Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	West Vancouver, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	44,122
Population, 2016¹	42,473
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.9
Total private dwellings²	18,795
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,690
Population density per square kilometre	506.1
Land area in square kilometres	87.18
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	44,125
0 to 14 years	6,160
0 to 4 years	1,295
5 to 9 years	2,115
10 to 14 years	2,750
15 to 64 years	25,390
15 to 19 years	2,940
20 to 24 years	2,305
25 to 29 years	1,455
30 to 34 years	1,370
35 to 39 years	1,965
40 to 44 years	2,375
45 to 49 years	2,970
50 to 54 years	3,520
55 to 59 years	3,325
60 to 64 years	3,175
65 years and over	12,575
65 to 69 years	2,965
70 to 74 years	2,835
75 to 79 years	2,515
80 to 84 years	1,875
85 years and over	2,395
85 to 89 years	1,260
90 to 94 years	915
95 to 99 years	195
100 years and over	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.0
15 to 64 years	57.5
65 years and over	28.5
85 years and over	5.4
Average age of the population	47.6
Median age of the population	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,690
Single-detached house	9,835
Semi-detached house	520
Row house	400
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,520
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,600
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,810
Other single-attached house	5
Movable dwelling⁴	10
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,690
1 person	4,955
2 persons	5,880
3 persons	2,785
4 persons	2,700
5 or more persons	1,365
Number of persons in private households	43,385
Average household size	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	37,965
Married or living common-law	22,940
Married	21,165
Living common-law	1,770
Living common law - Never married	1,005
Living common law - Separated	75
Living common law - Divorced	615
Living common law - Widowed	75
Not married and not living common-law	15,030
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,975
Not married and not living common law - Separated	790
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,590
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,675
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,800
2 persons	6,375
3 persons	2,890
4 persons	2,725
5 or more persons	815
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,800
Total couple families	10,875
Married couples	9,990
With children⁶	5,380
Without children	4,605
Common-law couples	885
With children⁶	290
Without children	595
Total one-parent families	1,930
in which the parent is a woman+	1,585
in which the parent is a man+	340
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	43,385
Total - Persons in census families	36,550
Married spouses or common-law partners	21,745
Parents in one-parent families	1,925
Children⁶	12,875
In a two-parent family	10,005
In a one-parent family	2,870
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,830
Living alone	4,955
Living with other relatives⁷	760
Living with non-relatives only	1,115
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,690
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,170
Couple-family households	9,620
With children⁶	4,980
Without children	4,635
One-parent-family households	1,550
Multigenerational households⁸	480
Multiple-census-family households⁹	165
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	550
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	375
One-person households	4,950
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	37,225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,590
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,625
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,865
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,990
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,240
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,240
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,580
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	37,225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,580
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	105,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	72,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,850
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	105,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,990
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	93,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,205
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,090
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,295
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,950
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,595
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	37,225
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,935
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	178,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,005
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	92.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	51.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	37,230
Without total income	1,630
With total income	35,595
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,640
$10,000 to $19,999	3,790
$20,000 to $29,999	4,695
$30,000 to $39,999	3,430
$40,000 to $49,999	2,695
$50,000 to $59,999	2,245
$60,000 to $69,999	1,875
$70,000 to $79,999	1,495
$80,000 to $89,999	1,355
$90,000 to $99,999	1,100
$100,000 and over	8,270
$100,000 to $149,999	3,265
$150,000 and over	5,005
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	37,230
Without after-tax income	1,605
With after-tax income	35,620
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,130
$10,000 to $19,999	3,950
$20,000 to $29,999	5,115
$30,000 to $39,999	3,760
$40,000 to $49,999	3,045
$50,000 to $59,999	2,425
$60,000 to $69,999	2,035
$70,000 to $79,999	1,600
$80,000 to $89,999	1,275
$90,000 to $99,999	1,035
$100,000 and over	6,240
$100,000 to $124,999	1,745
$125,000 and over	4,495
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	37,230
Without employment income	16,235
With employment income	20,990
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,130
$5,000 to $9,999	1,975
$10,000 to $19,999	2,360
$20,000 to $29,999	1,725
$30,000 to $39,999	1,390
$40,000 to $49,999	1,175
$50,000 to $59,999	1,005
$60,000 to $69,999	905
$70,000 to $79,999	705
$80,000 to $89,999	650
$90,000 to $99,999	580
$100,000 and over	4,390
$100,000 to $124,999	1,040
$125,000 and over	3,355
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	37,225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,205
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,300
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	32,220
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,585
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,145
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	590
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	37,225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,145
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	114,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,255
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	82,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,140
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	115,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,585
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	89,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,050
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,410
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	500
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	37,225
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,760
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	169,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,410
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	55,700
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	95.2
Employment income (%)	49.5
Government transfers (%)	4.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,690
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,950
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,735
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,690
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	212,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	145,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,950
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	92,700
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	70,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,740
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	259,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	174,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,690
Under $5,000	415
$5,000 to $9,999	170
$10,000 to $14,999	210
$15,000 to $19,999	305
$20,000 to $24,999	645
$25,000 to $29,999	525
$30,000 to $34,999	465
$35,000 to $39,999	535
$40,000 to $44,999	520
$45,000 to $49,999	510
$50,000 to $59,999	1,020
$60,000 to $69,999	920
$70,000 to $79,999	820
$80,000 to $89,999	780
$90,000 to $99,999	690
$100,000 and over	9,170
$100,000 to $124,999	1,495
$125,000 to $149,999	1,245
$150,000 to $199,999	1,755
$200,000 and over	4,675
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,690
Under $5,000	615
$5,000 to $9,999	175
$10,000 to $14,999	215
$15,000 to $19,999	320
$20,000 to $24,999	685
$25,000 to $29,999	560
$30,000 to $34,999	540
$35,000 to $39,999	610
$40,000 to $44,999	640
$45,000 to $49,999	615
$50,000 to $59,999	1,065
$60,000 to $69,999	1,075
$70,000 to $79,999	925
$80,000 to $89,999	845
$90,000 to $99,999	755
$100,000 and over	8,055
$100,000 to $124,999	1,705
$125,000 to $149,999	1,285
$150,000 and over	5,070
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,560
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,795
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,685
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,810
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,070
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,545
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	258,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	172,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,785
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	280,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	196,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,715
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	282,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	180,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,775
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,500
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,100
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	85,700
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	65,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	43,385
0 to 17 years	7,975
0 to 5 years	1,635
18 to 64 years	23,495
65 years and over	11,910
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,660
0 to 17 years	1,660
0 to 5 years	345
18 to 64 years	3,660
65 years and over	1,340
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	20.8
0 to 5 years (%)	21.3
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6
65 years and over (%)	11.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	43,380
0 to 17 years	7,980
0 to 5 years	1,640
18 to 64 years	23,495
65 years and over	11,910
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,750
0 to 17 years	1,255
0 to 5 years	255
18 to 64 years	2,825
65 years and over	665
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.9
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0
65 years and over (%)	5.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	43,385
In bottom half of the distribution	17,440
In bottom decile	6,275
In second decile	3,275
In third decile	2,785
In fourth decile	2,560
In fifth decile	2,540
In top half of the distribution	25,945
In sixth decile	2,660
In seventh decile	2,730
In eighth decile	3,010
In ninth decile	4,515
In top decile	13,030
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	43,380
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.574
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.631
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.510
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	9.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	43,570
English only	37,370
French only	10
English and French	4,555
Neither English nor French	1,630
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	43,570
English	41,070
French	465
English and French	445
Neither English nor French	1,585
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	43,570
Single responses	41,945
Official languages	24,875
English	24,445
French	430
Non-official languages	17,070
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,065
Afro-Asiatic languages	215
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	215
Amharic	5
Arabic	180
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	310
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	15
Indonesian	25
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	245
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	30
Kannada	0
Malayalam	10
Tamil	15
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	8,400
Albanian	0
Armenian	40
Balto-Slavic languages	1,100
Baltic languages	20
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	1,075
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	25
Czech	115
Macedonian	0
Polish	200
Russian	415
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	155
Bosnian	15
Croatian	65
Serbian	75
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	75
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	85
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	5
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,060
Frisian	0
High German languages	640
German	615
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	25
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235
Afrikaans	60
Dutch	175
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	175
Danish	90
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	40
Swedish	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	55
Indo-Iranian languages	5,190
Indo-Aryan languages	375
Assamese	0
Bengali	15
Gujarati	125
Hindi	65
Kacchi	20
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	4,820
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	20
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	4,790
Dari	30
Iranian Persian	4,400
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	365
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	950
Catalan	0
Italian	220
Portuguese	145
Romanian	70
Spanish	515
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	250
Korean	630
Mongolian	15
Niger-Congo languages	20
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,835
Chinese languages	6,835
Hakka	10
Mandarin	5,675
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	115
Wu (Shanghainese)	55
Yue (Cantonese)	950
Chinese, n.o.s.	35
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	0
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	160
Azerbaijani	35
Kazakh	0
Turkish	125
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	130
Estonian	20
Finnish	35
Hungarian	80
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,620
English and French	140
English and non-official language(s)	1,255
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	50
Multiple non-official languages	150
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	43,570
English	26,220
French	105
Non-official language	6,220
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	6,220
English and French	380
English and non-official language(s)	9,895
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	435
Multiple non-official languages	310
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	43,570
Single responses	41,595
Official languages	30,820
English	30,650
French	165
Non-official languages	10,775
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,775
Afro-Asiatic languages	75
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	75
Amharic	0
Arabic	60
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	80
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	10
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	4,715
Albanian	0
Armenian	25
Balto-Slavic languages	450
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	450
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	35
Macedonian	0
Polish	60
Russian	250
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	50
Bosnian	10
Croatian	15
Serbian	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	175
Frisian	0
High German languages	95
German	90
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	30
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	3,620
Indo-Aryan languages	130
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	40
Hindi	25
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	3,485
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	15
Parsi	5
Pashto	0
Persian languages	3,470
Dari	20
Iranian Persian	3,185
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	265
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	440
Catalan	0
Italian	40
Portuguese	80
Romanian	25
Spanish	295
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	135
Korean	425
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,200
Chinese languages	5,200
Hakka	0
Mandarin	4,580
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	35
Yue (Cantonese)	530
Chinese, n.o.s.	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	65
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	55
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	20
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,970
English and French	70
English and non-official language(s)	1,840
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	40
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	43,570
None	34,245
English	3,960
French	340
Non-official language	4,060
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	4,055
English and French	80
English and non-official language(s)	295
French and non-official language(s)	235
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	345
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	43,385
Official languages	41,745
English	41,740
French	4,680
Non-official languages	21,245
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,245
Afro-Asiatic languages	520
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	520
Amharic	15
Arabic	405
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	105
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	75
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	495
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	35
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	40
Indonesian	65
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	385
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	30
Kannada	0
Malayalam	15
Tamil	15
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	11,250
Albanian	0
Armenian	35
Balto-Slavic languages	1,395
Baltic languages	35
Latvian	20
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	1,370
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	25
Czech	140
Macedonian	0
Polish	245
Russian	575
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	285
Bosnian	60
Croatian	120
Serbian	135
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	115
Slovene (Slovenian)	20
Ukrainian	165
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	55
Irish	30
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,850
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,295
German	1,265
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	45
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	415
Afrikaans	190
Dutch	225
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	240
Danish	95
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	70
Swedish	90
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	90
Indo-Iranian languages	6,210
Indo-Aryan languages	705
Assamese	0
Bengali	30
Gujarati	270
Hindi	345
Kacchi	110
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	10
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	80
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	5,510
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	70
Parsi	10
Pashto	0
Persian languages	5,480
Dari	20
Iranian Persian	5,095
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	400
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,280
Catalan	0
Italian	480
Portuguese	240
Romanian	55
Spanish	1,685
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10
Japanese	510
Korean	730
Mongolian	25
Niger-Congo languages	95
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	90
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,945
Chinese languages	7,945
Hakka	0
Mandarin	7,225
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	180
Wu (Shanghainese)	140
Yue (Cantonese)	1,245
Chinese, n.o.s.	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	0
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	355
Azerbaijani	130
Kazakh	0
Turkish	270
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	140
Estonian	20
Finnish	45
Hungarian	75
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,385
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	425
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	420
First Nations (North American Indian)	205
Métis	210
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0
Non-Indigenous identity	42,955
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,385
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	43,265
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,690
Owner	12,535
Renter	5,155
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,690
Condominium	3,805
Not condominium	13,885
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,690
No bedrooms	310
1 bedroom	2,625
2 bedrooms	3,710
3 bedrooms	3,770
4 or more bedrooms	7,275
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,690
1 to 4 rooms	4,980
5 rooms	2,195
6 rooms	1,805
7 rooms	1,955
8 or more rooms	6,750
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,690
One person or fewer per room	17,305
More than one person per room	385
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,690
Suitable	16,955
Not suitable	735
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,690
1960 or before	3,730
1961 to 1980	5,795
1981 to 1990	2,560
1991 to 2000	2,015
2001 to 2005	705
2006 to 2010	1,015
2011 to 2015	930
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	940
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,690
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,770
Major repairs needed	920
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,690
One-maintainer household	9,640
Two-maintainer household	7,390
Three-or-more-maintainer household	665
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,690
15 to 24 years	130
25 to 34 years	695
35 to 44 years	1,970
45 to 54 years	3,505
55 to 64 years	3,610
65 to 74 years	3,490
75 to 84 years	2,795
85 years and over	1,495
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	17,590
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,620
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,970
30% to less than 100%	4,940
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,690
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,890
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,290
Not suitable only	415
Major repairs needed only	465
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	260
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	400
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25
Acceptable housing	9,800
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	15,560
In core need	2,475
Not in core need	13,085
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,540
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	44.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.9
% in core housing need⁶³	9.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	3,204
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	2,500,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	3,128,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,150
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	56.1
% in core housing need⁶³	31.3
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,060
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,792
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	43,385
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	75
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	75
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	50
Métis single ancestry	20
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	465
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	455
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	42,840
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	43,380
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	36,820
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,725
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	30,090
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,565
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	43,380
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	22,040
Immigrants⁸¹	19,810
Before 1980	4,235
1980 to 1990	1,810
1991 to 2000	3,290
2001 to 2010	5,225
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,250
2011 to 2015	3,170
2016 to 2021	2,075
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,530
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,815
Under 5 years	1,770
5 to 14 years	3,140
15 to 24 years	3,060
25 to 44 years	9,110
45 years and over	2,730
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,815
Americas	1,490
Brazil	55
Colombia	35
El Salvador	0
Guyana	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	35
Mexico	175
Peru	50
Trinidad and Tobago	40
United States of America	880
Other places of birth in Americas	185
Europe	4,475
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55
Croatia	60
France	75
Germany	425
Greece	25
Hungary	65
Italy	115
Netherlands	145
Poland	195
Portugal	30
Romania	40
Russian Federation	170
Serbia⁸⁶	65
Ukraine	125
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,105
Other places of birth in Europe	775
Africa	945
Algeria	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10
Egypt	70
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	15
Morocco	15
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	380
Other places of birth in Africa	420
Asia	12,565
Afghanistan	10
Iran⁸⁸	4,405
Iraq	35
Lebanon	10
Syria⁸⁹	15
Turkey	60
China⁹⁰	5,295
Hong Kong⁹¹	475
Korea, South⁹²	500
Taiwan	315
Philippines	345
Viet Nam	60
Bangladesh	0
India	330
Pakistan	55
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	640
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	340
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,080
Americas	295
Brazil	25
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	15
United States of America	205
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	45
Europe	290
France	20
Germany	30
Ireland⁹⁶	10
Italy	0
Russian Federation	50
Ukraine	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105
Other places of birth in Europe	40
Africa	35
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	15
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	1,425
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	815
Hong Kong⁹¹	35
India	65
Iran⁸⁸	250
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	45
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	40
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	75
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	10
Other places of birth in Asia	65
Oceania and other⁹³	40
Australia	30
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	43,385
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,520
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,480
Third generation or more¹⁰²	11,390
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15,585
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,230
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,360
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,870
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,510
Refugees¹⁰⁸	595
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	250
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15,585
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	280
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,410
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	675
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	625
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,495
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	43,385
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	18,765
South Asian	1,405
Chinese	8,780
Black	185
Filipino	465
Arab	280
Latin American	430
Southeast Asian	305
West Asian	5,030
Korean	745
Japanese	465
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	205
Multiple visible minorities	465
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	24,620
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	43,380
Canadian	2,525
English	8,550
Irish	4,935
Scottish	6,065
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,795
German	3,080
Chinese	8,095
Italian	1,355
Indian (India)	1,075
Ukrainian	1,260
Dutch	945
Polish	1,030
Québécois	30
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,270
Filipino	505
French Canadian	280
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	765
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	125
Métis	200
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	825
Russian	830
Norwegian	775
Welsh	965
Portuguese	200
American	745
Spanish	470
Swedish	715
Hungarian	335
Acadian	35
Pakistani	65
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95
Jewish	555
Punjabi	50
Vietnamese	125
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	135
Greek	315
Jamaican	75
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	665
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65
Korean	735
Romanian	170
Lebanese	120
Iranian	4,410
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	185
Danish	410
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	50
Sikh	30
Austrian	335
Belgian	110
Haitian	0
Hindu	90
Mexican	350
Mennonite	60
Swiss	305
Finnish	280
Sri Lankan	10
Croatian	240
Japanese	520
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	110
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	235
Muslim	140
Egyptian	165
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	100
Tamil	0
Icelandic	190
Colombian	85
Moroccan	0
Czech	260
Syrian	35
Guyanese	45
Afghan	25
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35
Serbian	165
Ojibway	15
Newfoundlander	20
Hong Konger	100
Ontarian	15
Persian	1,570
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35
Turkish	125
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	75
Nigerian	0
Armenian	70
Slovak	230
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	195
Somali	0
Taiwanese	295
Iraqi	50
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	130
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	100
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25
Lithuanian	95
South African	340
Australian	245
Palestinian	90
Chilean	30
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	35
Ethiopian	15
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20
Peruvian	55
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	0
Macedonian	25
Slovenian	80
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	15
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	20
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25
Bulgarian	40
Albertan	10
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	30
African American	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	65
Tunisian	45
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60
Cuban	0
Bosnian	60
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	95
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	15
Indonesian	85
Laotian	0
Ilocano	25
Northern Irish	60
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	105
British Columbian	125
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	35
Estonian	60
Kurdish	70
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25
Coptic	0
Thai	15
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	10
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	85
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	25
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	35
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	20
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	65
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	65
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	15
United Empire Loyalist	40
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	45
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	35
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	15
Burmese	0
Mongolian	45
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	55
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	43,385
Buddhist	650
Christian	14,710
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,910
Anabaptist	35
Anglican	2,590
Baptist	325
Catholic	4,515
Christian Orthodox	475
Jehovah's Witness	55
Latter Day Saints	35
Lutheran	515
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	155
Presbyterian	425
Reformed	15
United Church	1,880
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	705
Hindu	300
Jewish	555
Muslim	3,855
Sikh	135
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	555
No religion and secular perspectives	22,625
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	43,225
Non-movers	37,220
Movers	6,005
Non-migrants	2,985
Migrants	3,020
Internal migrants	2,095
Intraprovincial migrants	1,695
Interprovincial migrants	400
External migrants	930
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	42,105
Non-movers	25,515
Movers	16,585
Non-migrants	5,285
Migrants	11,295
Internal migrants	7,610
Intraprovincial migrants	6,395
Interprovincial migrants	1,215
External migrants	3,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,225
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,065
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	34,155
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,070
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	455
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,615
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,225
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,855
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,605
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,760
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,275
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	635
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	640
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,215
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,635
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,635
Bachelor's degree	10,475
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,395
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	960
Master's degree	4,805
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	995
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,075
No certificate, diploma or degree	405
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,170
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,495
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,070
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	625
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	305
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	315
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,335
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,110
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,425
Bachelor's degree	6,995
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	795
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	625
Master's degree	3,420
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	590
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	37,230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,460
Education	1,420
13. Education	1,420
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,320
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80
50. Visual and performing arts	1,245
Humanities	1,805
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	285
23. English language and literature/letters	515
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	500
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95
39. Theology and religious vocations	35
54. History	245
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,885
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	240
22. Legal professions and studies	1,030
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70
42. Psychology	675
45. Social sciences	1,480
Business, management and public administration	6,825
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,640
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,520
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	625
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	315
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	530
41. Science technologies/technicians	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,005
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	705
25. Library science	95
27. Mathematics and statistics	170
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,725
04. Architecture and related services	540
14. Engineering	2,200
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	440
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	295
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	175
48. Precision production	70
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	425
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	275
03. Natural resources and conservation	150
Health and related fields	3,230
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,595
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	380
Personal, protective and transportation services	590
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	450
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	85
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,575
Education	590
13. Education	590
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	910
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50
50. Visual and performing arts	860
Humanities	1,130
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	200
23. English language and literature/letters	300
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	20
54. History	140
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,585
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	125
22. Legal professions and studies	685
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40
42. Psychology	425
45. Social sciences	995
Business, management and public administration	4,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	80
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,750
Physical and life sciences and technologies	945
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	465
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	275
41. Science technologies/technicians	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	600
25. Library science	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	95
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,295
04. Architecture and related services	325
14. Engineering	1,430
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	265
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	145
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	85
48. Precision production	45
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	285
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	175
03. Natural resources and conservation	115
Health and related fields	1,845
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,465
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	225
Personal, protective and transportation services	330
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	265
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	35
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,575
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	16,495
Location of study inside Canada	9,090
Same as province or territory of residence	6,590
Different than province or territory of residence	2,500
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,405
Americas	1,310
United States of America	1,120
Mexico	75
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	65
Colombia	20
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	25
Europe	1,465
Belgium	15
France	80
Germany	105
Netherlands	25
Switzerland	40
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	35
Romania	15
Russian Federation	90
Ukraine	65
Ireland⁹⁶	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	765
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15
Italy	30
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	130
Africa	175
Nigeria	0
Algeria	10
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	40
South Africa, Republic of	115
Other locations of study in Africa	10
Asia	4,295
Iran⁸⁸	1,290
Iraq	15
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	10
Turkey	20
China⁹⁰	2,125
Taiwan	55
Hong Kong⁹¹	35
Japan	80
Korea, South⁹²	205
Philippines	225
Viet Nam	20
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	125
Pakistan	20
Other locations of study in Asia	80
Oceania	160
Australia	125
New Zealand	35
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	37,225
In the labour force	19,485
Employed	17,640
Unemployed	1,840
Not in the labour force	17,745
Participation rate	52.3
Employment rate	47.4
Unemployment rate	9.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	37,230
Did not work¹⁸⁶	17,890
Worked	19,340
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,795
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,540
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	19,485
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	580
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	18,900
Employee	11,935
Permanent position	9,085
Temporary position	2,845
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,075
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,775
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,975
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	19,485
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	580
All occupations¹⁹¹	18,900
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,240
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,530
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,835
3 Health occupations	1,455
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,275
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,470
6 Sales and service occupations	4,355
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,350
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	180
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	210
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	19,485
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	580
All industries¹⁹¹	18,900
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	80
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180
22 Utilities	60
23 Construction	1,065
31-33 Manufacturing	580
41 Wholesale trade	625
44-45 Retail trade	1,930
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	410
51 Information and cultural industries	565
52 Finance and insurance	1,645
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,500
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,420
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	610
61 Educational services	1,390
62 Health care and social assistance	1,940
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	740
72 Accommodation and food services	920
81 Other services (except public administration)	645
91 Public administration	515
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	21,270
English	18,500
French	20
Non-official language	685
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	685
English and French	135
English and non-official language(s)	1,850
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50
Multiple non-official languages	25
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	21,270
Single responses	20,870
Official languages	19,735
English	19,700
French	35
Non-official languages	1,130
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,130
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	15
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	275
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	30
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	225
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	225
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	225
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	195
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	15
Korean	40
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	775
Chinese languages	775
Hakka	0
Mandarin	755
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	405
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	395
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	21,270
None	19,590
English	420
French	115
Non-official language	1,005
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,005
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	15
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	90
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	17,640
Worked at home	7,140
Worked outside Canada	290
No fixed workplace address	1,665
Usual place of work	8,550
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,550
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,050
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,295
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	155
Commute to a different province or territory	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,215
Car, truck or van	8,135
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,495
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	640
Public transit	710
Walked	790
Bicycle	170
Other method	395
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,215
Less than 15 minutes	2,810
15 to 29 minutes	4,070
30 to 44 minutes	2,060
45 to 59 minutes	775
60 minutes and over	505
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,215
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	220
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,115
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,785
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,995
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,175
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,210
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,430
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,805
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	680
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	425
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	250
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,130

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 10, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table