Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Central Saanich, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,385	...	...
Population, 2016¹	16,814	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	7,621	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,105	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	421.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	41.20	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,385	8,400	8,985
0 to 14 years	2,445	1,235	1,210
0 to 4 years	710	355	355
5 to 9 years	890	460	425
10 to 14 years	845	415	430
15 to 64 years	10,220	4,965	5,250
15 to 19 years	890	460	430
20 to 24 years	745	355	390
25 to 29 years	750	400	355
30 to 34 years	835	390	445
35 to 39 years	1,085	530	555
40 to 44 years	1,015	505	510
45 to 49 years	1,010	485	525
50 to 54 years	1,090	505	590
55 to 59 years	1,325	655	665
60 to 64 years	1,465	680	785
65 years and over	4,725	2,205	2,520
65 to 69 years	1,420	665	755
70 to 74 years	1,320	605	715
75 to 79 years	845	415	430
80 to 84 years	560	265	295
85 years and over	575	250	325
85 to 89 years	340	150	185
90 to 94 years	180	70	105
95 to 99 years	55	20	30
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	14.7	13.5
15 to 64 years	58.8	59.1	58.4
65 years and over	27.2	26.3	28.0
85 years and over	3.3	3.0	3.6
Average age of the population	46.7	45.9	47.4
Median age of the population	49.6	48.4	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,105	...	...
Single-detached house	3,825	...	...
Semi-detached house	175	...	...
Row house	810	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,440	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	760	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	25	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	50	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,105	...	...
1 person	1,760	...	...
2 persons	2,840	...	...
3 persons	1,010	...	...
4 persons	1,015	...	...
5 or more persons	485	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,175	8,340	8,835
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	14,940	7,165	7,775
Married or living common-law	9,575	4,775	4,805
Married	8,115	4,050	4,065
Living common-law	1,460	720	735
Living common law - Never married	935	465	470
Living common law - Separated	45	25	25
Living common law - Divorced	430	220	205
Living common law - Widowed	45	10	30
Not married and not living common-law	5,365	2,395	2,970
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,190	1,680	1,515
Not married and not living common law - Separated	315	150	165
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,000	370	630
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	860	200	655
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,330	...	...
2 persons	3,105	...	...
3 persons	1,005	...	...
4 persons	960	...	...
5 or more persons	255	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,335	...	...
Total couple families	4,710	...	...
Married couples	3,980	...	...
With children⁶	1,765	...	...
Without children	2,215	...	...
Common-law couples	730	...	...
With children⁶	225	...	...
Without children	505	...	...
Total one-parent families	620	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	430	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	190	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,170	8,340	8,830
Total - Persons in census families	14,440	7,160	7,280
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,420	4,690	4,730
Parents in one-parent families	620	190	430
Children⁶	4,400	2,280	2,120
In a two-parent family	3,490	1,785	1,705
In a one-parent family	915	500	415
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,725	1,180	1,550
Living alone	1,765	695	1,065
Living with other relatives⁷	340	145	195
Living with non-relatives only	625	335	285
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,105	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,560	...	...
Couple-family households	4,080	...	...
With children⁶	1,700	...	...
Without children	2,380	...	...
One-parent-family households	480	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	195	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	295	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	195	...	...
One-person households	1,765	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	14,725	7,110	7,620
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,435	6,950	7,485
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600	57,200	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,450	6,955	7,495
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,400	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,760	6,640	7,125
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,800	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,095	5,040	5,055
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	52,400	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,455	5,130	6,325
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	10,400	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	865	380	490
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,000	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,755	1,275	1,475
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	14,725	7,110	7,620
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,470	6,950	7,515
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,750	71,800	52,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,485	6,960	7,525
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	58,650	44,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,765	6,640	7,125
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,800	66,700	45,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,095	4,995	5,095
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,950	63,300	44,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,400	5,145	6,255
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,010	10,960	11,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	825	365	460
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,460	5,000	7,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,750	1,365	1,385
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540	8,390	8,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	14,730	7,105	7,620
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,080	2,865	2,215
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	76,000	63,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,300	87,200	69,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,765	1,575	2,185
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	21,800	20,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,160	35,320	28,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0	88.8	82.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.0	63.3	58.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.0	11.3	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.4	0.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.4	2.9	4.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.6	2.3	3.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	14,725	7,105	7,620
Without total income	290	155	135
With total income	14,435	6,945	7,485
Under $10,000 (including loss)	945	395	550
$10,000 to $19,999	1,320	525	795
$20,000 to $29,999	1,740	670	1,075
$30,000 to $39,999	1,640	660	980
$40,000 to $49,999	1,640	735	905
$50,000 to $59,999	1,465	670	795
$60,000 to $69,999	1,300	650	650
$70,000 to $79,999	980	530	455
$80,000 to $89,999	810	450	360
$90,000 to $99,999	610	375	235
$100,000 and over	1,985	1,295	690
$100,000 to $149,999	1,345	835	510
$150,000 and over	635	455	180
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	14,725	7,105	7,620
Without after-tax income	275	150	130
With after-tax income	14,450	6,955	7,495
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,030	420	615
$10,000 to $19,999	1,405	565	840
$20,000 to $29,999	1,970	760	1,220
$30,000 to $39,999	1,955	815	1,140
$40,000 to $49,999	1,970	900	1,065
$50,000 to $59,999	1,660	835	830
$60,000 to $69,999	1,280	675	600
$70,000 to $79,999	965	565	400
$80,000 to $89,999	680	410	275
$90,000 to $99,999	475	275	195
$100,000 and over	1,050	740	305
$100,000 to $124,999	545	380	165
$125,000 and over	505	365	140
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	14,725	7,105	7,620
Without employment income	4,635	2,065	2,565
With employment income	10,090	5,040	5,050
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,390	655	730
$5,000 to $9,999	650	290	360
$10,000 to $19,999	1,065	445	620
$20,000 to $29,999	770	295	475
$30,000 to $39,999	785	350	440
$40,000 to $49,999	830	365	460
$50,000 to $59,999	890	410	485
$60,000 to $69,999	755	390	365
$70,000 to $79,999	645	365	280
$80,000 to $89,999	545	320	220
$90,000 to $99,999	455	255	200
$100,000 and over	1,315	905	410
$100,000 to $124,999	675	425	245
$125,000 and over	645	480	160
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	14,725	7,110	7,620
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,160	6,810	7,350
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	57,600	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,185	6,815	7,375
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	49,600	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,600	6,555	7,045
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	53,200	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,760	5,365	5,385
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	50,000	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,220	3,835	5,390
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	10,700	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	680	300	380
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	4,480	6,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	14,725	7,110	7,620
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,175	6,810	7,360
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,650	70,100	51,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,205	6,815	7,385
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,080	57,500	43,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,600	6,550	7,050
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,700	66,900	47,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,735	5,330	5,405
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200	60,350	42,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,370	3,880	5,490
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400	9,990	8,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	680	285	390
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,520	5,400	9,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	14,730	7,105	7,620
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,025	2,850	2,175
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	74,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,300	85,300	64,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,655	1,530	2,125
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	28,600	25,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,920	41,240	32,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.8	91.8	87.0
Employment income (%)	63.9	67.4	59.7
Government transfers (%)	10.2	8.1	12.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.3	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,105	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,765	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,345	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,105	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	125,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,760	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	62,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,650	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,350	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,105	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	70	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	165	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	140	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	170	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	190	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	185	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	230	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	465	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	430	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	475	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	425	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	410	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,665	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	885	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	755	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,025	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,005	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,105	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	45	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	170	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	165	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	195	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	230	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	255	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	280	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	525	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	520	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	520	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	500	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	470	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,090	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	980	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	730	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,380	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,225	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,485	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,010	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	570	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,390	1,030	1,355
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	49,600	46,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	44,400	41,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,190	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	144,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,455	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	129,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,025	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	555	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,460	995	1,470
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,050	65,000	55,050
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,320	52,800	46,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,170	8,340	8,830
0 to 17 years	2,985	1,510	1,475
0 to 5 years	880	440	435
18 to 64 years	9,655	4,680	4,980
65 years and over	4,525	2,155	2,370
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	935	430	505
0 to 17 years	160	85	75
0 to 5 years	30	15	20
18 to 64 years	455	220	240
65 years and over	315	125	190
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.5	5.2	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	5.4	5.6	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.6	3.2	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.7	4.8
65 years and over (%)	7.0	5.9	8.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,170	8,340	8,830
0 to 17 years	2,985	1,515	1,475
0 to 5 years	885	445	440
18 to 64 years	9,660	4,675	4,980
65 years and over	4,525	2,150	2,375
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	365	195	170
0 to 17 years	80	45	35
0 to 5 years	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	235	120	110
65 years and over	50	25	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.3	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	3.0	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2	1.2	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	2.6	2.3
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.2	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,170	8,340	8,830
In bottom half of the distribution	5,750	2,705	3,045
In bottom decile	890	435	455
In second decile	855	375	480
In third decile	1,100	500	600
In fourth decile	1,270	605	665
In fifth decile	1,635	795	840
In top half of the distribution	11,420	5,635	5,785
In sixth decile	1,710	835	870
In seventh decile	2,085	1,010	1,080
In eighth decile	2,305	1,130	1,170
In ninth decile	2,690	1,340	1,350
In top decile	2,630	1,315	1,315
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,170	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.269	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,325	8,380	8,945
English only	15,580	7,615	7,965
French only	5	0	0
English and French	1,670	730	940
Neither English nor French	65	30	35
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,325	8,380	8,945
English	17,040	8,245	8,795
French	200	90	105
English and French	20	5	15
Neither English nor French	60	30	30
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,325	8,380	8,945
Single responses	17,095	8,270	8,830
Official languages	15,655	7,605	8,045
English	15,445	7,510	7,935
French	210	100	110
Non-official languages	1,445	660	780
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,440	660	785
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	15	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	110	40	65
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	35	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	995	465	525
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	70	90
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	160	70	85
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	35	15	25
Russian	55	20	35
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	20	10	5
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	350	160	190
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	180	85	100
German	180	80	100
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	60	65
Afrikaans	10	5	10
Dutch	105	50	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	45	15	30
Danish	25	5	15
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	5	10
Swedish	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	245	120	125
Indo-Aryan languages	225	110	115
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0
Gujarati	10	5	5
Hindi	5	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	200	100	100
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	20	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	105	110
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	50	25	25
Portuguese	65	30	35
Romanian	15	10	5
Spanish	85	40	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	40	10	25
Korean	25	5	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	75	85
Chinese languages	160	75	85
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	95	45	55
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	25	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	10	10
Hungarian	25	20	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	230	110	120
English and French	70	35	30
English and non-official language(s)	135	60	75
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,325	8,380	8,945
English	15,925	7,740	8,185
French	40	20	20
Non-official language	245	115	125
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	245	110	125
English and French	145	60	85
English and non-official language(s)	920	430	490
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,325	8,380	8,945
Single responses	17,195	8,315	8,870
Official languages	16,710	8,085	8,625
English	16,665	8,060	8,600
French	50	25	25
Non-official languages	480	230	250
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	475	230	250
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	20	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	15	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	290	140	150
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	25	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	25	25
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5
Russian	20	15	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	20	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	20	10	15
German	20	10	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	15	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	130	65	65
Indo-Aryan languages	125	60	65
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	5
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	55	55
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	30	30
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0
Portuguese	20	10	10
Romanian	5	0	5
Spanish	35	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	5
American Sign Language	10	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	40	45
Chinese languages	85	40	45
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	30	35
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	130	60	70
English and French	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	115	55	65
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,325	8,380	8,945
None	16,315	7,920	8,390
English	215	105	110
French	130	55	80
Non-official language	575	270	310
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5
Non-Indigenous	575	260	310
English and French	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	30	5	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,175	8,340	8,830
Official languages	17,135	8,325	8,805
English	17,130	8,320	8,805
French	1,675	770	900
Non-official languages	2,260	1,055	1,205
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	20	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,225	1,035	1,190
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	20	25
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	15	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	0	15
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	180	60	120
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	15
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	20	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	40	110
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,715	805	910
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	240	115	125
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	240	115	125
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	25	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	50	20	30
Russian	110	40	70
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	30	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	30	25	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	20	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	0	10
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	635	285	350
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	355	155	200
German	355	155	200
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	250	125	125
Afrikaans	80	45	35
Dutch	175	85	90
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	75	25	50
Danish	15	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	45	15	35
Swedish	15	0	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	275	150	130
Indo-Aryan languages	270	145	125
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	80	50	40
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	255	135	120
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	560	260	300
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	95	45	45
Portuguese	110	45	65
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	385	195	190
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	70	35	35
Korean	20	0	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	15
American Sign Language	25	10	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	60	55
Chinese languages	115	60	55
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	35	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	35	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	20	20	0
Hungarian	15	15	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,170	8,340	8,835
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	655	325	330
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	605	310	300
First Nations (North American Indian)	265	110	155
Métis	330	195	135
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	10	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	0	20
Non-Indigenous identity	16,515	8,015	8,500
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,170	8,340	8,835
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	140	45	95
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,035	8,295	8,740
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,105	...	...
Owner	5,680	...	...
Renter	1,425	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,105	...	...
Condominium	935	...	...
Not condominium	6,170	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,105	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...
1 bedroom	710	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,680	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,475	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,105	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,545	...	...
5 rooms	955	...	...
6 rooms	940	...	...
7 rooms	960	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,700	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,105	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,020	...	...
More than one person per room	85	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,105	...	...
Suitable	6,885	...	...
Not suitable	215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,105	...	...
1960 or before	635	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,660	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,575	...	...
1991 to 2000	890	...	...
2001 to 2005	300	...	...
2006 to 2010	320	...	...
2011 to 2015	250	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,105	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,875	...	...
Major repairs needed	230	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,105	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,890	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,780	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	430	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,105	...	...
15 to 24 years	90	...	...
25 to 34 years	525	...	...
35 to 44 years	995	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,085	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,580	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,655	...	...
75 to 84 years	865	...	...
85 years and over	310	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,970	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,700	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,265	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,180	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,105	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,615	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,180	...	...
Not suitable only	170	...	...
Major repairs needed only	175	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,490	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,875	...	...
In core need	530	...	...
Not in core need	6,345	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,555	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,634	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	973,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,425	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,456	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,170	8,340	8,830
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	115	55	60
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	110	55	60
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	80	40	40
Métis single ancestry	30	15	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	675	305	370
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	615	285	330
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	415	170	250
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	200	115	80
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	16,380	7,985	8,400
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,170	8,340	8,830
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,555	8,065	8,485
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,915	1,480	1,435
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,640	6,590	7,045
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	615	270	345
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,170	8,340	8,830
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	14,255	6,940	7,315
Immigrants⁸¹	2,780	1,350	1,430
Before 1980	1,335	660	680
1980 to 1990	405	215	190
1991 to 2000	315	130	185
2001 to 2010	365	160	200
2011 to 2021⁸²	360	185	175
2011 to 2015	200	95	105
2016 to 2021	155	90	70
Non-permanent residents⁸³	135	50	85
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,775	1,350	1,430
Under 5 years	370	190	185
5 to 14 years	485	245	240
15 to 24 years	550	225	325
25 to 44 years	1,145	585	565
45 years and over	230	105	120
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,775	1,350	1,430
Americas	450	225	220
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	30	25	0
Jamaica	25	0	20
Mexico	40	25	15
Peru	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	280	145	135
Other places of birth in Americas	50	10	35
Europe	1,580	775	805
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	20	10	10
France	15	10	0
Germany	150	70	85
Greece	20	10	10
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	35	10	20
Netherlands	120	60	65
Poland	35	20	15
Portugal	45	10	30
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	35	10	25
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	50	25	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	920	470	450
Other places of birth in Europe	125	60	65
Africa	155	80	75
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	110	60	50
Other places of birth in Africa	30	15	20
Asia	520	225	300
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	55	25	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	160	45	115
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	165	95	75
Pakistan	10	10	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	90	40	50
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	70	45	25
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	155	90	70
Americas	25	20	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	25	20	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	70	40	30
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	15	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	25	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	55	30	30
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	25	10	20
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,175	8,340	8,830
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,160	1,515	1,645
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,690	1,785	1,900
Third generation or more¹⁰²	10,320	5,035	5,285
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,445	690	750
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	775	365	410
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	320	170	155
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	450	195	260
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	605	305	305
Refugees¹⁰⁸	35	20	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	10	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,445	690	750
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	290	140	145
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85	40	45
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	45	30	20
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,015	485	530
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,170	8,340	8,835
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,450	665	785
South Asian	490	240	250
Chinese	295	130	165
Black	105	60	45
Filipino	210	70	135
Arab	10	10	0
Latin American	90	35	55
Southeast Asian	45	20	30
West Asian	25	10	15
Korean	35	15	20
Japanese	75	30	35
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	10	10
Multiple visible minorities	60	25	35
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,720	7,675	8,040
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,170	8,340	8,830
Canadian	2,235	1,150	1,085
English	5,945	2,890	3,060
Irish	3,090	1,405	1,680
Scottish	4,355	2,090	2,270
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,205	500	710
German	2,090	970	1,120
Chinese	330	155	175
Italian	560	220	340
Indian (India)	265	135	130
Ukrainian	925	435	490
Dutch	1,090	490	600
Polish	595	330	260
Québécois	10	0	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,295	630	665
Filipino	220	65	155
French Canadian	130	70	55
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	345	165	180
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	225	95	130
Métis	290	150	135
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	650	355	295
Russian	275	130	150
Norwegian	875	400	475
Welsh	630	280	345
Portuguese	210	110	95
American	425	175	250
Spanish	165	70	95
Swedish	415	240	185
Hungarian	120	55	65
Acadian	20	0	20
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	20	15	0
Jewish	115	55	60
Punjabi	85	35	50
Vietnamese	35	15	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	0	0
Greek	110	50	55
Jamaican	30	0	25
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90	45	50
Korean	45	20	25
Romanian	115	45	70
Lebanese	20	20	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	10	0	10
Danish	290	145	145
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	20	0	15
Sikh	150	55	95
Austrian	175	70	105
Belgian	80	35	45
Haitian	35	30	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	80	40	40
Mennonite	125	60	60
Swiss	120	40	75
Finnish	185	100	80
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	60	40	20
Japanese	80	30	45
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	10	15
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	15	10	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	165	75	85
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	180	80	100
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	70	20	45
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	20	10
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	30	25	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	10	0
Persian	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	15
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	30	15	20
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	10
Slovak	50	40	15
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	30	20
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	10
South African	60	25	35
Australian	95	35	60
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	35	20	15
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	35	15	25
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	25	10	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	50	45
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	20	30
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	10	0	10
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	10	20
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	20	30
Cuban	20	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	15	15	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	15	10
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	40	10	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	10
British Columbian	80	25	55
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	55	25	35
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	25	0	20
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	0	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	10
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	75	40	35
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	20	0	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	15	0	10
United Empire Loyalist	20	0	15
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	10	10	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,170	8,340	8,835
Buddhist	70	20	50
Christian	6,365	2,870	3,495
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,550	750	805
Anabaptist	20	10	10
Anglican	1,230	505	725
Baptist	245	105	145
Catholic	1,665	725	940
Christian Orthodox	115	55	60
Jehovah's Witness	55	25	25
Latter Day Saints	60	25	25
Lutheran	125	75	55
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	30	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	65	25	40
Presbyterian	170	85	85
Reformed	35	15	20
United Church	645	290	360
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	335	150	185
Hindu	15	10	0
Jewish	110	40	70
Muslim	40	25	10
Sikh	270	120	150
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	150	45	100
No religion and secular perspectives	10,150	5,200	4,945
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,045	8,270	8,775
Non-movers	15,345	7,495	7,855
Movers	1,695	775	920
Non-migrants	900	400	500
Migrants	795	375	415
Internal migrants	720	350	375
Intraprovincial migrants	600	280	315
Interprovincial migrants	120	65	50
External migrants	75	30	45
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,425	7,955	8,475
Non-movers	10,645	5,130	5,515
Movers	5,780	2,825	2,955
Non-migrants	1,305	655	650
Migrants	4,470	2,170	2,300
Internal migrants	4,135	2,015	2,115
Intraprovincial migrants	3,435	1,700	1,735
Interprovincial migrants	695	320	380
External migrants	335	150	185
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,730	7,105	7,620
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,675	885	790
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,055	6,225	6,835
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,600	4,130	4,470
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	530	335	200
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,070	3,795	4,270
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,725	7,110	7,625
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,435	705	730
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,250	2,065	2,180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,050	4,335	4,715
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,570	2,420	2,155
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,325	1,050	275
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	450	265	180
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	875	780	90
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,760	1,170	1,585
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	490	195	290
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,475	1,915	2,565
Bachelor's degree	2,835	1,140	1,695
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	300	135	165
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	60	25
Master's degree	990	400	590
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	175	90
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,605	4,135	4,470
No certificate, diploma or degree	430	250	185
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,100	1,060	1,040
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,065	2,820	3,245
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,850	1,585	1,270
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	880	720	165
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	290	190	105
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	595	530	65
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,655	735	925
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	305	125	180
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,220	1,235	1,980
Bachelor's degree	2,165	820	1,340
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	230	85	140
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	25	15
Master's degree	675	240	435
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	70	50
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	14,725	7,105	7,620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,675	2,770	2,905
Education	745	220	525
13. Education	745	220	525
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	315	125	190
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	20	10
50. Visual and performing arts	285	105	180
Humanities	445	165	285
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	0	50
23. English language and literature/letters	155	50	105
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100	25	75
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	40	15
54. History	30	10	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,045	385	655
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	90	35	55
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	110	0	105
22. Legal professions and studies	145	70	80
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	10	30
42. Psychology	205	50	160
45. Social sciences	430	205	225
Business, management and public administration	1,615	605	1,005
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	155	45	105
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,460	555	905
Physical and life sciences and technologies	530	285	245
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	260	125	135
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	40	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0
40. Physical sciences	135	105	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	285	205	80
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235	170	60
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,735	1,625	115
04. Architecture and related services	35	25	15
14. Engineering	270	235	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	400	340	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	425	425	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	350	345	0
48. Precision production	255	255	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	345	210	135
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	210	115	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	95	40
Health and related fields	1,500	270	1,230
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	45	50
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,380	210	1,170
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	480	240	235
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	265	80	190
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	105	70	40
49. Transportation and materials moving	90	80	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,605	4,130	4,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,535	1,310	1,225
Education	435	120	320
13. Education	435	120	320
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	215	85	135
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	15	10
50. Visual and performing arts	195	65	125
Humanities	270	90	180
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	35
23. English language and literature/letters	85	25	65
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	15	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15
54. History	15	0	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	785	255	530
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	25	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	80	10	75
22. Legal professions and studies	105	35	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	0	25
42. Psychology	160	35	120
45. Social sciences	330	140	190
Business, management and public administration	1,075	395	680
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	20	75
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	980	375	605
Physical and life sciences and technologies	350	155	195
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175	75	100
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	30	55
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	80	60	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	225	165	60
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	195	155	45
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,110	1,020	90
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	0
14. Engineering	190	160	35
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	240	190	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	295	295	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	225	225	0
48. Precision production	140	140	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	255	140	110
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145	75	70
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	65	40
Health and related fields	995	200	790
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	40	35
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	910	160	745
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	350	185	165
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	180	65	115
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	80	50	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	80	70	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,605	4,130	4,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,535	1,310	1,225
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,070	2,825	3,245
Location of study inside Canada	5,355	2,515	2,835
Same as province or territory of residence	4,260	1,970	2,285
Different than province or territory of residence	1,100	545	545
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	710	300	410
Americas	205	100	100
United States of America	180	95	90
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	240	105	135
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	30	10	15
Netherlands	10	10	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	15
Ukraine	25	15	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	45	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	15
Africa	60	25	30
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	20	30
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	170	40	130
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	15
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10
Philippines	90	20	70
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	20	0	15
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	40	25	15
Australia	25	20	0
New Zealand	15	10	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	14,725	7,110	7,625
In the labour force	9,130	4,590	4,540
Employed	8,685	4,380	4,305
Unemployed	445	210	235
Not in the labour force	5,595	2,515	3,080
Participation rate	62.0	64.6	59.5
Employment rate	59.0	61.6	56.5
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.6	5.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	14,725	7,105	7,620
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,545	2,455	3,080
Worked	9,185	4,650	4,535
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,205	2,955	2,250
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,985	1,695	2,285
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.9	42.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,130	4,595	4,540
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	40	50
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,040	4,550	4,485
Employee	7,375	3,595	3,780
Permanent position	6,295	3,135	3,160
Temporary position	1,080	455	625
Fixed term (1 year or more)	320	170	150
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	760	285	470
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,670	960	705
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,130	4,595	4,540
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	40	50
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,040	4,550	4,485
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	155	100	55
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,580	400	1,175
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	820	600	220
3 Health occupations	840	180	655
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,250	450	795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	365	150	215
6 Sales and service occupations	1,975	880	1,095
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,505	1,390	115
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	340	230	110
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	210	160	50
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,130	4,595	4,540
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	40	50
All industries¹⁹¹	9,040	4,550	4,485
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	260	145	110
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	15	0
22 Utilities	35	35	0
23 Construction	750	660	95
31-33 Manufacturing	485	405	85
41 Wholesale trade	195	135	60
44-45 Retail trade	970	450	515
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	375	275	100
51 Information and cultural industries	135	90	45
52 Finance and insurance	205	65	135
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	180	90	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	800	425	375
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	455	260	190
61 Educational services	755	245	510
62 Health care and social assistance	1,290	245	1,045
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	290	160	135
72 Accommodation and food services	405	135	275
81 Other services (except public administration)	380	190	190
91 Public administration	1,050	510	540
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	9,795	4,950	4,845
English	9,605	4,870	4,735
French	15	0	15
Non-official language	15	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	10
English and French	65	50	15
English and non-official language(s)	90	30	60
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	9,795	4,950	4,845
Single responses	9,790	4,945	4,845
Official languages	9,755	4,930	4,830
English	9,735	4,930	4,805
French	20	0	20
Non-official languages	30	10	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	10	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	0
Chinese languages	20	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	10	0
English and French	10	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	9,795	4,950	4,845
None	9,640	4,880	4,765
English	25	0	20
French	50	40	10
Non-official language	65	20	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	20	45
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,685	4,380	4,305
Worked at home	2,300	960	1,335
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	995	760	235
Usual place of work	5,390	2,660	2,730
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,390	2,660	2,730
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,835	800	1,030
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,480	1,790	1,695
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	65	60	0
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,385	3,425	2,970
Car, truck or van	5,575	3,025	2,555
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,210	2,900	2,310
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	370	125	245
Public transit	210	100	110
Walked	290	120	170
Bicycle	130	80	50
Other method	175	95	80
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,385	3,425	2,970
Less than 15 minutes	2,240	1,015	1,230
15 to 29 minutes	2,790	1,590	1,205
30 to 44 minutes	1,040	640	400
45 to 59 minutes	145	70	80
60 minutes and over	165	110	55
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,385	3,425	2,970
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	310	215	90
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,080	685	390
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,820	1,020	800
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,620	745	880
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	790	320	465
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	775	430	345
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,050	1,535	1,510
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190	100	85
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,860	1,435	1,420
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,270	1,155	1,115
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	145	80	65
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55	30	30
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	90	55	35
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,125	1,075	1,050

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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