Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Delta, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	108,455
Population, 2016¹	102,238
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.1
Total private dwellings²	39,736
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,058
Population density per square kilometre	603.7
Land area in square kilometres	179.66
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	108,455
0 to 14 years	16,425
0 to 4 years	4,505
5 to 9 years	5,520
10 to 14 years	6,400
15 to 64 years	69,755
15 to 19 years	6,825
20 to 24 years	7,525
25 to 29 years	6,140
30 to 34 years	5,640
35 to 39 years	6,510
40 to 44 years	6,655
45 to 49 years	6,950
50 to 54 years	7,750
55 to 59 years	8,010
60 to 64 years	7,750
65 years and over	22,275
65 to 69 years	6,600
70 to 74 years	6,015
75 to 79 years	4,310
80 to 84 years	2,770
85 years and over	2,575
85 to 89 years	1,635
90 to 94 years	720
95 to 99 years	195
100 years and over	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1
15 to 64 years	64.3
65 years and over	20.5
85 years and over	2.4
Average age of the population	42.9
Median age of the population	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,055
Single-detached house	21,130
Semi-detached house	1,120
Row house	2,115
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,320
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,550
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	625
Other single-attached house	30
Movable dwelling⁴	165
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,060
1 person	7,790
2 persons	12,065
3 persons	6,270
4 persons	6,880
5 or more persons	5,055
Number of persons in private households	107,270
Average household size	2.8
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,030
Married or living common-law	55,570
Married	50,125
Living common-law	5,440
Living common law - Never married	3,520
Living common law - Separated	275
Living common law - Divorced	1,495
Living common law - Widowed	150
Not married and not living common-law	36,465
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,770
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,975
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,720
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,005
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,940
2 persons	14,270
3 persons	6,720
4 persons	7,465
5 or more persons	2,480
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,935
Total couple families	26,870
Married couples	24,150
With children⁶	14,010
Without children	10,145
Common-law couples	2,720
With children⁶	1,050
Without children	1,670
Total one-parent families	4,060
in which the parent is a woman+	3,080
in which the parent is a man+	980
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,270
Total - Persons in census families	91,610
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,750
Parents in one-parent families	4,065
Children⁶	33,800
In a two-parent family	27,645
In a one-parent family	6,155
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,660
Living alone	7,790
Living with other relatives⁷	3,705
Living with non-relatives only	4,165
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,060
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,045
Couple-family households	21,240
With children⁶	11,770
Without children	9,470
One-parent-family households	2,800
Multigenerational households⁸	2,680
Multiple-census-family households⁹	465
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,620
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,460
One-person households	7,790
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,855
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,665
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,705
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,465
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,155
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,585
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,005
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,870
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,595
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,625
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,325
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,150
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,350
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,675
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,880
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,600
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,860
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,025
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,470
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,850
Without total income	3,185
With total income	87,665
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,350
$10,000 to $19,999	10,060
$20,000 to $29,999	12,655
$30,000 to $39,999	10,440
$40,000 to $49,999	9,330
$50,000 to $59,999	7,840
$60,000 to $69,999	6,225
$70,000 to $79,999	4,960
$80,000 to $89,999	3,805
$90,000 to $99,999	3,160
$100,000 and over	10,845
$100,000 to $149,999	7,115
$150,000 and over	3,725
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,850
Without after-tax income	3,150
With after-tax income	87,705
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,725
$10,000 to $19,999	10,445
$20,000 to $29,999	14,205
$30,000 to $39,999	12,155
$40,000 to $49,999	10,755
$50,000 to $59,999	8,450
$60,000 to $69,999	6,260
$70,000 to $79,999	4,700
$80,000 to $89,999	3,425
$90,000 to $99,999	2,390
$100,000 and over	6,205
$100,000 to $124,999	3,130
$125,000 and over	3,075
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,850
Without employment income	27,700
With employment income	63,155
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,590
$5,000 to $9,999	5,075
$10,000 to $19,999	7,385
$20,000 to $29,999	5,500
$30,000 to $39,999	5,500
$40,000 to $49,999	5,365
$50,000 to $59,999	4,900
$60,000 to $69,999	4,105
$70,000 to $79,999	3,415
$80,000 to $89,999	2,840
$90,000 to $99,999	2,365
$100,000 and over	8,110
$100,000 to $124,999	3,650
$125,000 and over	4,465
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,855
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,940
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,100
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,315
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,110
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,725
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,765
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,030
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,650
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,210
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,295
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,915
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,050
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,785
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,860
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,820
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,935
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6
Employment income (%)	71.6
Government transfers (%)	10.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,060
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,790
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,265
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,055
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	127,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,820
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,400
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,920
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,240
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,060
Under $5,000	340
$5,000 to $9,999	140
$10,000 to $14,999	205
$15,000 to $19,999	420
$20,000 to $24,999	970
$25,000 to $29,999	770
$30,000 to $34,999	820
$35,000 to $39,999	1,045
$40,000 to $44,999	1,045
$45,000 to $49,999	1,040
$50,000 to $59,999	2,090
$60,000 to $69,999	2,175
$70,000 to $79,999	2,270
$80,000 to $89,999	2,100
$90,000 to $99,999	2,095
$100,000 and over	20,540
$100,000 to $124,999	4,780
$125,000 to $149,999	3,980
$150,000 to $199,999	5,620
$200,000 and over	6,155
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,060
Under $5,000	410
$5,000 to $9,999	150
$10,000 to $14,999	220
$15,000 to $19,999	430
$20,000 to $24,999	1,030
$25,000 to $29,999	875
$30,000 to $34,999	1,010
$35,000 to $39,999	1,185
$40,000 to $44,999	1,185
$45,000 to $49,999	1,225
$50,000 to $59,999	2,490
$60,000 to $69,999	2,565
$70,000 to $79,999	2,565
$80,000 to $89,999	2,535
$90,000 to $99,999	2,470
$100,000 and over	17,715
$100,000 to $124,999	5,195
$125,000 to $149,999	4,250
$150,000 and over	8,265
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,365
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000
Average family size of economic families	3.3
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,745
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,015
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,495
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,960
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,375
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	145,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,805
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,300
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,050
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,390
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,500
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,300
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,800
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,270
0 to 17 years	20,410
0 to 5 years	5,525
18 to 64 years	65,550
65 years and over	21,310
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,375
0 to 17 years	1,640
0 to 5 years	420
18 to 64 years	3,905
65 years and over	1,825
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0
65 years and over (%)	8.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,270
0 to 17 years	20,405
0 to 5 years	5,520
18 to 64 years	65,550
65 years and over	21,315
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,305
0 to 17 years	850
0 to 5 years	170
18 to 64 years	2,940
65 years and over	515
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5
65 years and over (%)	2.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,270
In bottom half of the distribution	40,095
In bottom decile	7,220
In second decile	7,065
In third decile	7,770
In fourth decile	8,370
In fifth decile	9,675
In top half of the distribution	67,180
In sixth decile	10,900
In seventh decile	12,125
In eighth decile	13,290
In ninth decile	15,275
In top decile	15,595
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,270
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	107,510
English only	96,290
French only	30
English and French	6,820
Neither English nor French	4,365
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	107,510
English	102,080
French	775
English and French	370
Neither English nor French	4,290
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	107,510
Single responses	102,110
Official languages	65,950
English	65,180
French	770
Non-official languages	36,165
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	36,150
Afro-Asiatic languages	585
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	90
Bilen	0
Oromo	15
Somali	80
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	490
Amharic	15
Arabic	425
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	35
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	270
Khmer (Cambodian)	35
Vietnamese	235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,915
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30
Cebuano	60
Fijian	20
Hiligaynon	30
Ilocano	105
Indonesian	40
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20
Pangasinan	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,560
Waray-Waray	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	535
Kannada	10
Malayalam	295
Tamil	130
Telugu	95
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	24,580
Albanian	30
Armenian	25
Balto-Slavic languages	1,305
Baltic languages	25
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	1,280
Belarusian	5
Bulgarian	20
Czech	100
Macedonian	0
Polish	285
Russian	410
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	245
Bosnian	15
Croatian	115
Serbian	115
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	65
Slovene (Slovenian)	40
Ukrainian	110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,730
Frisian	5
High German languages	1,095
German	1,070
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	425
Afrikaans	55
Dutch	350
Low German, n.o.s.	5
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	215
Danish	90
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	40
Swedish	75
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	255
Indo-Iranian languages	19,355
Indo-Aryan languages	18,995
Assamese	5
Bengali	120
Gujarati	300
Hindi	1,995
Kacchi	20
Kashmiri	5
Konkani	5
Marathi	10
Nepali	20
Oriya languages	5
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15,790
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60
Urdu	610
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	40
Iranian languages	360
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	40
Parsi	0
Pashto	65
Persian languages	250
Dari	90
Iranian Persian	140
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	1,865
Catalan	0
Italian	370
Portuguese	365
Romanian	125
Spanish	1,005
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	310
Korean	305
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	65
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	20
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,120
Chinese languages	7,080
Hakka	60
Mandarin	4,210
Min Dong	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	265
Wu (Shanghainese)	65
Yue (Cantonese)	2,445
Chinese, n.o.s.	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	35
Burmese	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	60
Lao	15
Thai	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10
Turkic languages	115
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	110
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	225
Estonian	10
Finnish	70
Hungarian	140
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	5,400
English and French	320
English and non-official language(s)	4,505
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	75
Multiple non-official languages	465
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	107,510
English	68,130
French	115
Non-official language	12,095
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	12,095
English and French	800
English and non-official language(s)	24,705
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	555
Multiple non-official languages	1,085
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	107,510
Single responses	101,320
Official languages	78,445
English	78,250
French	195
Non-official languages	22,880
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,880
Afro-Asiatic languages	360
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	75
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	75
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	285
Amharic	15
Arabic	255
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	925
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	30
Fijian	5
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	65
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	780
Waray-Waray	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	325
Kannada	5
Malayalam	185
Tamil	55
Telugu	75
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	15,370
Albanian	15
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	455
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	450
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	25
Macedonian	0
Polish	85
Russian	200
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	90
Bosnian	10
Croatian	15
Serbian	65
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	195
Frisian	0
High German languages	130
German	125
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40
Afrikaans	25
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	25
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	110
Indo-Iranian languages	13,860
Indo-Aryan languages	13,650
Assamese	0
Bengali	70
Gujarati	155
Hindi	1,070
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	11,885
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40
Urdu	395
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20
Iranian languages	205
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	15
Parsi	0
Pashto	50
Persian languages	140
Dari	60
Iranian Persian	70
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	730
Catalan	0
Italian	55
Portuguese	120
Romanian	45
Spanish	505
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	120
Korean	185
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	20
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	30
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,300
Chinese languages	5,275
Hakka	25
Mandarin	3,365
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	155
Wu (Shanghainese)	50
Yue (Cantonese)	1,655
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	55
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	55
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	35
Estonian	0
Finnish	15
Hungarian	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	6,185
English and French	125
English and non-official language(s)	5,885
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	45
Multiple non-official languages	125
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	107,510
None	85,295
English	8,225
French	755
Non-official language	10,045
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	10,040
English and French	50
English and non-official language(s)	1,600
French and non-official language(s)	300
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	1,230
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,270
Official languages	102,875
English	102,845
French	6,850
Non-official languages	46,775
Indigenous languages³⁹	55
Algonquian languages	15
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	15
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	46,730
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,105
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	200
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	195
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	920
Amharic	60
Arabic	715
Aramaic languages	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	130
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	390
Khmer (Cambodian)	85
Vietnamese	320
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,980
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25
Cebuano	75
Fijian	30
Hiligaynon	45
Ilocano	260
Indonesian	85
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,685
Waray-Waray	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85
Creole languages	90
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	45
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15
Dravidian languages	665
Kannada	25
Malayalam	390
Tamil	220
Telugu	95
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	32,685
Albanian	50
Armenian	30
Balto-Slavic languages	1,605
Baltic languages	40
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	30
Slavic languages	1,570
Belarusian	15
Bulgarian	45
Czech	125
Macedonian	0
Polish	335
Russian	565
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	335
Bosnian	25
Croatian	175
Serbian	180
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	90
Slovene (Slovenian)	70
Ukrainian	225
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	25
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	2,590
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,730
German	1,725
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	630
Afrikaans	190
Dutch	430
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	310
Danish	110
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	60
Swedish	130
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	345
Indo-Iranian languages	25,175
Indo-Aryan languages	24,835
Assamese	0
Bengali	135
Gujarati	480
Hindi	8,065
Kacchi	65
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	50
Marathi	85
Nepali	20
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20,805
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85
Urdu	1,450
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	75
Iranian languages	465
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	50
Parsi	0
Pashto	135
Persian languages	290
Dari	120
Iranian Persian	155
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,455
Catalan	0
Italian	625
Portuguese	445
Romanian	180
Spanish	2,365
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	525
Korean	320
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	195
Akan (Twi)	15
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	105
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	130
American Sign Language	130
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,360
Chinese languages	8,325
Hakka	150
Mandarin	6,150
Min Dong	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	495
Wu (Shanghainese)	55
Yue (Cantonese)	3,405
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45
Burmese	40
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	100
Lao	10
Thai	90
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	175
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	170
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	250
Estonian	10
Finnish	100
Hungarian	145
Other languages, n.i.e.	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,270
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,180
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,005
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,665
Métis	1,310
Inuk (Inuit)	35
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	100
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70
Non-Indigenous identity	104,095
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,270
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	940
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,330
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,055
Owner	28,785
Renter	9,275
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,055
Condominium	5,385
Not condominium	32,670
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,055
No bedrooms	180
1 bedroom	3,555
2 bedrooms	7,140
3 bedrooms	12,065
4 or more bedrooms	15,115
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,055
1 to 4 rooms	9,050
5 rooms	4,580
6 rooms	5,155
7 rooms	5,085
8 or more rooms	14,185
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,055
One person or fewer per room	36,755
More than one person per room	1,300
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,055
Suitable	35,620
Not suitable	2,435
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,055
1960 or before	2,680
1961 to 1980	17,735
1981 to 1990	6,270
1991 to 2000	4,375
2001 to 2005	945
2006 to 2010	1,480
2011 to 2015	1,695
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,890
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,055
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,110
Major repairs needed	1,945
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,055
One-maintainer household	15,465
Two-maintainer household	19,230
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,365
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,055
15 to 24 years	735
25 to 34 years	3,090
35 to 44 years	5,900
45 to 54 years	7,590
55 to 64 years	8,710
65 to 74 years	6,755
75 to 84 years	4,055
85 years and over	1,215
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,860
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,605
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,255
30% to less than 100%	7,320
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,055
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,540
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,295
Not suitable only	1,885
Major repairs needed only	1,290
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	415
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	520
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30
Acceptable housing	26,520
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,925
In core need	4,155
Not in core need	32,770
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,705
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.5
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.2
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,802
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,190,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,171,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,255
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.3
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.2
% in core housing need⁶³	23.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,606
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,270
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	705
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	680
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	455
Métis single ancestry	200
Inuit single ancestry	20
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,820
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,740
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,820
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	905
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	103,750
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,270
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	93,845
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,050
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,800
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	13,420
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,270
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	67,960
Immigrants⁸¹	35,555
Before 1980	7,290
1980 to 1990	3,930
1991 to 2000	8,040
2001 to 2010	8,340
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,960
2011 to 2015	3,640
2016 to 2021	4,325
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,750
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	35,555
Under 5 years	2,740
5 to 14 years	5,175
15 to 24 years	8,270
25 to 44 years	14,810
45 years and over	4,560
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	35,555
Americas	2,250
Brazil	90
Colombia	105
El Salvador	155
Guyana	40
Haiti	0
Jamaica	75
Mexico	145
Peru	55
Trinidad and Tobago	85
United States of America	950
Other places of birth in Americas	540
Europe	6,470
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50
Croatia	90
France	95
Germany	665
Greece	155
Hungary	60
Italy	215
Netherlands	320
Poland	255
Portugal	165
Romania	150
Russian Federation	110
Serbia⁸⁶	60
Ukraine	215
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,955
Other places of birth in Europe	905
Africa	1,110
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10
Egypt	55
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	80
Morocco	20
Nigeria	45
Somalia	95
South Africa, Republic of	365
Other places of birth in Africa	450
Asia	24,280
Afghanistan	95
Iran⁸⁸	130
Iraq	100
Lebanon	45
Syria⁸⁹	255
Turkey	100
China⁹⁰	3,820
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,100
Korea, South⁹²	195
Taiwan	1,095
Philippines	2,680
Viet Nam	235
Bangladesh	75
India	12,375
Pakistan	775
Sri Lanka	125
Other places of birth in Asia	1,090
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,450
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,320
Americas	270
Brazil	35
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	35
United States of America	135
Venezuela⁹⁵	10
Other places of birth in Americas	35
Europe	230
France	0
Germany	10
Ireland⁹⁶	10
Italy	25
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80
Other places of birth in Europe	60
Africa	190
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	15
Morocco	0
Nigeria	20
Somalia	70
South Africa, Republic of	35
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30
Asia	3,585
Afghanistan	40
Bangladesh	10
China⁹⁰	540
Hong Kong⁹¹	50
India	2,025
Iran⁸⁸	20
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	15
Nepal	0
Pakistan	95
Philippines	350
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	235
Turkey	70
United Arab Emirates	50
Viet Nam	10
Other places of birth in Asia	60
Oceania and other⁹³	50
Australia	15
Other places of birth⁹⁸	35
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,270
First generation¹⁰⁰	40,525
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,070
Third generation or more¹⁰²	38,680
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	28,270
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,575
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,710
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,875
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,370
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,095
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	225
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	28,270
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	720
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,415
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	620
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,440
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	22,970
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,270
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	48,625
South Asian	27,990
Chinese	9,660
Black	1,095
Filipino	3,700
Arab	625
Latin American	1,035
Southeast Asian	720
West Asian	265
Korean	410
Japanese	970
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	575
Multiple visible minorities	1,565
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	58,645
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,270
Canadian	9,000
English	21,440
Irish	12,505
Scottish	16,065
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,390
German	9,620
Chinese	9,085
Italian	3,230
Indian (India)	15,620
Ukrainian	3,715
Dutch	3,820
Polish	2,615
Québécois	70
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,395
Filipino	3,935
French Canadian	565
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,205
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,120
Métis	1,205
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,785
Russian	2,000
Norwegian	2,690
Welsh	2,325
Portuguese	930
American	1,435
Spanish	990
Swedish	2,055
Hungarian	950
Acadian	110
Pakistani	1,010
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	350
Jewish	640
Punjabi	6,055
Vietnamese	475
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	310
Greek	710
Jamaican	255
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	955
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	275
Korean	430
Romanian	600
Lebanese	180
Iranian	205
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	295
Danish	1,115
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	275
Sikh	4,790
Austrian	880
Belgian	335
Haitian	15
Hindu	965
Mexican	405
Mennonite	280
Swiss	440
Finnish	695
Sri Lankan	185
Croatian	540
Japanese	1,260
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	835
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	65
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	500
Muslim	260
Egyptian	105
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	180
Tamil	110
Icelandic	550
Colombian	75
Moroccan	40
Czech	430
Syrian	240
Guyanese	110
Afghan	135
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40
Serbian	235
Ojibway	55
Newfoundlander	60
Hong Konger	435
Ontarian	25
Persian	140
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150
Turkish	135
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35
Bangladeshi	45
Algerian	10
Brazilian	120
Nigerian	55
Armenian	115
Slovak	230
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	260
Somali	175
Taiwanese	950
Iraqi	35
Salvadorean	205
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	335
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	85
Algonquin	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	100
Lithuanian	130
South African	315
Australian	515
Palestinian	40
Chilean	115
Congolese	35
Nova Scotian	50
Ethiopian	70
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60
Peruvian	85
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	50
Berber	0
Albanian	55
Maltese	45
Macedonian	10
Slovenian	245
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	220
New Brunswicker	10
Gujarati	75
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	15
Israeli	70
Mohawk	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	110
Bulgarian	55
Albertan	30
Ghanaian	25
Barbadian	90
African American	100
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100
Tunisian	20
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60
Cuban	60
Bosnian	25
Venezuelan	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	100
Bengali	25
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	90
Indonesian	195
Laotian	55
Ilocano	155
Northern Irish	65
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65
British Columbian	320
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	50
Estonian	65
Kurdish	45
Fijian	1,295
Jatt	635
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55
Coptic	0
Thai	80
Dominican	20
Nepali	40
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	15
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	90
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	20
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	150
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40
Malaysian	105
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	70
Buddhist	85
Gaspesian	0
Norman	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	80
Mauritian	35
Kenyan	55
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	20
Manitoban	55
Cape Bretoner	15
Rwandan	35
Grenadian	0
Malayali	70
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	30
Mayan	65
Honduran	20
Cherokee	40
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	65
United Empire Loyalist	15
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	50
Malay	95
Goan	50
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	35
Mongolian	40
Azorean	20
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	20
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	30
Yemeni	10
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	20
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25
Igorot	50
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	25
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	20
Roma	0
Costa Rican	30
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	40
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,270
Buddhist	1,450
Christian	35,025
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,585
Anabaptist	470
Anglican	3,800
Baptist	1,540
Catholic	12,870
Christian Orthodox	905
Jehovah's Witness	360
Latter Day Saints	225
Lutheran	1,165
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	430
Presbyterian	465
Reformed	160
United Church	3,120
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,875
Hindu	4,195
Jewish	475
Muslim	3,265
Sikh	19,235
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20
Other religions and spiritual traditions	610
No religion and secular perspectives	42,990
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	106,525
Non-movers	94,185
Movers	12,340
Non-migrants	6,090
Migrants	6,250
Internal migrants	5,250
Intraprovincial migrants	4,655
Interprovincial migrants	600
External migrants	995
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,830
Non-movers	64,575
Movers	38,255
Non-migrants	12,745
Migrants	25,510
Internal migrants	19,185
Intraprovincial migrants	17,030
Interprovincial migrants	2,155
External migrants	6,325
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,860
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,385
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,470
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,825
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,385
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,860
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,250
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,345
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,260
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,685
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,205
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,615
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,590
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,800
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,685
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,575
Bachelor's degree	15,445
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,855
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	440
Master's degree	5,245
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	585
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,215
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,160
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,535
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,520
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,430
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,170
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,845
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,325
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,410
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,085
Bachelor's degree	11,855
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,370
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	290
Master's degree	4,170
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,855
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,595
Education	3,705
13. Education	3,705
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,930
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	380
50. Visual and performing arts	1,555
Humanities	3,670
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410
23. English language and literature/letters	740
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,715
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130
39. Theology and religious vocations	230
54. History	310
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,590
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	590
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	760
22. Legal professions and studies	815
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90
42. Psychology	1,025
45. Social sciences	2,245
Business, management and public administration	10,560
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	430
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,120
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	785
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	695
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40
40. Physical sciences	510
41. Science technologies/technicians	65
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,095
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,725
25. Library science	95
27. Mathematics and statistics	245
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,385
04. Architecture and related services	305
14. Engineering	2,440
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,860
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,130
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,700
48. Precision production	950
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	810
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	550
03. Natural resources and conservation	260
Health and related fields	6,870
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	645
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,115
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,520
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,430
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	350
49. Transportation and materials moving	715
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,695
Education	2,350
13. Education	2,350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,400
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235
50. Visual and performing arts	1,165
Humanities	2,585
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	295
23. English language and literature/letters	570
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,160
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85
39. Theology and religious vocations	170
54. History	205
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,260
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	505
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	555
22. Legal professions and studies	630
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65
42. Psychology	735
45. Social sciences	1,715
Business, management and public administration	7,730
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,425
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,385
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	495
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35
40. Physical sciences	305
41. Science technologies/technicians	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,690
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,470
25. Library science	60
27. Mathematics and statistics	150
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,630
04. Architecture and related services	215
14. Engineering	1,820
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,260
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,595
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,145
48. Precision production	605
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	610
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	390
03. Natural resources and conservation	215
Health and related fields	5,075
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	470
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,545
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,790
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,010
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15
43. Security and protective services	270
49. Transportation and materials moving	485
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,520
Location of study inside Canada	25,605
Same as province or territory of residence	22,090
Different than province or territory of residence	3,515
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	9,915
Americas	1,145
United States of America	915
Mexico	65
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	60
Colombia	20
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	75
Europe	1,430
Belgium	0
France	45
Germany	90
Netherlands	30
Switzerland	15
Hungary	10
Moldova¹⁸³	15
Poland	65
Romania	75
Russian Federation	100
Ukraine	95
Ireland⁹⁶	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	685
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Other locations of study in Europe	145
Africa	195
Nigeria	40
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	25
South Africa, Republic of	70
Other locations of study in Africa	65
Asia	6,870
Iran⁸⁸	35
Iraq	20
Israel	25
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	10
Turkey	25
China⁹⁰	1,305
Taiwan	260
Hong Kong⁹¹	145
Japan	65
Korea, South⁹²	75
Philippines	1,085
Viet Nam	15
Bangladesh	20
Sri Lanka	15
India	3,450
Pakistan	185
Other locations of study in Asia	135
Oceania	275
Australia	165
New Zealand	45
Other locations of study in Oceania	65
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,860
In the labour force	58,010
Employed	53,760
Unemployed	4,255
Not in the labour force	32,845
Participation rate	63.8
Employment rate	59.2
Unemployment rate	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,855
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,725
Worked	57,130
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,875
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,010
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,940
Employee	47,790
Permanent position	40,540
Temporary position	7,255
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,160
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,095
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,145
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,010
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,940
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	730
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,185
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,830
3 Health occupations	3,725
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,595
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,965
6 Sales and service occupations	14,115
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,560
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,180
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,045
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,010
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075
All industries¹⁹¹	56,940
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	800
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130
22 Utilities	325
23 Construction	5,440
31-33 Manufacturing	3,930
41 Wholesale trade	2,160
44-45 Retail trade	6,550
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,605
51 Information and cultural industries	1,315
52 Finance and insurance	2,400
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,065
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,555
55 Management of companies and enterprises	115
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,420
61 Educational services	4,505
62 Health care and social assistance	5,955
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,270
72 Accommodation and food services	3,235
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,250
91 Public administration	2,910
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,075
English	55,420
French	70
Non-official language	1,260
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,260
English and French	350
English and non-official language(s)	4,865
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50
Multiple non-official languages	65
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,075
Single responses	60,820
Official languages	58,555
English	58,450
French	105
Non-official languages	2,260
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,260
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	30
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	1,455
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,420
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	45
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,355
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	15
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	710
Chinese languages	700
Hakka	0
Mandarin	510
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	190
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,255
English and French	30
English and non-official language(s)	1,200
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	20
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,075
None	57,810
English	875
French	295
Non-official language	2,410
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	2,410
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	120
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	535
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,760
Worked at home	10,440
Worked outside Canada	200
No fixed workplace address	9,210
Usual place of work	33,905
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,905
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,095
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,360
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	390
Commute to a different province or territory	55
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,115
Car, truck or van	36,205
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,240
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,960
Public transit	4,045
Walked	1,565
Bicycle	410
Other method	890
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,115
Less than 15 minutes	9,725
15 to 29 minutes	14,195
30 to 44 minutes	11,830
45 to 59 minutes	4,095
60 minutes and over	3,265
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,115
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,480
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,650
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,725
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,305
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,765
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,195
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,935
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,205
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,730
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,090
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,000
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	450
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,090

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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