Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Delta, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision] Remove	British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	108,455	5,000,879
Population, 2016¹	102,238	4,648,055
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.1	7.6
Total private dwellings²	39,736	2,211,694
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,058	2,041,834
Population density per square kilometre	603.7	5.4
Land area in square kilometres	179.66	920,686.55
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	108,455	5,000,880
0 to 14 years	16,425	716,900
0 to 4 years	4,505	216,825
5 to 9 years	5,520	244,290
10 to 14 years	6,400	255,790
15 to 64 years	69,755	3,267,620
15 to 19 years	6,825	253,690
20 to 24 years	7,525	294,650
25 to 29 years	6,140	337,090
30 to 34 years	5,640	358,585
35 to 39 years	6,510	353,350
40 to 44 years	6,655	319,740
45 to 49 years	6,950	310,035
50 to 54 years	7,750	329,005
55 to 59 years	8,010	356,345
60 to 64 years	7,750	355,130
65 years and over	22,275	1,016,365
65 to 69 years	6,600	319,405
70 to 74 years	6,015	272,365
75 to 79 years	4,310	181,075
80 to 84 years	2,770	121,055
85 years and over	2,575	122,465
85 to 89 years	1,635	74,315
90 to 94 years	720	36,840
95 to 99 years	195	9,790
100 years and over	30	1,515
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	14.3
15 to 64 years	64.3	65.3
65 years and over	20.5	20.3
85 years and over	2.4	2.4
Average age of the population	42.9	43.1
Median age of the population	44.0	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,055	2,041,835
Single-detached house	21,130	866,340
Semi-detached house	1,120	62,890
Row house	2,115	168,590
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,320	249,835
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,550	417,475
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	625	221,845
Other single-attached house	30	3,760
Movable dwelling⁴	165	51,100
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,060	2,041,835
1 person	7,790	600,705
2 persons	12,065	719,865
3 persons	6,270	296,200
4 persons	6,880	256,700
5 or more persons	5,055	168,355
Number of persons in private households	107,270	4,915,945
Average household size	2.8	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,030	4,283,980
Married or living common-law	55,570	2,464,130
Married	50,125	2,036,165
Living common-law	5,440	427,970
Living common law - Never married	3,520	313,560
Living common law - Separated	275	17,220
Living common law - Divorced	1,495	87,370
Living common law - Widowed	150	9,815
Not married and not living common-law	36,465	1,819,845
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,770	1,202,625
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,975	110,710
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,720	283,035
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,005	223,475
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,940	1,399,405
2 persons	14,270	763,875
3 persons	6,720	290,335
4 persons	7,465	255,295
5 or more persons	2,480	89,900
Average size of census families	3.0	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,935	1,399,405
Total couple families	26,870	1,190,930
Married couples	24,150	977,010
With children⁶	14,010	496,240
Without children	10,145	480,770
Common-law couples	2,720	213,925
With children⁶	1,050	64,570
Without children	1,670	149,355
Total one-parent families	4,060	208,475
in which the parent is a woman+	3,080	161,820
in which the parent is a man+	980	46,655
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,270	4,915,945
Total - Persons in census families	91,610	3,897,915
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,750	2,381,865
Parents in one-parent families	4,065	208,475
Children⁶	33,800	1,307,575
In a two-parent family	27,645	1,001,235
In a one-parent family	6,155	306,340
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,660	1,018,030
Living alone	7,790	600,705
Living with other relatives⁷	3,705	139,900
Living with non-relatives only	4,165	277,425
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,060	2,041,830
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,045	1,157,520
Couple-family households	21,240	1,002,775
With children⁶	11,770	463,945
Without children	9,470	538,825
One-parent-family households	2,800	154,745
Multigenerational households⁸	2,680	75,700
Multiple-census-family households⁹	465	20,325
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,620	79,015
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,460	108,570
One-person households	7,790	600,705
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,855	4,200,500
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,665	4,076,345
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,705	4,078,810
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,465	3,655,710
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,155	2,886,365
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,585	3,377,800
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,005	370,345
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,870	1,106,935
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,860	4,200,425
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,595	4,075,270
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,500	54,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,625	4,077,810
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680	45,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,325	3,654,285
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,450	50,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,150	2,886,325
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,350	50,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,675	3,374,170
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,920	11,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,880	368,410
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	6,540
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,600	1,102,145
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,860	4,200,420
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,025	1,301,410
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	65,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,800	77,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,470	1,195,830
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,240	30,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	83.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.6	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.1	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,850	4,200,500
Without total income	3,185	124,155
With total income	87,665	4,076,350
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,350	385,230
$10,000 to $19,999	10,060	474,245
$20,000 to $29,999	12,655	627,895
$30,000 to $39,999	10,440	515,780
$40,000 to $49,999	9,330	442,130
$50,000 to $59,999	7,840	363,335
$60,000 to $69,999	6,225	284,130
$70,000 to $79,999	4,960	221,755
$80,000 to $89,999	3,805	172,110
$90,000 to $99,999	3,160	136,185
$100,000 and over	10,845	453,550
$100,000 to $149,999	7,115	297,440
$150,000 and over	3,725	156,105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,850	4,200,500
Without after-tax income	3,150	121,690
With after-tax income	87,705	4,078,810
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,725	402,375
$10,000 to $19,999	10,445	490,875
$20,000 to $29,999	14,205	705,795
$30,000 to $39,999	12,155	593,485
$40,000 to $49,999	10,755	502,775
$50,000 to $59,999	8,450	387,850
$60,000 to $69,999	6,260	283,825
$70,000 to $79,999	4,700	207,535
$80,000 to $89,999	3,425	150,155
$90,000 to $99,999	2,390	99,015
$100,000 and over	6,205	255,125
$100,000 to $124,999	3,130	127,025
$125,000 and over	3,075	128,100
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,850	4,200,500
Without employment income	27,700	1,314,135
With employment income	63,155	2,886,365
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,590	397,640
$5,000 to $9,999	5,075	234,130
$10,000 to $19,999	7,385	339,265
$20,000 to $29,999	5,500	266,065
$30,000 to $39,999	5,500	257,235
$40,000 to $49,999	5,365	247,550
$50,000 to $59,999	4,900	230,030
$60,000 to $69,999	4,105	190,470
$70,000 to $79,999	3,415	154,990
$80,000 to $89,999	2,840	128,265
$90,000 to $99,999	2,365	105,855
$100,000 and over	8,110	334,875
$100,000 to $124,999	3,650	154,515
$125,000 and over	4,465	180,360
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,855	4,200,500
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,940	3,960,225
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,100	3,968,465
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,315	3,614,710
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,110	2,972,225
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,725	2,715,540
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,765	258,710
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,860	4,200,425
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,030	3,959,300
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,650	52,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,210	3,967,440
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360	43,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,295	3,612,845
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,200	51,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,915	2,971,405
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	49,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,050	2,711,365
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,320	8,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,785	258,380
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,910	7,140
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,860	4,200,420
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,820	1,288,260
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,300	72,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,935	1,128,665
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	25,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,520	36,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	89.0
Employment income (%)	71.6	70.4
Government transfers (%)	10.4	10.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,060	2,041,835
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	85,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	76,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,790	600,705
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	43,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	39,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,265	1,441,130
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	108,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	95,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,055	2,041,835
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	127,800	108,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,500	91,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,820	600,425
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,400	55,600
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,920	46,680
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,240	1,441,410
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,200	130,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,900	109,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,060	2,041,835
Under $5,000	340	30,080
$5,000 to $9,999	140	13,160
$10,000 to $14,999	205	19,290
$15,000 to $19,999	420	41,735
$20,000 to $24,999	970	82,340
$25,000 to $29,999	770	63,830
$30,000 to $34,999	820	64,895
$35,000 to $39,999	1,045	75,105
$40,000 to $44,999	1,045	73,975
$45,000 to $49,999	1,040	73,180
$50,000 to $59,999	2,090	144,895
$60,000 to $69,999	2,175	139,140
$70,000 to $79,999	2,270	131,840
$80,000 to $89,999	2,100	122,530
$90,000 to $99,999	2,095	112,775
$100,000 and over	20,540	853,065
$100,000 to $124,999	4,780	235,680
$125,000 to $149,999	3,980	178,970
$150,000 to $199,999	5,620	221,175
$200,000 and over	6,155	217,240
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,060	2,041,835
Under $5,000	410	34,265
$5,000 to $9,999	150	13,550
$10,000 to $14,999	220	19,930
$15,000 to $19,999	430	43,390
$20,000 to $24,999	1,030	86,585
$25,000 to $29,999	875	72,515
$30,000 to $34,999	1,010	74,810
$35,000 to $39,999	1,185	85,940
$40,000 to $44,999	1,185	85,575
$45,000 to $49,999	1,225	85,000
$50,000 to $59,999	2,490	168,315
$60,000 to $69,999	2,565	160,070
$70,000 to $79,999	2,565	149,385
$80,000 to $89,999	2,535	136,615
$90,000 to $99,999	2,470	121,890
$100,000 and over	17,715	704,010
$100,000 to $124,999	5,195	243,560
$125,000 to $149,999	4,250	167,850
$150,000 and over	8,265	292,600
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,365	1,364,485
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000	107,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	95,000
Average family size of economic families	3.3	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,745	562,590
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	93,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	83,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,015	561,965
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	138,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	120,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,495	188,585
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	70,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	65,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,960	878,130
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,375	1,363,860
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	145,200	130,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,900	108,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,805	561,775
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,300	115,100
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	96,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,050	563,000
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	161,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,800	133,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,390	186,930
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,500	83,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,300	73,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,800	875,470
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,480	50,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,280	42,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,270	4,915,940
0 to 17 years	20,410	866,210
0 to 5 years	5,525	264,100
18 to 64 years	65,550	3,085,015
65 years and over	21,310	964,710
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,375	528,870
0 to 17 years	1,640	98,830
0 to 5 years	420	29,460
18 to 64 years	3,905	297,960
65 years and over	1,825	132,075
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.9	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	8.1	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6	11.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	9.7
65 years and over (%)	8.6	13.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,270	4,825,465
0 to 17 years	20,405	848,955
0 to 5 years	5,520	259,060
18 to 64 years	65,550	3,033,655
65 years and over	21,315	942,860
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,305	279,035
0 to 17 years	850	44,480
0 to 5 years	170	11,690
18 to 64 years	2,940	201,000
65 years and over	515	33,555
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	6.6
65 years and over (%)	2.4	3.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,270	4,915,940
In bottom half of the distribution	40,095	2,300,730
In bottom decile	7,220	516,435
In second decile	7,065	444,845
In third decile	7,770	436,965
In fourth decile	8,370	442,745
In fifth decile	9,675	459,740
In top half of the distribution	67,180	2,615,210
In sixth decile	10,900	475,780
In seventh decile	12,125	494,480
In eighth decile	13,290	518,565
In ninth decile	15,275	550,860
In top decile	15,595	575,535
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,270	4,915,940
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313	0.346
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	0.449
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	0.306
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	4.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	107,510	4,951,660
English only	96,290	4,461,290
French only	30	1,785
English and French	6,820	326,865
Neither English nor French	4,365	161,720
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	107,510	4,951,660
English	102,080	4,718,195
French	775	56,495
English and French	370	18,145
Neither English nor French	4,290	158,820
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	107,510	4,951,660
Single responses	102,110	4,761,600
Official languages	65,950	3,382,455
English	65,180	3,325,035
French	770	57,420
Non-official languages	36,165	1,379,145
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5,490
Algonquian languages	5	820
Blackfoot	0	30
Cree-Innu languages	5	630
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	5	620
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	15
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	50
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	170
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	85
Cree, n.o.s.	0	305
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	15
Mi'kmaq	0	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	155
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	15
Ojibway languages	0	135
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	30
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	1,560
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	1,545
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	615
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	90
Dene, n.o.s.	0	70
Gwich'in	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	60
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	20
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	40
Tahltan languages	0	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	5
Tahltan	0	80
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	10
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	35
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	460
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	5
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	110
Tlingit	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Haida	0	40
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	50
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	5
Inuinnaqtun	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	35
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	10
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	5
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	30
Michif	0	25
Salish languages	0	1,080
Halkomelem	0	180
Lillooet	0	100
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	180
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	265
Squamish	0	25
Straits	0	95
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	55
Siouan languages	0	10
Assiniboine	0	5
Dakota	0	5
Stoney	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	1,005
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	575
Nisga'a	0	320
Tsimshian	0	115
Wakashan languages	0	760
Haisla	0	80
Heiltsuk	0	295
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	150
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	215
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	70
Non-Indigenous languages	36,150	1,373,655
Afro-Asiatic languages	585	33,195
Berber languages	5	110
Kabyle	5	70
Tamazight	0	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Chadic languages	0	50
Hausa	0	40
Mina	0	10
Coptic	0	10
Cushitic languages	90	2,005
Bilen	0	30
Oromo	15	310
Somali	80	1,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	75
Semitic languages	490	31,020
Amharic	15	1,620
Arabic	425	22,970
Aramaic languages	5	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	580
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	800
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	125
Harari	0	15
Hebrew	35	2,260
Maltese	5	170
Tigrigna	0	2,455
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	270	34,145
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	1,530
Vietnamese	235	32,560
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	50
Austronesian languages	1,915	104,100
Bikol	5	425
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	1,375
Cebuano	60	3,585
Fijian	20	345
Hiligaynon	30	1,895
Ilocano	105	6,325
Indonesian	40	4,080
Kankanaey	0	200
Kinaray-a	0	125
Malagasy languages	0	35
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	30
Malay	5	365
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	870
Pangasinan	5	395
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,560	82,835
Waray-Waray	20	300
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	945
Creole languages	20	925
Haitian Creole	0	115
Jamaican English Creole	0	40
Krio	0	35
Morisyen	15	375
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	180
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	170
Dravidian languages	535	13,260
Kannada	10	565
Malayalam	295	4,740
Tamil	130	5,055
Telugu	95	2,810
Tulu	0	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Georgian	10	160
Hmong-Mien languages	0	85
Indo-European languages	24,580	657,345
Albanian	30	1,645
Armenian	25	1,350
Balto-Slavic languages	1,305	81,655
Baltic languages	25	1,065
Latvian	15	545
Lithuanian	10	525
Slavic languages	1,280	80,590
Belarusian	5	70
Bulgarian	20	2,025
Czech	100	5,855
Macedonian	0	330
Polish	285	15,810
Russian	410	28,660
Rusyn	0	25
Serbo-Croatian	245	16,425
Bosnian	15	1,655
Croatian	115	6,805
Serbian	115	7,665
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	300
Slovak	65	3,275
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	950
Ukrainian	110	7,120
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Celtic languages	5	415
Irish	0	110
Scottish Gaelic	0	80
Welsh	5	200
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Germanic languages	1,730	84,375
Frisian	5	200
High German languages	1,095	53,255
German	1,070	50,695
Pennsylvania German	0	15
Swiss German	20	2,330
Yiddish	0	215
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	425	23,295
Afrikaans	55	3,700
Dutch	350	17,345
Low German, n.o.s.	5	235
Low Saxon	0	110
Plautdietsch	20	1,580
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	320
Scandinavian languages	215	7,530
Danish	90	3,625
Icelandic	10	215
Norwegian	40	1,520
Swedish	75	2,175
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	95
Greek	255	5,545
Indo-Iranian languages	19,355	368,635
Indo-Aryan languages	18,995	306,465
Assamese	5	75
Bengali	120	4,765
Gujarati	300	8,250
Hindi	1,995	32,390
Kacchi	20	1,195
Kashmiri	5	80
Konkani	5	280
Marathi	10	1,605
Nepali	20	1,725
Oriya languages	5	110
Odia	0	65
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15,790	240,865
Rohingya	0	65
Sindhi	0	285
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	1,935
Urdu	610	12,210
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	40	625
Iranian languages	360	62,135
Baluchi	0	65
Kurdish	40	2,775
Parsi	0	155
Pashto	65	1,365
Persian languages	250	57,700
Dari	90	6,005
Iranian Persian	140	46,395
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5,295
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	75
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	40
Italic (Romance) languages	1,865	113,685
Catalan	0	200
Italian	370	19,805
Portuguese	365	24,320
Romanian	125	8,775
Spanish	1,005	60,465
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	120
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Japanese	310	22,030
Korean	305	59,935
Mongolian	0	435
Niger-Congo languages	65	4,910
Akan (Twi)	10	545
Bamanankan	0	15
Edo	0	75
Éwé	0	110
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	40
Ga	0	50
Ganda	0	160
Gikuyu	0	70
Igbo	5	290
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	295
Lingala	0	90
Luba-Kasai	0	10
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	30
Ndebele	0	50
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	225
Shona	0	355
Soninke	0	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	65
Swahili	20	1,090
Wojenaka	0	10
Wolof	0	50
Yoruba	5	555
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	735
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	420
Dinka	0	105
Nuer	0	50
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	220
African, n.o.s.	0	45
Sign languages	25	1,000
American Sign Language	25	895
Quebec Sign Language	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	105
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,120	419,855
Chinese languages	7,080	417,290
Hakka	60	2,080
Mandarin	4,210	205,205
Min Dong	15	185
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	265	11,780
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	3,200
Yue (Cantonese)	2,445	192,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	2,560
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	135
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	2,485
Burmese	25	1,015
Kuki-Chin languages	0	210
Karenic languages	0	725
S'gaw Karen	0	645
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	85
Tibetan	10	395
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	140
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	75
Tai-Kadai languages	60	4,395
Lao	15	1,100
Thai	40	3,170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	120
Turkic languages	115	6,055
Azerbaijani	0	625
Kazakh	0	115
Turkish	110	4,765
Uyghur	0	240
Uzbek	0	150
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	165
Uralic languages	225	11,275
Estonian	10	575
Finnish	70	3,005
Hungarian	140	7,700
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	130
Multiple responses	5,400	190,055
English and French	320	17,320
English and non-official language(s)	4,505	150,730
French and non-official language(s)	40	2,395
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	2,960
Multiple non-official languages	465	16,645
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	107,510	4,951,660
English	68,130	3,491,395
French	115	11,050
Non-official language	12,095	464,235
Indigenous³⁹	0	645
Non-Indigenous	12,095	463,590
English and French	800	42,645
English and non-official language(s)	24,705	880,090
French and non-official language(s)	30	1,065
English, French and non-official language(s)	555	21,610
Multiple non-official languages	1,085	39,565
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	107,510	4,951,660
Single responses	101,320	4,753,615
Official languages	78,445	3,906,070
English	78,250	3,888,825
French	195	17,245
Non-official languages	22,880	847,550
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	1,215
Algonquian languages	0	130
Blackfoot	0	10
Cree-Innu languages	0	110
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	100
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	20
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	70
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	465
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	460
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	215
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	20
Dene, n.o.s.	0	20
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	15
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	5
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	165
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	30
Tlingit	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Haida	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	15
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	10
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	5
Michif	0	10
Salish languages	0	250
Halkomelem	0	45
Lillooet	0	40
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	30
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	80
Squamish	0	5
Straits	0	30
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Siouan languages	0	15
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	210
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	120
Nisga'a	0	80
Tsimshian	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	65
Haisla	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	20
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	30
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	30
Non-Indigenous languages	22,880	846,335
Afro-Asiatic languages	360	19,805
Berber languages	0	40
Kabyle	0	30
Tamazight	0	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Chadic languages	0	10
Hausa	0	5
Mina	0	5
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	75	1,150
Bilen	0	25
Oromo	0	155
Somali	75	930
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Semitic languages	285	18,605
Amharic	15	765
Arabic	255	13,845
Aramaic languages	5	1,110
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	390
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	600
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	120
Harari	0	20
Hebrew	5	1,030
Maltese	0	5
Tigrigna	0	1,810
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	21,705
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	780
Vietnamese	105	20,890
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	40
Austronesian languages	925	54,720
Bikol	0	130
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	585
Cebuano	30	1,735
Fijian	5	110
Hiligaynon	5	865
Ilocano	65	3,280
Indonesian	5	1,375
Kankanaey	0	105
Kinaray-a	0	55
Malagasy languages	0	15
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	15
Malay	0	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	425
Pangasinan	0	130
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	780	45,380
Waray-Waray	10	115
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	355
Creole languages	10	430
Haitian Creole	0	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	25
Krio	0	20
Morisyen	5	230
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	75
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Dravidian languages	325	8,005
Kannada	5	240
Malayalam	185	2,890
Tamil	55	3,185
Telugu	75	1,645
Tulu	0	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Georgian	0	100
Hmong-Mien languages	0	35
Indo-European languages	15,370	364,340
Albanian	15	690
Armenian	15	675
Balto-Slavic languages	455	33,875
Baltic languages	5	225
Latvian	5	90
Lithuanian	0	135
Slavic languages	450	33,650
Belarusian	0	15
Bulgarian	10	900
Czech	25	1,760
Macedonian	0	125
Polish	85	5,250
Russian	200	16,090
Rusyn	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	90	6,745
Bosnian	10	720
Croatian	15	1,940
Serbian	65	4,010
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	75
Slovak	25	1,040
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	85
Ukrainian	15	1,630
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Celtic languages	0	45
Irish	0	20
Scottish Gaelic	0	5
Welsh	0	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	195	12,280
Frisian	0	10
High German languages	130	7,805
German	125	7,320
Pennsylvania German	0	5
Swiss German	10	480
Yiddish	0	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	3,785
Afrikaans	25	1,725
Dutch	10	1,485
Low German, n.o.s.	0	60
Low Saxon	0	45
Plautdietsch	0	440
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	30
Scandinavian languages	25	670
Danish	10	220
Icelandic	0	50
Norwegian	0	95
Swedish	15	305
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Greek	110	1,915
Indo-Iranian languages	13,860	263,030
Indo-Aryan languages	13,650	220,735
Assamese	0	20
Bengali	70	2,720
Gujarati	155	4,160
Hindi	1,070	17,670
Kacchi	5	455
Kashmiri	0	30
Konkani	0	45
Marathi	5	780
Nepali	5	1,120
Oriya languages	0	40
Odia	0	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	11,885	184,065
Rohingya	0	60
Sindhi	0	130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	940
Urdu	395	8,235
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	265
Iranian languages	205	42,285
Baluchi	0	40
Kurdish	15	1,765
Parsi	0	75
Pashto	50	900
Persian languages	140	39,475
Dari	60	3,690
Iranian Persian	70	32,375
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	3,405
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	730	51,830
Catalan	0	80
Italian	55	4,475
Portuguese	120	12,670
Romanian	45	3,620
Spanish	505	30,960
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Japanese	120	10,220
Korean	185	45,525
Mongolian	0	220
Niger-Congo languages	20	1,485
Akan (Twi)	0	165
Bamanankan	0	5
Edo	0	10
Éwé	0	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	15
Ga	0	15
Ganda	0	30
Gikuyu	0	10
Igbo	0	85
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	105
Lingala	0	25
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	130
Shona	0	65
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	5
Swahili	10	375
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	15
Yoruba	0	160
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	210
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	155
Dinka	0	30
Nuer	0	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	90
African, n.o.s.	0	20
Sign languages	30	1,720
American Sign Language	25	1,390
Quebec Sign Language	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	325
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,300	310,860
Chinese languages	5,275	309,165
Hakka	25	605
Mandarin	3,365	162,130
Min Dong	5	95
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	155	6,285
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	2,010
Yue (Cantonese)	1,655	136,525
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	1,455
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	1,665
Burmese	15	670
Kuki-Chin languages	0	170
Karenic languages	0	530
S'gaw Karen	0	475
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Tibetan	5	240
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Tai-Kadai languages	10	1,570
Lao	0	500
Thai	10	1,010
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Turkic languages	55	3,030
Azerbaijani	0	295
Kazakh	0	15
Turkish	55	2,500
Uyghur	0	125
Uzbek	0	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Uralic languages	35	2,375
Estonian	0	65
Finnish	15	500
Hungarian	25	1,815
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Multiple responses	6,185	198,040
English and French	125	7,210
English and non-official language(s)	5,885	183,010
French and non-official language(s)	10	535
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	1,525
Multiple non-official languages	125	5,760
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	107,510	4,951,660
None	85,295	4,130,200
English	8,225	304,845
French	755	34,575
Non-official language	10,045	379,250
Indigenous³⁹	10	5,140
Non-Indigenous	10,040	374,105
English and French	50	2,740
English and non-official language(s)	1,600	46,940
French and non-official language(s)	300	11,880
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	655
Multiple non-official languages	1,230	40,580
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,270	4,915,940
Official languages	102,875	4,754,865
English	102,845	4,753,275
French	6,850	327,350
Non-official languages	46,775	1,780,325
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	16,560
Algonquian languages	15	1,985
Blackfoot	0	60
Cree-Innu languages	15	1,450
Atikamekw	0	15
Cree languages	15	1,425
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	95
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	435
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	160
Cree, n.o.s.	10	745
Innu (Montagnais)	0	10
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	65
Mi'kmaq	0	60
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	440
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	25
Ojibway languages	0	400
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	80
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	50
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	275
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Athabaskan languages	0	3,540
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	3,490
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	1,530
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	205
Dene, n.o.s.	0	205
Gwich'in	0	15
Slavey-Hare languages	0	85
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	25
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	55
Tahltan languages	0	235
Kaska (Nahani)	0	20
Tahltan	0	220
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	15
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	135
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	855
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	25
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	15
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	245
Tlingit	0	35
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Haida	0	225
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	205
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	35
Inuinnaqtun	0	30
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	175
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Iroquoian languages	0	100
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	90
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	190
Michif	0	240
Salish languages	0	5,145
Halkomelem	0	1,400
Lillooet	0	590
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	465
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	1,060
Squamish	0	345
Straits	0	315
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	690
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	325
Siouan languages	0	100
Assiniboine	0	15
Dakota	0	30
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Tsimshian languages	10	2,610
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	1,120
Nisga'a	0	1,080
Tsimshian	0	455
Wakashan languages	0	2,145
Haisla	0	285
Heiltsuk	0	330
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	790
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	685
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	355
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	285
Non-Indigenous languages	46,730	1,764,475
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,105	50,895
Berber languages	0	235
Kabyle	0	140
Tamazight	0	65
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Chadic languages	0	315
Hausa	0	285
Mina	0	25
Coptic	0	60
Cushitic languages	200	2,745
Bilen	0	30
Oromo	0	500
Somali	195	2,215
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Semitic languages	920	48,405
Amharic	60	3,100
Arabic	715	35,595
Aramaic languages	40	2,270
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	895
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	1,050
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	380
Harari	0	20
Hebrew	130	6,995
Maltese	10	270
Tigrigna	0	3,435
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Austro-Asiatic languages	390	44,030
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	2,210
Vietnamese	320	41,975
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	65
Austronesian languages	2,980	148,455
Bikol	10	810
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	1,655
Cebuano	75	5,995
Fijian	30	1,020
Hiligaynon	45	3,135
Ilocano	260	11,285
Indonesian	85	6,810
Kankanaey	0	330
Kinaray-a	0	200
Malagasy languages	0	100
Merina	0	20
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	85
Malay	70	3,485
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	1,550
Pangasinan	0	925
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,685	133,780
Waray-Waray	15	865
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	3,590
Creole languages	90	3,230
Haitian Creole	0	470
Jamaican English Creole	0	265
Krio	0	160
Morisyen	45	1,070
Sango	0	15
Creole, n.o.s.	30	835
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	555
Dravidian languages	665	20,585
Kannada	25	1,615
Malayalam	390	6,765
Tamil	220	9,740
Telugu	95	4,860
Tulu	0	205
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Georgian	0	240
Hmong-Mien languages	0	160
Indo-European languages	32,685	906,560
Albanian	50	2,195
Armenian	30	1,600
Balto-Slavic languages	1,605	101,395
Baltic languages	40	1,480
Latvian	15	730
Lithuanian	30	750
Slavic languages	1,570	100,340
Belarusian	15	330
Bulgarian	45	2,475
Czech	125	7,935
Macedonian	0	505
Polish	335	19,640
Russian	565	42,390
Rusyn	0	45
Serbo-Croatian	335	21,625
Bosnian	25	3,150
Croatian	175	11,060
Serbian	180	11,070
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	480
Slovak	90	4,315
Slovene (Slovenian)	70	1,280
Ukrainian	225	12,205
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	70
Celtic languages	25	2,675
Irish	10	1,665
Scottish Gaelic	0	260
Welsh	0	610
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	160
Germanic languages	2,590	128,605
Frisian	0	375
High German languages	1,730	86,275
German	1,725	84,325
Pennsylvania German	0	25
Swiss German	20	3,030
Yiddish	0	480
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	630	34,480
Afrikaans	190	9,755
Dutch	430	22,380
Low German, n.o.s.	0	345
Low Saxon	0	55
Plautdietsch	20	2,180
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	405
Scandinavian languages	310	12,425
Danish	110	4,950
Icelandic	0	330
Norwegian	60	3,125
Swedish	130	4,730
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	210
Greek	345	9,005
Indo-Iranian languages	25,175	477,485
Indo-Aryan languages	24,835	406,375
Assamese	0	100
Bengali	135	6,565
Gujarati	480	14,340
Hindi	8,065	134,950
Kacchi	65	2,925
Kashmiri	0	185
Konkani	50	775
Marathi	85	3,555
Nepali	20	2,445
Oriya languages	0	180
Odia	0	95
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	85
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20,805	315,000
Rohingya	0	55
Sindhi	15	645
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	3,440
Urdu	1,450	25,780
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	75	1,645
Iranian languages	465	73,745
Baluchi	0	155
Kurdish	50	3,875
Parsi	0	290
Pashto	135	2,645
Persian languages	290	68,960
Dari	120	8,235
Iranian Persian	155	55,745
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	5,780
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	200
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	210
Italic (Romance) languages	3,455	211,725
Catalan	0	565
Italian	625	36,370
Portuguese	445	33,005
Romanian	180	11,210
Spanish	2,365	143,900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	655
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	320
Japanese	525	41,835
Korean	320	69,935
Mongolian	0	565
Niger-Congo languages	195	13,290
Akan (Twi)	15	1,365
Bamanankan	0	65
Edo	0	175
Éwé	0	290
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	85
Ga	0	215
Ganda	0	415
Gikuyu	0	130
Igbo	10	980
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	605
Lingala	0	475
Luba-Kasai	0	60
Mòoré	0	15
Mwani	0	10
Ndebele	0	190
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	335
Shona	0	725
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	105
Swahili	105	5,205
Wojenaka	0	25
Wolof	0	165
Yoruba	35	1,815
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	2,275
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	670
Dinka	0	115
Nuer	0	60
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	490
African, n.o.s.	0	130
Sign languages	130	7,965
American Sign Language	130	7,020
Quebec Sign Language	0	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	1,105
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,360	491,660
Chinese languages	8,325	488,465
Hakka	150	3,615
Mandarin	6,150	312,625
Min Dong	15	215
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	495	24,065
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	4,760
Yue (Cantonese)	3,405	246,045
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	2,215
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	255
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	3,375
Burmese	40	1,730
Kuki-Chin languages	0	295
Karenic languages	0	770
S'gaw Karen	0	705
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	85
Tibetan	0	590
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	275
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	215
Tai-Kadai languages	100	6,725
Lao	10	1,635
Thai	90	5,310
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	170
Turkic languages	175	10,910
Azerbaijani	0	1,665
Kazakh	0	230
Turkish	170	9,230
Uyghur	0	235
Uzbek	0	275
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	295
Uralic languages	250	13,510
Estonian	10	695
Finnish	100	3,635
Hungarian	145	9,230
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	585
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,270	4,915,945
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,180	290,210
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,005	279,670
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,665	180,085
Métis	1,310	97,860
Inuk (Inuit)	35	1,720
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	100	5,980
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	4,560
Non-Indigenous identity	104,095	4,625,735
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,270	4,915,945
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	940	136,875
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,330	4,779,065
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,055	2,041,835
Owner	28,785	1,363,190
Renter	9,275	669,450
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	9,190
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,055	2,041,835
Condominium	5,385	482,755
Not condominium	32,670	1,559,075
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,055	2,041,835
No bedrooms	180	30,855
1 bedroom	3,555	354,020
2 bedrooms	7,140	569,180
3 bedrooms	12,065	539,910
4 or more bedrooms	15,115	547,870
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,055	2,041,835
1 to 4 rooms	9,050	766,380
5 rooms	4,580	300,895
6 rooms	5,155	248,045
7 rooms	5,085	205,105
8 or more rooms	14,185	521,410
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	5.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,055	2,041,835
One person or fewer per room	36,755	1,984,655
More than one person per room	1,300	57,180
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,055	2,041,835
Suitable	35,620	1,919,140
Not suitable	2,435	122,700
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,055	2,041,835
1960 or before	2,680	256,175
1961 to 1980	17,735	550,690
1981 to 1990	6,270	289,940
1991 to 2000	4,375	336,315
2001 to 2005	945	122,855
2006 to 2010	1,480	164,165
2011 to 2015	1,695	135,725
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,890	185,965
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,055	2,041,835
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,110	1,922,640
Major repairs needed	1,945	119,195
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,055	2,041,835
One-maintainer household	15,465	1,003,245
Two-maintainer household	19,230	904,960
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,365	133,630
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,055	2,041,835
15 to 24 years	735	57,980
25 to 34 years	3,090	282,195
35 to 44 years	5,900	343,380
45 to 54 years	7,590	354,340
55 to 64 years	8,710	407,735
65 to 74 years	6,755	347,335
75 to 84 years	4,055	182,155
85 years and over	1,215	66,710
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,860	1,988,210
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,605	1,481,365
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,255	506,850
30% to less than 100%	7,320	434,390
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,055	2,041,830
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,540	683,985
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,295	451,550
Not suitable only	1,885	89,300
Major repairs needed only	1,290	80,200
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	415	23,945
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	520	29,585
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	7,640
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	1,770
Acceptable housing	26,520	1,357,845
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,925	1,915,755
In core need	4,155	257,090
Not in core need	32,770	1,658,665
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,705	1,330,795
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.5	57.5
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.2	19.3
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4	8.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490	1,320
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,802	1,668
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,190,000	785,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,171,000	983,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,255	663,870
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.3	11.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.2	37.8
% in core housing need⁶³	23.6	24.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	1,370
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,606	1,494
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	9,190
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	11.4
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	368
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	446
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,270	4,915,940
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	705	120,245
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	680	118,210
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	455	100,805
Métis single ancestry	200	16,830
Inuit single ancestry	20	570
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	2,040
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	1,870
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	70
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	35
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,820	191,640
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,740	184,975
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,820	123,735
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	905	59,905
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	1,330
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	6,665
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	6,390
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	170
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	20
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	103,750	4,604,055
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,270	4,915,940
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	93,845	4,359,045
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,050	812,305
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,800	3,546,745
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	13,420	556,895
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,270	4,915,940
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	67,960	3,319,230
Immigrants⁸¹	35,555	1,425,710
Before 1980	7,290	280,160
1980 to 1990	3,930	164,445
1991 to 2000	8,040	299,115
2001 to 2010	8,340	316,915
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,960	365,075
2011 to 2015	3,640	167,650
2016 to 2021	4,325	197,425
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,750	171,000
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	35,555	1,425,715
Under 5 years	2,740	117,555
5 to 14 years	5,175	226,910
15 to 24 years	8,270	275,435
25 to 44 years	14,810	639,200
45 years and over	4,560	166,605
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	35,555	1,425,715
Americas	2,250	126,075
Brazil	90	8,765
Colombia	105	5,450
El Salvador	155	5,770
Guyana	40	1,400
Haiti	0	490
Jamaica	75	4,295
Mexico	145	13,385
Peru	55	3,510
Trinidad and Tobago	85	2,725
United States of America	950	59,920
Other places of birth in Americas	540	20,355
Europe	6,470	307,495
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	4,510
Croatia	90	5,390
France	95	7,025
Germany	665	30,910
Greece	155	3,350
Hungary	60	5,115
Italy	215	13,410
Netherlands	320	16,070
Poland	255	14,305
Portugal	165	7,785
Romania	150	9,370
Russian Federation	110	12,170
Serbia⁸⁶	60	4,565
Ukraine	215	9,450
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,955	116,525
Other places of birth in Europe	905	47,545
Africa	1,110	53,330
Algeria	0	510
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	1,005
Egypt	55	3,310
Eritrea	0	2,485
Ethiopia	80	2,590
Morocco	20	1,270
Nigeria	45	3,585
Somalia	95	1,240
South Africa, Republic of	365	15,380
Other places of birth in Africa	450	21,955
Asia	24,280	905,585
Afghanistan	95	6,245
Iran⁸⁸	130	45,970
Iraq	100	7,000
Lebanon	45	2,455
Syria⁸⁹	255	6,545
Turkey	100	3,095
China⁹⁰	3,820	217,970
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,100	78,855
Korea, South⁹²	195	47,520
Taiwan	1,095	40,445
Philippines	2,680	131,645
Viet Nam	235	32,390
Bangladesh	75	3,035
India	12,375	197,115
Pakistan	775	13,345
Sri Lanka	125	5,375
Other places of birth in Asia	1,090	66,580
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,450	33,225
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,320	197,420
Americas	270	22,835
Brazil	35	5,130
Colombia	0	1,075
Haiti	0	35
Jamaica	0	1,005
Mexico	35	3,045
United States of America	135	8,760
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	530
Other places of birth in Americas	35	3,265
Europe	230	25,290
France	0	1,730
Germany	10	1,380
Ireland⁹⁶	10	2,420
Italy	25	995
Russian Federation	0	2,075
Ukraine	35	1,935
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	7,675
Other places of birth in Europe	60	7,090
Africa	190	10,465
Algeria	0	65
Burundi	0	110
Cameroon	0	120
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	340
Côte d'Ivoire	0	40
Egypt	0	610
Eritrea	0	1,515
Ethiopia	15	620
Morocco	0	275
Nigeria	20	1,770
Somalia	70	255
South Africa, Republic of	35	1,965
Sudan⁹⁷	0	235
Tunisia	0	115
Other places of birth in Africa	30	2,420
Asia	3,585	134,395
Afghanistan	40	1,325
Bangladesh	10	655
China⁹⁰	540	31,450
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	2,515
India	2,025	39,390
Iran⁸⁸	20	5,850
Iraq	0	1,545
Israel	0	605
Japan	0	2,090
Jordan	0	395
Korea, South⁹²	0	7,220
Lebanon	15	395
Nepal	0	405
Pakistan	95	2,390
Philippines	350	21,220
Saudi Arabia	0	565
Sri Lanka	0	710
Syria⁸⁹	235	4,955
Turkey	70	1,025
United Arab Emirates	50	620
Viet Nam	10	2,845
Other places of birth in Asia	60	6,215
Oceania and other⁹³	50	4,440
Australia	15	3,280
Other places of birth⁹⁸	35	1,160
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,270	4,915,940
First generation¹⁰⁰	40,525	1,657,625
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,070	1,068,600
Third generation or more¹⁰²	38,680	2,189,720
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	28,270	1,145,550
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,575	661,395
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,710	273,695
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,875	387,700
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,370	372,185
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,095	97,720
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	225	14,250
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	28,270	1,145,550
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	720	27,320
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,415	138,760
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	620	40,690
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,440	71,860
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105	5,145
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	22,970	861,775
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,270	4,915,945
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	48,625	1,689,490
South Asian	27,990	473,965
Chinese	9,660	550,590
Black	1,095	61,760
Filipino	3,700	174,280
Arab	625	28,010
Latin American	1,035	65,970
Southeast Asian	720	71,785
West Asian	265	69,270
Korean	410	72,815
Japanese	970	44,120
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	575	18,080
Multiple visible minorities	1,565	58,840
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	58,645	3,226,450
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,270	4,915,940
Canadian	9,000	459,320
English	21,440	1,019,250
Irish	12,505	627,920
Scottish	16,065	774,455
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,390	312,750
German	9,620	539,145
Chinese	9,085	517,805
Italian	3,230	162,485
Indian (India)	15,620	275,975
Ukrainian	3,715	210,100
Dutch	3,820	189,985
Polish	2,615	134,635
Québécois	70	6,240
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,395	191,025
Filipino	3,935	172,915
French Canadian	565	39,930
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,205	82,175
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,120	105,005
Métis	1,205	85,205
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,785	102,475
Russian	2,000	121,755
Norwegian	2,690	137,170
Welsh	2,325	104,225
Portuguese	930	39,755
American	1,435	71,530
Spanish	990	54,365
Swedish	2,055	103,630
Hungarian	950	51,915
Acadian	110	7,025
Pakistani	1,010	19,050
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	350	18,520
Jewish	640	34,395
Punjabi	6,055	93,395
Vietnamese	475	51,890
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	310	12,590
Greek	710	23,300
Jamaican	255	9,865
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	955	47,650
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	275	24,875
Korean	430	72,025
Romanian	600	30,195
Lebanese	180	8,440
Iranian	205	49,390
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	295	13,865
Danish	1,115	54,865
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	275	24,140
Sikh	4,790	69,100
Austrian	880	45,280
Belgian	335	19,505
Haitian	15	1,215
Hindu	965	19,405
Mexican	405	28,445
Mennonite	280	20,925
Swiss	440	28,520
Finnish	695	33,680
Sri Lankan	185	6,440
Croatian	540	23,750
Japanese	1,260	54,640
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	835	20,125
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	65	4,840
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	500	30,950
Muslim	260	8,220
Egyptian	105	5,810
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	180	11,730
Tamil	110	3,380
Icelandic	550	25,910
Colombian	75	7,315
Moroccan	40	2,020
Czech	430	22,425
Syrian	240	6,550
Guyanese	110	2,420
Afghan	135	9,605
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	4,515
Serbian	235	12,660
Ojibway	55	5,145
Newfoundlander	60	4,530
Hong Konger	435	30,020
Ontarian	25	3,315
Persian	140	19,155
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	4,120
Turkish	135	8,070
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	2,120
Bangladeshi	45	3,740
Algerian	10	915
Brazilian	120	12,435
Nigerian	55	4,110
Armenian	115	4,040
Slovak	230	11,565
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	260	11,810
Somali	175	2,665
Taiwanese	950	37,530
Iraqi	35	4,590
Salvadorean	205	6,580
African Caribbean	0	1,640
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	335	10,735
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55	5,140
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	85	2,715
Algonquin	20	1,880
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	100	1,855
Lithuanian	130	7,330
South African	315	13,965
Australian	515	18,505
Palestinian	40	2,750
Chilean	115	6,220
Congolese	35	1,500
Nova Scotian	50	2,015
Ethiopian	70	2,720
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	5,295
Peruvian	85	4,260
Yoruba	0	1,350
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	3,350
Berber	0	605
Albanian	55	2,455
Maltese	45	2,750
Macedonian	10	1,235
Slovenian	245	5,340
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	220	7,865
New Brunswicker	10	875
Gujarati	75	2,670
Eritrean	0	2,245
African Canadian	15	1,535
Israeli	70	3,645
Mohawk	35	2,355
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	110	6,545
Bulgarian	55	3,720
Albertan	30	3,430
Ghanaian	25	1,670
Barbadian	90	1,950
African American	100	4,500
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	5,580
Tunisian	20	550
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	5,285
Cuban	60	1,770
Bosnian	25	3,785
Venezuelan	15	1,835
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	180
Latvian	100	4,860
Bengali	25	1,370
Cameroonian	0	335
Guatemalan	90	2,415
Indonesian	195	8,440
Laotian	55	2,485
Ilocano	155	4,765
Northern Irish	65	4,550
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	5,445
British Columbian	320	20,450
Ecuadorian	0	1,135
Franco Ontarian	0	360
Argentinian	50	2,625
Estonian	65	4,695
Kurdish	45	3,375
Fijian	1,295	16,120
Jatt	635	8,370
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	2,695
Coptic	0	760
Thai	80	5,745
Dominican	20	860
Nepali	40	2,305
Kabyle	0	75
Assyrian	15	695
Igbo	0	890
Byelorussian	90	2,610
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	1,025
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	2,015
Abenaki	0	215
Moldovan	20	1,415
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	1,285
New Zealander	150	7,840
Sudanese	0	945
Breton	0	365
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	1,655
Malaysian	105	5,420
Plains Cree	0	715
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	780
Huron (Wendat)	0	390
Saskatchewanian	70	2,890
Buddhist	85	2,950
Gaspesian	0	90
Norman	10	745
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	1,830
Ivorian	0	135
Saulteaux	15	845
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	935
Burundian	0	380
Tigrinya	0	1,145
Nicaraguan	80	1,890
Mauritian	35	1,160
Kenyan	55	2,215
Oji-Cree	0	250
Vincentian	0	345
Jordanian	20	925
Manitoban	55	1,760
Cape Bretoner	15	420
Rwandan	35	635
Grenadian	0	350
Malayali	70	980
Chaldean	0	850
Sinhalese	30	1,285
Mayan	65	1,855
Honduran	20	1,500
Cherokee	40	2,920
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	150
Indo-Caribbean	0	385
Flemish	65	1,540
United Empire Loyalist	15	905
Senegalese	0	105
Azerbaijani	0	1,400
Sicilian	0	935
Pashtun	50	945
Malay	95	2,625
Goan	50	750
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	320
Tibetan	0	715
Zimbabwean	0	1,240
Burmese	35	2,225
Mongolian	40	1,955
Azorean	20	380
Atikamekw	0	0
Bamileke	0	55
Indo-Guyanese	0	75
Ugandan	20	1,145
Oromo	0	575
Tanzanian	30	945
Yemeni	10	420
Central African	0	35
Libyan	0	650
Basque	20	1,165
Uruguayan	0	515
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	405
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	655
Igorot	50	1,330
Fulani	0	85
Woodland Cree	0	105
Guinean	0	135
St. Lucian	0	180
Prince Edward Islander	25	280
Maliseet	0	100
Beninese	0	100
Telugu	20	615
Roma	0	1,205
Costa Rican	30	1,075
African Nova Scotian	0	145
Malagasy	0	110
Kashmiri	0	545
Singaporean	0	2,630
Karen	0	980
Edo	0	205
Tajik	0	665
Amhara	0	305
Paraguayan	40	1,095
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,270	4,915,945
Buddhist	1,450	83,860
Christian	35,025	1,684,870
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,585	434,920
Anabaptist	470	21,275
Anglican	3,800	137,485
Baptist	1,540	57,265
Catholic	12,870	588,140
Christian Orthodox	905	45,135
Jehovah's Witness	360	25,715
Latter Day Saints	225	12,875
Lutheran	1,165	46,395
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	7,290
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	430	41,140
Presbyterian	465	28,040
Reformed	160	12,455
United Church	3,120	129,000
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,875	97,745
Hindu	4,195	81,320
Jewish	475	26,850
Muslim	3,265	125,915
Sikh	19,235	290,870
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	11,570
Other religions and spiritual traditions	610	51,440
No religion and secular perspectives	42,990	2,559,250
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	106,525	4,875,955
Non-movers	94,185	4,169,710
Movers	12,340	706,245
Non-migrants	6,090	395,215
Migrants	6,250	311,030
Internal migrants	5,250	251,245
Intraprovincial migrants	4,655	187,990
Interprovincial migrants	600	63,250
External migrants	995	59,785
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,830	4,699,740
Non-movers	64,575	2,639,500
Movers	38,255	2,060,245
Non-migrants	12,745	757,040
Migrants	25,510	1,303,200
Internal migrants	19,185	1,016,025
Intraprovincial migrants	17,030	799,455
Interprovincial migrants	2,155	216,565
External migrants	6,325	287,175
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,860	4,200,425
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,385	643,330
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,470	3,557,095
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,210	2,691,860
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,825	259,010
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,385	2,432,850
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,860	4,200,425
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,250	565,665
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,345	1,238,000
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,260	2,396,755
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,685	1,197,050
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,205	323,635
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,615	133,020
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,590	190,615
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,800	711,810
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,685	161,600
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,575	1,199,710
Bachelor's degree	15,445	775,145
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,855	84,000
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	440	32,985
Master's degree	5,245	264,145
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	585	43,440
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,215	2,691,860
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,160	216,660
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,535	694,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,520	1,780,415
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,430	838,680
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,170	217,350
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,845	88,765
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,325	128,590
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,840	507,405
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,410	113,915
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,085	941,735
Bachelor's degree	11,855	610,735
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,370	63,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	290	24,675
Master's degree	4,170	212,745
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400	30,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,855	4,200,425
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,595	1,803,665
Education	3,705	158,060
13. Education	3,705	158,060
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,930	109,100
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	380	13,390
50. Visual and performing arts	1,555	95,715
Humanities	3,670	143,340
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410	16,850
23. English language and literature/letters	740	35,465
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,715	48,620
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	2,860
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	7,705
39. Theology and religious vocations	230	12,220
54. History	310	16,035
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	3,580
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,590	288,970
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	5,140
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	590	31,375
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	760	39,140
22. Legal professions and studies	815	44,255
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	6,625
42. Psychology	1,025	52,080
45. Social sciences	2,245	110,350
Business, management and public administration	10,560	493,290
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	645
44. Public administration and social service professions	430	30,855
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,120	461,790
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,100	106,515
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	785	44,910
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	695	25,655
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	1,880
40. Physical sciences	510	30,600
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	3,470
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,095	105,555
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,725	83,795
25. Library science	95	6,145
27. Mathematics and statistics	245	13,030
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	2,580
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,385	458,590
04. Architecture and related services	305	19,025
14. Engineering	2,440	119,995
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,860	83,585
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	115
46. Construction trades	2,130	104,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,700	86,325
48. Precision production	950	45,110
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	810	60,510
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	550	31,920
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	28,595
Health and related fields	6,870	350,930
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	645	27,000
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,115	312,980
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	725
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	10,230
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,520	121,210
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,430	76,425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	505
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	1,025
43. Security and protective services	350	15,820
49. Transportation and materials moving	715	27,425
Other¹⁷⁹	20	685
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,210	2,691,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,695	911,450
Education	2,350	99,640
13. Education	2,350	99,640
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,400	85,350
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235	9,815
50. Visual and performing arts	1,165	75,530
Humanities	2,585	103,360
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	295	12,735
23. English language and literature/letters	570	25,770
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,160	35,310
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	5,780
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	7,845
54. History	205	11,615
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	2,410
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,260	226,805
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	4,220
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	505	26,730
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	555	29,960
22. Legal professions and studies	630	34,935
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	5,150
42. Psychology	735	39,250
45. Social sciences	1,715	86,555
Business, management and public administration	7,730	379,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	445
44. Public administration and social service professions	305	22,625
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,425	356,415
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,385	77,340
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520	33,945
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	495	18,520
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	1,545
40. Physical sciences	305	21,390
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	1,935
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,690	87,185
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,470	72,700
25. Library science	60	3,600
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	8,865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	2,010
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,630	327,735
04. Architecture and related services	215	14,690
14. Engineering	1,820	93,760
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,260	57,590
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	100
46. Construction trades	1,595	74,045
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,145	57,950
48. Precision production	605	29,605
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	610	45,705
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	390	23,700
03. Natural resources and conservation	215	22,005
Health and related fields	5,075	258,665
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	470	20,980
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,545	229,855
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	580
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	7,245
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,790	88,615
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,010	56,165
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	305
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	450
43. Security and protective services	270	12,270
49. Transportation and materials moving	485	19,425
Other¹⁷⁹	15	535
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,210	2,691,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,695	911,450
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,520	1,780,415
Location of study inside Canada	25,605	1,316,405
Same as province or territory of residence	22,090	1,029,000
Different than province or territory of residence	3,515	287,405
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	9,915	464,010
Americas	1,145	84,155
United States of America	915	57,255
Mexico	65	8,850
Cuba	0	310
Haiti	0	20
Jamaica	0	655
Brazil	60	8,395
Colombia	20	2,315
Peru	10	945
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	815
Other locations of study in Americas	75	4,590
Europe	1,430	92,195
Belgium	0	755
France	45	5,075
Germany	90	5,805
Netherlands	30	2,315
Switzerland	15	1,915
Hungary	10	945
Moldova¹⁸³	15	455
Poland	65	2,960
Romania	75	3,515
Russian Federation	100	5,880
Ukraine	95	4,345
Ireland⁹⁶	40	5,665
United Kingdom⁸⁷	685	38,270
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	840
Italy	0	1,610
Serbia⁸⁶	10	1,565
Other locations of study in Europe	145	10,275
Africa	195	12,250
Nigeria	40	1,315
Algeria	0	130
Morocco	0	470
Tunisia	0	160
Egypt	25	1,490
South Africa, Republic of	70	5,860
Other locations of study in Africa	65	2,825
Asia	6,870	258,905
Iran⁸⁸	35	16,325
Iraq	20	1,465
Israel	25	1,345
Lebanon	0	550
Syria⁸⁹	10	805
Turkey	25	1,680
China⁹⁰	1,305	59,350
Taiwan	260	8,905
Hong Kong⁹¹	145	7,025
Japan	65	8,185
Korea, South⁹²	75	19,605
Philippines	1,085	55,140
Viet Nam	15	2,145
Bangladesh	20	1,135
Sri Lanka	15	975
India	3,450	60,565
Pakistan	185	3,935
Other locations of study in Asia	135	9,780
Oceania	275	16,505
Australia	165	12,315
New Zealand	45	3,340
Other locations of study in Oceania	65	855
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,860	4,200,425
In the labour force	58,010	2,657,275
Employed	53,760	2,433,600
Unemployed	4,255	223,675
Not in the labour force	32,845	1,543,145
Participation rate	63.8	63.3
Employment rate	59.2	57.9
Unemployment rate	7.3	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,855	4,200,425
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,725	1,563,830
Worked	57,130	2,636,595
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,875	1,350,335
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,260	1,286,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,010	2,657,275
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	54,165
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,940	2,603,110
Employee	47,790	2,144,475
Permanent position	40,540	1,788,175
Temporary position	7,255	356,305
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,160	116,190
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,095	240,110
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,145	458,635
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,010	2,657,275
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	54,165
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,940	2,603,110
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	730	32,255
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,185	446,160
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,830	209,185
3 Health occupations	3,725	199,185
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,595	309,360
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,965	110,585
6 Sales and service occupations	14,115	666,705
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,560	469,450
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,180	72,075
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,045	88,155
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,010	2,657,275
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	54,165
All industries¹⁹¹	56,940	2,603,110
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	800	60,320
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	24,955
22 Utilities	325	14,820
23 Construction	5,440	234,345
31-33 Manufacturing	3,930	152,790
41 Wholesale trade	2,160	80,165
44-45 Retail trade	6,550	301,060
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,605	142,230
51 Information and cultural industries	1,315	71,295
52 Finance and insurance	2,400	95,560
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,065	59,155
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,555	238,650
55 Management of companies and enterprises	115	5,785
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,420	110,215
61 Educational services	4,505	192,855
62 Health care and social assistance	5,955	319,525
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,270	60,775
72 Accommodation and food services	3,235	182,105
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,250	113,780
91 Public administration	2,910	142,730
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,075	2,855,890
English	55,420	2,617,625
French	70	3,090
Non-official language	1,260	52,925
Indigenous³⁹	0	140
Non-Indigenous	1,260	52,790
English and French	350	21,550
English and non-official language(s)	4,865	154,255
French and non-official language(s)	0	80
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	2,520
Multiple non-official languages	65	3,840
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,075	2,855,890
Single responses	60,820	2,820,225
Official languages	58,555	2,726,710
English	58,450	2,720,275
French	105	6,430
Non-official languages	2,260	93,520
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	290
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	55
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	55
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	20
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	30
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	10
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	125
Halkomelem	0	35
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	30
Squamish	0	10
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	20
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	40
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	20
Nisga'a	0	10
Tsimshian	0	15
Wakashan languages	0	40
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,260	93,230
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	520
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	10
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	0	500
Amharic	0	20
Arabic	0	355
Aramaic languages	0	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	0	60
Tigrigna	0	45
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	2,720
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	30
Vietnamese	0	2,695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	855
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	20
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	40
Indonesian	0	85
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	680
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	75
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	15
Tamil	0	55
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,455	30,820
Albanian	0	20
Armenian	0	20
Balto-Slavic languages	0	915
Baltic languages	0	15
Latvian	0	15
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	0	900
Bulgarian	0	10
Czech	0	25
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	0	85
Russian	0	645
Serbo-Croatian	0	90
Bosnian	0	10
Croatian	0	10
Serbian	0	75
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	680
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	0	450
German	0	400
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	50
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	195
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	85
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	105
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	35
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	20
Swedish	0	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	50
Indo-Iranian languages	1,420	25,450
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	23,425
Bengali	0	10
Gujarati	0	10
Hindi	45	555
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,355	22,730
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	100
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	15	2,020
Kurdish	0	25
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	15	1,985
Dari	0	110
Iranian Persian	0	1,710
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	170
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	3,675
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	120
Portuguese	0	555
Romanian	0	60
Spanish	35	2,940
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	15	2,015
Korean	0	6,855
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	15	300
American Sign Language	15	285
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	710	48,730
Chinese languages	700	48,670
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	510	28,465
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	235
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	15
Yue (Cantonese)	190	19,865
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	60
Burmese	0	30
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	205
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	200
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	60
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	0	55
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	50
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	20
Hungarian	0	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	1,255	35,660
English and French	30	2,470
English and non-official language(s)	1,200	32,195
French and non-official language(s)	0	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	130
Multiple non-official languages	20	825
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,075	2,855,890
None	57,810	2,703,945
English	875	36,055
French	295	16,140
Non-official language	2,410	79,300
Indigenous³⁹	0	1,320
Non-Indigenous	2,410	77,980
English and French	0	70
English and non-official language(s)	120	4,745
French and non-official language(s)	25	1,945
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	535	13,685
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,760	2,433,600
Worked at home	10,440	549,845
Worked outside Canada	200	10,065
No fixed workplace address	9,210	373,475
Usual place of work	33,905	1,500,215
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,905	1,500,215
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,095	774,620
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,360	638,825
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	390	77,845
Commute to a different province or territory	55	8,920
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,115	1,873,690
Car, truck or van	36,205	1,497,765
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,240	1,376,410
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,960	121,350
Public transit	4,045	174,045
Walked	1,565	121,550
Bicycle	410	36,790
Other method	890	43,535
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,115	1,873,690
Less than 15 minutes	9,725	595,470
15 to 29 minutes	14,195	637,130
30 to 44 minutes	11,830	369,645
45 to 59 minutes	4,095	137,115
60 minutes and over	3,265	134,330
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,115	1,873,690
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,480	125,470
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,650	298,120
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,725	449,315
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,305	418,635
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,765	303,745
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,195	278,405
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,935	884,130
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,205	55,575
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,730	828,550
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,090	651,050
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,000	43,010
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550	23,960
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	450	19,050
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,090	608,040

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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