Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Esquimalt, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,533
Population, 2016¹	17,655
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.7
Total private dwellings²	8,995
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,565
Population density per square kilometre	2,476.7
Land area in square kilometres	7.08
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,530
0 to 14 years	2,135
0 to 4 years	735
5 to 9 years	765
10 to 14 years	635
15 to 64 years	11,765
15 to 19 years	640
20 to 24 years	865
25 to 29 years	1,310
30 to 34 years	1,480
35 to 39 years	1,430
40 to 44 years	1,315
45 to 49 years	1,015
50 to 54 years	1,095
55 to 59 years	1,335
60 to 64 years	1,290
65 years and over	3,625
65 to 69 years	1,225
70 to 74 years	1,005
75 to 79 years	615
80 to 84 years	390
85 years and over	390
85 to 89 years	220
90 to 94 years	135
95 to 99 years	30
100 years and over	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.2
15 to 64 years	67.1
65 years and over	20.7
85 years and over	2.2
Average age of the population	44.1
Median age of the population	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,565
Single-detached house	1,990
Semi-detached house	680
Row house	420
Apartment or flat in a duplex	900
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,970
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	590
Other single-attached house	15
Movable dwelling⁴	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,565
1 person	3,325
2 persons	3,200
3 persons	1,040
4 persons	690
5 or more persons	310
Number of persons in private households	17,290
Average household size	2.0
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,395
Married or living common-law	8,055
Married	5,695
Living common-law	2,355
Living common law - Never married	1,765
Living common law - Separated	85
Living common law - Divorced	460
Living common law - Widowed	50
Not married and not living common-law	7,345
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,650
Not married and not living common law - Separated	480
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,495
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	715
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,690
2 persons	3,000
3 persons	870
4 persons	650
5 or more persons	170
Average size of census families	2.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,690
Total couple families	3,945
Married couples	2,765
With children⁶	1,190
Without children	1,575
Common-law couples	1,175
With children⁶	295
Without children	880
Total one-parent families	750
in which the parent is a woman+	565
in which the parent is a man+	180
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,290
Total - Persons in census families	12,100
Married spouses or common-law partners	7,890
Parents in one-parent families	745
Children⁶	3,465
In a two-parent family	2,475
In a one-parent family	995
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,190
Living alone	3,320
Living with other relatives⁷	395
Living with non-relatives only	1,475
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,565
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,165
Couple-family households	3,555
With children⁶	1,315
Without children	2,240
One-parent-family households	610
Multigenerational households⁸	100
Multiple-census-family households⁹	45
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	300
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	635
One-person households	3,320
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,815
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,815
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,385
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,835
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,405
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,260
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,645
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,810
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,810
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,400
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,835
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,365
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,250
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,740
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,665
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,155
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,375
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,310
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,155
Without total income	340
With total income	14,810
Under $10,000 (including loss)	910
$10,000 to $19,999	1,415
$20,000 to $29,999	2,110
$30,000 to $39,999	2,115
$40,000 to $49,999	1,800
$50,000 to $59,999	1,530
$60,000 to $69,999	1,265
$70,000 to $79,999	1,060
$80,000 to $89,999	820
$90,000 to $99,999	620
$100,000 and over	1,175
$100,000 to $149,999	910
$150,000 and over	270
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,155
Without after-tax income	340
With after-tax income	14,810
Under $10,000 (including loss)	940
$10,000 to $19,999	1,495
$20,000 to $29,999	2,420
$30,000 to $39,999	2,465
$40,000 to $49,999	2,090
$50,000 to $59,999	1,660
$60,000 to $69,999	1,340
$70,000 to $79,999	980
$80,000 to $89,999	580
$90,000 to $99,999	330
$100,000 and over	520
$100,000 to $124,999	305
$125,000 and over	210
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,155
Without employment income	4,315
With employment income	10,835
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,220
$5,000 to $9,999	815
$10,000 to $19,999	1,110
$20,000 to $29,999	980
$30,000 to $39,999	1,050
$40,000 to $49,999	1,075
$50,000 to $59,999	945
$60,000 to $69,999	910
$70,000 to $79,999	735
$80,000 to $89,999	690
$90,000 to $99,999	495
$100,000 and over	815
$100,000 to $124,999	500
$125,000 and over	315
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,555
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,575
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,345
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,355
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,880
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	925
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,520
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,550
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,350
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,365
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,745
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	880
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,155
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,330
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,105
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2
Employment income (%)	73.2
Government transfers (%)	11.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,565
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,320
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,245
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,565
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,320
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,150
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,240
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,700
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,700
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,565
Under $5,000	80
$5,000 to $9,999	40
$10,000 to $14,999	65
$15,000 to $19,999	210
$20,000 to $24,999	365
$25,000 to $29,999	285
$30,000 to $34,999	290
$35,000 to $39,999	380
$40,000 to $44,999	335
$45,000 to $49,999	385
$50,000 to $59,999	725
$60,000 to $69,999	700
$70,000 to $79,999	675
$80,000 to $89,999	585
$90,000 to $99,999	570
$100,000 and over	2,875
$100,000 to $124,999	1,005
$125,000 to $149,999	620
$150,000 to $199,999	785
$200,000 and over	460
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,565
Under $5,000	75
$5,000 to $9,999	40
$10,000 to $14,999	65
$15,000 to $19,999	225
$20,000 to $24,999	380
$25,000 to $29,999	340
$30,000 to $34,999	375
$35,000 to $39,999	440
$40,000 to $44,999	420
$45,000 to $49,999	440
$50,000 to $59,999	845
$60,000 to $69,999	820
$70,000 to $79,999	700
$80,000 to $89,999	635
$90,000 to $99,999	525
$100,000 and over	2,225
$100,000 to $124,999	910
$125,000 to $149,999	595
$150,000 and over	715
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,730
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000
Average family size of economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,345
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,485
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	725
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,800
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,715
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,100
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,340
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,495
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,300
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	725
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,200
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,805
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,290
0 to 17 years	2,530
0 to 5 years	920
18 to 64 years	11,285
65 years and over	3,475
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,650
0 to 17 years	230
0 to 5 years	80
18 to 64 years	945
65 years and over	475
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	9.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4
65 years and over (%)	13.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,290
0 to 17 years	2,535
0 to 5 years	915
18 to 64 years	11,280
65 years and over	3,470
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	795
0 to 17 years	100
0 to 5 years	30
18 to 64 years	620
65 years and over	75
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5
65 years and over (%)	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,290
In bottom half of the distribution	8,495
In bottom decile	1,740
In second decile	1,540
In third decile	1,655
In fourth decile	1,690
In fifth decile	1,880
In top half of the distribution	8,795
In sixth decile	1,930
In seventh decile	1,960
In eighth decile	1,775
In ninth decile	1,820
In top decile	1,310
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,290
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.288
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.390
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.259
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,365
English only	14,940
French only	10
English and French	2,315
Neither English nor French	100
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,365
English	16,645
French	560
English and French	70
Neither English nor French	95
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,365
Single responses	16,865
Official languages	15,005
English	14,460
French	545
Non-official languages	1,865
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	5
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,850
Afro-Asiatic languages	110
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	10
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	100
Amharic	5
Arabic	75
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	75
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	270
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	20
Kannada	0
Malayalam	15
Tamil	5
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	950
Albanian	20
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	200
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	195
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	60
Russian	65
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	25
Bosnian	0
Croatian	10
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	230
Frisian	0
High German languages	140
German	130
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	30
Danish	20
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	5
Indo-Iranian languages	135
Indo-Aryan languages	120
Assamese	0
Bengali	10
Gujarati	5
Hindi	25
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	355
Catalan	0
Italian	40
Portuguese	85
Romanian	10
Spanish	215
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	60
Korean	50
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	30
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200
Chinese languages	180
Hakka	0
Mandarin	80
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	90
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	5
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	25
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	505
English and French	180
English and non-official language(s)	275
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	30
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,365
English	14,845
French	175
Non-official language	350
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	350
English and French	495
English and non-official language(s)	1,370
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	70
Multiple non-official languages	55
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,365
Single responses	16,990
Official languages	16,190
English	15,945
French	250
Non-official languages	795
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	795
Afro-Asiatic languages	65
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	60
Amharic	0
Arabic	50
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	145
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	5
Kannada	0
Malayalam	5
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	325
Albanian	10
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	70
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	70
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	20
Russian	40
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	20
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	65
Indo-Aryan languages	60
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	0
Hindi	10
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	155
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	40
Romanian	5
Spanish	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	15
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	10
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105
Chinese languages	95
Hakka	0
Mandarin	50
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	380
English and French	95
English and non-official language(s)	265
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,365
None	15,705
English	405
French	345
Non-official language	745
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	735
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	55
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	70
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,290
Official languages	17,190
English	17,180
French	2,325
Non-official languages	2,950
Indigenous languages³⁹	50
Algonquian languages	10
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	10
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	185
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	175
Amharic	35
Arabic	105
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	40
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170
Khmer (Cambodian)	50
Vietnamese	120
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	330
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	15
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	40
Kannada	10
Malayalam	0
Tamil	30
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,595
Albanian	35
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	160
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	160
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	45
Russian	45
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	40
Bosnian	0
Croatian	15
Serbian	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	385
Frisian	0
High German languages	285
German	275
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	55
Danish	20
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	10
Swedish	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	55
Indo-Iranian languages	170
Indo-Aryan languages	170
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	85
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	885
Catalan	0
Italian	115
Portuguese	145
Romanian	10
Spanish	715
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	150
Korean	55
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	105
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25
Lingala	20
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	50
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	30
American Sign Language	30
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	295
Chinese languages	230
Hakka	0
Mandarin	180
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	105
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	55
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	55
Lao	0
Thai	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	20
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	20
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	35
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,290
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	970
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	930
First Nations (North American Indian)	595
Métis	330
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15
Non-Indigenous identity	16,320
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,290
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	430
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	16,860
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,565
Owner	4,185
Renter	4,380
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,565
Condominium	1,705
Not condominium	6,855
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,565
No bedrooms	135
1 bedroom	2,200
2 bedrooms	3,165
3 bedrooms	1,960
4 or more bedrooms	1,105
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,565
1 to 4 rooms	4,150
5 rooms	1,400
6 rooms	985
7 rooms	705
8 or more rooms	1,320
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.1
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,565
One person or fewer per room	8,480
More than one person per room	85
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,565
Suitable	8,140
Not suitable	425
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,565
1960 or before	2,525
1961 to 1980	3,500
1981 to 1990	680
1991 to 2000	765
2001 to 2005	325
2006 to 2010	305
2011 to 2015	205
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	255
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,565
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,895
Major repairs needed	670
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,565
One-maintainer household	4,745
Two-maintainer household	3,465
Three-or-more-maintainer household	360
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,565
15 to 24 years	315
25 to 34 years	1,355
35 to 44 years	1,555
45 to 54 years	1,290
55 to 64 years	1,655
65 to 74 years	1,455
75 to 84 years	670
85 years and over	270
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,545
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,145
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,400
30% to less than 100%	2,185
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,565
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,165
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,125
Not suitable only	315
Major repairs needed only	400
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	215
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	5,395
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,335
In core need	1,515
Not in core need	6,820
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,185
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.5
% in core housing need⁶³	7.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,586
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	776,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,380
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.4
% in core housing need⁶³	28.5
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,312
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,290
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	340
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	335
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	305
Métis single ancestry	25
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	785
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	745
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	565
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	180
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	16,165
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,290
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,190
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,390
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,800
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,100
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,290
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	14,355
Immigrants⁸¹	2,640
Before 1980	750
1980 to 1990	330
1991 to 2000	310
2001 to 2010	525
2011 to 2021⁸²	725
2011 to 2015	280
2016 to 2021	445
Non-permanent residents⁸³	285
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,645
Under 5 years	370
5 to 14 years	540
15 to 24 years	420
25 to 44 years	1,090
45 years and over	225
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,645
Americas	405
Brazil	35
Colombia	35
El Salvador	10
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Mexico	35
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10
United States of America	215
Other places of birth in Americas	40
Europe	995
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	25
France	50
Germany	85
Greece	25
Hungary	15
Italy	35
Netherlands	15
Poland	40
Portugal	0
Romania	15
Russian Federation	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	525
Other places of birth in Europe	125
Africa	220
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20
Egypt	0
Eritrea	30
Ethiopia	30
Morocco	0
Nigeria	15
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	50
Other places of birth in Africa	75
Asia	950
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	50
Turkey	15
China⁹⁰	115
Hong Kong⁹¹	15
Korea, South⁹²	30
Taiwan	15
Philippines	270
Viet Nam	60
Bangladesh	10
India	145
Pakistan	25
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	195
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	445
Americas	50
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	70
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20
Other places of birth in Europe	45
Africa	85
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	20
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	15
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30
Asia	225
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	30
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	25
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	60
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	50
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	10
Other places of birth in Asia	15
Oceania and other⁹³	20
Australia	20
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,290
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,160
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,455
Third generation or more¹⁰²	10,670
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,890
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	860
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	390
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	465
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	675
Refugees¹⁰⁸	335
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,890
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	340
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	90
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,275
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,290
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,365
South Asian	305
Chinese	300
Black	405
Filipino	390
Arab	95
Latin American	215
Southeast Asian	245
West Asian	10
Korean	50
Japanese	155
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	80
Multiple visible minorities	110
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	14,925
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,290
Canadian	1,815
English	5,890
Irish	3,510
Scottish	4,445
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,700
German	2,305
Chinese	395
Italian	540
Indian (India)	235
Ukrainian	885
Dutch	655
Polish	535
Québécois	55
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,070
Filipino	405
French Canadian	280
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	310
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	390
Métis	250
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	450
Russian	345
Norwegian	590
Welsh	780
Portuguese	130
American	290
Spanish	200
Swedish	390
Hungarian	240
Acadian	75
Pakistani	15
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60
Jewish	175
Punjabi	0
Vietnamese	160
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60
Greek	85
Jamaican	25
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115
Korean	55
Romanian	125
Lebanese	45
Iranian	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	50
Danish	270
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	115
Sikh	0
Austrian	215
Belgian	90
Haitian	0
Hindu	20
Mexican	60
Mennonite	45
Swiss	110
Finnish	130
Sri Lankan	10
Croatian	140
Japanese	165
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	140
Muslim	10
Egyptian	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	30
Tamil	0
Icelandic	215
Colombian	45
Moroccan	0
Czech	65
Syrian	60
Guyanese	15
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60
Serbian	35
Ojibway	45
Newfoundlander	30
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	40
Persian	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10
Turkish	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	85
Nigerian	25
Armenian	10
Slovak	15
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60
Somali	0
Taiwanese	15
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	10
African Caribbean	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	30
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15
Lithuanian	25
South African	30
Australian	100
Palestinian	10
Chilean	10
Congolese	45
Nova Scotian	25
Ethiopian	40
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25
Peruvian	15
Yoruba	30
Cambodian (Khmer)	50
Berber	0
Albanian	40
Maltese	15
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25
New Brunswicker	20
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	20
Israeli	30
Mohawk	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40
Bulgarian	20
Albertan	10
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10
Tunisian	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20
Cuban	0
Bosnian	10
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	55
Bengali	15
Cameroonian	20
Guatemalan	15
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	30
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65
British Columbian	50
Ecuadorian	10
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	25
Estonian	25
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30
Coptic	0
Thai	35
Dominican	35
Nepali	15
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	15
Byelorussian	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	20
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20
Malaysian	25
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	15
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	10
Cape Bretoner	10
Rwandan	25
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	25
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	20
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	50
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	10
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	25
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	10
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,290
Buddhist	265
Christian	5,540
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,085
Anabaptist	15
Anglican	820
Baptist	140
Catholic	1,735
Christian Orthodox	70
Jehovah's Witness	55
Latter Day Saints	40
Lutheran	120
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	235
Presbyterian	120
Reformed	10
United Church	590
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	475
Hindu	60
Jewish	120
Muslim	150
Sikh	50
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	35
Other religions and spiritual traditions	370
No religion and secular perspectives	10,705
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,155
Non-movers	14,345
Movers	2,815
Non-migrants	1,850
Migrants	965
Internal migrants	845
Intraprovincial migrants	490
Interprovincial migrants	355
External migrants	125
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,575
Non-movers	8,775
Movers	7,800
Non-migrants	1,695
Migrants	6,105
Internal migrants	5,550
Intraprovincial migrants	4,015
Interprovincial migrants	1,530
External migrants	550
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,155
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,090
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,060
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,165
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,095
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,070
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,150
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,810
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,525
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,820
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,535
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,135
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	465
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	670
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	445
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,285
Bachelor's degree	2,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	220
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35
Master's degree	1,120
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	160
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,170
No certificate, diploma or degree	920
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,725
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,525
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,245
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	810
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	325
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	485
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,125
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	310
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,275
Bachelor's degree	2,135
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	145
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30
Master's degree	845
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,335
Education	550
13. Education	550
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	405
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30
50. Visual and performing arts	370
Humanities	570
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50
23. English language and literature/letters	130
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	125
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	45
54. History	120
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,340
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	190
22. Legal professions and studies	210
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50
42. Psychology	200
45. Social sciences	485
Business, management and public administration	1,475
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,270
Physical and life sciences and technologies	455
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	200
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	130
41. Science technologies/technicians	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	300
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	205
25. Library science	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,560
04. Architecture and related services	80
14. Engineering	290
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	415
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	205
48. Precision production	170
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	200
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85
03. Natural resources and conservation	110
Health and related fields	1,395
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,265
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	570
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20
43. Security and protective services	100
49. Transportation and materials moving	115
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,640
Education	325
13. Education	325
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10
50. Visual and performing arts	295
Humanities	340
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40
23. English language and literature/letters	85
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	15
54. History	75
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,110
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	165
22. Legal professions and studies	190
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35
42. Psychology	140
45. Social sciences	410
Business, management and public administration	1,105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	965
Physical and life sciences and technologies	365
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	105
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	205
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	160
25. Library science	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,160
04. Architecture and related services	60
14. Engineering	240
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	300
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	325
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	130
48. Precision production	100
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	140
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	70
03. Natural resources and conservation	70
Health and related fields	1,005
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	895
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	465
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	85
49. Transportation and materials moving	90
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,640
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,520
Location of study inside Canada	5,645
Same as province or territory of residence	3,875
Different than province or territory of residence	1,775
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	875
Americas	235
United States of America	150
Mexico	10
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	40
Colombia	20
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10
Europe	235
Belgium	0
France	15
Germany	25
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	10
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	25
Africa	50
Nigeria	10
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	40
Asia	290
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	30
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	30
Korea, South⁹²	10
Philippines	120
Viet Nam	15
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	30
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	25
Oceania	70
Australia	65
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,150
In the labour force	9,980
Employed	9,190
Unemployed	790
Not in the labour force	5,170
Participation rate	65.9
Employment rate	60.7
Unemployment rate	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,155
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,015
Worked	10,135
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,490
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,645
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,980
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	180
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,800
Employee	8,450
Permanent position	7,165
Temporary position	1,285
Fixed term (1 year or more)	550
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	740
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,355
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,980
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	180
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,800
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	105
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,670
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	765
3 Health occupations	780
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,645
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	345
6 Sales and service occupations	2,590
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,525
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	155
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	210
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,980
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	180
All industries¹⁹¹	9,800
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	75
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10
22 Utilities	15
23 Construction	645
31-33 Manufacturing	415
41 Wholesale trade	120
44-45 Retail trade	1,030
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	315
51 Information and cultural industries	125
52 Finance and insurance	180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	245
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	755
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	495
61 Educational services	575
62 Health care and social assistance	1,345
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	210
72 Accommodation and food services	765
81 Other services (except public administration)	435
91 Public administration	2,045
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,695
English	10,270
French	30
Non-official language	35
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	35
English and French	225
English and non-official language(s)	130
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,695
Single responses	10,665
Official languages	10,605
English	10,555
French	45
Non-official languages	60
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	10
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	35
English and French	20
English and non-official language(s)	15
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,695
None	10,370
English	45
French	180
Non-official language	80
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	80
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,195
Worked at home	1,990
Worked outside Canada	25
No fixed workplace address	1,410
Usual place of work	5,770
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,770
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,510
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,140
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	85
Commute to a different province or territory	30
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,180
Car, truck or van	4,710
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,340
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	365
Public transit	880
Walked	785
Bicycle	535
Other method	265
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,180
Less than 15 minutes	2,570
15 to 29 minutes	3,235
30 to 44 minutes	915
45 to 59 minutes	240
60 minutes and over	220
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,180
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	350
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,170
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,135
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,465
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,120
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	935
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,575
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	340
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,235
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,770
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	240
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	190
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,530

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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