Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Saanich, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	12,235
Population, 2016¹	11,249
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.8
Total private dwellings²	5,235
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	5,010
Population density per square kilometre	329.2
Land area in square kilometres	37.16
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	12,235
0 to 14 years	1,395
0 to 4 years	390
5 to 9 years	470
10 to 14 years	530
15 to 64 years	6,605
15 to 19 years	540
20 to 24 years	470
25 to 29 years	370
30 to 34 years	455
35 to 39 years	545
40 to 44 years	555
45 to 49 years	620
50 to 54 years	785
55 to 59 years	1,005
60 to 64 years	1,250
65 years and over	4,240
65 to 69 years	1,260
70 to 74 years	1,285
75 to 79 years	855
80 to 84 years	455
85 years and over	390
85 to 89 years	260
90 to 94 years	100
95 to 99 years	30
100 years and over	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.4
15 to 64 years	54.0
65 years and over	34.7
85 years and over	3.2
Average age of the population	51.0
Median age of the population	56.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	5,010
Single-detached house	3,970
Semi-detached house	95
Row house	210
Apartment or flat in a duplex	590
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	130
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0
Other single-attached house	5
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	5,010
1 person	945
2 persons	2,430
3 persons	665
4 persons	650
5 or more persons	315
Number of persons in private households	12,190
Average household size	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	10,840
Married or living common-law	7,805
Married	6,805
Living common-law	1,000
Living common law - Never married	535
Living common law - Separated	35
Living common law - Divorced	385
Living common law - Widowed	45
Not married and not living common-law	3,035
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,840
Not married and not living common law - Separated	140
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	525
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	535
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,140
2 persons	2,720
3 persons	620
4 persons	630
5 or more persons	175
Average size of census families	2.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,135
Total couple families	3,855
Married couples	3,355
With children⁶	1,200
Without children	2,155
Common-law couples	505
With children⁶	125
Without children	375
Total one-parent families	285
in which the parent is a woman+	200
in which the parent is a man+	75
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	12,190
Total - Persons in census families	10,710
Married spouses or common-law partners	7,715
Parents in one-parent families	280
Children⁶	2,715
In a two-parent family	2,310
In a one-parent family	410
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,480
Living alone	945
Living with other relatives⁷	230
Living with non-relatives only	300
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	5,010
One-census-family households without additional persons	3,545
Couple-family households	3,350
With children⁶	1,120
Without children	2,230
One-parent-family households	195
Multigenerational households⁸	150
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	205
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	90
One-person households	945
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	10,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,620
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,620
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,105
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,675
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,230
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	490
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,805
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	10,800
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,635
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	75,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,635
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,950
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,060
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	70,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,675
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,650
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,310
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	520
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,890
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	10,795
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,105
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	75,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,635
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	47.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	10,800
Without total income	180
With total income	10,620
Under $10,000 (including loss)	730
$10,000 to $19,999	1,005
$20,000 to $29,999	1,300
$30,000 to $39,999	1,055
$40,000 to $49,999	1,020
$50,000 to $59,999	920
$60,000 to $69,999	810
$70,000 to $79,999	730
$80,000 to $89,999	600
$90,000 to $99,999	485
$100,000 and over	1,970
$100,000 to $149,999	1,115
$150,000 and over	855
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	10,800
Without after-tax income	175
With after-tax income	10,625
Under $10,000 (including loss)	840
$10,000 to $19,999	1,060
$20,000 to $29,999	1,420
$30,000 to $39,999	1,215
$40,000 to $49,999	1,210
$50,000 to $59,999	1,060
$60,000 to $69,999	920
$70,000 to $79,999	735
$80,000 to $89,999	530
$90,000 to $99,999	355
$100,000 and over	1,285
$100,000 to $124,999	540
$125,000 and over	745
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	10,800
Without employment income	4,120
With employment income	6,675
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,150
$5,000 to $9,999	470
$10,000 to $19,999	720
$20,000 to $29,999	500
$30,000 to $39,999	470
$40,000 to $49,999	420
$50,000 to $59,999	465
$60,000 to $69,999	380
$70,000 to $79,999	360
$80,000 to $89,999	335
$90,000 to $99,999	280
$100,000 and over	1,130
$100,000 to $124,999	415
$125,000 and over	710
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	10,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,410
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,445
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,015
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,205
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,760
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	350
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	10,800
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,410
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,430
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,005
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,240
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,450
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,695
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	360
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	10,795
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,080
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,515
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	90.0
Employment income (%)	55.6
Government transfers (%)	9.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	5,010
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	121,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	945
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	4,065
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	5,010
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	160,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	127,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	960
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	126,600
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	87,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	4,055
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	168,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	5,010
Under $5,000	25
$5,000 to $9,999	10
$10,000 to $14,999	30
$15,000 to $19,999	25
$20,000 to $24,999	80
$25,000 to $29,999	75
$30,000 to $34,999	75
$35,000 to $39,999	105
$40,000 to $44,999	120
$45,000 to $49,999	105
$50,000 to $59,999	230
$60,000 to $69,999	250
$70,000 to $79,999	290
$80,000 to $89,999	280
$90,000 to $99,999	270
$100,000 and over	3,025
$100,000 to $124,999	640
$125,000 to $149,999	515
$150,000 to $199,999	790
$200,000 and over	1,085
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	5,010
Under $5,000	45
$5,000 to $9,999	10
$10,000 to $14,999	35
$15,000 to $19,999	30
$20,000 to $24,999	95
$25,000 to $29,999	80
$30,000 to $34,999	85
$35,000 to $39,999	125
$40,000 to $44,999	130
$45,000 to $49,999	140
$50,000 to $59,999	295
$60,000 to $69,999	320
$70,000 to $79,999	355
$80,000 to $89,999	345
$90,000 to $99,999	295
$100,000 and over	2,630
$100,000 to $124,999	720
$125,000 to $149,999	585
$150,000 and over	1,325
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,030
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,320
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,330
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	250
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,250
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,010
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	160,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,310
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	145,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,310
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	196,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	235
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,285
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	124,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	86,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	12,190
0 to 17 years	1,710
0 to 5 years	490
18 to 64 years	6,250
65 years and over	4,230
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	590
0 to 17 years	90
0 to 5 years	20
18 to 64 years	305
65 years and over	195
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9
65 years and over (%)	4.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	12,195
0 to 17 years	1,710
0 to 5 years	490
18 to 64 years	6,250
65 years and over	4,230
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	280
0 to 17 years	50
0 to 5 years	10
18 to 64 years	175
65 years and over	60
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8
65 years and over (%)	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	12,190
In bottom half of the distribution	3,275
In bottom decile	540
In second decile	575
In third decile	580
In fourth decile	780
In fifth decile	795
In top half of the distribution	8,920
In sixth decile	1,020
In seventh decile	1,330
In eighth decile	1,560
In ninth decile	2,080
In top decile	2,925
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	12,195
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.364
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.438
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.315
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	12,220
English only	10,945
French only	0
English and French	1,250
Neither English nor French	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	12,220
English	12,055
French	125
English and French	20
Neither English nor French	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	12,220
Single responses	12,080
Official languages	11,055
English	10,930
French	130
Non-official languages	1,020
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,020
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	15
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	40
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	10
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	10
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	710
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	120
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	120
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	15
Macedonian	5
Polish	40
Russian	25
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	5
Serbian	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	350
Frisian	0
High German languages	190
German	185
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	115
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	95
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	45
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	20
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	30
Indo-Iranian languages	80
Indo-Aryan languages	60
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	5
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	20
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	20
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	130
Catalan	0
Italian	40
Portuguese	15
Romanian	10
Spanish	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	20
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150
Chinese languages	150
Hakka	0
Mandarin	65
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	70
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	25
Estonian	5
Finnish	10
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	135
English and French	45
English and non-official language(s)	75
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	12,220
English	11,395
French	10
Non-official language	125
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	125
English and French	110
English and non-official language(s)	535
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30
Multiple non-official languages	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	12,220
Single responses	12,135
Official languages	11,895
English	11,875
French	20
Non-official languages	245
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	245
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	5
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	5
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	135
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	15
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	5
Russian	10
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	45
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	35
Indo-Aryan languages	30
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35
Catalan	0
Italian	5
Portuguese	5
Romanian	0
Spanish	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	10
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70
Chinese languages	70
Hakka	0
Mandarin	45
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	85
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	70
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	12,215
None	11,605
English	115
French	100
Non-official language	345
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	340
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	5
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	25
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	12,190
Official languages	12,160
English	12,160
French	1,230
Non-official languages	1,560
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,550
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	30
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,190
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	115
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	110
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	50
Russian	25
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	10
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	20
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	475
Frisian	0
High German languages	295
German	285
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	120
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	55
Danish	25
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	25
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	35
Indo-Iranian languages	185
Indo-Aryan languages	185
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	15
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	415
Catalan	0
Italian	70
Portuguese	25
Romanian	30
Spanish	310
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	65
Korean	10
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	10
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170
Chinese languages	170
Hakka	0
Mandarin	120
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	0
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	25
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	25
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	40
Estonian	10
Finnish	0
Hungarian	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	12,190
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	340
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	280
First Nations (North American Indian)	95
Métis	180
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45
Non-Indigenous identity	11,850
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	12,190
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	12,080
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	5,010
Owner	4,405
Renter	605
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	5,010
Condominium	220
Not condominium	4,790
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	5,010
No bedrooms	0
1 bedroom	255
2 bedrooms	855
3 bedrooms	2,040
4 or more bedrooms	1,855
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	5,010
1 to 4 rooms	475
5 rooms	525
6 rooms	690
7 rooms	735
8 or more rooms	2,585
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	5,010
One person or fewer per room	4,990
More than one person per room	15
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	5,010
Suitable	4,930
Not suitable	80
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	5,010
1960 or before	580
1961 to 1980	1,525
1981 to 1990	1,285
1991 to 2000	670
2001 to 2005	165
2006 to 2010	215
2011 to 2015	190
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	375
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	5,010
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	4,840
Major repairs needed	170
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	5,010
One-maintainer household	1,785
Two-maintainer household	2,980
Three-or-more-maintainer household	245
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	5,010
15 to 24 years	30
25 to 34 years	225
35 to 44 years	480
45 to 54 years	660
55 to 64 years	1,190
65 to 74 years	1,370
75 to 84 years	795
85 years and over	255
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	4,975
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	4,225
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	745
30% to less than 100%	675
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	5,010
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	925
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	680
Not suitable only	65
Major repairs needed only	110
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	55
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	4,085
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	4,895
In core need	285
Not in core need	4,615
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,380
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	45.5
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.6
% in core housing need⁶³	3.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,684
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,200,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,322,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	600
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.8
% in core housing need⁶³	22.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	12,190
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	85
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	80
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	35
Métis single ancestry	40
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	350
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	340
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	225
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	11,760
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	12,195
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	11,795
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,650
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	10,145
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	12,195
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	10,075
Immigrants⁸¹	2,030
Before 1980	1,115
1980 to 1990	240
1991 to 2000	260
2001 to 2010	240
2011 to 2021⁸²	170
2011 to 2015	85
2016 to 2021	80
Non-permanent residents⁸³	90
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,025
Under 5 years	205
5 to 14 years	420
15 to 24 years	405
25 to 44 years	800
45 years and over	190
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,025
Americas	285
Brazil	0
Colombia	10
El Salvador	0
Guyana	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	20
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10
United States of America	195
Other places of birth in Americas	20
Europe	1,300
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	0
France	15
Germany	100
Greece	25
Hungary	10
Italy	25
Netherlands	100
Poland	20
Portugal	0
Romania	25
Russian Federation	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	830
Other places of birth in Europe	135
Africa	75
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	15
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	45
Other places of birth in Africa	20
Asia	310
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	60
Hong Kong⁹¹	30
Korea, South⁹²	0
Taiwan	0
Philippines	25
Viet Nam	10
Bangladesh	0
India	80
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	15
Other places of birth in Asia	70
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	80
Americas	20
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	20
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	0
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	30
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	0
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	12,190
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,360
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,800
Third generation or more¹⁰²	7,035
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	915
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	490
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	235
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	260
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	375
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	915
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	155
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	35
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	685
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	12,190
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	790
South Asian	275
Chinese	220
Black	45
Filipino	40
Arab	10
Latin American	35
Southeast Asian	95
West Asian	0
Korean	0
Japanese	40
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0
Multiple visible minorities	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	11,400
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	12,195
Canadian	1,675
English	4,475
Irish	2,270
Scottish	3,135
French, n.o.s.¹²²	960
German	1,665
Chinese	275
Italian	290
Indian (India)	170
Ukrainian	750
Dutch	655
Polish	470
Québécois	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,240
Filipino	45
French Canadian	190
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	120
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	110
Métis	160
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	340
Russian	210
Norwegian	445
Welsh	490
Portuguese	55
American	340
Spanish	110
Swedish	295
Hungarian	135
Acadian	40
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15
Jewish	45
Punjabi	35
Vietnamese	45
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0
Greek	90
Jamaican	30
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55
Korean	10
Romanian	100
Lebanese	50
Iranian	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20
Danish	190
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	50
Sikh	55
Austrian	130
Belgian	95
Haitian	0
Hindu	0
Mexican	35
Mennonite	40
Swiss	85
Finnish	110
Sri Lankan	30
Croatian	45
Japanese	45
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	105
Muslim	0
Egyptian	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	0
Icelandic	115
Colombian	20
Moroccan	0
Czech	40
Syrian	0
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0
Serbian	20
Ojibway	0
Newfoundlander	10
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	10
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	25
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	0
Nigerian	0
Armenian	0
Slovak	35
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	30
South African	45
Australian	110
Palestinian	0
Chilean	15
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	20
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	0
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	20
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	25
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	15
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35
British Columbian	45
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	35
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0
Coptic	0
Thai	40
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10
New Zealander	70
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	10
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	15
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	10
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	12,190
Buddhist	100
Christian	4,905
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	765
Anabaptist	15
Anglican	1,100
Baptist	145
Catholic	1,275
Christian Orthodox	85
Jehovah's Witness	95
Latter Day Saints	70
Lutheran	155
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	65
Presbyterian	135
Reformed	25
United Church	640
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	315
Hindu	0
Jewish	20
Muslim	0
Sikh	150
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	110
No religion and secular perspectives	6,910
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	12,140
Non-movers	10,810
Movers	1,330
Non-migrants	585
Migrants	740
Internal migrants	680
Intraprovincial migrants	555
Interprovincial migrants	125
External migrants	65
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	11,785
Non-movers	7,790
Movers	3,990
Non-migrants	570
Migrants	3,420
Internal migrants	3,175
Intraprovincial migrants	2,635
Interprovincial migrants	540
External migrants	250
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,800
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	955
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,840
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,545
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	245
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,300
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,800
No certificate, diploma or degree	755
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,725
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,320
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,450
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	995
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	400
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	595
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,095
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	365
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,870
Bachelor's degree	2,260
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	305
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125
Master's degree	960
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	215
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,540
No certificate, diploma or degree	155
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,210
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,065
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	600
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	240
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	365
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,260
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	205
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,145
Bachelor's degree	1,355
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	185
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70
Master's degree	480
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,475
Education	750
13. Education	750
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25
50. Visual and performing arts	205
Humanities	370
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50
23. English language and literature/letters	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	25
54. History	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	985
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	125
22. Legal professions and studies	150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25
42. Psychology	155
45. Social sciences	450
Business, management and public administration	1,340
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	165
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,180
Physical and life sciences and technologies	410
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	205
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	135
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	230
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	145
25. Library science	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,345
04. Architecture and related services	45
14. Engineering	235
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	310
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	385
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	245
48. Precision production	125
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	210
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	140
03. Natural resources and conservation	75
Health and related fields	1,000
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	70
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	905
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	460
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20
43. Security and protective services	100
49. Transportation and materials moving	165
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	5,540
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,330
Education	330
13. Education	330
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	125
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10
50. Visual and performing arts	115
Humanities	195
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15
23. English language and literature/letters	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	10
54. History	30
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	570
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	75
22. Legal professions and studies	80
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15
42. Psychology	75
45. Social sciences	275
Business, management and public administration	845
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	110
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	735
Physical and life sciences and technologies	170
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	80
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	50
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	140
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	815
04. Architecture and related services	15
14. Engineering	145
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	150
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	270
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	150
48. Precision production	75
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	135
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	40
Health and related fields	580
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	510
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	305
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	115
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	100
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	5,540
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	4,210
Location of study inside Canada	3,660
Same as province or territory of residence	2,650
Different than province or territory of residence	1,010
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	550
Americas	190
United States of America	175
Mexico	10
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0
Europe	220
Belgium	0
France	15
Germany	15
Netherlands	20
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	10
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10
Africa	10
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	90
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	25
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	0
Philippines	15
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	30
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10
Oceania	40
Australia	40
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	10,800
In the labour force	5,960
Employed	5,615
Unemployed	350
Not in the labour force	4,840
Participation rate	55.2
Employment rate	52.0
Unemployment rate	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	10,795
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,600
Worked	6,205
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,285
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,920
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	5,955
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	60
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	5,905
Employee	4,410
Permanent position	3,825
Temporary position	585
Fixed term (1 year or more)	140
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	440
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,495
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	5,955
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	60
All occupations¹⁹¹	5,905
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	170
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,075
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	480
3 Health occupations	460
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	825
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	290
6 Sales and service occupations	1,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,005
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	210
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	100
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	5,955
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	60
All industries¹⁹¹	5,905
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	180
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10
22 Utilities	55
23 Construction	490
31-33 Manufacturing	250
41 Wholesale trade	105
44-45 Retail trade	575
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	355
51 Information and cultural industries	85
52 Finance and insurance	175
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	125
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	645
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	245
61 Educational services	475
62 Health care and social assistance	640
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	205
72 Accommodation and food services	350
81 Other services (except public administration)	220
91 Public administration	685
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	6,610
English	6,480
French	0
Non-official language	10
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	10
English and French	55
English and non-official language(s)	60
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	6,610
Single responses	6,605
Official languages	6,595
English	6,575
French	20
Non-official languages	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	0
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	6,610
None	6,500
English	15
French	40
Non-official language	45
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	45
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	5,610
Worked at home	1,705
Worked outside Canada	0
No fixed workplace address	590
Usual place of work	3,315
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	900
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,300
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	85
Commute to a different province or territory	25
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,900
Car, truck or van	3,495
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,235
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	260
Public transit	95
Walked	125
Bicycle	80
Other method	105
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,900
Less than 15 minutes	1,680
15 to 29 minutes	1,120
30 to 44 minutes	840
45 to 59 minutes	175
60 minutes and over	85
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,900
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	260
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	540
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,180
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	925
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	555
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	440
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,755
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	100
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,655
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,330
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	35
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,255

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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