Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Maple Ridge, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision] Remove	Greater Vancouver, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	90,990	2,642,825
Population, 2016¹	82,256	2,463,431
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.6	7.3
Total private dwellings²	34,254	1,104,532
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	33,103	1,043,319
Population density per square kilometre	339.7	918.0
Land area in square kilometres	267.82	2,878.93
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	90,990	2,642,825
0 to 14 years	16,070	372,045
0 to 4 years	4,985	114,775
5 to 9 years	5,500	125,295
10 to 14 years	5,580	131,980
15 to 64 years	60,310	1,809,990
15 to 19 years	5,250	137,415
20 to 24 years	4,895	174,255
25 to 29 years	4,900	201,265
30 to 34 years	5,975	210,030
35 to 39 years	6,850	199,405
40 to 44 years	6,240	178,105
45 to 49 years	6,130	172,885
50 to 54 years	6,805	183,290
55 to 59 years	6,890	184,880
60 to 64 years	6,375	168,450
65 years and over	14,615	460,790
65 to 69 years	4,895	144,280
70 to 74 years	3,940	121,230
75 to 79 years	2,470	80,025
80 to 84 years	1,610	56,105
85 years and over	1,690	59,150
85 to 89 years	1,075	35,605
90 to 94 years	450	17,875
95 to 99 years	140	4,850
100 years and over	25	820
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.7	14.1
15 to 64 years	66.3	68.5
65 years and over	16.1	17.4
85 years and over	1.9	2.2
Average age of the population	40.8	41.7
Median age of the population	41.2	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	33,100	1,043,320
Single-detached house	17,410	288,775
Semi-detached house	945	22,025
Row house	4,405	105,965
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,375	167,855
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,760	255,550
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,000	197,280
Other single-attached house	5	1,340
Movable dwelling⁴	195	4,525
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	33,105	1,043,320
1 person	7,315	303,030
2 persons	10,425	332,130
3 persons	5,740	164,100
4 persons	5,880	146,150
5 or more persons	3,735	97,910
Number of persons in private households	89,840	2,607,015
Average household size	2.7	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	74,920	2,270,780
Married or living common-law	45,305	1,283,005
Married	37,570	1,100,315
Living common-law	7,735	182,695
Living common law - Never married	5,360	142,340
Living common law - Separated	440	5,995
Living common law - Divorced	1,775	31,570
Living common law - Widowed	155	2,790
Not married and not living common-law	29,615	987,775
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,140	694,885
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,180	53,410
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,640	134,670
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,655	104,810
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,070	724,930
2 persons	12,085	359,330
3 persons	6,000	167,280
4 persons	5,895	150,890
5 or more persons	2,085	47,440
Average size of census families	3.0	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,075	724,930
Total couple families	22,160	615,345
Married couples	18,290	524,010
With children⁶	10,830	303,525
Without children	7,465	220,485
Common-law couples	3,865	91,335
With children⁶	1,650	23,510
Without children	2,215	67,825
Total one-parent families	3,915	109,590
in which the parent is a woman+	2,945	87,695
in which the parent is a man+	965	21,895
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	89,840	2,607,015
Total - Persons in census families	76,805	2,073,700
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,320	1,230,685
Parents in one-parent families	3,910	109,590
Children⁶	28,570	733,425
In a two-parent family	22,745	574,915
In a one-parent family	5,825	158,505
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,035	533,310
Living alone	7,315	303,030
Living with other relatives⁷	2,525	83,900
Living with non-relatives only	3,190	146,385
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	33,105	1,043,315
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,865	580,980
Couple-family households	18,090	499,615
With children⁶	10,265	263,600
Without children	7,825	236,015
One-parent-family households	2,775	81,360
Multigenerational households⁸	1,680	49,135
Multiple-census-family households⁹	480	11,915
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,645	39,725
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,110	58,530
One-person households	7,315	303,030
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	73,775	2,235,455
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,240	2,160,680
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,305	2,161,860
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,430	1,936,905
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,145	1,569,015
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,910	1,770,635
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,530	185,775
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,140	632,110
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	73,805	2,235,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,340	2,159,815
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,200	56,650
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,375	2,160,985
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,880	46,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,405	1,935,565
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	53,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,140	1,569,015
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,700	53,650
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,950	1,768,405
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,810	10,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,560	185,340
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,310	6,490
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,910	630,145
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,810	9,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	73,805	2,235,445
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,275	728,635
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,700	82,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,915	636,030
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,560	30,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.4	85.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.4	68.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.6	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	73,780	2,235,460
Without total income	2,535	74,780
With total income	71,245	2,160,675
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,085	229,760
$10,000 to $19,999	7,585	248,480
$20,000 to $29,999	9,820	325,665
$30,000 to $39,999	8,315	260,250
$40,000 to $49,999	7,550	222,385
$50,000 to $59,999	6,425	184,935
$60,000 to $69,999	5,555	146,880
$70,000 to $79,999	4,480	115,620
$80,000 to $89,999	3,560	91,245
$90,000 to $99,999	2,975	72,940
$100,000 and over	8,875	262,520
$100,000 to $149,999	6,375	164,230
$150,000 and over	2,500	98,290
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	73,780	2,235,460
Without after-tax income	2,470	73,600
With after-tax income	71,310	2,161,860
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,330	238,430
$10,000 to $19,999	7,830	256,780
$20,000 to $29,999	11,125	365,930
$30,000 to $39,999	9,740	299,665
$40,000 to $49,999	8,795	255,155
$50,000 to $59,999	7,520	200,175
$60,000 to $69,999	5,730	147,710
$70,000 to $79,999	4,290	109,585
$80,000 to $89,999	3,345	80,250
$90,000 to $99,999	2,110	54,010
$100,000 and over	4,490	154,165
$100,000 to $124,999	2,615	72,800
$125,000 and over	1,880	81,370
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	73,780	2,235,460
Without employment income	20,635	666,445
With employment income	53,145	1,569,010
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,225	203,790
$5,000 to $9,999	3,705	130,600
$10,000 to $19,999	5,575	182,310
$20,000 to $29,999	4,270	137,610
$30,000 to $39,999	4,500	135,255
$40,000 to $49,999	4,400	134,010
$50,000 to $59,999	4,470	126,735
$60,000 to $69,999	4,035	105,025
$70,000 to $79,999	3,440	85,095
$80,000 to $89,999	2,785	70,465
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	58,530
$100,000 and over	7,260	199,585
$100,000 to $124,999	3,630	86,360
$125,000 and over	3,630	113,225
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	73,775	2,235,455
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,400	2,087,955
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,555	2,092,110
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,735	1,907,325
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,525	1,592,300
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,620	1,393,380
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,360	3,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,030	110,515
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	73,805	2,235,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,355	2,086,875
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,350	54,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,535	2,090,930
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,560	44,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,640	1,905,655
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,150	54,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,325	1,592,505
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,650	52,300
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,380	1,391,425
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,610	7,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,035	110,385
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,330	7,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	73,805	2,235,445
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,080	719,975
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	61,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,400	76,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,715	596,215
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	25,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,600	36,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	91.2
Employment income (%)	77.2	73.6
Government transfers (%)	10.3	8.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	33,105	1,043,320
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,000	90,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	79,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,315	303,030
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	45,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	41,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,785	740,285
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,000	114,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	100,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	33,110	1,043,320
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	118,900	117,300
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	101,100	96,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,325	302,895
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,050	59,550
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	49,160
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,790	740,425
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,000	140,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,100	116,300
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	33,105	1,043,320
Under $5,000	250	20,105
$5,000 to $9,999	125	8,225
$10,000 to $14,999	210	10,585
$15,000 to $19,999	490	20,590
$20,000 to $24,999	995	39,230
$25,000 to $29,999	855	30,285
$30,000 to $34,999	775	30,830
$35,000 to $39,999	885	35,445
$40,000 to $44,999	895	33,750
$45,000 to $49,999	970	33,710
$50,000 to $59,999	1,895	68,050
$60,000 to $69,999	1,940	66,550
$70,000 to $79,999	1,875	64,050
$80,000 to $89,999	1,780	60,070
$90,000 to $99,999	1,750	55,585
$100,000 and over	17,405	466,250
$100,000 to $124,999	4,285	118,385
$125,000 to $149,999	3,620	92,470
$150,000 to $199,999	5,005	120,095
$200,000 and over	4,495	135,305
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	33,105	1,043,320
Under $5,000	280	22,790
$5,000 to $9,999	130	8,405
$10,000 to $14,999	210	10,875
$15,000 to $19,999	510	21,425
$20,000 to $24,999	1,055	41,415
$25,000 to $29,999	945	34,225
$30,000 to $34,999	940	35,420
$35,000 to $39,999	950	40,580
$40,000 to $44,999	1,120	39,605
$45,000 to $49,999	1,075	40,015
$50,000 to $59,999	2,380	80,010
$60,000 to $69,999	2,200	77,200
$70,000 to $79,999	2,160	72,480
$80,000 to $89,999	2,195	66,915
$90,000 to $99,999	2,205	60,370
$100,000 and over	14,740	391,580
$100,000 to $124,999	4,815	124,245
$125,000 to $149,999	3,650	89,890
$150,000 and over	6,280	177,450
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,105	700,885
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000	113,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	100,000
Average family size of economic families	3.2	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,190	247,460
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	99,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	87,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,540	326,565
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	141,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	123,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,470	97,675
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	73,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	67,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,510	449,415
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,055	700,360
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,600	141,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,800	116,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,175	246,715
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,600	125,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,200	102,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,545	326,830
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	163,000	169,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,200	138,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,445	96,940
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,500	88,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,700	76,300
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,500	448,025
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,040	52,650
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,440	44,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	89,840	2,607,010
0 to 17 years	19,280	451,730
0 to 5 years	6,120	139,005
18 to 64 years	56,725	1,716,485
65 years and over	13,830	438,795
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,155	289,615
0 to 17 years	1,335	52,575
0 to 5 years	400	15,240
18 to 64 years	3,260	174,150
65 years and over	1,560	62,895
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.9	11.1
0 to 17 years (%)	6.9	11.6
0 to 5 years (%)	6.6	11.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	10.2
65 years and over (%)	11.3	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	89,840	2,596,300
0 to 17 years	19,285	449,990
0 to 5 years	6,120	138,435
18 to 64 years	56,730	1,709,765
65 years and over	13,825	436,545
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,820	200,160
0 to 17 years	785	31,010
0 to 5 years	210	8,255
18 to 64 years	2,465	143,600
65 years and over	575	25,555
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	7.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.1	6.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	8.4
65 years and over (%)	4.1	5.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	89,840	2,607,010
In bottom half of the distribution	34,055	1,160,745
In bottom decile	5,955	286,250
In second decile	5,780	218,965
In third decile	6,675	211,650
In fourth decile	7,195	215,485
In fifth decile	8,450	228,400
In top half of the distribution	55,785	1,446,270
In sixth decile	9,460	240,740
In seventh decile	10,465	257,800
In eighth decile	11,715	279,315
In ninth decile	13,235	309,635
In top decile	10,915	358,770
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	89,840	2,607,015
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	0.366
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.373	0.459
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.255	0.321
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	4.3
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	89,970	2,619,420
English only	83,715	2,307,135
French only	25	1,095
English and French	5,125	170,965
Neither English nor French	1,110	140,240
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	89,970	2,619,420
English	87,790	2,441,160
French	835	25,925
English and French	290	14,255
Neither English nor French	1,065	138,090
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	89,970	2,619,420
Single responses	87,410	2,476,420
Official languages	71,520	1,365,700
English	70,630	1,340,995
French	885	24,710
Non-official languages	15,890	1,110,720
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	555
Algonquian languages	5	260
Blackfoot	0	15
Cree-Innu languages	0	175
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	175
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	15
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	50
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	15
Cree, n.o.s.	0	100
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5
Mi'kmaq	0	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	60
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	5
Ojibway languages	5	55
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	15
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	70
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	70
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	35
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	5
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	10
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	10
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	10
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	5
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	5
Michif	0	10
Salish languages	0	55
Halkomelem	0	15
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	10
Squamish	0	25
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Siouan languages	0	5
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	60
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	30
Nisga'a	0	20
Tsimshian	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	45
Haisla	0	5
Heiltsuk	0	15
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	15,890	1,110,165
Afro-Asiatic languages	425	26,995
Berber languages	10	90
Kabyle	10	65
Tamazight	0	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Chadic languages	0	40
Hausa	0	25
Mina	0	10
Coptic	5	10
Cushitic languages	0	1,715
Bilen	0	25
Oromo	0	240
Somali	0	1,400
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	55
Semitic languages	415	25,150
Amharic	10	1,320
Arabic	355	18,130
Aramaic languages	15	1,440
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	540
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	780
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	120
Harari	0	15
Hebrew	15	1,925
Maltese	0	60
Tigrigna	15	2,240
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	28,110
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	1,210
Vietnamese	290	26,850
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	45
Austronesian languages	1,575	85,375
Bikol	0	345
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	1,025
Cebuano	55	2,615
Fijian	5	265
Hiligaynon	30	1,595
Ilocano	40	5,425
Indonesian	40	3,665
Kankanaey	0	170
Kinaray-a	0	105
Malagasy languages	0	20
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	20
Malay	5	280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	725
Pangasinan	5	345
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,355	67,790
Waray-Waray	0	260
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	730
Creole languages	15	640
Haitian Creole	0	60
Jamaican English Creole	0	20
Krio	0	20
Morisyen	5	315
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	105
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	115
Dravidian languages	145	10,510
Kannada	0	480
Malayalam	35	3,115
Tamil	40	4,500
Telugu	70	2,335
Tulu	5	65
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Georgian	5	140
Hmong-Mien languages	40	70
Indo-European languages	9,375	474,005
Albanian	25	1,150
Armenian	30	1,185
Balto-Slavic languages	2,080	56,960
Baltic languages	15	625
Latvian	5	295
Lithuanian	10	330
Slavic languages	2,065	56,340
Belarusian	0	45
Bulgarian	75	1,680
Czech	140	3,365
Macedonian	5	245
Polish	560	10,645
Russian	735	20,685
Rusyn	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	310	13,295
Bosnian	70	1,345
Croatian	130	4,990
Serbian	110	6,715
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	245
Slovak	100	2,215
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	475
Ukrainian	125	3,650
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Celtic languages	5	200
Irish	0	80
Scottish Gaelic	0	40
Welsh	0	70
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Germanic languages	1,295	30,225
Frisian	5	55
High German languages	685	18,910
German	665	18,090
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	20	665
Yiddish	0	155
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	480	7,840
Afrikaans	120	1,500
Dutch	360	6,005
Low German, n.o.s.	0	25
Low Saxon	0	20
Plautdietsch	5	165
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	120
Scandinavian languages	120	3,380
Danish	60	1,525
Icelandic	5	115
Norwegian	30	635
Swedish	30	1,110
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	30
Greek	95	4,295
Indo-Iranian languages	3,550	294,870
Indo-Aryan languages	2,125	236,465
Assamese	0	70
Bengali	35	3,870
Gujarati	75	7,075
Hindi	300	27,990
Kacchi	0	1,125
Kashmiri	0	60
Konkani	0	245
Marathi	20	1,370
Nepali	55	1,270
Oriya languages	0	95
Odia	0	60
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,360	180,355
Rohingya	0	65
Sindhi	0	210
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	1,605
Urdu	220	10,495
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	555
Iranian languages	1,430	58,375
Baluchi	0	45
Kurdish	75	2,550
Parsi	0	135
Pashto	20	1,225
Persian languages	1,330	54,350
Dari	345	5,705
Iranian Persian	870	43,720
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	4,925
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Italic (Romance) languages	2,290	85,100
Catalan	5	140
Italian	355	13,285
Portuguese	395	18,185
Romanian	480	6,780
Spanish	1,060	46,645
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	65
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Japanese	200	17,340
Korean	945	52,525
Mongolian	5	410
Niger-Congo languages	85	3,435
Akan (Twi)	5	420
Bamanankan	0	5
Edo	5	55
Éwé	0	85
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	15
Ga	0	35
Ganda	5	125
Gikuyu	0	40
Igbo	10	205
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	215
Lingala	0	55
Luba-Kasai	0	10
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	20
Ndebele	0	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	190
Shona	0	210
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	40
Swahili	20	810
Wojenaka	0	10
Wolof	0	30
Yoruba	15	335
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	495
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	315
Dinka	0	75
Nuer	0	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	175
African, n.o.s.	0	30
Sign languages	20	580
American Sign Language	20	515
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,235	395,250
Chinese languages	2,225	393,030
Hakka	10	1,945
Mandarin	1,480	191,475
Min Dong	0	180
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	11,195
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	3,085
Yue (Cantonese)	635	182,910
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	2,125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	2,150
Burmese	5	930
Kuki-Chin languages	0	205
Karenic languages	5	580
S'gaw Karen	5	525
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	55
Tibetan	0	320
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	115
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	70
Tai-Kadai languages	55	2,960
Lao	10	810
Thai	45	2,045
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	100
Turkic languages	90	5,260
Azerbaijani	20	565
Kazakh	0	100
Turkish	65	4,095
Uyghur	0	225
Uzbek	5	130
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	145
Uralic languages	365	6,145
Estonian	10	340
Finnish	90	1,395
Hungarian	265	4,410
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	100
Multiple responses	2,560	143,005
English and French	290	8,240
English and non-official language(s)	1,990	117,335
French and non-official language(s)	30	1,775
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	2,190
Multiple non-official languages	200	13,465
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	89,970	2,619,420
English	73,370	1,433,630
French	140	5,350
Non-official language	4,115	396,810
Indigenous³⁹	0	75
Non-Indigenous	4,105	396,730
English and French	620	20,960
English and non-official language(s)	11,075	710,270
French and non-official language(s)	20	800
English, French and non-official language(s)	315	16,000
Multiple non-official languages	320	35,600
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	89,970	2,619,420
Single responses	87,490	2,457,520
Official languages	79,180	1,734,900
English	78,960	1,726,210
French	220	8,690
Non-official languages	8,305	722,625
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	110
Algonquian languages	0	40
Blackfoot	0	5
Cree-Innu languages	0	30
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	30
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	5
Tlingit	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	15
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	10
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	15
Halkomelem	0	5
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	5
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	5
Nisga'a	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	5
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,295	722,515
Afro-Asiatic languages	225	16,370
Berber languages	5	25
Kabyle	5	15
Tamazight	0	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Chadic languages	0	5
Hausa	0	0
Mina	0	5
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	1,015
Bilen	0	20
Oromo	0	120
Somali	0	855
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Semitic languages	225	15,325
Amharic	0	625
Arabic	195	10,980
Aramaic languages	5	1,075
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	380
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	585
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	110
Harari	0	20
Hebrew	15	915
Maltese	0	5
Tigrigna	5	1,685
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	200	17,825
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	630
Vietnamese	185	17,160
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	35
Austronesian languages	730	45,860
Bikol	0	100
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	445
Cebuano	35	1,345
Fijian	0	80
Hiligaynon	15	750
Ilocano	10	2,865
Indonesian	5	1,300
Kankanaey	0	95
Kinaray-a	0	50
Malagasy languages	0	10
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	10
Malay	0	45
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	365
Pangasinan	0	115
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	640	37,890
Waray-Waray	0	110
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	300
Creole languages	0	330
Haitian Creole	0	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	5
Krio	0	15
Morisyen	0	205
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Dravidian languages	80	6,395
Kannada	0	200
Malayalam	25	1,840
Tamil	20	2,915
Telugu	40	1,405
Tulu	0	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Georgian	5	90
Hmong-Mien languages	25	35
Indo-European languages	4,405	283,360
Albanian	0	430
Armenian	10	605
Balto-Slavic languages	950	26,885
Baltic languages	5	155
Latvian	0	65
Lithuanian	5	90
Slavic languages	945	26,735
Belarusian	0	10
Bulgarian	25	760
Czech	25	1,105
Macedonian	0	100
Polish	210	3,935
Russian	480	12,840
Rusyn	0	5
Serbo-Croatian	135	5,975
Bosnian	45	630
Croatian	45	1,595
Serbian	45	3,685
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	65
Slovak	35	780
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	45
Ukrainian	35	1,185
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Celtic languages	0	25
Irish	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	5
Welsh	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	160	3,695
Frisian	0	10
High German languages	60	2,215
German	60	2,130
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	80
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	1,100
Afrikaans	65	590
Dutch	15	495
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	5
Scandinavian languages	10	365
Danish	0	130
Icelandic	0	25
Norwegian	5	40
Swedish	5	175
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	30	1,550
Indo-Iranian languages	2,340	208,160
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	167,845
Assamese	0	20
Bengali	10	2,260
Gujarati	45	3,555
Hindi	180	15,285
Kacchi	0	450
Kashmiri	0	20
Konkani	0	45
Marathi	0	690
Nepali	50	845
Oriya languages	0	35
Odia	0	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	955	136,300
Rohingya	0	55
Sindhi	0	100
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	795
Urdu	155	7,165
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	230
Iranian languages	935	40,315
Baluchi	0	25
Kurdish	45	1,630
Parsi	0	65
Pashto	10	810
Persian languages	875	37,760
Dari	185	3,555
Iranian Persian	620	30,985
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	3,220
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	910	42,000
Catalan	0	50
Italian	40	3,330
Portuguese	140	10,615
Romanian	240	2,935
Spanish	495	25,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	75	8,485
Korean	740	40,050
Mongolian	0	210
Niger-Congo languages	20	1,150
Akan (Twi)	0	135
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	10
Éwé	0	40
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	10
Ganda	0	25
Gikuyu	0	10
Igbo	0	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	75
Lingala	0	15
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	120
Shona	0	40
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	0	310
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	10
Yoruba	10	115
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	165
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	120
Dinka	0	25
Nuer	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	75
African, n.o.s.	0	15
Sign languages	40	950
American Sign Language	30	805
Quebec Sign Language	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	140
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,595	295,940
Chinese languages	1,595	294,455
Hakka	0	580
Mandarin	1,170	152,805
Min Dong	0	90
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	6,040
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	1,950
Yue (Cantonese)	375	131,660
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	1,275
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	1,455
Burmese	0	615
Kuki-Chin languages	0	170
Karenic languages	5	415
S'gaw Karen	5	385
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Tibetan	0	205
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	55
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Tai-Kadai languages	10	1,135
Lao	0	370
Thai	10	715
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	55
Turkic languages	40	2,695
Azerbaijani	5	275
Kazakh	0	15
Turkish	30	2,195
Uyghur	0	115
Uzbek	0	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Uralic languages	95	1,495
Estonian	0	50
Finnish	15	270
Hungarian	75	1,180
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Multiple responses	2,485	161,905
English and French	100	3,935
English and non-official language(s)	2,270	151,220
French and non-official language(s)	15	425
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	1,145
Multiple non-official languages	85	5,180
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	89,970	2,619,425
None	79,665	1,968,775
English	3,535	255,090
French	525	17,840
Non-official language	5,105	293,690
Indigenous³⁹	5	560
Non-Indigenous	5,095	293,125
English and French	45	2,230
English and non-official language(s)	435	40,505
French and non-official language(s)	160	8,320
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	530
Multiple non-official languages	490	32,445
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	89,860	2,607,010
Official languages	88,655	2,466,835
English	88,640	2,465,850
French	5,090	171,635
Non-official languages	21,485	1,398,170
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	1,800
Algonquian languages	10	505
Blackfoot	0	20
Cree-Innu languages	0	335
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	335
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	45
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	140
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	30
Cree, n.o.s.	0	145
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	20
Mi'kmaq	0	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	140
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	15
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	125
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	35
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	25
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	65
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	165
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	150
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	45
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	35
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	15
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	10
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	30
Tlingit	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	45
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	20
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	55
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	55
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	50
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	50
Salish languages	10	655
Halkomelem	0	245
Lillooet	0	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	35
Squamish	0	285
Straits	0	25
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	40
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Siouan languages	0	25
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	10
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Tsimshian languages	0	125
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	30
Nisga'a	0	65
Tsimshian	0	35
Wakashan languages	0	95
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	25
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	45
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	40
Non-Indigenous languages	21,475	1,396,545
Afro-Asiatic languages	675	41,165
Berber languages	0	130
Kabyle	0	90
Tamazight	0	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Chadic languages	0	195
Hausa	0	175
Mina	0	25
Coptic	0	55
Cushitic languages	0	2,340
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	360
Somali	0	1,970
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Semitic languages	675	39,075
Amharic	10	2,590
Arabic	590	28,450
Aramaic languages	10	2,130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	820
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	1,015
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	340
Harari	0	20
Hebrew	70	5,650
Maltese	0	115
Tigrigna	10	3,090
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	325	36,210
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	1,690
Vietnamese	325	34,650
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	55
Austronesian languages	2,160	122,120
Bikol	10	620
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	1,145
Cebuano	140	4,315
Fijian	0	835
Hiligaynon	30	2,655
Ilocano	145	9,645
Indonesian	75	5,895
Kankanaey	0	280
Kinaray-a	0	180
Malagasy languages	0	40
Merina	0	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	25
Malay	70	2,960
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	1,310
Pangasinan	20	840
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,970	109,930
Waray-Waray	0	645
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	2,595
Creole languages	15	2,090
Haitian Creole	0	240
Jamaican English Creole	0	130
Krio	0	105
Morisyen	0	860
Sango	0	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	465
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	355
Dravidian languages	245	16,585
Kannada	35	1,425
Malayalam	90	4,615
Tamil	85	8,440
Telugu	100	3,940
Tulu	0	180
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Georgian	10	195
Hmong-Mien languages	90	125
Indo-European languages	13,410	643,875
Albanian	15	1,585
Armenian	40	1,390
Balto-Slavic languages	2,580	70,160
Baltic languages	0	805
Latvian	0	365
Lithuanian	0	440
Slavic languages	2,575	69,615
Belarusian	15	235
Bulgarian	60	1,965
Czech	150	4,785
Macedonian	0	380
Polish	740	13,165
Russian	1,070	29,885
Rusyn	0	15
Serbo-Croatian	525	17,080
Bosnian	105	2,605
Croatian	240	8,235
Serbian	215	9,430
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	385
Slovak	70	2,835
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	675
Ukrainian	200	7,515
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Celtic languages	20	1,855
Irish	0	1,365
Scottish Gaelic	0	95
Welsh	10	330
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	70
Germanic languages	2,095	53,220
Frisian	0	90
High German languages	1,260	35,890
German	1,240	35,110
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	40	915
Yiddish	0	355
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	695	13,230
Afrikaans	235	4,765
Dutch	435	8,290
Low German, n.o.s.	0	35
Low Saxon	0	10
Plautdietsch	25	255
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	190
Scandinavian languages	210	6,065
Danish	100	2,250
Icelandic	0	145
Norwegian	35	1,440
Swedish	75	2,540
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	75
Greek	145	7,005
Indo-Iranian languages	5,200	384,455
Indo-Aryan languages	3,480	317,790
Assamese	0	95
Bengali	80	5,325
Gujarati	170	12,615
Hindi	1,310	110,485
Kacchi	25	2,745
Kashmiri	0	140
Konkani	10	655
Marathi	50	2,930
Nepali	105	1,645
Oriya languages	0	140
Odia	0	60
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	80
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,215	239,205
Rohingya	0	55
Sindhi	0	505
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	3,045
Urdu	330	21,965
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	1,395
Iranian languages	1,830	69,060
Baluchi	0	105
Kurdish	125	3,720
Parsi	0	255
Pashto	25	2,440
Persian languages	1,730	64,655
Dari	520	7,840
Iranian Persian	1,075	52,285
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	160	5,290
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	145
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	150
Italic (Romance) languages	3,760	142,265
Catalan	0	460
Italian	635	24,325
Portuguese	525	23,835
Romanian	610	8,735
Spanish	2,150	94,560
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	330
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	230
Japanese	420	31,770
Korean	1,085	61,165
Mongolian	0	525
Niger-Congo languages	240	9,095
Akan (Twi)	10	1,010
Bamanankan	0	40
Edo	30	155
Éwé	0	240
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	35
Ga	10	150
Ganda	0	310
Gikuyu	0	80
Igbo	30	485
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	430
Lingala	15	270
Luba-Kasai	0	55
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	10
Ndebele	0	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	285
Shona	10	435
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	55
Swahili	60	3,925
Wojenaka	0	10
Wolof	0	105
Yoruba	40	1,130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	1,495
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	480
Dinka	0	95
Nuer	0	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	355
African, n.o.s.	0	90
Sign languages	175	3,615
American Sign Language	160	3,315
Quebec Sign Language	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	380
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,835	461,875
Chinese languages	2,830	459,215
Hakka	50	3,385
Mandarin	2,170	292,720
Min Dong	0	215
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	180	22,615
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	4,555
Yue (Cantonese)	945	233,750
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	1,820
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	235
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	2,850
Burmese	10	1,560
Kuki-Chin languages	0	290
Karenic languages	0	650
S'gaw Karen	0	600
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	75
Tibetan	0	415
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	220
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	190
Tai-Kadai languages	60	4,550
Lao	10	1,180
Thai	60	3,500
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	155
Turkic languages	165	9,305
Azerbaijani	15	1,480
Kazakh	0	190
Turkish	135	7,840
Uyghur	0	220
Uzbek	0	245
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	250
Uralic languages	355	7,285
Estonian	10	360
Finnish	120	1,695
Hungarian	225	5,250
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	355
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,860	2,607,010
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,205	63,345
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,000	60,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,940	35,950
Métis	2,025	24,105
Inuk (Inuit)	30	510
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	125	1,700
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	1,075
Non-Indigenous identity	85,660	2,543,670
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,860	2,607,010
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,055	24,605
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	88,805	2,582,410
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	33,115	1,043,320
Owner	26,205	647,870
Renter	6,910	394,710
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	735
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	33,115	1,043,320
Condominium	5,575	339,250
Not condominium	27,535	704,070
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	33,115	1,043,320
No bedrooms	105	21,815
1 bedroom	3,370	231,855
2 bedrooms	6,385	291,055
3 bedrooms	10,995	226,590
4 or more bedrooms	12,250	272,005
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	33,115	1,043,320
1 to 4 rooms	7,850	486,500
5 rooms	4,755	141,345
6 rooms	4,720	104,495
7 rooms	4,155	85,645
8 or more rooms	11,635	225,340
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	5.4
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	33,115	1,043,320
One person or fewer per room	32,520	1,000,375
More than one person per room	585	42,945
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	33,115	1,043,320
Suitable	31,800	958,590
Not suitable	1,310	84,735
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	33,115	1,043,320
1960 or before	2,750	120,385
1961 to 1980	6,730	243,195
1981 to 1990	5,775	151,115
1991 to 2000	6,245	173,545
2001 to 2005	2,630	69,100
2006 to 2010	2,950	91,675
2011 to 2015	2,575	84,850
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,450	109,460
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	33,115	1,043,320
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	31,515	988,135
Major repairs needed	1,600	55,185
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	33,115	1,043,320
One-maintainer household	14,010	513,180
Two-maintainer household	16,315	450,060
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,780	80,080
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	33,115	1,043,320
15 to 24 years	415	30,925
25 to 34 years	3,645	161,980
35 to 44 years	6,455	189,720
45 to 54 years	6,850	196,810
55 to 64 years	7,430	202,020
65 to 74 years	5,095	152,290
75 to 84 years	2,325	78,330
85 years and over	890	31,235
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	32,975	1,033,410
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,570	725,970
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,410	307,440
30% to less than 100%	6,640	254,850
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	33,115	1,043,320
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,535	406,540
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,710	272,030
Not suitable only	1,035	60,880
Major repairs needed only	1,030	34,030
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	190	18,445
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	490	15,750
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	4,190
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	1,210
Acceptable housing	23,575	636,780
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	32,215	980,820
In core need	4,160	166,100
Not in core need	28,055	814,720
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,135	644,275
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.5	59.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.9	24.4
% in core housing need⁶³	8.5	10.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840	1,620
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,924	1,980
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	1,050,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	955,000	1,304,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,905	393,260
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.6	11.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.8	38.5
% in core housing need⁶³	30.0	27.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	1,500
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,472	1,624
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	735
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	6.2
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	200
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	326
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	89,865	2,607,015
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	955	19,765
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	930	19,180
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	585	15,265
Métis single ancestry	330	3,795
Inuit single ancestry	10	125
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	590
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	530
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	20
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,680	51,145
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,515	49,255
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,265	33,045
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,235	15,860
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	355
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	165	1,890
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155	1,810
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	55
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	85,225	2,536,095
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	89,865	2,607,015
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	84,490	2,180,525
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,550	409,560
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	65,935	1,770,975
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,375	426,480
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	89,865	2,607,015
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	68,805	1,384,550
Immigrants⁸¹	20,230	1,089,185
Before 1980	4,445	158,270
1980 to 1990	2,095	126,870
1991 to 2000	3,895	255,475
2001 to 2010	4,870	259,830
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,930	288,735
2011 to 2015	2,770	133,920
2016 to 2021	2,160	154,820
Non-permanent residents⁸³	825	133,275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	20,235	1,089,180
Under 5 years	2,100	81,230
5 to 14 years	3,640	168,170
15 to 24 years	3,870	203,110
25 to 44 years	8,735	501,615
45 years and over	1,885	135,060
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	20,235	1,089,180
Americas	2,120	76,000
Brazil	140	7,100
Colombia	110	4,145
El Salvador	200	4,485
Guyana	35	995
Haiti	0	250
Jamaica	85	2,455
Mexico	245	10,060
Peru	50	2,875
Trinidad and Tobago	90	1,980
United States of America	735	27,615
Other places of birth in Americas	430	14,045
Europe	6,945	162,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	3,785
Croatia	155	3,690
France	60	4,360
Germany	555	11,545
Greece	40	2,550
Hungary	120	2,750
Italy	205	9,090
Netherlands	345	5,145
Poland	515	9,210
Portugal	165	4,400
Romania	500	7,235
Russian Federation	440	9,350
Serbia⁸⁶	90	3,745
Ukraine	155	7,090
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,570	51,440
Other places of birth in Europe	910	27,030
Africa	1,065	38,530
Algeria	15	445
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	740
Egypt	100	2,705
Eritrea	10	2,255
Ethiopia	15	2,075
Morocco	25	930
Nigeria	100	2,210
Somalia	0	1,085
South Africa, Republic of	440	9,000
Other places of birth in Africa	340	17,085
Asia	9,580	788,120
Afghanistan	380	5,935
Iran⁸⁸	995	43,245
Iraq	105	6,550
Lebanon	80	1,960
Syria⁸⁹	45	4,690
Turkey	50	2,540
China⁹⁰	1,410	204,825
Hong Kong⁹¹	315	76,115
Korea, South⁹²	860	42,090
Taiwan	225	38,670
Philippines	2,000	109,405
Viet Nam	255	27,175
Bangladesh	35	2,580
India	1,615	151,400
Pakistan	165	11,125
Sri Lanka	90	4,875
Other places of birth in Asia	960	54,930
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	520	24,120
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,155	154,815
Americas	330	16,725
Brazil	90	4,625
Colombia	10	825
Haiti	0	20
Jamaica	0	390
Mexico	25	2,460
United States of America	145	5,465
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	420
Other places of birth in Americas	45	2,525
Europe	365	18,070
France	0	1,325
Germany	0	800
Ireland⁹⁶	35	2,105
Italy	0	805
Russian Federation	30	1,740
Ukraine	30	1,585
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	4,555
Other places of birth in Europe	165	5,150
Africa	125	7,395
Algeria	0	65
Burundi	0	70
Cameroon	10	100
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	230
Côte d'Ivoire	0	35
Egypt	35	500
Eritrea	0	1,415
Ethiopia	0	470
Morocco	0	230
Nigeria	0	1,085
Somalia	0	220
South Africa, Republic of	25	1,215
Sudan⁹⁷	15	160
Tunisia	0	100
Other places of birth in Africa	25	1,495
Asia	1,310	110,065
Afghanistan	60	1,245
Bangladesh	0	530
China⁹⁰	175	28,970
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	2,385
India	310	30,545
Iran⁸⁸	125	5,615
Iraq	20	1,435
Israel	0	520
Japan	20	1,615
Jordan	0	325
Korea, South⁹²	90	6,125
Lebanon	0	290
Nepal	0	235
Pakistan	20	1,850
Philippines	335	15,095
Saudi Arabia	10	480
Sri Lanka	0	600
Syria⁸⁹	10	3,380
Turkey	0	795
United Arab Emirates	0	515
Viet Nam	30	2,270
Other places of birth in Asia	90	5,245
Oceania and other⁹³	20	2,570
Australia	15	1,810
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	755
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	89,860	2,607,010
First generation¹⁰⁰	21,965	1,256,395
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,710	632,460
Third generation or more¹⁰²	48,185	718,160
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15,785	930,915
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,755	554,240
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,480	225,255
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,270	328,990
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,645	282,705
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,260	81,155
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	130	12,805
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15,785	930,915
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	525	23,820
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,030	98,885
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	510	33,385
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	595	58,500
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	3,390
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,070	712,935
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	89,860	2,607,010
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	19,425	1,420,270
South Asian	4,245	369,290
Chinese	3,465	512,260
Black	1,440	41,180
Filipino	2,965	142,125
Arab	445	22,440
Latin American	1,310	51,500
Southeast Asian	905	56,815
West Asian	1,820	64,640
Korean	1,150	63,465
Japanese	610	31,195
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	295	14,750
Multiple visible minorities	780	50,600
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	70,435	1,186,740
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	89,860	2,607,015
Canadian	11,765	174,095
English	23,550	365,150
Irish	14,075	235,970
Scottish	17,470	281,420
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,720	108,315
German	10,950	184,145
Chinese	3,500	475,160
Italian	4,065	83,200
Indian (India)	2,635	213,795
Ukrainian	5,170	81,155
Dutch	4,145	64,120
Polish	3,360	58,505
Québécois	65	2,475
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,140	79,115
Filipino	3,050	141,230
French Canadian	985	15,575
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,610	34,895
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,550	23,740
Métis	1,765	22,050
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,990	41,860
Russian	2,600	51,690
Norwegian	3,235	45,595
Welsh	2,220	37,335
Portuguese	1,125	22,980
American	1,240	26,805
Spanish	1,045	36,270
Swedish	2,125	34,990
Hungarian	1,460	21,815
Acadian	100	2,365
Pakistani	315	15,765
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	365	11,685
Jewish	315	22,280
Punjabi	490	71,020
Vietnamese	425	42,690
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	155	9,915
Greek	485	14,570
Jamaican	315	5,735
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	580	41,130
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	385	6,230
Korean	1,115	62,885
Romanian	1,110	15,490
Lebanese	230	5,355
Iranian	945	45,815
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	245	8,600
Danish	1,245	19,430
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	405	6,225
Sikh	375	51,935
Austrian	1,055	17,850
Belgian	460	7,410
Haitian	30	620
Hindu	195	15,640
Mexican	610	19,655
Mennonite	235	6,320
Swiss	400	9,570
Finnish	1,035	12,650
Sri Lankan	120	5,475
Croatian	675	14,670
Japanese	810	38,945
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	230	16,030
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	1,315
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	735	11,035
Muslim	90	7,175
Egyptian	155	4,430
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	340	8,930
Tamil	15	3,065
Icelandic	630	10,265
Colombian	115	5,525
Moroccan	15	1,305
Czech	400	10,055
Syrian	110	4,355
Guyanese	45	1,615
Afghan	630	9,060
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	115	2,940
Serbian	275	9,755
Ojibway	115	1,545
Newfoundlander	80	1,225
Hong Konger	110	29,025
Ontarian	35	1,075
Persian	460	17,315
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	130	2,650
Turkish	115	6,305
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	575
Bangladeshi	50	3,105
Algerian	20	690
Brazilian	175	9,720
Nigerian	120	2,440
Armenian	95	3,055
Slovak	255	6,010
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	200	6,295
Somali	0	2,315
Taiwanese	250	35,425
Iraqi	105	4,035
Salvadorean	270	5,045
African Caribbean	10	1,175
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85	9,040
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55	4,260
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	1,740
Algonquin	60	530
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	75	1,300
Lithuanian	125	3,380
South African	420	7,430
Australian	355	8,695
Palestinian	35	2,245
Chilean	135	4,055
Congolese	40	1,020
Nova Scotian	70	760
Ethiopian	25	2,130
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	125	3,755
Peruvian	50	3,185
Yoruba	25	835
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	2,545
Berber	0	455
Albanian	25	1,740
Maltese	50	1,185
Macedonian	20	795
Slovenian	95	2,725
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	90	3,555
New Brunswicker	60	320
Gujarati	20	2,190
Eritrean	25	1,955
African Canadian	45	980
Israeli	20	2,655
Mohawk	100	830
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	155	2,220
Bulgarian	65	2,540
Albertan	120	1,155
Ghanaian	15	1,215
Barbadian	25	1,205
African American	125	2,485
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	145	2,460
Tunisian	0	365
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	125	3,260
Cuban	20	1,095
Bosnian	135	2,915
Venezuelan	70	1,350
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	75
Latvian	85	2,355
Bengali	0	1,110
Cameroonian	30	220
Guatemalan	100	1,900
Indonesian	115	6,100
Laotian	45	1,785
Ilocano	85	4,000
Northern Irish	165	2,135
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	2,360
British Columbian	670	7,415
Ecuadorian	20	705
Franco Ontarian	0	140
Argentinian	65	1,640
Estonian	115	2,360
Kurdish	130	3,170
Fijian	340	14,415
Jatt	0	6,075
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	980
Coptic	20	680
Thai	90	3,650
Dominican	0	565
Nepali	95	1,520
Kabyle	0	55
Assyrian	15	560
Igbo	15	475
Byelorussian	55	1,695
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	165
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	655
Abenaki	0	95
Moldovan	30	955
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	305
New Zealander	145	3,555
Sudanese	0	680
Breton	20	170
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	465
Malaysian	105	4,615
Plains Cree	0	235
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	530
Huron (Wendat)	0	130
Saskatchewanian	30	975
Buddhist	50	2,720
Gaspesian	0	15
Norman	10	290
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	1,495
Ivorian	0	70
Saulteaux	0	290
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	335
Burundian	0	350
Tigrinya	0	1,020
Nicaraguan	0	1,485
Mauritian	30	845
Kenyan	50	1,670
Oji-Cree	0	85
Vincentian	0	250
Jordanian	0	740
Manitoban	50	730
Cape Bretoner	0	160
Rwandan	0	450
Grenadian	0	230
Malayali	0	685
Chaldean	0	805
Sinhalese	10	1,115
Mayan	50	1,430
Honduran	30	1,125
Cherokee	90	770
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	55
Indo-Caribbean	0	310
Flemish	25	730
United Empire Loyalist	0	360
Senegalese	0	55
Azerbaijani	20	1,100
Sicilian	40	410
Pashtun	0	820
Malay	35	2,165
Goan	10	610
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	205
Tibetan	0	485
Zimbabwean	15	675
Burmese	25	1,825
Mongolian	10	1,415
Azorean	30	200
Atikamekw	0	0
Bamileke	30	55
Indo-Guyanese	0	55
Ugandan	30	940
Oromo	0	400
Tanzanian	40	770
Yemeni	20	305
Central African	0	10
Libyan	0	530
Basque	0	630
Uruguayan	10	285
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	275
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	455
Igorot	0	1,060
Fulani	0	40
Woodland Cree	0	30
Guinean	0	105
St. Lucian	0	130
Prince Edward Islander	25	120
Maliseet	0	30
Beninese	0	90
Telugu	15	550
Roma	40	510
Costa Rican	35	710
African Nova Scotian	0	45
Malagasy	0	65
Kashmiri	20	460
Singaporean	40	2,285
Karen	0	815
Edo	0	170
Tajik	0	625
Amhara	0	280
Paraguayan	0	350
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	89,860	2,607,010
Buddhist	520	70,670
Christian	33,120	863,055
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,935	226,120
Anabaptist	265	6,960
Anglican	2,255	51,030
Baptist	1,370	26,680
Catholic	11,945	355,990
Christian Orthodox	1,265	35,340
Jehovah's Witness	510	9,740
Latter Day Saints	190	3,565
Lutheran	910	17,695
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	150	3,165
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,000	18,555
Presbyterian	535	14,190
Reformed	120	4,135
United Church	2,015	46,145
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,655	43,745
Hindu	890	66,530
Jewish	145	20,125
Muslim	2,105	110,645
Sikh	1,925	222,160
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	80	1,865
Other religions and spiritual traditions	945	24,205
No religion and secular perspectives	50,135	1,227,760
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	89,040	2,585,295
Non-movers	77,990	2,201,935
Movers	11,055	383,360
Non-migrants	5,045	219,965
Migrants	6,005	163,390
Internal migrants	5,540	117,275
Intraprovincial migrants	5,015	91,590
Interprovincial migrants	520	25,685
External migrants	470	46,115
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	84,990	2,492,425
Non-movers	48,590	1,416,225
Movers	36,405	1,076,205
Non-migrants	13,105	422,485
Migrants	23,300	653,725
Internal migrants	20,945	433,225
Intraprovincial migrants	19,045	352,105
Interprovincial migrants	1,905	81,115
External migrants	2,355	220,500
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,805	2,235,450
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,250	295,740
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,550	1,939,710
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,745	1,487,140
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,765	113,680
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,980	1,373,460
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,805	2,235,450
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,595	270,240
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,205	618,710
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,005	1,346,495
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,990	558,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,830	125,770
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,775	57,895
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,055	67,870
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,650	340,715
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,515	92,495
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,015	787,510
Bachelor's degree	9,290	511,110
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,370	54,185
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	20,895
Master's degree	2,725	173,475
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	370	27,850
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,750	1,487,140
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,745	98,700
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,255	339,580
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,750	1,048,860
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,075	406,400
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,730	87,160
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,945	39,895
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,785	47,265
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,410	251,750
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,930	67,495
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,675	642,460
Bachelor's degree	7,780	414,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,140	42,780
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	16,140
Master's degree	2,265	147,665
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	285	21,130
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,805	2,235,450
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,800	888,950
Education	2,850	75,935
13. Education	2,850	75,935
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,430	73,865
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	9,590
50. Visual and performing arts	1,210	64,275
Humanities	1,805	90,800
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195	12,250
23. English language and literature/letters	440	22,355
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	555	33,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	1,400
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	4,235
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	5,615
54. History	215	9,235
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	2,275
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,300	181,015
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	3,060
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	415	21,785
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	860	19,615
22. Legal professions and studies	735	28,505
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	3,955
42. Psychology	715	31,715
45. Social sciences	1,500	72,385
Business, management and public administration	7,505	302,700
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	380
44. Public administration and social service professions	440	11,335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,040	290,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,085	66,830
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	440	27,200
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	300	17,195
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	1,175
40. Physical sciences	325	19,630
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	1,635
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,345	76,280
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,135	61,500
25. Library science	55	3,480
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	9,330
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	1,970
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,510	229,970
04. Architecture and related services	175	13,705
14. Engineering	1,550	90,240
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,570	39,830
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	40
46. Construction trades	2,860	39,615
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,040	30,675
48. Precision production	1,315	15,870
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	895	21,905
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	655	13,770
03. Natural resources and conservation	240	8,135
Health and related fields	5,815	174,055
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	505	14,125
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,215	153,200
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	390
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	6,335
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,455	52,785
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,485	35,450
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	120
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	245
43. Security and protective services	425	6,585
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	10,385
Other¹⁷⁹	0	370
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	49,745	1,487,140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,995	438,280
Education	2,165	51,580
13. Education	2,165	51,580
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,130	59,805
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	7,535
50. Visual and performing arts	995	52,270
Humanities	1,325	68,095
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	9,520
23. English language and literature/letters	330	17,085
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	24,685
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	985
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	3,245
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	4,030
54. History	180	6,970
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	1,580
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,635	146,480
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	2,525
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	18,875
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	755	15,045
22. Legal professions and studies	630	23,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	3,125
42. Psychology	595	25,160
45. Social sciences	1,240	58,470
Business, management and public administration	6,135	243,445
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	280
44. Public administration and social service professions	315	8,465
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,795	234,700
Physical and life sciences and technologies	825	50,200
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	355	21,250
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	12,625
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	1,005
40. Physical sciences	250	14,320
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	1,000
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,190	64,750
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,015	54,150
25. Library science	25	2,225
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	6,765
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	1,605
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,290	173,935
04. Architecture and related services	130	10,930
14. Engineering	1,320	72,485
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,155	28,765
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	35
46. Construction trades	2,165	29,260
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,560	21,730
48. Precision production	970	10,730
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	670	17,030
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	495	10,565
03. Natural resources and conservation	170	6,455
Health and related fields	4,595	133,890
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	470	11,170
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,070	117,795
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	325
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	4,600
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,785	39,360
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,050	26,475
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	70
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	110
43. Security and protective services	370	5,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	7,505
Other¹⁷⁹	0	290
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	49,745	1,487,140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,995	438,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,750	1,048,860
Location of study inside Canada	24,415	686,455
Same as province or territory of residence	21,260	560,960
Different than province or territory of residence	3,150	125,495
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,335	362,405
Americas	1,105	59,040
United States of America	730	37,205
Mexico	115	7,220
Cuba	0	235
Haiti	0	0
Jamaica	0	275
Brazil	95	7,345
Colombia	30	1,870
Peru	20	730
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	680
Other locations of study in Americas	90	3,465
Europe	1,735	63,555
Belgium	10	510
France	40	3,900
Germany	60	2,705
Netherlands	35	1,140
Switzerland	10	995
Hungary	30	620
Moldova¹⁸³	0	400
Poland	115	2,260
Romania	225	2,925
Russian Federation	265	4,870
Ukraine	100	3,460
Ireland⁹⁶	15	4,855
United Kingdom⁸⁷	625	24,465
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	720
Italy	0	1,190
Serbia⁸⁶	20	1,395
Other locations of study in Europe	160	7,140
Africa	305	7,865
Nigeria	50	800
Algeria	10	115
Morocco	0	255
Tunisia	0	110
Egypt	50	1,240
South Africa, Republic of	165	3,345
Other locations of study in Africa	30	2,000
Asia	3,025	221,415
Iran⁸⁸	310	15,505
Iraq	35	1,335
Israel	25	1,150
Lebanon	30	420
Syria⁸⁹	15	615
Turkey	25	1,435
China⁹⁰	555	55,615
Taiwan	60	8,345
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	6,780
Japan	55	6,510
Korea, South⁹²	320	17,035
Philippines	825	44,305
Viet Nam	0	1,695
Bangladesh	0	945
Sri Lanka	15	890
India	495	47,280
Pakistan	55	3,380
Other locations of study in Asia	155	8,165
Oceania	170	10,530
Australia	135	7,745
New Zealand	30	2,045
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	735
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	73,805	2,235,450
In the labour force	49,875	1,468,220
Employed	46,530	1,341,570
Unemployed	3,345	126,650
Not in the labour force	23,935	767,230
Participation rate	67.6	65.7
Employment rate	63.0	60.0
Unemployment rate	6.7	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	73,805	2,235,450
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,280	793,200
Worked	49,525	1,442,245
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,185	756,970
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,340	685,280
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	49,870	1,468,220
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	32,920
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	48,970	1,435,305
Employee	41,215	1,189,685
Permanent position	36,460	991,085
Temporary position	4,760	198,600
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,425	74,240
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,340	124,360
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,750	245,620
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	49,870	1,468,220
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	32,920
All occupations¹⁹¹	48,970	1,435,305
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	540	20,140
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,310	274,800
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,140	137,100
3 Health occupations	3,165	103,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,150	167,840
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,670	74,525
6 Sales and service occupations	11,730	366,180
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,575	227,715
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	955	18,980
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,735	44,875
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	49,870	1,468,220
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	32,920
All industries¹⁹¹	48,970	1,435,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	515	12,760
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	4,030
22 Utilities	320	8,120
23 Construction	6,300	114,600
31-33 Manufacturing	3,335	83,255
41 Wholesale trade	2,415	54,360
44-45 Retail trade	5,910	159,825
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,785	86,180
51 Information and cultural industries	1,325	55,000
52 Finance and insurance	1,720	66,980
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,070	38,130
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,015	160,590
55 Management of companies and enterprises	145	4,050
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,225	59,880
61 Educational services	3,795	110,765
62 Health care and social assistance	5,665	163,115
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	985	32,895
72 Accommodation and food services	2,480	96,660
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,170	61,285
91 Public administration	2,660	62,815
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	52,970	1,564,385
English	50,740	1,367,865
French	65	1,520
Non-official language	375	45,845
Indigenous³⁹	0	20
Non-Indigenous	375	45,830
English and French	295	11,770
English and non-official language(s)	1,430	131,765
French and non-official language(s)	0	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	1,825
Multiple non-official languages	20	3,715
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	52,970	1,564,385
Single responses	52,605	1,533,680
Official languages	51,910	1,451,660
English	51,805	1,448,340
French	110	3,320
Non-official languages	700	82,020
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	30
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	10
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	10
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	700	81,990
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	435
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	10
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	0	420
Amharic	0	20
Arabic	0	310
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	0	50
Tigrigna	0	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	2,065
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	10
Vietnamese	10	2,055
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	780
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	15
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	40
Indonesian	0	85
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	615
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	60
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	0
Tamil	0	55
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	185	23,100
Albanian	0	20
Armenian	0	20
Balto-Slavic languages	40	810
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	40	805
Bulgarian	0	10
Czech	0	20
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	0	75
Russian	30	575
Serbo-Croatian	0	80
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	10
Serbian	0	70
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	175
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	0	135
German	0	130
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	15
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	25
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	15
Swedish	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	45
Indo-Iranian languages	120	19,215
Indo-Aryan languages	85	17,275
Bengali	0	10
Gujarati	0	10
Hindi	0	490
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	16,665
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	30	1,945
Kurdish	0	25
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	30	1,915
Dari	0	100
Iranian Persian	15	1,650
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	160
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	2,810
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	110
Portuguese	0	480
Romanian	0	40
Spanish	20	2,185
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	10	1,750
Korean	185	6,260
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	0	210
American Sign Language	0	205
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	47,075
Chinese languages	280	47,020
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	190	27,485
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	220
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	10
Yue (Cantonese)	90	19,220
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	75
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	60
Burmese	0	30
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	140
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	60
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	0	55
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	30
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	10
Hungarian	0	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	360	30,705
English and French	40	1,495
English and non-official language(s)	310	28,315
French and non-official language(s)	0	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	85
Multiple non-official languages	0	785
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	52,970	1,564,385
None	51,510	1,440,905
English	330	30,370
French	215	8,795
Non-official language	780	65,900
Indigenous³⁹	0	125
Non-Indigenous	780	65,775
English and French	0	40
English and non-official language(s)	20	4,595
French and non-official language(s)	35	1,420
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	75	12,350
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	46,530	1,341,570
Worked at home	8,605	355,075
Worked outside Canada	110	7,935
No fixed workplace address	8,525	189,970
Usual place of work	29,285	788,585
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,285	788,585
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,140	365,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	16,690	407,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,380	13,135
Commute to a different province or territory	75	2,335
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,810	978,560
Car, truck or van	34,075	731,155
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,710	666,495
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,360	64,660
Public transit	1,700	146,055
Walked	1,210	62,435
Bicycle	170	18,225
Other method	660	20,695
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,810	978,560
Less than 15 minutes	9,015	202,980
15 to 29 minutes	9,465	341,035
30 to 44 minutes	9,100	258,225
45 to 59 minutes	5,265	96,495
60 minutes and over	4,965	79,825
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,810	978,560
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,675	62,540
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,205	148,575
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,430	219,885
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,410	212,645
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,410	185,195
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,680	149,725
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,700	461,375
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,000	27,520
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,705	433,850
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,300	338,220
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	730	21,560
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	335	13,055
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	395	8,510
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,565	316,660

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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