Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	White Rock, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	21,939	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	19,952	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	11,541	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,735	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,240.6	...	...	4,240.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5.17	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	21,940	9,970	11,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	1,980	1,030	950	9.0	10.3	7.9
0 to 4 years	550	270	275	2.5	2.7	2.3
5 to 9 years	670	345	325	3.1	3.5	2.7
10 to 14 years	760	415	345	3.5	4.2	2.9
15 to 64 years	11,770	5,530	6,245	53.6	55.5	52.2
15 to 19 years	810	415	395	3.7	4.2	3.3
20 to 24 years	815	435	375	3.7	4.4	3.1
25 to 29 years	825	415	410	3.8	4.2	3.4
30 to 34 years	890	440	445	4.1	4.4	3.7
35 to 39 years	940	445	495	4.3	4.5	4.1
40 to 44 years	1,005	455	550	4.6	4.6	4.6
45 to 49 years	1,255	580	675	5.7	5.8	5.6
50 to 54 years	1,420	650	770	6.5	6.5	6.4
55 to 59 years	1,805	820	980	8.2	8.2	8.2
60 to 64 years	2,005	870	1,135	9.1	8.7	9.5
65 years and over	8,185	3,410	4,775	37.3	34.2	39.9
65 to 69 years	2,015	880	1,135	9.2	8.8	9.5
70 to 74 years	2,040	885	1,160	9.3	8.9	9.7
75 to 79 years	1,545	660	885	7.0	6.6	7.4
80 to 84 years	1,150	510	640	5.2	5.1	5.3
85 years and over	1,435	480	955	6.5	4.8	8.0
85 to 89 years	780	285	495	3.6	2.9	4.1
90 to 94 years	445	150	295	2.0	1.5	2.5
95 to 99 years	170	35	140	0.8	0.4	1.2
100 years and over	35	5	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9.0	10.3	7.9	9.0	10.3	7.9
15 to 64 years	53.6	55.5	52.2	53.6	55.5	52.2
65 years and over	37.3	34.2	39.9	37.3	34.2	39.9
85 years and over	6.5	4.8	8.0	6.5	4.8	8.0
Average age of the population	53.3	51.2	55.1	53.3	51.2	55.1
Median age of the population	58.0	55.6	59.6	58.0	55.6	59.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	2,575	...	...	24.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	80	...	...	0.7	...	...
Row house	150	...	...	1.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,875	...	...	17.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,455	...	...	41.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,575	...	...	14.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,765	...	...	44.4	...	...
2 persons	3,805	...	...	35.4	...	...
3 persons	990	...	...	9.2	...	...
4 persons	740	...	...	6.9	...	...
5 or more persons	440	...	...	4.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	20,725	9,525	11,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	19,960	8,940	11,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	10,465	5,215	5,255	52.4	58.3	47.7
Married	8,870	4,415	4,450	44.4	49.4	40.4
Living common-law	1,600	795	805	8.0	8.9	7.3
Living common law - Never married	855	435	425	4.3	4.9	3.9
Living common law - Separated	85	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	580	280	300	2.9	3.1	2.7
Living common law - Widowed	80	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	9,495	3,730	5,765	47.6	41.7	52.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,320	2,240	2,080	21.6	25.1	18.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	645	275	375	3.2	3.1	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,490	800	1,685	12.5	8.9	15.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,040	420	1,625	10.2	4.7	14.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,885	...	...	66.9	...	...
3 persons	975	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	725	...	...	12.5	...	...
5 or more persons	230	...	...	4.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,915	...	...	84.6	...	...
Married couples	4,115	...	...	70.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,495	...	...	25.7	...	...
Without children	2,625	...	...	45.2	...	...
Common-law couples	800	...	...	13.8	...	...
With children⁶	170	...	...	2.9	...	...
Without children	625	...	...	10.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	890	...	...	15.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	715	...	...	12.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	180	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	20,725	9,530	11,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	14,780	7,260	7,520	71.3	76.2	67.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,835	4,915	4,915	47.5	51.6	43.9
Parents in one-parent families	895	180	715	4.3	1.9	6.4
Children⁶	4,055	2,160	1,895	19.6	22.7	16.9
In a two-parent family	2,855	1,545	1,310	13.8	16.2	11.7
In a one-parent family	1,200	615	580	5.8	6.5	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,945	2,270	3,675	28.7	23.8	32.8
Living alone	4,765	1,735	3,035	23.0	18.2	27.1
Living with other relatives⁷	390	140	245	1.9	1.5	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	790	395	395	3.8	4.1	3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,125	...	...	47.7	...	...
Couple-family households	4,395	...	...	40.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,405	...	...	13.1	...	...
Without children	2,990	...	...	27.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	730	...	...	6.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	205	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	250	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	330	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	4,765	...	...	44.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	18,750	8,495	10,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,295	8,270	10,025	97.6	97.4	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,800	38,400	43,600	50,800	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,340	8,290	10,045	97.8	97.6	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	45,200	35,200	39,600	45,200	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,735	7,610	9,125	89.3	89.6	89.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	46,000	28,400	35,200	46,000	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,095	5,420	5,675	59.2	63.8	55.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,400	31,000	37,200	46,400	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,255	6,485	8,765	81.4	76.3	85.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800	13,600	13,900	13,800	13,600	13,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,110	460	650	5.9	5.4	6.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,210	1,885	2,325	22.5	22.2	22.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,500	10,000	9,000	8,500	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	18,750	8,500	10,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,235	8,205	10,035	97.3	96.5	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,100	79,500	51,550	64,100	79,500	51,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,295	8,225	10,070	97.6	96.8	98.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,850	62,350	43,240	51,850	62,350	43,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,800	7,600	9,195	89.6	89.4	89.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,100	75,500	43,680	58,100	75,500	43,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,095	5,375	5,720	59.2	63.2	55.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,000	69,500	43,360	56,000	69,500	43,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,250	6,405	8,840	81.3	75.4	86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,720	12,220	13,080	12,720	12,220	13,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,095	445	655	5.8	5.2	6.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,880	5,700	7,680	6,880	5,700	7,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,165	1,800	2,365	22.2	21.2	23.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,570	9,390	9,700	9,570	9,390	9,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	18,745	8,500	10,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,860	2,695	2,170	25.9	31.7	21.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	77,000	62,000	68,500	77,000	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	88,900	102,600	71,900	88,900	102,600	71,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,505	1,900	2,610	24.0	22.4	25.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,400	16,800	18,800	21,400	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,120	45,120	27,840	35,120	45,120	27,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	88.0	77.6	83.4	88.0	77.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.1	57.2	47.9	53.1	57.2	47.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.6	12.0	22.4	16.6	12.0	22.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.0	0.7	0.4	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.3	3.2	5.7	4.3	3.2	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	2.6	4.4	3.4	2.6	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	18,745	8,500	10,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	450	230	225	2.4	2.7	2.2
With total income	18,295	8,270	10,020	97.6	97.3	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,315	545	770	7.2	6.6	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	1,990	790	1,200	10.9	9.6	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	2,915	1,045	1,865	15.9	12.6	18.6
$30,000 to $39,999	2,180	830	1,355	11.9	10.0	13.5
$40,000 to $49,999	1,995	845	1,150	10.9	10.2	11.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,630	680	950	8.9	8.2	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,300	620	680	7.1	7.5	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,005	485	520	5.5	5.9	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	785	435	355	4.3	5.3	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	650	335	320	3.6	4.1	3.2
$100,000 and over	2,530	1,660	865	13.8	20.1	8.6
$100,000 to $149,999	1,425	875	550	7.8	10.6	5.5
$150,000 and over	1,100	785	320	6.0	9.5	3.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	18,745	8,500	10,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	405	205	205	2.2	2.4	2.0
With after-tax income	18,340	8,290	10,050	97.8	97.5	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,490	610	885	8.1	7.4	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	2,080	820	1,265	11.3	9.9	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	3,195	1,190	2,005	17.4	14.4	20.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,520	965	1,555	13.7	11.6	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	2,275	950	1,320	12.4	11.5	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,765	815	950	9.6	9.8	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,255	635	620	6.8	7.7	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	985	540	440	5.4	6.5	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	705	375	325	3.8	4.5	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	465	300	165	2.5	3.6	1.6
$100,000 and over	1,605	1,090	510	8.8	13.1	5.1
$100,000 to $124,999	670	425	245	3.7	5.1	2.4
$125,000 and over	935	670	265	5.1	8.1	2.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	18,745	8,500	10,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	7,650	3,080	4,570	40.8	36.2	44.6
With employment income	11,095	5,415	5,680	59.2	63.7	55.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,895	880	1,015	17.1	16.3	17.9
$5,000 to $9,999	890	360	525	8.0	6.6	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,220	515	710	11.0	9.5	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	960	415	545	8.7	7.7	9.6
$30,000 to $39,999	785	300	480	7.1	5.5	8.5
$40,000 to $49,999	855	375	480	7.7	6.9	8.5
$50,000 to $59,999	805	360	445	7.3	6.6	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	685	345	340	6.2	6.4	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	535	285	250	4.8	5.3	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	450	245	200	4.1	4.5	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	435	215	220	3.9	4.0	3.9
$100,000 and over	1,585	1,115	465	14.3	20.6	8.2
$100,000 to $124,999	620	395	230	5.6	7.3	4.0
$125,000 and over	970	725	240	8.7	13.4	4.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	18,750	8,495	10,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,860	8,060	9,800	95.3	94.9	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	51,600	36,400	42,400	51,600	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,900	8,065	9,830	95.5	94.9	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	45,200	32,800	37,600	45,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,515	7,485	9,030	88.1	88.1	88.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	48,400	30,400	37,600	48,400	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,835	5,600	6,235	63.1	65.9	60.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	46,000	28,200	35,600	46,000	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,755	5,215	7,540	68.0	61.4	73.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,600	11,900	11,400	11,600	11,900	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	715	290	425	3.8	3.4	4.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,160	5,680	5,400	5,160	5,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	18,750	8,500	10,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,850	8,065	9,785	95.2	94.9	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,650	75,000	50,720	61,650	75,000	50,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,910	8,075	9,835	95.5	95.0	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,080	59,400	42,440	50,080	59,400	42,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,570	7,495	9,085	88.4	88.2	88.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,350	73,500	45,880	58,350	73,500	45,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,790	5,530	6,255	62.9	65.1	61.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,850	66,800	42,360	53,850	66,800	42,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,865	5,280	7,585	68.6	62.1	74.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,360	10,150	10,510	10,360	10,150	10,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	745	295	450	4.0	3.5	4.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	6,400	8,040	7,400	6,400	8,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	18,745	8,500	10,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,830	2,670	2,160	25.8	31.4	21.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	75,500	59,200	67,000	75,500	59,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,500	98,500	71,700	86,500	98,500	71,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,290	1,795	2,490	22.9	21.1	24.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	29,000	23,800	25,800	29,000	23,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,440	50,960	32,880	40,440	50,960	32,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.8	91.2	84.0	87.8	91.2	84.0
Employment income (%)	57.6	61.2	53.4	57.6	61.2	53.4
Government transfers (%)	12.1	8.9	16.1	12.1	8.9	16.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.3	0.7	0.5	0.3	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,400	...	...	88,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	65,600	...	...	65,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,700	...	...	53,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	143,600	...	...	143,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,100	...	...	116,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	115	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	250	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	585	...	...	5.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	470	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	445	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	460	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	500	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	485	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	835	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	780	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	715	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	580	...	...	5.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	520	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,785	...	...	35.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,010	...	...	9.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	690	...	...	6.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	930	...	...	8.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,155	...	...	10.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	200	...	...	1.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	265	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	605	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	545	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	505	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	560	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	580	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	525	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	970	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	830	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	755	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	615	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	525	...	...	4.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,070	...	...	28.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	995	...	...	9.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	660	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,410	...	...	13.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,555	2,125	3,425	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	46,800	42,000	44,000	46,800	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	42,000	38,400	40,000	42,000	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,780	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,300	...	...	115,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	134,400	...	...	134,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...	107,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	185,000	...	...	185,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,600	...	...	149,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,200	...	...	77,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,410	2,065	3,345	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	63,500	78,600	54,200	63,500	78,600	54,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,250	60,800	46,960	52,250	60,800	46,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	20,725	9,525	11,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,485	1,295	1,195	12.0	13.6	10.7
0 to 5 years	675	340	340	3.3	3.6	3.0
18 to 64 years	11,180	5,215	5,965	53.9	54.8	53.3
65 years and over	7,060	3,020	4,040	34.1	31.7	36.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,645	1,100	1,550	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	365	195	170	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	100	50	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,330	580	750	...	...	...
65 years and over	950	320	630	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	11.5	13.8	12.8	11.5	13.8
0 to 17 years (%)	14.7	15.2	14.2	14.7	15.2	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	14.6	14.8	14.4	14.6	14.8	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9	11.2	12.6	11.9	11.2	12.6
65 years and over (%)	13.5	10.7	15.6	13.5	10.7	15.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	20,725	9,530	11,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,490	1,295	1,190	12.0	13.6	10.6
0 to 5 years	680	340	340	3.3	3.6	3.0
18 to 64 years	11,180	5,215	5,965	53.9	54.7	53.3
65 years and over	7,060	3,020	4,040	34.1	31.7	36.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,130	520	615	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	170	85	85	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	15	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	775	360	415	...	...	...
65 years and over	190	80	115	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.8	6.3	7.2	6.8	6.3	7.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2	4.0	6.4	5.2	4.0	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.9	6.9	7.0	6.9	6.9	7.0
65 years and over (%)	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	20,725	9,525	11,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	9,660	4,130	5,530	46.6	43.4	49.4
In bottom decile	2,365	1,020	1,345	11.4	10.7	12.0
In second decile	1,910	765	1,140	9.2	8.0	10.2
In third decile	1,775	750	1,025	8.6	7.9	9.2
In fourth decile	1,805	805	1,000	8.7	8.5	8.9
In fifth decile	1,800	785	1,015	8.7	8.2	9.1
In top half of the distribution	11,065	5,395	5,670	53.4	56.6	50.6
In sixth decile	1,780	820	965	8.6	8.6	8.6
In seventh decile	1,850	880	970	8.9	9.2	8.7
In eighth decile	1,995	950	1,050	9.6	10.0	9.4
In ninth decile	2,135	1,070	1,065	10.3	11.2	9.5
In top decile	3,305	1,690	1,615	15.9	17.7	14.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	20,725	...	...	20,725	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.395	...	...	0.395	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.502	...	...	0.502	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.349	...	...	0.349	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	20,855	9,570	11,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	18,770	8,685	10,085	90.0	90.8	89.3
French only	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	1,680	730	950	8.1	7.6	8.4
Neither English nor French	395	145	250	1.9	1.5	2.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	20,855	9,570	11,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	20,140	9,295	10,850	96.6	97.1	96.1
French	270	100	175	1.3	1.0	1.6
English and French	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	380	145	240	1.8	1.5	2.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	20,855	9,570	11,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,235	9,300	10,935	97.0	97.2	96.9
Official languages	15,720	7,370	8,355	75.4	77.0	74.0
English	15,445	7,265	8,175	74.1	75.9	72.4
French	280	105	175	1.3	1.1	1.6
Non-official languages	4,515	1,930	2,585	21.6	20.2	22.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,515	1,930	2,585	21.6	20.2	22.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	260	75	180	1.2	0.8	1.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	65	150	1.0	0.7	1.3
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,470	1,080	1,390	11.8	11.3	12.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	480	185	295	2.3	1.9	2.6
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	480	185	290	2.3	1.9	2.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Polish	110	45	70	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	140	50	90	0.7	0.5	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	625	265	365	3.0	2.8	3.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	430	180	250	2.1	1.9	2.2
German	420	180	235	2.0	1.9	2.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Danish	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	900	435	470	4.3	4.5	4.2
Indo-Aryan languages	835	405	435	4.0	4.2	3.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Hindi	80	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	625	305	320	3.0	3.2	2.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	170	230	1.9	1.8	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	45	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	75	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	185	75	115	0.9	0.8	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	20	50	0.4	0.2	0.4
Korean	150	60	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,295	565	730	6.2	5.9	6.5
Chinese languages	1,290	565	725	6.2	5.9	6.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,065	465	600	5.1	4.9	5.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	175	85	95	0.8	0.9	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Estonian	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Finnish	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	620	270	350	3.0	2.8	3.1
English and French	70	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	460	205	255	2.2	2.1	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	20,855	9,570	11,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,400	7,635	8,765	78.6	79.8	77.6
French	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	1,225	520	700	5.9	5.4	6.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,225	520	700	5.9	5.4	6.2
English and French	195	75	120	0.9	0.8	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,785	1,225	1,560	13.4	12.8	13.8
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	65	75	0.6	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	20,855	9,570	11,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,335	9,330	11,000	97.5	97.5	97.4
Official languages	18,095	8,340	9,750	86.8	87.1	86.4
English	18,035	8,315	9,720	86.5	86.9	86.1
French	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	2,245	990	1,255	10.8	10.3	11.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,245	990	1,255	10.8	10.3	11.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	5	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	5	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	880	380	500	4.2	4.0	4.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	65	95	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	160	65	95	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Russian	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	495	225	270	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indo-Aryan languages	465	210	255	2.2	2.2	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	345	160	185	1.7	1.7	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	25	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	55	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	70	25	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	120	55	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,025	465	555	4.9	4.9	4.9
Chinese languages	1,025	465	555	4.9	4.9	4.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	900	415	485	4.3	4.3	4.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	45	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	520	235	285	2.5	2.5	2.5
English and French	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	455	200	250	2.2	2.1	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	20,855	9,570	11,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	18,095	8,365	9,730	86.8	87.4	86.2
English	845	395	450	4.1	4.1	4.0
French	160	55	95	0.8	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	1,370	585	790	6.6	6.1	7.0
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,370	585	785	6.6	6.1	7.0
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	115	50	65	0.6	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	90	40	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	175	70	105	0.8	0.7	0.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	20,725	9,530	11,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	20,355	9,400	10,950	98.2	98.6	97.8
English	20,345	9,395	10,950	98.2	98.6	97.8
French	1,690	745	945	8.2	7.8	8.4
Non-official languages	5,980	2,510	3,465	28.9	26.3	30.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,970	2,500	3,465	28.8	26.2	30.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	65	65	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	355	135	220	1.7	1.4	2.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	340	130	210	1.6	1.4	1.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,635	1,560	2,075	17.5	16.4	18.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	570	235	340	2.8	2.5	3.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	570	235	340	2.8	2.5	3.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Czech	50	15	45	0.2	0.2	0.4
Macedonian	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	35	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Russian	225	90	140	1.1	0.9	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	70	65	0.7	0.7	0.6
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Serbian	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	15	55	0.3	0.2	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	840	350	490	4.1	3.7	4.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	635	270	365	3.1	2.8	3.3
German	625	270	350	3.0	2.8	3.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	115	55	60	0.6	0.6	0.5
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	90	40	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	35	70	0.5	0.4	0.6
Danish	45	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	40	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	1,295	630	660	6.2	6.6	5.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,235	600	630	6.0	6.3	5.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	405	190	215	2.0	2.0	1.9
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,025	505	520	4.9	5.3	4.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	55	35	0.4	0.6	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	950	355	600	4.6	3.7	5.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	150	50	95	0.7	0.5	0.8
Portuguese	175	70	115	0.8	0.7	1.0
Romanian	90	20	65	0.4	0.2	0.6
Spanish	595	235	365	2.9	2.5	3.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	50	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
Korean	125	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,465	585	875	7.1	6.1	7.8
Chinese languages	1,455	585	870	7.0	6.1	7.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,300	520	780	6.3	5.5	7.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	265	105	160	1.3	1.1	1.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	40	70	0.5	0.4	0.6
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	70	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,725	9,525	11,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	635	285	355	3.1	3.0	3.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	600	265	340	2.9	2.8	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	285	160	125	1.4	1.7	1.1
Métis	310	105	205	1.5	1.1	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	20,090	9,245	10,845	96.9	97.1	96.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,725	9,525	11,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	155	80	80	0.7	0.8	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20,570	9,450	11,120	99.3	99.2	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	6,955	...	...	64.8	...	...
Renter	3,775	...	...	35.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,645	...	...	43.3	...	...
Not condominium	6,095	...	...	56.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	75	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	2,500	...	...	23.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,685	...	...	43.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,645	...	...	15.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,825	...	...	17.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,980	...	...	46.4	...	...
5 rooms	1,915	...	...	17.8	...	...
6 rooms	1,190	...	...	11.1	...	...
7 rooms	725	...	...	6.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,925	...	...	17.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	10,610	...	...	98.8	...	...
More than one person per room	120	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	10,295	...	...	95.9	...	...
Not suitable	440	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	975	...	...	9.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,235	...	...	30.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,040	...	...	19.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,625	...	...	15.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	535	...	...	5.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	635	...	...	5.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	745	...	...	6.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	940	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	10,170	...	...	94.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	565	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,425	...	...	59.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,940	...	...	36.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	370	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	120	...	...	1.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	720	...	...	6.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	970	...	...	9.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,580	...	...	14.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,425	...	...	22.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,640	...	...	24.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,635	...	...	15.2	...	...
85 years and over	645	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	10,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,225	...	...	67.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,460	...	...	32.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,970	...	...	27.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,150	...	...	38.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,175	...	...	29.6	...	...
Not suitable only	300	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	365	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	105	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	170	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,580	...	...	61.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	10,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,145	...	...	21.0	...	...
Not in core need	8,045	...	...	78.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,960	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.1	...	...	49.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.4	...	...	24.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.5	...	...	12.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,160	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,728	...	...	1,728	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,142,000	...	...	1,142,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,780	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.8	...	...	7.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	47.3	...	...	47.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	37.0	...	...	37.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...	1,620	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	20,730	9,530	11,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	160	80	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	150	75	70	0.7	0.8	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	95	55	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Métis single ancestry	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	615	305	310	3.0	3.2	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	590	295	300	2.8	3.1	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	425	230	200	2.1	2.4	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155	60	100	0.7	0.6	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,950	9,145	10,805	96.2	96.0	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	20,725	9,530	11,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	19,075	8,805	10,275	92.0	92.4	91.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,300	1,220	1,080	11.1	12.8	9.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	16,780	7,585	9,195	81.0	79.6	82.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,650	725	925	8.0	7.6	8.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	20,725	9,530	11,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	14,440	6,830	7,615	69.7	71.7	68.0
Immigrants⁸¹	6,005	2,560	3,445	29.0	26.9	30.8
Before 1980	2,135	920	1,215	10.3	9.7	10.8
1980 to 1990	780	315	465	3.8	3.3	4.2
1991 to 2000	885	375	515	4.3	3.9	4.6
2001 to 2010	1,070	480	590	5.2	5.0	5.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,130	470	660	5.5	4.9	5.9
2011 to 2015	545	210	335	2.6	2.2	3.0
2016 to 2021	580	260	320	2.8	2.7	2.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	280	140	140	1.4	1.5	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,005	2,560	3,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	540	230	310	9.0	9.0	9.0
5 to 14 years	990	460	530	16.5	18.0	15.4
15 to 24 years	1,115	430	685	18.6	16.8	19.9
25 to 44 years	2,655	1,125	1,530	44.2	43.9	44.4
45 years and over	700	310	385	11.7	12.1	11.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,005	2,560	3,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	695	290	400	11.6	11.3	11.6
Brazil	35	15	20	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
El Salvador	30	0	25	0.5	0.0	0.7
Guyana	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	20	10	0.4	0.8	0.3
Mexico	60	30	30	1.0	1.2	0.9
Peru	15	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	15	0.3	0.4	0.4
United States of America	395	150	245	6.6	5.9	7.1
Other places of birth in Americas	90	50	40	1.5	2.0	1.2
Europe	2,330	1,035	1,295	38.8	40.4	37.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	15	10	0.3	0.6	0.3
Croatia	30	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.4
France	80	30	50	1.3	1.2	1.5
Germany	220	80	140	3.7	3.1	4.1
Greece	55	30	25	0.9	1.2	0.7
Hungary	50	20	25	0.8	0.8	0.7
Italy	70	35	30	1.2	1.4	0.9
Netherlands	75	30	45	1.2	1.2	1.3
Poland	95	35	60	1.6	1.4	1.7
Portugal	25	10	20	0.4	0.4	0.6
Romania	85	20	65	1.4	0.8	1.9
Russian Federation	70	20	50	1.2	0.8	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	55	15	35	0.9	0.6	1.0
Ukraine	55	15	40	0.9	0.6	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,020	500	520	17.0	19.5	15.1
Other places of birth in Europe	330	160	175	5.5	6.3	5.1
Africa	225	100	130	3.7	3.9	3.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	45	60	1.8	1.8	1.7
Other places of birth in Africa	95	45	50	1.6	1.8	1.5
Asia	2,640	1,075	1,565	44.0	42.0	45.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.7	0.8	0.6
Iraq	25	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.6
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Turkey	20	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	965	410	555	16.1	16.0	16.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	45	40	1.5	1.8	1.2
Korea, South⁹²	95	40	55	1.6	1.6	1.6
Taiwan	135	35	100	2.2	1.4	2.9
Philippines	330	115	215	5.5	4.5	6.2
Viet Nam	40	10	30	0.7	0.4	0.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	650	290	360	10.8	11.3	10.4
Pakistan	30	15	20	0.5	0.6	0.6
Sri Lanka	25	20	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	170	50	125	2.8	2.0	3.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	115	55	55	1.9	2.1	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	580	260	320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	105	55	50	18.1	21.2	15.6
Brazil	25	15	15	4.3	5.8	4.7
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	65	30	30	11.2	11.5	9.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	70	20	45	12.1	7.7	14.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	2.6	0.0	4.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	1.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	10	4.3	5.8	3.1
Africa	15	10	0	2.6	3.8	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	385	170	210	66.4	65.4	65.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	165	75	90	28.4	28.8	28.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	50	20	30	8.6	7.7	9.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	1.7	0.0	3.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	135	70	65	23.3	26.9	20.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	2.6	3.8	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	1.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	20,725	9,525	11,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,510	2,800	3,705	31.4	29.4	33.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,875	2,305	2,570	23.5	24.2	22.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	9,345	4,420	4,920	45.1	46.4	43.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,865	1,640	2,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,410	1,080	1,340	62.4	65.9	60.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	935	530	405	24.2	32.3	18.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,480	545	930	38.3	33.2	41.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,225	465	760	31.7	28.4	34.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	215	95	115	5.6	5.8	5.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,865	1,640	2,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	100	45	55	2.6	2.7	2.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	515	200	310	13.3	12.2	13.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	15	30	1.2	0.9	1.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	165	70	100	4.3	4.3	4.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,010	1,305	1,710	77.9	79.6	76.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	20,725	9,525	11,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,910	2,225	2,685	23.7	23.4	24.0
South Asian	1,575	765	805	7.6	8.0	7.2
Chinese	1,600	670	930	7.7	7.0	8.3
Black	265	140	125	1.3	1.5	1.1
Filipino	490	205	285	2.4	2.2	2.5
Arab	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Latin American	250	95	155	1.2	1.0	1.4
Southeast Asian	90	40	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	165	75	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
Japanese	135	55	80	0.7	0.6	0.7
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	185	110	75	0.9	1.2	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,820	7,300	8,520	76.3	76.6	76.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	20,725	9,530	11,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	1,890	915	980	9.1	9.6	8.8
English	4,965	2,305	2,665	24.0	24.2	23.8
Irish	3,250	1,535	1,715	15.7	16.1	15.3
Scottish	3,795	1,815	1,985	18.3	19.0	17.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,515	695	815	7.3	7.3	7.3
German	2,560	1,185	1,375	12.4	12.4	12.3
Chinese	1,535	675	860	7.4	7.1	7.7
Italian	635	290	340	3.1	3.0	3.0
Indian (India)	1,005	470	535	4.8	4.9	4.8
Ukrainian	980	450	535	4.7	4.7	4.8
Dutch	860	350	510	4.1	3.7	4.6
Polish	705	325	375	3.4	3.4	3.3
Québécois	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,270	530	740	6.1	5.6	6.6
Filipino	475	190	280	2.3	2.0	2.5
French Canadian	230	90	140	1.1	0.9	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	395	175	225	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	250	160	95	1.2	1.7	0.8
Métis	250	100	150	1.2	1.0	1.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	505	245	255	2.4	2.6	2.3
Russian	545	210	335	2.6	2.2	3.0
Norwegian	820	435	385	4.0	4.6	3.4
Welsh	455	175	275	2.2	1.8	2.5
Portuguese	185	105	85	0.9	1.1	0.8
American	420	205	220	2.0	2.2	2.0
Spanish	340	150	190	1.6	1.6	1.7
Swedish	470	200	275	2.3	2.1	2.5
Hungarian	240	105	135	1.2	1.1	1.2
Acadian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jewish	125	60	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Punjabi	320	155	160	1.5	1.6	1.4
Vietnamese	80	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	145	60	85	0.7	0.6	0.8
Jamaican	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	115	35	85	0.6	0.4	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	155	80	70	0.7	0.8	0.6
Romanian	190	50	140	0.9	0.5	1.3
Lebanese	30	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	30	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	50	15	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	205	95	110	1.0	1.0	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	100	60	35	0.5	0.6	0.3
Sikh	240	130	110	1.2	1.4	1.0
Austrian	215	100	115	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belgian	105	60	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
Haitian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindu	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexican	130	45	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mennonite	80	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	150	70	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Finnish	145	55	85	0.7	0.6	0.8
Sri Lankan	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatian	115	65	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Japanese	155	70	85	0.7	0.7	0.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	95	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	105	60	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Muslim	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	120	65	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	80	15	60	0.4	0.2	0.5
Syrian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	100	55	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Ojibway	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	65	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Turkish	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75	20	60	0.4	0.2	0.5
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	85	30	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.3
African Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
South African	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Australian	115	40	65	0.6	0.4	0.6
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	30	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	30	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Albertan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ghanaian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
African American	40	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern Irish	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
British Columbian	120	65	50	0.6	0.7	0.4
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	70	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	20,725	9,525	11,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	160	75	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
Christian	8,875	3,720	5,155	42.8	39.1	46.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,155	960	1,200	10.4	10.1	10.7
Anabaptist	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Anglican	885	390	495	4.3	4.1	4.4
Baptist	300	110	185	1.4	1.2	1.7
Catholic	2,835	1,215	1,620	13.7	12.8	14.5
Christian Orthodox	265	100	165	1.3	1.0	1.5
Jehovah's Witness	130	40	85	0.6	0.4	0.8
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	340	145	200	1.6	1.5	1.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	125	50	85	0.6	0.5	0.8
Presbyterian	155	80	75	0.7	0.8	0.7
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,005	365	640	4.8	3.8	5.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	595	230	365	2.9	2.4	3.3
Hindu	245	125	125	1.2	1.3	1.1
Jewish	115	55	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
Muslim	205	110	95	1.0	1.2	0.8
Sikh	905	435	465	4.4	4.6	4.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	360	165	200	1.7	1.7	1.8
No religion and secular perspectives	9,855	4,840	5,015	47.6	50.8	44.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	20,620	9,465	11,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	17,385	7,930	9,455	84.3	83.8	84.8
Movers	3,235	1,540	1,695	15.7	16.3	15.2
Non-migrants	1,045	500	545	5.1	5.3	4.9
Migrants	2,185	1,040	1,150	10.6	11.0	10.3
Internal migrants	1,920	915	1,005	9.3	9.7	9.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,635	775	855	7.9	8.2	7.7
Interprovincial migrants	285	145	145	1.4	1.5	1.3
External migrants	270	120	145	1.3	1.3	1.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	20,210	9,250	10,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	10,295	4,615	5,675	50.9	49.9	51.8
Movers	9,920	4,630	5,290	49.1	50.1	48.2
Non-migrants	1,705	765	940	8.4	8.3	8.6
Migrants	8,215	3,865	4,350	40.6	41.8	39.7
Internal migrants	7,335	3,445	3,890	36.3	37.2	35.5
Intraprovincial migrants	6,545	3,110	3,440	32.4	33.6	31.4
Interprovincial migrants	785	340	450	3.9	3.7	4.1
External migrants	880	420	460	4.4	4.5	4.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,745	8,500	10,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,300	1,145	1,160	12.3	13.5	11.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,450	7,360	9,090	87.8	86.6	88.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,075	4,690	5,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	705	425	280	7.0	9.1	5.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,365	4,265	5,105	93.0	90.9	94.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,750	8,500	10,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,825	855	970	9.7	10.1	9.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,675	2,525	3,150	30.3	29.7	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,250	5,120	6,130	60.0	60.2	59.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,705	2,655	3,045	30.4	31.2	29.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,490	1,000	495	7.9	11.8	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	705	335	365	3.8	3.9	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	785	660	130	4.2	7.8	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,450	1,360	2,085	18.4	16.0	20.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	770	305	465	4.1	3.6	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,540	2,455	3,085	29.5	28.9	30.1
Bachelor's degree	3,340	1,545	1,795	17.8	18.2	17.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	520	180	345	2.8	2.1	3.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190	105	85	1.0	1.2	0.8
Master's degree	1,285	510	770	6.9	6.0	7.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	210	110	100	1.1	1.3	1.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,075	4,690	5,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	510	300	205	5.1	6.4	3.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,720	1,320	1,400	27.0	28.1	26.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,845	3,065	3,780	67.9	65.4	70.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,365	1,625	1,745	33.4	34.6	32.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	835	560	275	8.3	11.9	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	425	215	205	4.2	4.6	3.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	410	340	70	4.1	7.2	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,050	865	1,185	20.3	18.4	22.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	485	205	280	4.8	4.4	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,480	1,445	2,035	34.5	30.8	37.8
Bachelor's degree	2,150	945	1,210	21.3	20.1	22.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	290	75	220	2.9	1.6	4.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	55	60	1.1	1.2	1.1
Master's degree	800	300	500	7.9	6.4	9.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	70	50	1.2	1.5	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	18,750	8,500	10,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,500	3,385	4,120	40.0	39.8	40.2
Education	1,085	215	870	5.8	2.5	8.5
13. Education	1,085	215	870	5.8	2.5	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	500	210	285	2.7	2.5	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	60	15	0.4	0.7	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	430	155	275	2.3	1.8	2.7
Humanities	725	290	430	3.9	3.4	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	15	70	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	210	70	140	1.1	0.8	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	235	100	135	1.3	1.2	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	60	50	15	0.3	0.6	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,350	485	865	7.2	5.7	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	40	105	0.7	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	110	0	110	0.6	0.0	1.1
22. Legal professions and studies	220	95	125	1.2	1.1	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	330	85	240	1.8	1.0	2.3
45. Social sciences	515	255	260	2.7	3.0	2.5
Business, management and public administration	2,415	1,035	1,380	12.9	12.2	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	95	10	90	0.5	0.1	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,310	1,020	1,290	12.3	12.0	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	415	220	195	2.2	2.6	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	165	70	95	0.9	0.8	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	35	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	125	105	20	0.7	1.2	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	405	235	175	2.2	2.8	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	290	185	105	1.5	2.2	1.0
25. Library science	40	0	40	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	50	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,730	1,580	150	9.2	18.6	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	380	325	55	2.0	3.8	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	395	350	45	2.1	4.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	475	470	0	2.5	5.5	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	240	235	0	1.3	2.8	0.0
48. Precision production	185	170	15	1.0	2.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	175	105	70	0.9	1.2	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	130	80	50	0.7	0.9	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	1,785	380	1,405	9.5	4.5	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	130	80	55	0.7	0.9	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,580	255	1,325	8.4	3.0	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	665	360	305	3.5	4.2	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	340	75	265	1.8	0.9	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	115	85	40	0.6	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	195	195	0	1.0	2.3	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,075	4,685	5,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,230	1,620	1,605	32.1	34.6	29.8
Education	480	95	390	4.8	2.0	7.2
13. Education	480	95	390	4.8	2.0	7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	370	155	215	3.7	3.3	4.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	15	0.3	0.5	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	330	130	200	3.3	2.8	3.7
Humanities	395	150	245	3.9	3.2	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	15	35	0.6	0.3	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	135	50	90	1.3	1.1	1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	125	45	80	1.2	1.0	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
54. History	30	25	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	905	310	595	9.0	6.6	11.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	25	80	1.0	0.5	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	55	0	55	0.5	0.0	1.0
22. Legal professions and studies	130	45	85	1.3	1.0	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	245	60	185	2.4	1.3	3.4
45. Social sciences	345	170	170	3.4	3.6	3.2
Business, management and public administration	1,530	630	900	15.2	13.4	16.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	45	0	40	0.4	0.0	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,480	625	855	14.7	13.3	15.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	235	95	140	2.3	2.0	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	125	45	80	1.2	1.0	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	10	40	0.5	0.2	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	50	35	15	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	295	180	115	2.9	3.8	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	240	150	85	2.4	3.2	1.6
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	30	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,030	915	115	10.2	19.5	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
14. Engineering	240	190	45	2.4	4.1	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	220	195	30	2.2	4.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	330	325	0	3.3	6.9	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	115	110	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
48. Precision production	90	85	10	0.9	1.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	120	80	40	1.2	1.7	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85	55	30	0.8	1.2	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	40	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	1,080	250	830	10.7	5.3	15.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	105	55	50	1.0	1.2	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	935	165	760	9.3	3.5	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	400	205	190	4.0	4.4	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	195	35	155	1.9	0.7	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	100	65	35	1.0	1.4	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	105	105	0	1.0	2.2	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,075	4,685	5,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,230	1,620	1,605	32.1	34.6	29.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,845	3,065	3,775	67.9	65.4	70.1
Location of study inside Canada	5,115	2,320	2,790	50.8	49.5	51.8
Same as province or territory of residence	3,975	1,755	2,220	39.5	37.5	41.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,140	565	575	11.3	12.1	10.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,730	745	985	17.2	15.9	18.3
Americas	480	195	285	4.8	4.2	5.3
United States of America	350	150	200	3.5	3.2	3.7
Mexico	45	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	45	20	30	0.4	0.4	0.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.4
Europe	360	170	190	3.6	3.6	3.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Germany	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Romania	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ukraine	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	70	70	1.3	1.5	1.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Africa	45	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	800	325	470	7.9	6.9	8.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	395	155	235	3.9	3.3	4.4
Taiwan	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	45	10	35	0.4	0.2	0.6
Philippines	140	45	90	1.4	1.0	1.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	120	60	55	1.2	1.3	1.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Oceania	45	25	30	0.4	0.5	0.6
Australia	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	18,750	8,500	10,250	...	...	...
In the labour force	10,015	5,020	4,995	...	...	...
Employed	9,210	4,625	4,585	...	...	...
Unemployed	805	395	410	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	8,730	3,480	5,255	...	...	...
Participation rate	53.4	59.1	48.7	53.4	59.1	48.7
Employment rate	49.1	54.4	44.7	49.1	54.4	44.7
Unemployment rate	8.0	7.9	8.2	8.0	7.9	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	18,750	8,500	10,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,545	3,440	5,110	45.6	40.5	49.9
Worked	10,200	5,060	5,140	54.4	59.5	50.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,185	2,895	2,285	27.7	34.1	22.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,020	2,165	2,855	26.8	25.5	27.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.7	39.5	40.6	41.7	39.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,020	5,025	4,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	85	105	1.9	1.7	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,825	4,935	4,890	98.1	98.2	97.9
Employee	7,385	3,475	3,905	73.7	69.2	78.2
Permanent position	6,290	3,035	3,260	62.8	60.4	65.3
Temporary position	1,095	445	650	10.9	8.9	13.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	370	130	240	3.7	2.6	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	720	315	410	7.2	6.3	8.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,445	1,455	985	24.4	29.0	19.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,020	5,025	4,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	85	105	1.9	1.7	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,825	4,935	4,890	98.1	98.2	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	295	230	65	2.9	4.6	1.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,925	595	1,330	19.2	11.8	26.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	680	520	160	6.8	10.3	3.2
3 Health occupations	700	140	565	7.0	2.8	11.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,340	440	905	13.4	8.8	18.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	520	260	260	5.2	5.2	5.2
6 Sales and service occupations	2,415	1,035	1,380	24.1	20.6	27.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,640	1,480	160	16.4	29.5	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	105	90	15	1.0	1.8	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	205	145	60	2.0	2.9	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,020	5,025	4,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	85	105	1.9	1.7	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	9,825	4,935	4,890	98.1	98.2	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	95	55	35	0.9	1.1	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	25	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
22 Utilities	75	45	35	0.7	0.9	0.7
23 Construction	985	855	130	9.8	17.0	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	450	310	140	4.5	6.2	2.8
41 Wholesale trade	425	270	155	4.2	5.4	3.1
44-45 Retail trade	1,020	500	520	10.2	10.0	10.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	595	455	145	5.9	9.1	2.9
51 Information and cultural industries	265	165	100	2.6	3.3	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	425	185	235	4.2	3.7	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	385	160	225	3.8	3.2	4.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	980	535	445	9.8	10.6	8.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	360	190	170	3.6	3.8	3.4
61 Educational services	900	270	625	9.0	5.4	12.5
62 Health care and social assistance	1,160	220	935	11.6	4.4	18.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	280	140	140	2.8	2.8	2.8
72 Accommodation and food services	515	175	340	5.1	3.5	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	335	100	235	3.3	2.0	4.7
91 Public administration	530	270	260	5.3	5.4	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,970	5,370	5,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	10,185	5,000	5,190	92.8	93.1	92.6
French	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.4
Non-official language	140	90	50	1.3	1.7	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	90	50	1.3	1.7	0.9
English and French	105	40	65	1.0	0.7	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	500	220	270	4.6	4.1	4.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,970	5,370	5,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	10,855	5,325	5,530	99.0	99.2	98.7
Official languages	10,580	5,175	5,405	96.4	96.4	96.4
English	10,545	5,170	5,380	96.1	96.3	96.0
French	35	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.5
Non-official languages	275	150	120	2.5	2.8	2.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	275	150	120	2.5	2.8	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	120	105	2.1	2.2	1.9
Chinese languages	225	120	105	2.1	2.2	1.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	200	105	90	1.8	2.0	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	120	45	75	1.1	0.8	1.3
English and French	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	105	40	60	1.0	0.7	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,970	5,370	5,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	10,460	5,135	5,320	95.4	95.6	94.9
English	95	40	50	0.9	0.7	0.9
French	90	40	55	0.8	0.7	1.0
Non-official language	265	135	130	2.4	2.5	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	265	135	130	2.4	2.5	2.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,210	4,630	4,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,355	1,130	1,225	25.6	24.4	26.7
Worked outside Canada	90	50	40	1.0	1.1	0.9
No fixed workplace address	1,370	1,045	325	14.9	22.6	7.1
Usual place of work	5,395	2,400	2,995	58.6	51.8	65.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,390	2,400	2,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,040	370	675	19.3	15.4	22.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,170	1,950	2,215	77.4	81.3	74.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	150	60	90	2.8	2.5	3.0
Commute to a different province or territory	35	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,765	3,440	3,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	5,630	2,960	2,670	83.2	86.0	80.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,290	2,810	2,480	78.2	81.7	74.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	340	150	190	5.0	4.4	5.7
Public transit	385	190	200	5.7	5.5	6.0
Walked	520	175	345	7.7	5.1	10.4
Bicycle	40	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other method	180	90	90	2.7	2.6	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,765	3,440	3,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,840	650	1,190	27.2	18.9	35.8
15 to 29 minutes	1,660	840	820	24.5	24.4	24.7
30 to 44 minutes	1,880	1,105	770	27.8	32.1	23.2
45 to 59 minutes	790	450	345	11.7	13.1	10.4
60 minutes and over	590	400	195	8.7	11.6	5.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,765	3,440	3,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	480	345	135	7.1	10.0	4.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	930	675	255	13.7	19.6	7.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,540	680	860	22.8	19.8	25.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,590	735	850	23.5	21.4	25.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,295	495	800	19.1	14.4	24.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	930	510	420	13.7	14.8	12.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,540	1,325	1,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	145	75	70	5.7	5.7	5.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,400	1,250	1,155	94.5	94.3	94.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,950	1,025	925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	115	65	50	5.9	6.3	5.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	50	30	20	2.6	2.9	2.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	70	40	30	3.6	3.9	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,830	960	870	93.8	93.7	94.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 27, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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