Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saltspring Island, Regional district electoral area (RDA)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	11,635
Population, 2016¹	10,557
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.2
Total private dwellings²	6,105
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	5,120
Population density per square kilometre	63.6
Land area in square kilometres	182.94
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	11,635
0 to 14 years	1,340
0 to 4 years	340
5 to 9 years	420
10 to 14 years	585
15 to 64 years	6,235
15 to 19 years	460
20 to 24 years	310
25 to 29 years	345
30 to 34 years	495
35 to 39 years	565
40 to 44 years	630
45 to 49 years	715
50 to 54 years	695
55 to 59 years	925
60 to 64 years	1,110
65 years and over	4,050
65 to 69 years	1,250
70 to 74 years	1,210
75 to 79 years	745
80 to 84 years	400
85 years and over	455
85 to 89 years	260
90 to 94 years	140
95 to 99 years	50
100 years and over	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.5
15 to 64 years	53.6
65 years and over	34.8
85 years and over	3.9
Average age of the population	51.2
Median age of the population	56.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	5,120
Single-detached house	4,170
Semi-detached house	190
Row house	175
Apartment or flat in a duplex	245
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	90
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0
Other single-attached house	15
Movable dwelling⁴	235
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	5,120
1 person	1,590
2 persons	2,155
3 persons	640
4 persons	460
5 or more persons	280
Number of persons in private households	11,275
Average household size	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	10,295
Married or living common-law	6,175
Married	4,730
Living common-law	1,450
Living common law - Never married	935
Living common law - Separated	55
Living common law - Divorced	405
Living common law - Widowed	55
Not married and not living common-law	4,115
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,125
Not married and not living common law - Separated	330
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	985
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	680
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	3,445
2 persons	2,340
3 persons	560
4 persons	400
5 or more persons	140
Average size of census families	2.5
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	3,440
Total couple families	2,985
Married couples	2,260
With children⁶	730
Without children	1,535
Common-law couples	725
With children⁶	215
Without children	505
Total one-parent families	460
in which the parent is a woman+	320
in which the parent is a man+	135
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	11,275
Total - Persons in census families	8,720
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,975
Parents in one-parent families	455
Children⁶	2,290
In a two-parent family	1,635
In a one-parent family	660
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,550
Living alone	1,590
Living with other relatives⁷	225
Living with non-relatives only	740
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	5,120
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,885
Couple-family households	2,570
With children⁶	805
Without children	1,770
One-parent-family households	315
Multigenerational households⁸	115
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	230
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	235
One-person households	1,590
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	9,935
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,730
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,740
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,035
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,340
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	22,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,185
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	515
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,540
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	9,920
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,710
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,650
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,725
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,080
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,650
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,320
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,055
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	450
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,340
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,480
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	9,920
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,105
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,135
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	51.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	9,935
Without total income	200
With total income	9,735
Under $10,000 (including loss)	810
$10,000 to $19,999	1,190
$20,000 to $29,999	1,775
$30,000 to $39,999	1,335
$40,000 to $49,999	1,050
$50,000 to $59,999	840
$60,000 to $69,999	625
$70,000 to $79,999	445
$80,000 to $89,999	330
$90,000 to $99,999	265
$100,000 and over	1,060
$100,000 to $149,999	605
$150,000 and over	450
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	9,935
Without after-tax income	190
With after-tax income	9,745
Under $10,000 (including loss)	900
$10,000 to $19,999	1,260
$20,000 to $29,999	1,965
$30,000 to $39,999	1,480
$40,000 to $49,999	1,150
$50,000 to $59,999	850
$60,000 to $69,999	540
$70,000 to $79,999	435
$80,000 to $89,999	290
$90,000 to $99,999	175
$100,000 and over	695
$100,000 to $124,999	275
$125,000 and over	415
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	9,935
Without employment income	3,595
With employment income	6,340
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,540
$5,000 to $9,999	605
$10,000 to $19,999	840
$20,000 to $29,999	630
$30,000 to $39,999	535
$40,000 to $49,999	445
$50,000 to $59,999	365
$60,000 to $69,999	315
$70,000 to $79,999	195
$80,000 to $89,999	160
$90,000 to $99,999	125
$100,000 and over	585
$100,000 to $124,999	230
$125,000 and over	360
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	9,935
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,510
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,525
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,875
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,520
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,955
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	385
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	9,920
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,500
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,510
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,950
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,490
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,795
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	360
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	9,920
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,025
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,965
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4
Employment income (%)	54.8
Government transfers (%)	12.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	5,120
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,590
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	3,530
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	5,120
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,700
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,620
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,680
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,160
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	3,505
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	140,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,200
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	5,120
Under $5,000	70
$5,000 to $9,999	25
$10,000 to $14,999	55
$15,000 to $19,999	120
$20,000 to $24,999	250
$25,000 to $29,999	210
$30,000 to $34,999	200
$35,000 to $39,999	195
$40,000 to $44,999	220
$45,000 to $49,999	190
$50,000 to $59,999	375
$60,000 to $69,999	400
$70,000 to $79,999	340
$80,000 to $89,999	270
$90,000 to $99,999	270
$100,000 and over	1,925
$100,000 to $124,999	565
$125,000 to $149,999	410
$150,000 to $199,999	455
$200,000 and over	495
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	5,120
Under $5,000	95
$5,000 to $9,999	35
$10,000 to $14,999	55
$15,000 to $19,999	125
$20,000 to $24,999	275
$25,000 to $29,999	215
$30,000 to $34,999	215
$35,000 to $39,999	235
$40,000 to $44,999	245
$45,000 to $49,999	200
$50,000 to $59,999	465
$60,000 to $69,999	420
$70,000 to $79,999	355
$80,000 to $89,999	340
$90,000 to $99,999	320
$100,000 and over	1,540
$100,000 to $124,999	560
$125,000 to $149,999	345
$150,000 and over	635
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	3,375
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,875
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	970
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	410
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,330
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	3,355
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,820
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,010
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	182,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	385
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,290
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	11,270
0 to 17 years	1,620
0 to 5 years	415
18 to 64 years	5,835
65 years and over	3,815
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,540
0 to 17 years	310
0 to 5 years	90
18 to 64 years	795
65 years and over	440
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	19.0
0 to 5 years (%)	22.0
18 to 64 years (%)	13.6
65 years and over (%)	11.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	11,275
0 to 17 years	1,620
0 to 5 years	415
18 to 64 years	5,835
65 years and over	3,815
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	445
0 to 17 years	100
0 to 5 years	30
18 to 64 years	285
65 years and over	60
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8
65 years and over (%)	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	11,275
In bottom half of the distribution	5,950
In bottom decile	1,570
In second decile	1,165
In third decile	1,165
In fourth decile	1,120
In fifth decile	925
In top half of the distribution	5,325
In sixth decile	990
In seventh decile	1,000
In eighth decile	1,005
In ninth decile	1,005
In top decile	1,320
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	11,275
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.402
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.516
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.348
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	11,560
English only	10,040
French only	0
English and French	1,475
Neither English nor French	40
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	11,560
English	11,295
French	235
English and French	25
Neither English nor French	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	11,560
Single responses	11,400
Official languages	10,575
English	10,335
French	240
Non-official languages	825
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	820
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	10
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	35
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	10
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	600
Albanian	0
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	70
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	60
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	20
Russian	15
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	370
Frisian	0
High German languages	230
German	215
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	85
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	50
Danish	20
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20
Indo-Aryan languages	15
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	5
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	125
Catalan	0
Italian	20
Portuguese	25
Romanian	10
Spanish	80
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	60
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40
Chinese languages	40
Hakka	0
Mandarin	25
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	35
Estonian	5
Finnish	15
Hungarian	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	155
English and French	50
English and non-official language(s)	85
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	11,560
English	10,670
French	20
Non-official language	110
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	105
English and French	185
English and non-official language(s)	525
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45
Multiple non-official languages	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	11,560
Single responses	11,460
Official languages	11,270
English	11,220
French	50
Non-official languages	195
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	190
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	5
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	125
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	5
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	55
Frisian	0
High German languages	35
German	35
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60
Catalan	0
Italian	35
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	25
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10
Chinese languages	10
Hakka	0
Mandarin	5
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	100
English and French	25
English and non-official language(s)	65
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	11,560
None	10,870
English	95
French	140
Non-official language	375
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	375
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	10
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	30
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	11,275
Official languages	11,250
English	11,250
French	1,420
Non-official languages	1,685
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,685
Afro-Asiatic languages	80
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	80
Amharic	0
Arabic	30
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	45
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	35
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,320
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	135
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	130
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	35
Russian	40
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	600
Frisian	0
High German languages	420
German	405
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140
Afrikaans	40
Dutch	100
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	75
Danish	25
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	15
Swedish	35
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40
Indo-Aryan languages	25
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	25
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	635
Catalan	0
Italian	100
Portuguese	25
Romanian	0
Spanish	565
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	90
Korean	40
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75
Chinese languages	75
Hakka	0
Mandarin	45
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	80
Estonian	0
Finnish	20
Hungarian	55
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	11,270
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	415
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	410
First Nations (North American Indian)	260
Métis	145
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0
Non-Indigenous identity	10,855
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	11,270
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	11,160
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	5,120
Owner	4,170
Renter	945
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	5,120
Condominium	185
Not condominium	4,935
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	5,120
No bedrooms	65
1 bedroom	670
2 bedrooms	1,635
3 bedrooms	1,735
4 or more bedrooms	1,010
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	5,120
1 to 4 rooms	1,440
5 rooms	805
6 rooms	925
7 rooms	630
8 or more rooms	1,320
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	5,120
One person or fewer per room	5,015
More than one person per room	105
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	5,120
Suitable	4,865
Not suitable	255
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	5,120
1960 or before	545
1961 to 1980	1,495
1981 to 1990	1,065
1991 to 2000	995
2001 to 2005	325
2006 to 2010	255
2011 to 2015	195
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	240
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	5,120
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	4,690
Major repairs needed	430
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	5,120
One-maintainer household	2,470
Two-maintainer household	2,355
Three-or-more-maintainer household	300
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	5,120
15 to 24 years	25
25 to 34 years	255
35 to 44 years	510
45 to 54 years	765
55 to 64 years	1,185
65 to 74 years	1,455
75 to 84 years	700
85 years and over	225
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	5,005
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,765
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,235
30% to less than 100%	1,055
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	5,120
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,695
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,060
Not suitable only	165
Major repairs needed only	255
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	130
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10
Acceptable housing	3,425
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	4,825
In core need	285
Not in core need	4,540
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,080
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	45.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.0
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	952,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	950
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	45.0
% in core housing need⁶³	16.5
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,126
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	11,270
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	75
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	75
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	60
Métis single ancestry	20
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	435
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	420
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	340
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	10,765
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	11,275
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	10,700
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,600
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	9,100
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	570
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	11,275
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	8,735
Immigrants⁸¹	2,465
Before 1980	1,170
1980 to 1990	410
1991 to 2000	255
2001 to 2010	305
2011 to 2021⁸²	325
2011 to 2015	165
2016 to 2021	165
Non-permanent residents⁸³	70
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,465
Under 5 years	285
5 to 14 years	455
15 to 24 years	490
25 to 44 years	900
45 years and over	340
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,465
Americas	695
Brazil	10
Colombia	0
El Salvador	10
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	15
Mexico	25
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	610
Other places of birth in Americas	25
Europe	1,325
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	0
France	45
Germany	150
Greece	0
Hungary	20
Italy	0
Netherlands	60
Poland	15
Portugal	0
Romania	10
Russian Federation	15
Serbia⁸⁶	15
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	835
Other places of birth in Europe	145
Africa	120
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	10
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	85
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	265
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	30
Korea, South⁹²	25
Taiwan	15
Philippines	40
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
India	30
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	105
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	165
Americas	80
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	70
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	45
France	10
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	0
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	25
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	10
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	10
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	11,270
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,850
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,485
Third generation or more¹⁰²	5,940
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,295
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	675
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	355
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	325
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	565
Refugees¹⁰⁸	45
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,295
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	255
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	95
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	860
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	11,270
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	665
South Asian	85
Chinese	115
Black	75
Filipino	75
Arab	15
Latin American	65
Southeast Asian	55
West Asian	0
Korean	35
Japanese	100
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0
Multiple visible minorities	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	10,610
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	11,275
Canadian	1,235
English	4,205
Irish	2,490
Scottish	2,925
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,005
German	1,840
Chinese	130
Italian	420
Indian (India)	70
Ukrainian	390
Dutch	515
Polish	455
Québécois	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	985
Filipino	95
French Canadian	150
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	155
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	180
Métis	110
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	260
Russian	235
Norwegian	380
Welsh	485
Portuguese	45
American	275
Spanish	140
Swedish	390
Hungarian	225
Acadian	35
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15
Jewish	200
Punjabi	0
Vietnamese	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10
Greek	35
Jamaican	25
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40
Korean	40
Romanian	105
Lebanese	10
Iranian	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	35
Danish	230
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	35
Sikh	0
Austrian	95
Belgian	60
Haitian	0
Hindu	0
Mexican	55
Mennonite	45
Swiss	165
Finnish	145
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	75
Japanese	120
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	110
Muslim	0
Egyptian	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	0
Icelandic	70
Colombian	10
Moroccan	0
Czech	70
Syrian	0
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0
Serbian	35
Ojibway	0
Newfoundlander	10
Hong Konger	15
Ontarian	15
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15
Turkish	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	15
Nigerian	0
Armenian	40
Slovak	40
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	40
South African	75
Australian	40
Palestinian	20
Chilean	35
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	0
Ethiopian	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	25
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	20
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	35
Mohawk	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10
Bulgarian	10
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	30
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	30
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40
British Columbian	30
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	20
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0
Coptic	0
Thai	10
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	30
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	10
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	10
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	11,270
Buddhist	240
Christian	3,040
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	480
Anabaptist	10
Anglican	765
Baptist	100
Catholic	755
Christian Orthodox	25
Jehovah's Witness	25
Latter Day Saints	25
Lutheran	130
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	30
Presbyterian	70
Reformed	0
United Church	455
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	170
Hindu	10
Jewish	135
Muslim	15
Sikh	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	245
No religion and secular perspectives	7,575
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	11,210
Non-movers	9,925
Movers	1,285
Non-migrants	525
Migrants	765
Internal migrants	680
Intraprovincial migrants	505
Interprovincial migrants	180
External migrants	80
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	10,900
Non-movers	6,210
Movers	4,695
Non-migrants	1,535
Migrants	3,155
Internal migrants	2,855
Intraprovincial migrants	2,150
Interprovincial migrants	705
External migrants	300
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,920
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	905
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,010
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,375
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	280
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,095
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,920
No certificate, diploma or degree	765
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,565
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,855
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	810
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	340
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	470
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,820
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	225
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,710
Bachelor's degree	1,990
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90
Master's degree	1,065
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	325
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,375
No certificate, diploma or degree	220
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,440
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,715
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,745
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	480
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	195
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	280
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,130
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,975
Bachelor's degree	1,160
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	105
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55
Master's degree	535
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	125
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,915
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,350
Education	560
13. Education	560
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	590
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30
50. Visual and performing arts	560
Humanities	550
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55
23. English language and literature/letters	200
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	35
54. History	55
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	925
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	95
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	75
22. Legal professions and studies	120
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30
42. Psychology	210
45. Social sciences	370
Business, management and public administration	815
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	90
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	720
Physical and life sciences and technologies	335
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	170
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	115
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	215
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	165
25. Library science	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,000
04. Architecture and related services	90
14. Engineering	215
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	160
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	340
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	110
48. Precision production	85
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	275
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	150
03. Natural resources and conservation	130
Health and related fields	955
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	120
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	820
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	340
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	125
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	5,380
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,655
Education	235
13. Education	235
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	400
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25
50. Visual and performing arts	375
Humanities	295
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25
23. English language and literature/letters	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	10
54. History	35
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	485
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	50
22. Legal professions and studies	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25
42. Psychology	85
45. Social sciences	205
Business, management and public administration	445
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	155
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	560
04. Architecture and related services	35
14. Engineering	100
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	65
48. Precision production	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	205
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	105
03. Natural resources and conservation	100
Health and related fields	565
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	470
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	225
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	120
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	70
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	5,380
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,655
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,720
Location of study inside Canada	3,070
Same as province or territory of residence	1,990
Different than province or territory of residence	1,085
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	645
Americas	275
United States of America	240
Mexico	15
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10
Europe	235
Belgium	0
France	15
Germany	40
Netherlands	15
Switzerland	10
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	10
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10
Africa	25
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	75
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	10
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	20
Korea, South⁹²	0
Philippines	0
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	10
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10
Oceania	40
Australia	35
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	9,920
In the labour force	5,565
Employed	5,260
Unemployed	305
Not in the labour force	4,355
Participation rate	56.1
Employment rate	53.0
Unemployment rate	5.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	9,915
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,150
Worked	5,765
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	2,245
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,520
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	5,565
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	60
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	5,505
Employee	3,315
Permanent position	2,625
Temporary position	695
Fixed term (1 year or more)	180
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	515
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,190
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	5,565
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	60
All occupations¹⁹¹	5,505
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	725
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	485
3 Health occupations	315
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	620
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	475
6 Sales and service occupations	1,180
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,040
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	380
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	145
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	5,565
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	60
All industries¹⁹¹	5,505
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	320
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15
22 Utilities	20
23 Construction	655
31-33 Manufacturing	175
41 Wholesale trade	50
44-45 Retail trade	605
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	270
51 Information and cultural industries	105
52 Finance and insurance	95
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	115
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	390
61 Educational services	445
62 Health care and social assistance	595
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	235
72 Accommodation and food services	355
81 Other services (except public administration)	200
91 Public administration	185
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	6,270
English	6,165
French	10
Non-official language	0
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	0
English and French	45
English and non-official language(s)	45
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	6,270
Single responses	6,260
Official languages	6,245
English	6,220
French	30
Non-official languages	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	15
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	15
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	6,270
None	6,200
English	25
French	25
Non-official language	20
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	20
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	5,260
Worked at home	1,790
Worked outside Canada	15
No fixed workplace address	925
Usual place of work	2,540
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	2,540
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,320
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	90
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	115
Commute to a different province or territory	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,460
Car, truck or van	2,900
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,620
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	280
Public transit	100
Walked	305
Bicycle	70
Other method	90
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,460
Less than 15 minutes	2,110
15 to 29 minutes	1,000
30 to 44 minutes	200
45 to 59 minutes	45
60 minutes and over	110
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,460
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	155
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	255
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	830
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,075
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	905
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	240
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,660
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	150
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,510
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,295
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	115
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	95
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,180

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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