Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saanich, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	117,735
Population, 2016¹	114,148
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.1
Total private dwellings²	50,064
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	48,048
Population density per square kilometre	1,136.6
Land area in square kilometres	103.59
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	117,735
0 to 14 years	15,200
0 to 4 years	4,100
5 to 9 years	5,445
10 to 14 years	5,655
15 to 64 years	75,375
15 to 19 years	6,480
20 to 24 years	9,020
25 to 29 years	7,550
30 to 34 years	6,915
35 to 39 years	7,305
40 to 44 years	7,145
45 to 49 years	7,060
50 to 54 years	7,590
55 to 59 years	8,175
60 to 64 years	8,140
65 years and over	27,165
65 to 69 years	7,875
70 to 74 years	6,945
75 to 79 years	4,965
80 to 84 years	3,340
85 years and over	4,040
85 to 89 years	2,260
90 to 94 years	1,300
95 to 99 years	430
100 years and over	50
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.9
15 to 64 years	64.0
65 years and over	23.1
85 years and over	3.4
Average age of the population	44.3
Median age of the population	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,050
Single-detached house	22,380
Semi-detached house	1,200
Row house	3,660
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,350
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,755
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	630
Other single-attached house	60
Movable dwelling⁴	10
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,045
1 person	13,175
2 persons	17,710
3 persons	7,330
4 persons	6,305
5 or more persons	3,525
Number of persons in private households	115,505
Average household size	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	102,535
Married or living common-law	57,370
Married	47,535
Living common-law	9,840
Living common law - Never married	7,190
Living common law - Separated	290
Living common law - Divorced	2,135
Living common law - Widowed	225
Not married and not living common-law	45,160
Not married and not living common law - Never married	30,170
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,230
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,025
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,745
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,675
2 persons	18,560
3 persons	6,595
4 persons	5,870
5 or more persons	1,650
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,670
Total couple families	27,900
Married couples	22,980
With children⁶	11,185
Without children	11,800
Common-law couples	4,920
With children⁶	1,370
Without children	3,545
Total one-parent families	4,770
in which the parent is a woman+	3,690
in which the parent is a man+	1,085
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	115,505
Total - Persons in census families	89,030
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,800
Parents in one-parent families	4,775
Children⁶	28,460
In a two-parent family	21,740
In a one-parent family	6,720
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,480
Living alone	13,175
Living with other relatives⁷	2,840
Living with non-relatives only	10,460
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,045
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,210
Couple-family households	23,545
With children⁶	10,550
Without children	12,995
One-parent-family households	3,665
Multigenerational households⁸	1,355
Multiple-census-family households⁹	550
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,265
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,500
One-person households	13,175
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	100,310
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,640
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,710
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,935
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,925
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,110
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,180
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,695
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	100,310
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,495
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,705
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,925
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,950
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,045
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,660
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,700
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	100,315
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,310
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,630
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	100,310
Without total income	2,670
With total income	97,645
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,305
$10,000 to $19,999	10,145
$20,000 to $29,999	13,585
$30,000 to $39,999	11,650
$40,000 to $49,999	10,820
$50,000 to $59,999	9,320
$60,000 to $69,999	7,620
$70,000 to $79,999	6,065
$80,000 to $89,999	4,740
$90,000 to $99,999	3,810
$100,000 and over	11,585
$100,000 to $149,999	7,705
$150,000 and over	3,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	100,310
Without after-tax income	2,605
With after-tax income	97,710
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,820
$10,000 to $19,999	10,545
$20,000 to $29,999	15,345
$30,000 to $39,999	13,655
$40,000 to $49,999	12,545
$50,000 to $59,999	10,165
$60,000 to $69,999	7,610
$70,000 to $79,999	5,855
$80,000 to $89,999	4,020
$90,000 to $99,999	2,620
$100,000 and over	6,515
$100,000 to $124,999	3,240
$125,000 and over	3,275
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	100,310
Without employment income	31,390
With employment income	68,925
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,675
$5,000 to $9,999	5,580
$10,000 to $19,999	7,925
$20,000 to $29,999	6,180
$30,000 to $39,999	5,690
$40,000 to $49,999	5,895
$50,000 to $59,999	5,695
$60,000 to $69,999	4,700
$70,000 to $79,999	3,935
$80,000 to $89,999	3,390
$90,000 to $99,999	2,735
$100,000 and over	7,520
$100,000 to $124,999	3,610
$125,000 and over	3,910
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	100,310
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,985
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,125
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,730
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,945
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,545
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,455
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	100,310
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,040
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,210
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,620
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,650
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,955
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,685
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,390
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	100,315
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,110
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,310
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	89.8
Employment income (%)	65.2
Government transfers (%)	10.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,045
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,175
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,875
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,045
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	117,100
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,600
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,165
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,900
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,880
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,600
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,045
Under $5,000	570
$5,000 to $9,999	255
$10,000 to $14,999	375
$15,000 to $19,999	810
$20,000 to $24,999	1,405
$25,000 to $29,999	1,225
$30,000 to $34,999	1,295
$35,000 to $39,999	1,425
$40,000 to $44,999	1,620
$45,000 to $49,999	1,675
$50,000 to $59,999	3,225
$60,000 to $69,999	3,205
$70,000 to $79,999	3,090
$80,000 to $89,999	2,920
$90,000 to $99,999	2,740
$100,000 and over	22,215
$100,000 to $124,999	5,775
$125,000 to $149,999	4,600
$150,000 to $199,999	5,915
$200,000 and over	5,920
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,045
Under $5,000	675
$5,000 to $9,999	265
$10,000 to $14,999	385
$15,000 to $19,999	835
$20,000 to $24,999	1,475
$25,000 to $29,999	1,435
$30,000 to $34,999	1,490
$35,000 to $39,999	1,780
$40,000 to $44,999	1,865
$45,000 to $49,999	1,965
$50,000 to $59,999	3,820
$60,000 to $69,999	3,625
$70,000 to $79,999	3,515
$80,000 to $89,999	3,285
$90,000 to $99,999	2,990
$100,000 and over	18,640
$100,000 to $124,999	6,080
$125,000 to $149,999	4,410
$150,000 and over	8,140
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,210
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,955
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,630
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,455
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,630
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,265
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,000
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,610
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	173,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,480
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,400
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	23,540
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	115,510
0 to 17 years	18,890
0 to 5 years	5,155
18 to 64 years	71,035
65 years and over	25,580
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,465
0 to 17 years	1,640
0 to 5 years	445
18 to 64 years	5,705
65 years and over	2,120
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.2
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0
65 years and over (%)	8.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	115,505
0 to 17 years	18,890
0 to 5 years	5,150
18 to 64 years	71,035
65 years and over	25,575
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,160
0 to 17 years	865
0 to 5 years	175
18 to 64 years	4,830
65 years and over	470
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8
65 years and over (%)	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	115,510
In bottom half of the distribution	47,785
In bottom decile	11,175
In second decile	8,730
In third decile	8,650
In fourth decile	9,285
In fifth decile	9,940
In top half of the distribution	67,720
In sixth decile	11,400
In seventh decile	12,005
In eighth decile	13,410
In ninth decile	15,675
In top decile	15,235
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	115,505
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.407
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.286
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	115,970
English only	103,760
French only	40
English and French	10,305
Neither English nor French	1,865
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	115,970
English	112,475
French	1,320
English and French	355
Neither English nor French	1,820
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	115,970
Single responses	112,595
Official languages	89,580
English	88,270
French	1,305
Non-official languages	23,015
Indigenous languages³⁹	30
Algonquian languages	10
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	15
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5
Squamish	0
Straits	5
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	5
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,985
Afro-Asiatic languages	840
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	45
Bilen	0
Oromo	5
Somali	40
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	785
Amharic	40
Arabic	625
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	40
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	50
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	615
Khmer (Cambodian)	40
Vietnamese	570
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,710
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55
Cebuano	70
Fijian	5
Hiligaynon	30
Ilocano	75
Indonesian	30
Kankanaey	10
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,375
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	260
Kannada	10
Malayalam	115
Tamil	80
Telugu	50
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	10,200
Albanian	50
Armenian	20
Balto-Slavic languages	1,450
Baltic languages	20
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	1,425
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	55
Czech	115
Macedonian	0
Polish	295
Russian	370
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	360
Bosnian	25
Croatian	230
Serbian	100
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	30
Ukrainian	145
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	20
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	5
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,830
Frisian	5
High German languages	1,075
German	1,030
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	40
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	585
Afrikaans	95
Dutch	470
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	170
Danish	80
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	35
Swedish	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	125
Indo-Iranian languages	4,235
Indo-Aryan languages	3,695
Assamese	0
Bengali	130
Gujarati	80
Hindi	495
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	25
Nepali	100
Oriya languages	5
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,655
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35
Urdu	135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	535
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	20
Parsi	0
Pashto	15
Persian languages	495
Dari	30
Iranian Persian	420
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,470
Catalan	5
Italian	400
Portuguese	705
Romanian	120
Spanish	1,240
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5
Japanese	625
Korean	755
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	125
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10
Ga	5
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	15
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	20
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,335
Chinese languages	7,300
Hakka	25
Mandarin	4,030
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	145
Wu (Shanghainese)	50
Yue (Cantonese)	2,945
Chinese, n.o.s.	105
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	35
Burmese	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	5
S'gaw Karen	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	100
Lao	5
Thai	95
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	105
Azerbaijani	5
Kazakh	0
Turkish	85
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	280
Estonian	5
Finnish	70
Hungarian	210
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	3,375
English and French	460
English and non-official language(s)	2,545
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	60
Multiple non-official languages	260
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	115,970
English	91,950
French	235
Non-official language	5,970
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	5,965
English and French	1,170
English and non-official language(s)	15,635
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	525
Multiple non-official languages	460
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	115,970
Single responses	112,470
Official languages	100,625
English	100,240
French	385
Non-official languages	11,845
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,840
Afro-Asiatic languages	495
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	20
Bilen	0
Oromo	5
Somali	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	475
Amharic	25
Arabic	405
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	15
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	30
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	350
Khmer (Cambodian)	25
Vietnamese	325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	905
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25
Cebuano	25
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	40
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	780
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	125
Kannada	0
Malayalam	60
Tamil	30
Telugu	20
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	4,145
Albanian	20
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	455
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	455
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	30
Czech	20
Macedonian	0
Polish	70
Russian	185
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	110
Bosnian	10
Croatian	55
Serbian	45
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	225
Frisian	0
High German languages	130
German	125
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	45
Indo-Iranian languages	2,465
Indo-Aryan languages	2,125
Assamese	0
Bengali	80
Gujarati	20
Hindi	245
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	15
Nepali	35
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,630
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	80
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	340
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	5
Pashto	10
Persian languages	305
Dari	15
Iranian Persian	265
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	935
Catalan	0
Italian	70
Portuguese	260
Romanian	40
Spanish	565
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	245
Korean	525
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	35
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	30
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,825
Chinese languages	4,805
Hakka	0
Mandarin	2,950
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60
Wu (Shanghainese)	25
Yue (Cantonese)	1,720
Chinese, n.o.s.	45
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20
Burmese	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	0
Thai	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	60
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	55
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	50
Estonian	0
Finnish	15
Hungarian	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	3,500
English and French	170
English and non-official language(s)	3,210
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	35
Multiple non-official languages	75
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	115,970
None	100,995
English	4,915
French	990
Non-official language	7,355
Indigenous³⁹	40
Non-Indigenous	7,320
English and French	60
English and non-official language(s)	655
French and non-official language(s)	300
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	700
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	115,510
Official languages	113,660
English	113,625
French	10,360
Non-official languages	31,610
Indigenous languages³⁹	100
Algonquian languages	15
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	10
Salish languages	30
Halkomelem	10
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	20
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	20
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	31,525
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,320
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	60
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	50
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,280
Amharic	130
Arabic	960
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	145
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	90
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	910
Khmer (Cambodian)	70
Vietnamese	845
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,340
Bikol	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	70
Cebuano	135
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	55
Ilocano	150
Indonesian	65
Kankanaey	10
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,115
Waray-Waray	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	80
Creole languages	55
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	35
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	430
Kannada	45
Malayalam	170
Tamil	215
Telugu	90
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	15,765
Albanian	60
Armenian	20
Balto-Slavic languages	1,885
Baltic languages	50
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	30
Slavic languages	1,835
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	75
Czech	115
Macedonian	10
Polish	375
Russian	625
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	455
Bosnian	35
Croatian	345
Serbian	105
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	45
Slovene (Slovenian)	30
Ukrainian	280
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	30
Irish	15
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	3,270
Frisian	0
High German languages	2,155
German	2,095
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	90
Yiddish	30
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	885
Afrikaans	270
Dutch	620
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	360
Danish	140
Icelandic	15
Norwegian	95
Swedish	145
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	220
Indo-Iranian languages	5,585
Indo-Aryan languages	4,955
Assamese	0
Bengali	170
Gujarati	145
Hindi	1,850
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	15
Marathi	65
Nepali	125
Oriya languages	15
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,700
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45
Urdu	240
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	635
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	30
Parsi	20
Pashto	15
Persian languages	600
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	560
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,210
Catalan	15
Italian	825
Portuguese	1,020
Romanian	175
Spanish	3,510
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	1,490
Korean	895
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	255
Akan (Twi)	20
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	25
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	20
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	115
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	10
Sign languages	225
American Sign Language	190
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,355
Chinese languages	8,260
Hakka	75
Mandarin	5,590
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	300
Wu (Shanghainese)	90
Yue (Cantonese)	3,635
Chinese, n.o.s.	70
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	100
Burmese	60
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	25
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	190
Lao	0
Thai	190
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	230
Azerbaijani	25
Kazakh	10
Turkish	200
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	275
Estonian	0
Finnish	85
Hungarian	190
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,505
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,015
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,860
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,080
Métis	1,755
Inuk (Inuit)	30
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	85
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60
Non-Indigenous identity	111,495
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,505
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,380
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	114,125
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,045
Owner	33,270
Renter	14,775
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,045
Condominium	7,775
Not condominium	40,270
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,045
No bedrooms	515
1 bedroom	6,125
2 bedrooms	12,440
3 bedrooms	13,685
4 or more bedrooms	15,285
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,045
1 to 4 rooms	14,005
5 rooms	6,390
6 rooms	6,125
7 rooms	6,110
8 or more rooms	15,415
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,045
One person or fewer per room	47,320
More than one person per room	725
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,045
Suitable	46,235
Not suitable	1,815
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,045
1960 or before	11,465
1961 to 1980	15,605
1981 to 1990	8,305
1991 to 2000	5,870
2001 to 2005	1,960
2006 to 2010	1,665
2011 to 2015	1,235
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,935
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,045
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,545
Major repairs needed	2,505
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,045
One-maintainer household	21,575
Two-maintainer household	22,530
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,945
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,045
15 to 24 years	2,145
25 to 34 years	5,600
35 to 44 years	7,035
45 to 54 years	8,180
55 to 64 years	9,180
65 to 74 years	8,745
75 to 84 years	4,945
85 years and over	2,215
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,775
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,530
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,245
30% to less than 100%	9,860
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,045
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,385
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,190
Not suitable only	1,350
Major repairs needed only	1,690
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	340
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	685
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35
Acceptable housing	33,665
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,395
In core need	4,800
Not in core need	41,595
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,140
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.6
% in core housing need⁶³	5.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,678
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	930,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,011,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,765
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.4
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.1
% in core housing need⁶³	20.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,520
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	115,505
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,000
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	975
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	770
Métis single ancestry	200
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,830
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,440
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,195
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	135
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	125
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	110,670
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	115,505
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	105,170
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,810
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	87,365
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,335
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	115,505
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	85,745
Immigrants⁸¹	26,045
Before 1980	7,705
1980 to 1990	3,205
1991 to 2000	3,905
2001 to 2010	4,950
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,280
2011 to 2015	2,870
2016 to 2021	3,405
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,720
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	26,045
Under 5 years	2,325
5 to 14 years	4,205
15 to 24 years	5,260
25 to 44 years	11,435
45 years and over	2,825
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	26,045
Americas	3,005
Brazil	105
Colombia	155
El Salvador	95
Guyana	60
Haiti	15
Jamaica	85
Mexico	270
Peru	25
Trinidad and Tobago	95
United States of America	1,655
Other places of birth in Americas	450
Europe	8,070
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25
Croatia	180
France	130
Germany	730
Greece	120
Hungary	135
Italy	255
Netherlands	390
Poland	255
Portugal	505
Romania	175
Russian Federation	195
Serbia⁸⁶	80
Ukraine	205
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,760
Other places of birth in Europe	920
Africa	1,195
Algeria	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15
Egypt	85
Eritrea	45
Ethiopia	85
Morocco	45
Nigeria	50
Somalia	35
South Africa, Republic of	380
Other places of birth in Africa	440
Asia	13,350
Afghanistan	10
Iran⁸⁸	425
Iraq	25
Lebanon	85
Syria⁸⁹	195
Turkey	105
China⁹⁰	4,110
Hong Kong⁹¹	720
Korea, South⁹²	490
Taiwan	340
Philippines	1,995
Viet Nam	540
Bangladesh	70
India	2,650
Pakistan	115
Sri Lanka	70
Other places of birth in Asia	1,415
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	420
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,405
Americas	345
Brazil	35
Colombia	25
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	20
United States of America	210
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	55
Europe	250
France	10
Germany	20
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	15
Russian Federation	15
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100
Other places of birth in Europe	85
Africa	210
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	20
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	10
Nigeria	35
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	25
Sudan⁹⁷	45
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	50
Asia	2,550
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	15
China⁹⁰	740
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
India	505
Iran⁸⁸	50
Iraq	10
Israel	0
Japan	95
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	120
Lebanon	20
Nepal	70
Pakistan	10
Philippines	505
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	155
Turkey	75
United Arab Emirates	15
Viet Nam	70
Other places of birth in Asia	75
Oceania and other⁹³	50
Australia	30
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	115,510
First generation¹⁰⁰	31,910
Second generation¹⁰¹	26,365
Third generation or more¹⁰²	57,235
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	18,340
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10,095
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,495
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,600
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	6,740
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,370
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	18,340
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	325
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,760
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	860
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,605
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,670
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	115,505
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	28,845
South Asian	6,605
Chinese	10,105
Black	1,510
Filipino	2,895
Arab	805
Latin American	1,225
Southeast Asian	1,590
West Asian	610
Korean	940
Japanese	1,380
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	255
Multiple visible minorities	935
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	86,660
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	115,505
Canadian	12,525
English	33,100
Irish	19,200
Scottish	24,650
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,845
German	12,705
Chinese	10,175
Italian	3,680
Indian (India)	4,305
Ukrainian	5,015
Dutch	4,565
Polish	3,220
Québécois	265
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,165
Filipino	2,855
French Canadian	1,165
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,390
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,495
Métis	1,550
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,995
Russian	2,365
Norwegian	3,325
Welsh	3,745
Portuguese	1,495
American	2,350
Spanish	1,185
Swedish	2,730
Hungarian	1,275
Acadian	225
Pakistani	245
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	470
Jewish	970
Punjabi	910
Vietnamese	975
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	420
Greek	730
Jamaican	250
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	860
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	510
Korean	960
Romanian	700
Lebanese	230
Iranian	625
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	220
Danish	1,750
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	280
Sikh	780
Austrian	1,290
Belgian	665
Haitian	10
Hindu	315
Mexican	560
Mennonite	310
Swiss	805
Finnish	825
Sri Lankan	95
Croatian	795
Japanese	1,585
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	240
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	100
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	780
Muslim	140
Egyptian	120
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	275
Tamil	100
Icelandic	670
Colombian	200
Moroccan	70
Czech	490
Syrian	195
Guyanese	45
Afghan	30
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	100
Serbian	155
Ojibway	95
Newfoundlander	105
Hong Konger	175
Ontarian	160
Persian	215
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	125
Turkish	295
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60
Bangladeshi	95
Algerian	45
Brazilian	255
Nigerian	70
Armenian	45
Slovak	260
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	310
Somali	70
Taiwanese	335
Iraqi	30
Salvadorean	115
African Caribbean	55
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	165
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	85
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	85
Algonquin	50
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	60
Lithuanian	365
South African	400
Australian	505
Palestinian	70
Chilean	125
Congolese	20
Nova Scotian	75
Ethiopian	85
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	90
Peruvian	65
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	85
Berber	15
Albanian	75
Maltese	85
Macedonian	30
Slovenian	150
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	235
New Brunswicker	50
Gujarati	95
Eritrean	100
African Canadian	30
Israeli	80
Mohawk	50
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	110
Bulgarian	95
Albertan	130
Ghanaian	45
Barbadian	45
African American	105
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	155
Cuban	25
Bosnian	65
Venezuelan	25
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10
Latvian	110
Bengali	15
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	65
Indonesian	205
Laotian	10
Ilocano	50
Northern Irish	160
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	235
British Columbian	655
Ecuadorian	40
Franco Ontarian	35
Argentinian	105
Estonian	105
Kurdish	30
Fijian	85
Jatt	45
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65
Coptic	0
Thai	220
Dominican	10
Nepali	110
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	10
Byelorussian	65
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35
New Zealander	255
Sudanese	45
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65
Malaysian	85
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	15
Saskatchewanian	115
Buddhist	15
Gaspesian	0
Norman	35
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	40
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	40
Mauritian	30
Kenyan	55
Oji-Cree	25
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	50
Manitoban	35
Cape Bretoner	30
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	20
Malayali	20
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	35
Honduran	0
Cherokee	65
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	10
Flemish	60
United Empire Loyalist	30
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	35
Sicilian	15
Pashtun	0
Malay	75
Goan	25
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	20
Zimbabwean	25
Burmese	45
Mongolian	20
Azorean	45
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	30
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	10
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	35
Basque	40
Uruguayan	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	40
Igorot	35
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	10
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	50
Costa Rican	55
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	55
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	10
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	115,505
Buddhist	1,520
Christian	38,645
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,915
Anabaptist	160
Anglican	5,460
Baptist	1,470
Catholic	12,415
Christian Orthodox	785
Jehovah's Witness	260
Latter Day Saints	500
Lutheran	980
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	290
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	905
Presbyterian	840
Reformed	240
United Church	4,160
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,260
Hindu	1,370
Jewish	760
Muslim	1,855
Sikh	3,250
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	100
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,540
No religion and secular perspectives	66,460
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	114,855
Non-movers	98,490
Movers	16,370
Non-migrants	10,715
Migrants	5,650
Internal migrants	4,365
Intraprovincial migrants	2,685
Interprovincial migrants	1,680
External migrants	1,285
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	111,460
Non-movers	67,410
Movers	44,050
Non-migrants	14,355
Migrants	29,705
Internal migrants	24,210
Intraprovincial migrants	18,585
Interprovincial migrants	5,625
External migrants	5,490
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,315
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,775
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	88,535
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,195
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,675
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,520
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,310
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,430
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,555
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,630
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,035
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,315
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,725
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,385
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,210
Bachelor's degree or higher	35,920
Bachelor's degree	21,735
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,225
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,210
Master's degree	8,560
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,195
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,190
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,990
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,530
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,670
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,875
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,930
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,455
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,480
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,945
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,000
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,795
Bachelor's degree	15,690
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,560
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	800
Master's degree	6,415
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,325
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	100,310
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,755
Education	4,495
13. Education	4,495
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,230
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115
50. Visual and performing arts	2,115
Humanities	4,235
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	510
23. English language and literature/letters	1,185
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,025
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	185
38. Philosophy and religious studies	215
39. Theology and religious vocations	255
54. History	715
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,040
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	205
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	745
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	955
22. Legal professions and studies	1,245
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	235
42. Psychology	1,840
45. Social sciences	3,815
Business, management and public administration	11,430
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,210
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,195
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,685
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,710
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	595
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85
40. Physical sciences	1,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	95
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,075
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,275
25. Library science	235
27. Mathematics and statistics	495
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,730
04. Architecture and related services	395
14. Engineering	2,855
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,115
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,385
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,210
48. Precision production	765
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,510
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	790
03. Natural resources and conservation	720
Health and related fields	9,720
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	780
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,545
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	385
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,375
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,450
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50
43. Security and protective services	440
49. Transportation and materials moving	380
Other¹⁷⁹	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,525
Education	2,495
13. Education	2,495
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,625
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65
50. Visual and performing arts	1,560
Humanities	2,785
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	350
23. English language and literature/letters	780
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	730
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165
39. Theology and religious vocations	115
54. History	445
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,730
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	635
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	700
22. Legal professions and studies	920
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	170
42. Psychology	1,255
45. Social sciences	2,865
Business, management and public administration	8,335
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	800
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,520
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,395
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,155
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	370
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60
40. Physical sciences	740
41. Science technologies/technicians	70
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,340
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,895
25. Library science	105
27. Mathematics and statistics	300
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,585
04. Architecture and related services	270
14. Engineering	2,060
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,615
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	795
48. Precision production	435
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,095
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	620
03. Natural resources and conservation	475
Health and related fields	6,580
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	570
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,785
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	215
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,675
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,045
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25
43. Security and protective services	355
49. Transportation and materials moving	225
Other¹⁷⁹	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,525
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,670
Location of study inside Canada	34,410
Same as province or territory of residence	26,590
Different than province or territory of residence	7,825
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	8,255
Americas	1,800
United States of America	1,315
Mexico	140
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Brazil	115
Colombia	60
Peru	30
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	115
Europe	1,675
Belgium	30
France	85
Germany	115
Netherlands	60
Switzerland	40
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	30
Romania	40
Russian Federation	75
Ukraine	100
Ireland⁹⁶	55
United Kingdom⁸⁷	820
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10
Italy	45
Serbia⁸⁶	25
Other locations of study in Europe	155
Africa	300
Nigeria	25
Algeria	0
Morocco	15
Tunisia	0
Egypt	35
South Africa, Republic of	110
Other locations of study in Africa	105
Asia	4,160
Iran⁸⁸	180
Iraq	25
Israel	20
Lebanon	20
Syria⁸⁹	20
Turkey	60
China⁹⁰	980
Taiwan	110
Hong Kong⁹¹	55
Japan	265
Korea, South⁹²	285
Philippines	935
Viet Nam	75
Bangladesh	30
Sri Lanka	0
India	880
Pakistan	25
Other locations of study in Asia	180
Oceania	330
Australia	250
New Zealand	75
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	100,310
In the labour force	62,535
Employed	58,280
Unemployed	4,255
Not in the labour force	37,775
Participation rate	62.3
Employment rate	58.1
Unemployment rate	6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	100,310
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,370
Worked	62,940
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,330
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,615
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,535
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,025
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,510
Employee	50,820
Permanent position	41,855
Temporary position	8,960
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,675
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,285
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,695
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,535
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,025
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,510
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	820
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,710
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,060
3 Health occupations	5,905
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,455
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,505
6 Sales and service occupations	15,450
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,280
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,315
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,005
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,535
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,025
All industries¹⁹¹	61,510
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	625
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70
22 Utilities	200
23 Construction	4,630
31-33 Manufacturing	1,970
41 Wholesale trade	935
44-45 Retail trade	7,090
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,225
51 Information and cultural industries	950
52 Finance and insurance	1,865
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,195
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,055
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,580
61 Educational services	5,750
62 Health care and social assistance	9,380
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,485
72 Accommodation and food services	4,535
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,490
91 Public administration	7,410
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,960
English	65,260
French	95
Non-official language	485
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	480
English and French	575
English and non-official language(s)	1,465
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,960
Single responses	67,655
Official languages	66,865
English	66,700
French	165
Non-official languages	795
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	790
Afro-Asiatic languages	45
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	45
Amharic	0
Arabic	15
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	10
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	130
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	15
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40
Indo-Aryan languages	30
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	70
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	60
Korean	105
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	425
Chinese languages	425
Hakka	0
Mandarin	285
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	135
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	305
English and French	65
English and non-official language(s)	235
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,960
None	66,110
English	345
French	460
Non-official language	845
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	830
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	25
French and non-official language(s)	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	115
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,280
Worked at home	15,810
Worked outside Canada	140
No fixed workplace address	7,440
Usual place of work	34,890
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,890
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,805
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	540
Commute to a different province or territory	110
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,325
Car, truck or van	32,655
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,295
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,355
Public transit	3,710
Walked	2,660
Bicycle	2,160
Other method	1,140
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,325
Less than 15 minutes	13,860
15 to 29 minutes	21,215
30 to 44 minutes	5,400
45 to 59 minutes	955
60 minutes and over	895
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,325
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,385
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,620
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,260
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,840
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,040
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,310
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,205
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,105
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,830
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	950
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	510
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	440
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,885

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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