Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Port Coquitlam, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	61,498	...	...
Population, 2016¹	58,612	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	23,671	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	22,884	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,108.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	29.16	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	61,500	30,310	31,185
0 to 14 years	9,625	4,940	4,685
0 to 4 years	2,950	1,450	1,500
5 to 9 years	3,245	1,695	1,545
10 to 14 years	3,430	1,800	1,630
15 to 64 years	42,215	20,945	21,265
15 to 19 years	3,470	1,800	1,670
20 to 24 years	3,550	1,865	1,685
25 to 29 years	3,740	1,970	1,775
30 to 34 years	4,270	2,160	2,110
35 to 39 years	4,600	2,245	2,350
40 to 44 years	4,455	2,135	2,325
45 to 49 years	4,250	2,035	2,215
50 to 54 years	4,640	2,255	2,390
55 to 59 years	4,935	2,365	2,565
60 to 64 years	4,310	2,125	2,185
65 years and over	9,660	4,425	5,235
65 to 69 years	3,345	1,605	1,745
70 to 74 years	2,490	1,210	1,285
75 to 79 years	1,615	740	875
80 to 84 years	1,095	455	635
85 years and over	1,115	415	700
85 to 89 years	690	290	405
90 to 94 years	330	105	225
95 to 99 years	75	20	60
100 years and over	10	5	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.3	15.0
15 to 64 years	68.6	69.1	68.2
65 years and over	15.7	14.6	16.8
85 years and over	1.8	1.4	2.2
Average age of the population	41.3	40.3	42.2
Median age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	22,885	...	...
Single-detached house	8,390	...	...
Semi-detached house	855	...	...
Row house	3,690	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,470	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	405	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	22,880	...	...
1 person	5,195	...	...
2 persons	7,255	...	...
3 persons	4,295	...	...
4 persons	4,065	...	...
5 or more persons	2,070	...	...
Number of persons in private households	60,390	29,680	30,710
Average household size	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	51,875	25,370	26,505
Married or living common-law	30,770	15,325	15,445
Married	26,290	13,100	13,190
Living common-law	4,480	2,225	2,255
Living common law - Never married	3,290	1,665	1,620
Living common law - Separated	205	105	100
Living common law - Divorced	915	435	480
Living common law - Widowed	75	20	50
Not married and not living common-law	21,100	10,040	11,060
Not married and not living common law - Never married	14,245	7,855	6,385
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,335	530	810
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,170	1,185	1,985
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,355	470	1,885
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,770	...	...
2 persons	8,185	...	...
3 persons	4,375	...	...
4 persons	4,090	...	...
5 or more persons	1,115	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,770	...	...
Total couple families	15,010	...	...
Married couples	12,770	...	...
With children⁶	7,815	...	...
Without children	4,950	...	...
Common-law couples	2,240	...	...
With children⁶	755	...	...
Without children	1,485	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,760	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,135	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	630	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	60,395	29,680	30,710
Total - Persons in census families	51,720	25,635	26,090
Married spouses or common-law partners	30,020	14,965	15,055
Parents in one-parent families	2,760	625	2,130
Children⁶	18,940	10,040	8,900
In a two-parent family	14,935	7,890	7,045
In a one-parent family	4,005	2,155	1,855
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,670	4,050	4,625
Living alone	5,200	2,350	2,850
Living with other relatives⁷	1,520	585	935
Living with non-relatives only	1,955	1,115	845
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	22,885	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,795	...	...
Couple-family households	12,700	...	...
With children⁶	7,335	...	...
Without children	5,370	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,090	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	950	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	280	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	945	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	720	...	...
One-person households	5,195	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	50,770	24,740	26,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,085	23,910	25,180
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	52,400	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,105	23,920	25,180
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,595	22,130	22,465
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,800	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,240	18,945	18,295
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	54,400	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,570	17,800	21,770
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	7,200	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,465	1,865	2,600
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,120	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,330	6,230	7,095
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	50,770	24,795	25,975
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,985	23,900	25,085
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,150	63,350	45,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,000	23,900	25,095
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,240	52,950	39,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,605	22,150	22,460
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	60,750	40,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,240	19,010	18,225
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,450	62,050	42,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,395	17,605	21,790
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,580	10,870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,500	1,910	2,590
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,680	5,850	7,290
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,105	6,050	7,055
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,030	8,790	9,250
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	50,765	24,790	25,975
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,140	10,815	8,325
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	76,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,800	85,400	65,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,685	6,085	7,600
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	23,200	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	34,320	24,740
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8	88.8	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.6	78.0	67.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.3	11.1	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.2	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.5	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	50,770	24,740	26,025
Without total income	1,680	825	850
With total income	49,090	23,910	25,175
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,610	1,900	2,705
$10,000 to $19,999	5,180	2,155	3,030
$20,000 to $29,999	6,665	2,640	4,025
$30,000 to $39,999	5,635	2,400	3,235
$40,000 to $49,999	5,240	2,250	2,985
$50,000 to $59,999	4,740	2,195	2,545
$60,000 to $69,999	3,885	1,990	1,900
$70,000 to $79,999	3,065	1,780	1,285
$80,000 to $89,999	2,460	1,485	975
$90,000 to $99,999	1,965	1,165	800
$100,000 and over	5,645	3,955	1,690
$100,000 to $149,999	4,105	2,765	1,345
$150,000 and over	1,535	1,195	340
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	50,770	24,740	26,025
Without after-tax income	1,665	820	845
With after-tax income	49,105	23,920	25,185
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,725	1,940	2,785
$10,000 to $19,999	5,375	2,240	3,135
$20,000 to $29,999	7,505	3,000	4,505
$30,000 to $39,999	6,680	2,890	3,790
$40,000 to $49,999	6,370	2,860	3,510
$50,000 to $59,999	5,165	2,615	2,550
$60,000 to $69,999	3,980	2,300	1,680
$70,000 to $79,999	2,950	1,740	1,210
$80,000 to $89,999	2,195	1,340	850
$90,000 to $99,999	1,370	920	445
$100,000 and over	2,790	2,075	720
$100,000 to $124,999	1,620	1,145	470
$125,000 and over	1,175	925	255
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	50,770	24,740	26,025
Without employment income	13,530	5,795	7,730
With employment income	37,240	18,945	18,295
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,445	2,015	2,435
$5,000 to $9,999	2,700	1,110	1,595
$10,000 to $19,999	3,765	1,585	2,180
$20,000 to $29,999	2,995	1,280	1,715
$30,000 to $39,999	3,025	1,305	1,725
$40,000 to $49,999	3,275	1,445	1,835
$50,000 to $59,999	3,430	1,615	1,815
$60,000 to $69,999	2,855	1,545	1,310
$70,000 to $79,999	2,425	1,445	975
$80,000 to $89,999	2,015	1,230	780
$90,000 to $99,999	1,670	1,025	645
$100,000 and over	4,625	3,345	1,285
$100,000 to $124,999	2,410	1,610	800
$125,000 and over	2,215	1,730	480
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	50,770	24,740	26,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,720	23,200	24,525
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,400	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,830	23,225	24,605
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,145	21,815	22,325
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	52,000	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,070	19,190	18,885
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,000	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,630	12,475	18,150
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,200	2,580	5,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,955	1,175	1,780
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	4,160	6,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	50,770	24,795	25,975
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,750	23,300	24,450
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	61,900	42,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,840	23,315	24,530
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720	50,920	36,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,305	21,995	22,310
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,840	61,450	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,170	19,395	18,770
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	61,250	41,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,345	12,215	18,130
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,630	7,470	7,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,835	1,165	1,670
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,290	5,990	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	50,765	24,790	25,975
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,070	10,770	8,295
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	73,500	56,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,100	80,800	60,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,955	5,780	7,180
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	31,200	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,040	42,560	30,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.6	93.6	86.6
Employment income (%)	79.4	82.4	75.0
Government transfers (%)	9.3	6.3	13.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	22,880	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,195	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,685	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	22,880	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,190	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,695	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	22,885	...	...
Under $5,000	205	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	125	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	585	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	510	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	525	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	615	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	620	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,415	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,465	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,370	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,325	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,335	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,685	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,070	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,535	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,365	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,710	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	22,885	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	100	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	125	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	340	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	600	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	570	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	630	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	700	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	730	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	895	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,700	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,670	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,595	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,510	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,830	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,430	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,475	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,930	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,270	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,600	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,585	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,525	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,150	3,460	3,690
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	50,800	42,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	44,800	38,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,295	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,670	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,560	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,530	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,090	3,515	3,580
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,550	59,250	48,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	50,000	42,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	60,390	29,680	30,715
0 to 17 years	11,705	6,015	5,690
0 to 5 years	3,605	1,785	1,825
18 to 64 years	39,685	19,455	20,230
65 years and over	9,005	4,215	4,795
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,465	2,030	2,435
0 to 17 years	990	535	455
0 to 5 years	275	125	145
18 to 64 years	2,390	1,100	1,295
65 years and over	1,085	395	685
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.4	6.8	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.5	8.9	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	7.7	7.2	8.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	5.6	6.4
65 years and over (%)	12.0	9.4	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	60,395	29,680	30,710
0 to 17 years	11,700	6,010	5,685
0 to 5 years	3,610	1,780	1,825
18 to 64 years	39,680	19,455	20,230
65 years and over	9,005	4,210	4,795
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,770	1,355	1,420
0 to 17 years	525	285	245
0 to 5 years	140	65	70
18 to 64 years	1,805	895	905
65 years and over	440	175	265
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.6	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5	4.7	4.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9	3.6	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.6	4.5
65 years and over (%)	4.9	4.1	5.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	60,390	29,680	30,710
In bottom half of the distribution	23,550	11,210	12,345
In bottom decile	4,100	1,925	2,175
In second decile	4,175	1,920	2,260
In third decile	4,705	2,240	2,470
In fourth decile	4,880	2,340	2,535
In fifth decile	5,695	2,795	2,905
In top half of the distribution	36,835	18,470	18,365
In sixth decile	6,410	3,160	3,250
In seventh decile	7,050	3,540	3,510
In eighth decile	7,860	3,885	3,975
In ninth decile	8,560	4,360	4,195
In top decile	6,955	3,520	3,435
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	60,395	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.287	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.375	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	60,645	29,745	30,900
English only	54,935	27,300	27,640
French only	50	20	30
English and French	3,980	1,750	2,235
Neither English nor French	1,680	680	1,000
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	60,645	29,745	30,900
English	58,000	28,585	29,420
French	635	325	305
English and French	365	170	195
Neither English nor French	1,650	665	980
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	60,645	29,745	30,900
Single responses	57,970	28,465	29,505
Official languages	38,410	19,305	19,105
English	37,840	19,010	18,835
French	565	295	275
Non-official languages	19,555	9,160	10,400
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,560	9,160	10,395
Afro-Asiatic languages	610	315	295
Berber languages	5	5	0
Kabyle	5	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	595	305	285
Amharic	25	20	10
Arabic	490	240	250
Aramaic languages	5	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	30	25	5
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	40	20	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	385	155	230
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	35
Vietnamese	330	140	195
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,785	725	1,060
Bikol	10	5	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	15
Cebuano	85	40	45
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15
Ilocano	85	25	60
Indonesian	75	30	55
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0
Pangasinan	10	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,435	590	845
Waray-Waray	0	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Creole languages	20	5	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	15	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	150	80	70
Kannada	5	5	0
Malayalam	30	15	15
Tamil	85	50	35
Telugu	30	15	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,230	4,465	4,770
Albanian	35	15	20
Armenian	15	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	2,330	1,110	1,215
Baltic languages	20	10	10
Latvian	15	5	5
Lithuanian	10	5	5
Slavic languages	2,305	1,100	1,210
Belarusian	5	0	5
Bulgarian	100	45	50
Czech	115	55	60
Macedonian	10	10	0
Polish	625	280	345
Russian	935	455	485
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	310	150	155
Bosnian	35	10	25
Croatian	140	65	75
Serbian	120	60	60
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0	5
Slovak	100	50	50
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0
Ukrainian	100	55	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	615	300	320
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	370	170	195
German	355	165	185
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	180	80	105
Afrikaans	60	30	30
Dutch	110	45	65
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5
Scandinavian languages	70	45	30
Danish	25	15	5
Icelandic	10	5	0
Norwegian	10	5	5
Swedish	25	15	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	65	35	30
Indo-Iranian languages	3,800	1,855	1,940
Indo-Aryan languages	1,765	825	935
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	45	25	25
Gujarati	185	85	100
Hindi	320	140	180
Kacchi	25	10	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0
Marathi	25	15	10
Nepali	15	5	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	960	455	505
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20
Urdu	130	60	75
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Iranian languages	2,035	1,030	1,010
Baluchi	10	5	5
Kurdish	170	95	80
Parsi	5	0	5
Pashto	15	0	10
Persian languages	1,840	925	915
Dari	290	145	150
Iranian Persian	1,335	670	665
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	215	110	105
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,375	1,145	1,230
Catalan	5	0	0
Italian	355	185	170
Portuguese	425	200	225
Romanian	480	235	245
Spanish	1,110	520	595
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	295	90	200
Korean	1,565	760	805
Mongolian	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	0	10
Lingala	5	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	20	5
Shona	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	20	5	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	15
American Sign Language	30	10	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,000	2,340	2,660
Chinese languages	4,985	2,335	2,645
Hakka	50	25	30
Mandarin	2,075	935	1,135
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	110	60	55
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	15
Yue (Cantonese)	2,705	1,295	1,405
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	10
Burmese	10	0	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	35
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	45	10	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	95	45	50
Azerbaijani	15	5	5
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	80	40	40
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Uralic languages	210	90	120
Estonian	10	5	5
Finnish	50	20	30
Hungarian	150	65	85
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,685	1,285	1,395
English and French	215	105	105
English and non-official language(s)	2,120	1,015	1,105
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	35
Multiple non-official languages	220	110	110
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	60,645	29,745	30,900
English	40,005	19,970	20,035
French	135	75	60
Non-official language	5,990	2,820	3,170
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	5,990	2,820	3,170
English and French	535	250	280
English and non-official language(s)	13,100	6,225	6,875
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	395	185	210
Multiple non-official languages	440	200	240
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	60,645	29,745	30,900
Single responses	57,775	28,355	29,420
Official languages	46,215	22,835	23,380
English	45,985	22,715	23,275
French	230	120	105
Non-official languages	11,560	5,520	6,035
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,555	5,515	6,035
Afro-Asiatic languages	380	190	190
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	375	190	190
Amharic	10	0	5
Arabic	325	160	160
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	15	5
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	25	10	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	215	85	130
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15
Vietnamese	190	75	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	905	405	495
Bikol	5	5	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	45	20	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5
Ilocano	25	10	15
Indonesian	25	15	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	775	345	425
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	75	40	35
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	10
Tamil	40	25	15
Telugu	20	10	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,875	2,355	2,520
Albanian	10	5	5
Armenian	10	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	1,310	630	685
Baltic languages	5	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,305	625	675
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	45	20	25
Czech	35	20	20
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	315	140	175
Russian	715	350	360
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	115	60	60
Bosnian	10	5	5
Croatian	40	20	20
Serbian	70	40	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	40	20	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	15	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	60	25	35
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	35	15	15
German	35	15	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	5	15
Afrikaans	20	5	10
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	2,385	1,155	1,225
Indo-Aryan languages	1,025	480	540
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10
Gujarati	100	45	55
Hindi	135	55	80
Kacchi	5	0	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	5
Nepali	10	5	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	630	305	320
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10
Urdu	95	40	50
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Iranian languages	1,360	675	685
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	105	60	50
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5
Persian languages	1,235	615	625
Dari	185	90	100
Iranian Persian	910	455	460
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	140	65	70
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,085	520	565
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	55	25	35
Portuguese	240	115	120
Romanian	240	115	120
Spanish	555	265	290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	145	55	90
Korean	1,275	645	635
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Sign languages	35	15	20
American Sign Language	25	10	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,510	1,660	1,855
Chinese languages	3,505	1,660	1,850
Hakka	15	10	10
Mandarin	1,590	750	840
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	20	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5
Yue (Cantonese)	1,855	875	980
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5
Burmese	5	0	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	20	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	5
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	35	20	20
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	25	20
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5
Hungarian	40	20	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,870	1,395	1,480
English and French	125	60	60
English and non-official language(s)	2,640	1,280	1,365
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	40
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	60,645	29,745	30,900
None	48,520	24,015	24,500
English	4,690	2,290	2,400
French	440	200	240
Non-official language	5,595	2,580	3,015
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	5
Non-Indigenous	5,590	2,585	3,010
English and French	60	20	40
English and non-official language(s)	510	265	250
French and non-official language(s)	220	105	115
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	605	265	335
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	60,390	29,685	30,710
Official languages	58,815	29,060	29,760
English	58,755	29,035	29,725
French	4,090	1,755	2,340
Non-official languages	24,385	11,400	12,980
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	20	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,360	11,390	12,970
Afro-Asiatic languages	930	465	465
Berber languages	10	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	920	460	460
Amharic	70	35	40
Arabic	670	325	350
Aramaic languages	15	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	135	80	55
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	65	40	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	435	170	265
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	0	25
Vietnamese	405	165	240
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,490	1,025	1,465
Bikol	70	50	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15
Cebuano	40	20	20
Fijian	10	0	10
Hiligaynon	30	15	10
Ilocano	145	40	105
Indonesian	175	80	95
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	85	40	45
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,185	885	1,300
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	50	35
Creole languages	65	25	45
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	35	20	20
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	0	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	175	95	80
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	25	20
Tamil	100	70	40
Telugu	50	20	30
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	12,050	5,740	6,310
Albanian	20	20	0
Armenian	30	20	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,955	1,420	1,545
Baltic languages	20	10	10
Latvian	10	0	10
Lithuanian	10	0	0
Slavic languages	2,955	1,410	1,535
Belarusian	30	10	20
Bulgarian	100	40	55
Czech	220	105	110
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	750	330	420
Russian	1,430	705	730
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	445	215	225
Bosnian	25	0	20
Croatian	285	130	145
Serbian	190	95	95
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	125	60	70
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	15	0
Ukrainian	205	85	120
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	15	0
Irish	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,005	445	560
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	670	280	385
German	660	280	380
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	260	130	130
Afrikaans	135	70	65
Dutch	120	60	60
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	100	45	55
Danish	35	20	15
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	0	10
Swedish	40	15	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	120	70	55
Indo-Iranian languages	4,935	2,415	2,525
Indo-Aryan languages	2,610	1,205	1,405
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	15	10
Gujarati	295	140	155
Hindi	1,005	490	525
Kacchi	90	35	50
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	20	15	10
Marathi	65	35	30
Nepali	55	30	25
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,440	665	780
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	15
Urdu	300	130	170
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Iranian languages	2,410	1,240	1,170
Baluchi	45	30	15
Kurdish	160	80	80
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	35	20	10
Persian languages	2,285	1,175	1,110
Dari	405	185	225
Iranian Persian	1,680	905	780
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	235	120	125
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,325	1,515	1,810
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	555	240	315
Portuguese	555	245	310
Romanian	585	285	300
Spanish	1,875	840	1,035
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	685	315	370
Korean	1,820	855	960
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	275	115	155
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	35	15	15
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	40	20	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	25	50
Lingala	25	20	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	105	50	55
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	150	75	75
American Sign Language	125	65	65
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,805	2,765	3,045
Chinese languages	5,775	2,745	3,030
Hakka	75	45	30
Mandarin	3,470	1,625	1,840
Min Dong	10	0	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	290	140	160
Wu (Shanghainese)	75	30	45
Yue (Cantonese)	3,270	1,595	1,680
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15
Burmese	30	10	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	20	45
Lao	15	0	10
Thai	65	20	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	220	110	110
Azerbaijani	45	20	25
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	180	95	90
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Uralic languages	275	135	140
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	65	35	35
Hungarian	205	100	105
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,390	29,680	30,715
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,795	915	875
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,735	885	850
First Nations (North American Indian)	845	440	410
Métis	865	445	425
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	15	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	10	10
Non-Indigenous identity	58,600	28,765	29,830
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,390	29,680	30,715
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	490	230	255
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	59,900	29,445	30,455
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	22,880	...	...
Owner	17,645	...	...
Renter	5,235	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	22,880	...	...
Condominium	6,420	...	...
Not condominium	16,465	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	22,880	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...
1 bedroom	3,110	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,745	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,965	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,960	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	22,880	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,855	...	...
5 rooms	3,245	...	...
6 rooms	2,880	...	...
7 rooms	2,660	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,250	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	22,880	...	...
One person or fewer per room	22,220	...	...
More than one person per room	665	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	22,880	...	...
Suitable	21,575	...	...
Not suitable	1,310	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	22,880	...	...
1960 or before	1,155	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,370	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,765	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,550	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,270	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,665	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,485	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,630	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	22,880	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	21,860	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,025	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	22,880	...	...
One-maintainer household	10,070	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,255	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,560	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	22,880	...	...
15 to 24 years	205	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,690	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,420	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,950	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,320	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,330	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,470	...	...
85 years and over	500	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	22,810	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	17,790	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,025	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	22,885	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,820	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,550	...	...
Not suitable only	1,030	...	...
Major repairs needed only	710	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	215	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	16,065	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	22,305	...	...
In core need	2,920	...	...
Not in core need	19,385	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,630	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,748	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	914,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,235	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,536	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	60,390	29,680	30,710
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	370	195	180
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	350	190	160
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	225	125	100
Métis single ancestry	120	65	60
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,545	785	755
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,505	760	740
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	975	490	485
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	515	270	245
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	30	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	30	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	58,475	28,700	29,775
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	60,395	29,680	30,710
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	55,075	27,230	27,850
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,085	5,635	5,445
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	43,990	21,590	22,400
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,315	2,450	2,865
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	60,395	29,680	30,710
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	38,650	19,420	19,235
Immigrants⁸¹	20,765	9,800	10,965
Before 1980	3,085	1,480	1,600
1980 to 1990	2,475	1,185	1,290
1991 to 2000	5,290	2,530	2,755
2001 to 2010	5,080	2,385	2,695
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,830	2,210	2,620
2011 to 2015	2,700	1,270	1,425
2016 to 2021	2,135	940	1,195
Non-permanent residents⁸³	975	465	510
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	20,765	9,800	10,965
Under 5 years	1,850	1,005	840
5 to 14 years	3,355	1,730	1,625
15 to 24 years	3,530	1,605	1,925
25 to 44 years	10,075	4,540	5,535
45 years and over	1,955	915	1,045
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	20,765	9,800	10,965
Americas	1,570	725	850
Brazil	140	70	75
Colombia	130	60	70
El Salvador	115	60	55
Guyana	25	25	0
Haiti	10	0	10
Jamaica	120	55	60
Mexico	160	65	90
Peru	65	25	40
Trinidad and Tobago	80	45	35
United States of America	420	180	240
Other places of birth in Americas	305	140	165
Europe	5,000	2,440	2,555
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	15	30
Croatia	110	65	45
France	80	60	20
Germany	285	140	145
Greece	45	25	20
Hungary	85	35	50
Italy	160	105	50
Netherlands	120	70	55
Poland	565	250	315
Portugal	165	95	65
Romania	485	240	240
Russian Federation	370	170	200
Serbia⁸⁶	90	50	40
Ukraine	230	115	115
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,240	565	675
Other places of birth in Europe	925	445	480
Africa	1,045	515	525
Algeria	10	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	10	20
Egypt	75	35	45
Eritrea	65	35	30
Ethiopia	65	25	40
Morocco	25	15	0
Nigeria	55	30	20
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	295	165	135
Other places of birth in Africa	420	185	235
Asia	12,805	5,950	6,850
Afghanistan	320	145	180
Iran⁸⁸	1,500	765	730
Iraq	270	130	140
Lebanon	50	25	25
Syria⁸⁹	85	40	40
Turkey	45	30	15
China⁹⁰	2,055	935	1,115
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,225	605	620
Korea, South⁹²	1,280	600	680
Taiwan	465	210	250
Philippines	2,185	905	1,285
Viet Nam	420	185	240
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	1,285	610	675
Pakistan	235	115	120
Sri Lanka	50	30	25
Other places of birth in Asia	1,320	610	710
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	355	170	180
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,130	935	1,190
Americas	180	80	95
Brazil	90	40	45
Colombia	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	15	0
Mexico	15	10	10
United States of America	45	15	30
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	235	115	125
France	25	15	10
Germany	10	10	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	15	10	0
Russian Federation	45	10	35
Ukraine	30	15	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	10
Other places of birth in Europe	80	30	50
Africa	190	85	105
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	15	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	45	15	25
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	20	50
Asia	1,495	630	860
Afghanistan	60	35	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	285	105	175
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	25	10
India	235	90	145
Iran⁸⁸	140	75	60
Iraq	25	10	10
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	15
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	170	70	95
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	15	10	0
Pakistan	50	20	25
Philippines	265	90	170
Saudi Arabia	30	20	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	15
Turkey	15	10	10
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	25	10	15
Other places of birth in Asia	85	30	60
Oceania and other⁹³	35	25	10
Australia	25	15	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	60,390	29,685	30,710
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,320	10,580	11,740
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,755	7,365	7,395
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,315	11,735	11,575
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	17,680	8,315	9,365
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10,610	5,205	5,405
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,300	2,530	1,770
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,310	2,670	3,640
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,400	1,705	2,695
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,505	1,315	1,190
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	165	90	75
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	17,680	8,315	9,365
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	635	330	305
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,775	660	1,110
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	625	335	290
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	880	400	485
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	20	30
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	13,715	6,565	7,145
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	60,390	29,680	30,710
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	23,960	11,615	12,345
South Asian	3,490	1,705	1,780
Chinese	7,075	3,505	3,570
Black	1,235	640	595
Filipino	3,060	1,355	1,710
Arab	605	285	315
Latin American	1,155	555	605
Southeast Asian	880	415	465
West Asian	2,355	1,205	1,150
Korean	1,910	910	995
Japanese	775	340	430
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	310	155	155
Multiple visible minorities	1,115	545	570
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	36,430	18,065	18,365
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	60,395	29,680	30,710
Canadian	6,120	3,225	2,900
English	11,240	5,380	5,850
Irish	6,985	3,315	3,665
Scottish	9,045	4,305	4,735
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,140	1,505	1,635
German	5,270	2,670	2,600
Chinese	6,820	3,340	3,480
Italian	2,890	1,425	1,460
Indian (India)	2,230	1,065	1,160
Ukrainian	2,485	1,195	1,285
Dutch	1,755	915	845
Polish	1,920	920	1,000
Québécois	25	20	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,885	920	965
Filipino	3,005	1,335	1,670
French Canadian	520	260	255
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	950	510	445
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	570	285	290
Métis	705	360	340
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,400	700	700
Russian	1,775	845	925
Norwegian	1,400	675	725
Welsh	1,110	540	575
Portuguese	735	375	360
American	620	295	325
Spanish	990	420	575
Swedish	1,090	510	580
Hungarian	645	305	340
Acadian	40	10	30
Pakistani	220	105	115
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	395	220	180
Jewish	420	215	200
Punjabi	270	120	150
Vietnamese	670	310	365
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	255	120	135
Greek	300	165	140
Jamaican	195	90	110
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	720	330	390
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	180	75	110
Korean	1,800	870	935
Romanian	715	350	360
Lebanese	120	60	55
Iranian	1,450	780	670
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	310	165	145
Danish	560	280	280
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	185	100	85
Sikh	420	190	230
Austrian	400	165	235
Belgian	200	105	95
Haitian	25	0	20
Hindu	195	125	75
Mexican	250	100	150
Mennonite	95	55	45
Swiss	235	105	125
Finnish	540	250	285
Sri Lankan	85	40	40
Croatian	505	210	295
Japanese	985	430	550
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	160	80	80
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	10	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	360	175	185
Muslim	70	40	30
Egyptian	100	50	50
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	180	80	100
Tamil	45	35	10
Icelandic	260	90	165
Colombian	145	75	70
Moroccan	35	25	10
Czech	345	155	185
Syrian	110	40	70
Guyanese	45	25	20
Afghan	490	210	280
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	160	110	50
Serbian	215	115	105
Ojibway	65	35	35
Newfoundlander	15	15	0
Hong Konger	565	295	265
Ontarian	45	15	30
Persian	590	310	280
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	40	20
Turkish	145	85	60
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	0	15
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	20	0	10
Brazilian	195	85	110
Nigerian	35	20	20
Armenian	105	55	55
Slovak	180	90	90
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	250	95	155
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	390	210	180
Iraqi	170	95	75
Salvadorean	170	95	75
African Caribbean	60	20	35
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	190	85	110
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	175	75	100
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	20	35
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	20	0
Lithuanian	60	20	40
South African	250	145	105
Australian	195	105	90
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	130	85	45
Congolese	60	35	25
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	95	45	55
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	90	45	50
Peruvian	95	40	50
Yoruba	25	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	0	25
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	55	30	25
Maltese	15	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	55	35	25
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	170	100	75
New Brunswicker	10	10	0
Gujarati	15	0	15
Eritrean	55	30	20
African Canadian	25	10	15
Israeli	60	35	20
Mohawk	35	10	30
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65	35	30
Bulgarian	110	45	65
Albertan	55	35	15
Ghanaian	30	15	10
Barbadian	50	10	35
African American	60	35	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	115	55	60
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	45	35
Cuban	45	10	35
Bosnian	60	15	40
Venezuelan	15	0	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	55	35	20
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	45	25	15
Indonesian	115	40	75
Laotian	20	10	10
Ilocano	85	45	35
Northern Irish	60	25	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	20	25
British Columbian	350	180	175
Ecuadorian	10	10	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	55	20	35
Estonian	35	20	15
Kurdish	160	75	80
Fijian	200	90	110
Jatt	35	10	25
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	15	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	75	25	45
Dominican	45	15	25
Nepali	35	20	20
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	115	70	50
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	15
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	85	30	55
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	90	35	55
Sudanese	10	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	75	15	60
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	30	10	15
Buddhist	10	0	10
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	30	20	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	20	20	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	40	25	15
Mauritian	15	10	0
Kenyan	45	25	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	15	0	15
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	90	30	60
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	25	10	20
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	35	20	15
Mayan	10	0	10
Honduran	25	10	10
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	30	25	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	10	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	35	15	20
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	45	20	25
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	20	15	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	20	10	15
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	20	10	10
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	15
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	20	10	10
Roma	10	0	0
Costa Rican	20	10	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	15	10	10
Singaporean	90	30	60
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	50	25	25
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	60,390	29,680	30,715
Buddhist	855	355	495
Christian	23,980	11,000	12,975
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,925	2,710	3,210
Anabaptist	160	80	80
Anglican	1,235	570	660
Baptist	835	415	425
Catholic	9,835	4,615	5,220
Christian Orthodox	1,340	610	725
Jehovah's Witness	295	135	160
Latter Day Saints	145	70	80
Lutheran	670	285	390
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	65	70
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	550	265	285
Presbyterian	365	140	220
Reformed	55	30	25
United Church	1,385	520	870
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,050	480	565
Hindu	755	400	360
Jewish	300	160	145
Muslim	2,590	1,250	1,350
Sikh	1,335	635	705
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45	15	25
Other religions and spiritual traditions	700	340	360
No religion and secular perspectives	29,825	15,520	14,305
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	59,890	29,440	30,440
Non-movers	54,155	26,580	27,575
Movers	5,730	2,865	2,870
Non-migrants	2,365	1,185	1,185
Migrants	3,365	1,680	1,685
Internal migrants	2,940	1,490	1,450
Intraprovincial migrants	2,585	1,310	1,275
Interprovincial migrants	350	180	175
External migrants	425	190	235
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	57,385	28,150	29,230
Non-movers	36,435	17,895	18,540
Movers	20,945	10,255	10,690
Non-migrants	5,355	2,675	2,680
Migrants	15,595	7,580	8,010
Internal migrants	13,325	6,540	6,785
Intraprovincial migrants	11,815	5,795	6,020
Interprovincial migrants	1,510	740	765
External migrants	2,270	1,045	1,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,765	24,790	25,975
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,905	3,685	3,220
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,865	21,110	22,755
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,650	16,955	17,690
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,790	1,675	1,110
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,865	15,285	16,585
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,770	24,795	25,975
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,020	3,105	2,920
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,490	7,605	7,885
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,255	14,085	15,170
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,860	8,135	7,730
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,410	3,375	1,040
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,895	1,125	765
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,520	2,245	275
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,695	4,025	5,665
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,755	735	1,020
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,395	5,950	7,440
Bachelor's degree	9,065	3,970	5,095
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,185	470	715
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	140	160
Master's degree	2,485	1,135	1,350
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355	235	125
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,650	16,960	17,695
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,260	1,340	925
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,790	4,475	4,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,600	11,140	12,455
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,005	6,140	5,865
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,215	2,510	705
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,345	815	525
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,875	1,695	180
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,420	3,060	4,360
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,370	570	805
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,590	5,005	6,590
Bachelor's degree	7,795	3,320	4,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,025	405	625
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	95	150
Master's degree	2,215	975	1,245
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	315	210	105
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,770	24,795	25,975
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,510	10,710	10,800
Education	1,765	385	1,385
13. Education	1,765	385	1,385
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,210	600	610
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	125	55
50. Visual and performing arts	1,035	475	560
Humanities	1,560	530	1,030
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	60	225
23. English language and literature/letters	320	105	220
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	570	195	380
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	65	40
54. History	170	70	100
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,540	1,125	2,410
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	365	120	240
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	610	35	575
22. Legal professions and studies	520	110	405
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	15	45
42. Psychology	640	145	495
45. Social sciences	1,330	695	630
Business, management and public administration	5,945	2,315	3,640
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	235	55	180
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,710	2,255	3,455
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,305	550	760
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	470	145	330
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	380	150	230
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10
40. Physical sciences	380	225	160
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	30	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,480	1,010	470
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,260	910	350
25. Library science	65	0	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	90	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,430	5,755	675
04. Architecture and related services	165	95	65
14. Engineering	1,795	1,445	350
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,290	1,125	165
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,560	1,525	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,050	1,030	25
48. Precision production	565	540	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	440	195	245
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	320	115	205
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	85	40
Health and related fields	4,115	860	3,250
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350	210	150
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,695	625	3,070
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	35	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,455	760	700
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	930	315	620
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	170	115	60
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	320	25
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,655	16,955	17,695
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,050	5,815	5,235
Education	1,370	275	1,100
13. Education	1,370	275	1,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,035	520	520
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	100	40
50. Visual and performing arts	900	420	480
Humanities	1,245	410	840
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	210	45	170
23. English language and literature/letters	260	80	180
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	460	140	310
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	45	30
54. History	140	65	75
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,045	960	2,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	105	230
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	470	40	430
22. Legal professions and studies	465	90	375
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	15	45
42. Psychology	560	125	435
45. Social sciences	1,145	590	565
Business, management and public administration	4,830	1,860	2,970
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	40	160
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,625	1,815	2,800
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,010	390	620
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	115	285
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	80	175
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	310	180	130
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,295	890	405
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,140	825	315
25. Library science	45	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	55	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,030	4,445	585
04. Architecture and related services	145	90	60
14. Engineering	1,485	1,180	310
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	955	815	140
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,175	1,150	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	840	820	25
48. Precision production	420	395	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	350	160	195
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250	95	155
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	60	40
Health and related fields	3,300	690	2,615
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	300	180	120
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,950	485	2,465
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	25	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,080	550	525
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	675	215	460
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	145	95	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	250	230	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	34,655	16,955	17,695
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,050	5,815	5,235
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	23,595	11,140	12,455
Location of study inside Canada	16,945	8,140	8,805
Same as province or territory of residence	14,615	6,930	7,685
Different than province or territory of residence	2,325	1,205	1,125
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,655	3,010	3,650
Americas	980	500	480
United States of America	570	305	265
Mexico	95	40	50
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	140	60	80
Colombia	90	40	45
Peru	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	70	40	25
Europe	1,555	765	790
Belgium	0	0	0
France	50	30	25
Germany	45	35	15
Netherlands	15	15	0
Switzerland	10	0	0
Hungary	40	15	25
Moldova¹⁸³	50	20	30
Poland	120	45	80
Romania	200	105	100
Russian Federation	250	115	130
Ukraine	105	50	55
Ireland⁹⁶	30	10	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	305	170	140
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	25	15	10
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	10
Other locations of study in Europe	270	125	145
Africa	170	80	90
Nigeria	20	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	15	10	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	90	50	40
Other locations of study in Africa	30	15	20
Asia	3,805	1,585	2,220
Iran⁸⁸	425	200	225
Iraq	50	25	25
Israel	30	20	10
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	35	25	10
China⁹⁰	620	270	350
Taiwan	120	40	80
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	45	75
Japan	120	30	90
Korea, South⁹²	615	250	365
Philippines	885	300	585
Viet Nam	30	15	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	360	175	185
Pakistan	50	25	25
Other locations of study in Asia	315	150	165
Oceania	150	75	70
Australia	95	45	55
New Zealand	35	25	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	25	15	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	50,770	24,795	25,975
In the labour force	34,665	17,960	16,705
Employed	31,860	16,505	15,355
Unemployed	2,805	1,455	1,345
Not in the labour force	16,105	6,830	9,270
Participation rate	68.3	72.4	64.3
Employment rate	62.8	66.6	59.1
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.1	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	50,770	24,795	25,975
Did not work¹⁸⁶	16,600	7,185	9,415
Worked	34,165	17,610	16,560
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,585	11,115	8,470
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	14,585	6,495	8,090
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	43.3	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	34,665	17,965	16,705
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	730	385	350
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	33,935	17,580	16,355
Employee	29,250	14,750	14,500
Permanent position	25,485	13,140	12,340
Temporary position	3,770	1,610	2,160
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,120	490	630
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,650	1,120	1,530
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,685	2,835	1,855
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	34,665	17,965	16,705
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	730	385	350
All occupations¹⁹¹	33,935	17,580	16,355
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	345	260	80
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,245	1,805	4,435
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,045	2,410	635
3 Health occupations	2,425	445	1,980
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,110	1,200	2,900
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,355	695	665
6 Sales and service occupations	8,150	3,580	4,570
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,590	5,965	620
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	430	350	80
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,250	870	375
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	34,665	17,965	16,705
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	730	385	350
All industries¹⁹¹	33,935	17,580	16,355
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	215	120	95
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	90	60	25
22 Utilities	300	250	50
23 Construction	3,630	3,085	540
31-33 Manufacturing	2,395	1,590	805
41 Wholesale trade	1,615	1,060	555
44-45 Retail trade	3,655	1,780	1,880
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,815	1,375	445
51 Information and cultural industries	1,055	715	345
52 Finance and insurance	1,460	615	845
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	645	350	290
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,805	1,635	1,165
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	45	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,320	710	600
61 Educational services	2,490	725	1,760
62 Health care and social assistance	4,205	665	3,540
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	845	445	400
72 Accommodation and food services	2,020	830	1,190
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,470	650	820
91 Public administration	1,855	875	980
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	36,700	18,860	17,840
English	34,070	17,605	16,460
French	40	15	30
Non-official language	475	240	240
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	475	240	240
English and French	280	80	205
English and non-official language(s)	1,790	900	895
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	36,700	18,860	17,840
Single responses	36,355	18,695	17,655
Official languages	35,370	18,195	17,180
English	35,260	18,165	17,095
French	115	30	85
Non-official languages	985	500	480
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	985	500	480
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	275	140	135
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	155	80	75
Indo-Aryan languages	75	45	30
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	45	30
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	80	35	45
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	75	30	45
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	60	20	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	50	50
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	90	45	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	35	10	25
Korean	210	125	85
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	0	15
American Sign Language	20	0	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	390	205	185
Chinese languages	390	205	185
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	235	125	110
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	75	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	345	165	180
English and French	45	15	35
English and non-official language(s)	275	150	130
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	20
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	36,700	18,860	17,840
None	34,885	18,000	16,880
English	540	260	285
French	160	50	110
Non-official language	920	460	460
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	920	460	460
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	25
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	65
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	31,860	16,505	15,355
Worked at home	6,690	3,125	3,565
Worked outside Canada	80	45	35
No fixed workplace address	5,070	3,795	1,275
Usual place of work	20,030	9,545	10,485
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	20,030	9,545	10,485
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,725	2,550	3,175
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,945	6,765	7,180
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	305	195	110
Commute to a different province or territory	55	30	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	25,095	13,340	11,760
Car, truck or van	21,555	11,820	9,730
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,850	11,225	8,625
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,700	595	1,105
Public transit	2,005	800	1,205
Walked	800	295	505
Bicycle	240	180	65
Other method	500	245	255
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	25,095	13,340	11,760
Less than 15 minutes	6,165	2,885	3,275
15 to 29 minutes	7,260	3,350	3,905
30 to 44 minutes	5,860	3,490	2,370
45 to 59 minutes	3,280	2,120	1,155
60 minutes and over	2,535	1,485	1,045
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	25,095	13,340	11,760
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,020	1,565	460
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,770	3,100	1,670
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,120	3,075	3,045
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,805	2,090	2,715
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,720	1,675	2,045
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,660	1,835	1,825
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,945	6,135	5,805
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	715	390	330
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,225	5,750	5,480
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,760	4,565	4,195
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	555	310	250
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	345	195	150
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	210	120	95
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,205	4,255	3,950

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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