Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Colwood, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	18,961	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	16,859	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	12.5	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	7,688	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,428	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,073.6	...	...	1,073.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	17.66	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	18,960	9,350	9,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,150	1,610	1,535	16.6	17.2	16.0
0 to 4 years	985	490	490	5.2	5.2	5.1
5 to 9 years	1,095	565	535	5.8	6.0	5.6
10 to 14 years	1,065	560	505	5.6	6.0	5.3
15 to 64 years	12,155	6,050	6,105	64.1	64.7	63.5
15 to 19 years	995	530	465	5.2	5.7	4.8
20 to 24 years	870	430	440	4.6	4.6	4.6
25 to 29 years	1,020	530	495	5.4	5.7	5.1
30 to 34 years	1,320	650	675	7.0	7.0	7.0
35 to 39 years	1,435	695	735	7.6	7.4	7.6
40 to 44 years	1,375	705	665	7.3	7.5	6.9
45 to 49 years	1,175	585	590	6.2	6.3	6.1
50 to 54 years	1,240	620	625	6.5	6.6	6.5
55 to 59 years	1,365	660	710	7.2	7.1	7.4
60 to 64 years	1,355	655	700	7.1	7.0	7.3
65 years and over	3,655	1,685	1,975	19.3	18.0	20.5
65 to 69 years	1,185	555	625	6.3	5.9	6.5
70 to 74 years	990	465	525	5.2	5.0	5.5
75 to 79 years	700	350	350	3.7	3.7	3.6
80 to 84 years	420	180	240	2.2	1.9	2.5
85 years and over	365	140	230	1.9	1.5	2.4
85 to 89 years	230	95	135	1.2	1.0	1.4
90 to 94 years	105	35	70	0.6	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	20	5	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.2	16.0	16.6	17.2	16.0
15 to 64 years	64.1	64.7	63.5	64.1	64.7	63.5
65 years and over	19.3	18.0	20.5	19.3	18.0	20.5
85 years and over	1.9	1.5	2.4	1.9	1.5	2.4
Average age of the population	42.3	41.4	43.1	42.3	41.4	43.1
Median age of the population	42.4	41.6	43.2	42.4	41.6	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	3,655	...	...	49.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	845	...	...	11.4	...	...
Row house	670	...	...	9.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,375	...	...	18.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	680	...	...	9.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	185	...	...	2.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,620	...	...	21.8	...	...
2 persons	2,790	...	...	37.6	...	...
3 persons	1,310	...	...	17.6	...	...
4 persons	1,155	...	...	15.6	...	...
5 or more persons	560	...	...	7.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	18,790	9,280	9,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,815	7,735	8,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	9,980	4,990	4,990	63.1	64.5	61.8
Married	8,170	4,080	4,085	51.7	52.7	50.6
Living common-law	1,815	910	905	11.5	11.8	11.2
Living common law - Never married	1,220	620	605	7.7	8.0	7.5
Living common law - Separated	100	55	45	0.6	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	450	215	230	2.8	2.8	2.8
Living common law - Widowed	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	5,830	2,745	3,090	36.9	35.5	38.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,620	1,990	1,630	22.9	25.7	20.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	435	210	225	2.8	2.7	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,000	360	645	6.3	4.7	8.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	775	185	590	4.9	2.4	7.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,080	...	...	53.9	...	...
3 persons	1,250	...	...	21.9	...	...
4 persons	1,095	...	...	19.2	...	...
5 or more persons	295	...	...	5.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,930	...	...	86.2	...	...
Married couples	4,020	...	...	70.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,965	...	...	34.4	...	...
Without children	2,055	...	...	35.9	...	...
Common-law couples	905	...	...	15.8	...	...
With children⁶	355	...	...	6.2	...	...
Without children	555	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	785	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	565	...	...	9.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	220	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	18,790	9,280	9,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	15,820	7,905	7,920	84.2	85.2	83.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,855	4,925	4,930	52.4	53.1	51.8
Parents in one-parent families	790	220	570	4.2	2.4	6.0
Children⁶	5,180	2,755	2,420	27.6	29.7	25.4
In a two-parent family	3,995	2,100	1,895	21.3	22.6	19.9
In a one-parent family	1,185	660	525	6.3	7.1	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,970	1,375	1,595	15.8	14.8	16.8
Living alone	1,620	675	940	8.6	7.3	9.9
Living with other relatives⁷	390	155	230	2.1	1.7	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	965	540	420	5.1	5.8	4.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,790	...	...	64.5	...	...
Couple-family households	4,205	...	...	56.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,995	...	...	26.9	...	...
Without children	2,210	...	...	29.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	590	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	220	...	...	3.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	...	...	1.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	390	...	...	5.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	300	...	...	4.0	...	...
One-person households	1,620	...	...	21.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,645	7,665	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,215	7,450	7,765	97.3	97.2	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	58,400	41,600	48,800	58,400	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,225	7,460	7,770	97.3	97.3	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	51,200	38,000	44,000	51,200	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,150	7,020	7,120	90.4	91.6	89.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	54,800	33,600	43,600	54,800	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,180	5,740	5,440	71.5	74.9	68.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	56,800	38,400	47,200	56,800	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,105	5,465	6,640	77.4	71.3	83.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	8,200	10,300	9,300	8,200	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,100	475	620	7.0	6.2	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,280	6,000	5,520	5,280	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,220	1,450	1,770	20.6	18.9	22.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,645	7,665	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,190	7,460	7,730	97.1	97.3	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,300	63,600	47,280	55,300	63,600	47,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,195	7,465	7,730	97.1	97.4	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,320	53,550	41,360	47,320	53,550	41,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,210	7,060	7,145	90.8	92.1	89.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,160	59,650	40,840	50,160	59,650	40,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,185	5,755	5,430	71.5	75.1	68.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,680	59,250	41,640	50,680	59,250	41,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,080	5,505	6,575	77.2	71.8	82.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,490	9,670	11,180	10,490	9,670	11,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,140	465	665	7.3	6.1	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,080	6,160	7,700	7,080	6,160	7,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,125	1,475	1,650	20.0	19.2	20.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,660	8,720	8,610	8,660	8,720	8,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,645	7,670	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,905	3,405	2,500	37.7	44.4	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	74,000	59,200	68,500	74,000	59,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,800	78,300	62,800	71,800	78,300	62,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,960	1,765	2,200	25.3	23.0	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	22,800	19,400	21,000	22,800	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,520	35,200	24,960	29,520	35,200	24,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0	88.8	79.8	85.0	88.8	79.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.6	71.8	61.9	67.6	71.8	61.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.1	11.2	20.1	15.1	11.2	20.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.4	1.0	0.6	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	3.3	5.2	4.1	3.3	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2	2.7	3.9	3.2	2.7	3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,650	7,665	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	430	215	215	2.7	2.8	2.7
With total income	15,220	7,455	7,765	97.3	97.3	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,090	450	635	7.2	6.0	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,440	535	905	9.5	7.2	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	1,835	730	1,105	12.1	9.8	14.2
$30,000 to $39,999	1,710	675	1,035	11.2	9.1	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	1,710	725	985	11.2	9.7	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	1,585	710	880	10.4	9.5	11.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,400	760	640	9.2	10.2	8.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,150	660	490	7.6	8.9	6.3
$80,000 to $89,999	990	625	365	6.5	8.4	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	715	475	240	4.7	6.4	3.1
$100,000 and over	1,595	1,115	485	10.5	15.0	6.2
$100,000 to $149,999	1,235	845	395	8.1	11.3	5.1
$150,000 and over	360	270	85	2.4	3.6	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,650	7,665	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	420	210	210	2.7	2.7	2.6
With after-tax income	15,225	7,455	7,770	97.3	97.3	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,145	470	680	7.5	6.3	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	1,515	565	950	10.0	7.6	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	2,105	835	1,270	13.8	11.2	16.3
$30,000 to $39,999	2,060	825	1,235	13.5	11.1	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	2,045	895	1,150	13.4	12.0	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,850	975	880	12.2	13.1	11.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,465	860	605	9.6	11.5	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,155	730	420	7.6	9.8	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	730	495	235	4.8	6.6	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	385	260	130	2.5	3.5	1.7
$100,000 and over	765	555	215	5.0	7.4	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	475	345	130	3.1	4.6	1.7
$125,000 and over	295	205	85	1.9	2.7	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,650	7,665	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	4,465	1,925	2,540	28.5	25.1	31.8
With employment income	11,180	5,740	5,440	71.4	74.9	68.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,260	570	690	11.3	9.9	12.7
$5,000 to $9,999	745	315	430	6.7	5.5	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,130	465	665	10.1	8.1	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	915	400	515	8.2	7.0	9.5
$30,000 to $39,999	885	370	515	7.9	6.4	9.5
$40,000 to $49,999	950	425	530	8.5	7.4	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	1,030	465	565	9.2	8.1	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,000	540	465	8.9	9.4	8.5
$70,000 to $79,999	805	485	320	7.2	8.4	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	765	515	250	6.8	9.0	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	565	380	180	5.1	6.6	3.3
$100,000 and over	1,130	815	320	10.1	14.2	5.9
$100,000 to $124,999	680	460	215	6.1	8.0	4.0
$125,000 and over	455	360	100	4.1	6.3	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,645	7,665	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,930	7,310	7,620	95.4	95.4	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	57,600	38,800	46,800	57,600	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,980	7,315	7,660	95.7	95.4	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,000	34,400	41,200	50,000	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,025	6,970	7,060	89.6	90.9	88.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	54,800	34,000	43,600	54,800	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,790	6,065	5,725	75.4	79.1	71.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	53,600	36,000	43,600	53,600	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,510	3,895	5,615	60.8	50.8	70.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,900	7,400	7,500	7,900	7,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	870	350	520	5.6	4.6	6.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,000	6,240	5,640	5,000	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,645	7,665	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,975	7,340	7,635	95.7	95.8	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200	62,700	44,040	53,200	62,700	44,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,025	7,340	7,685	96.0	95.8	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,000	52,500	37,840	45,000	52,500	37,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,115	7,035	7,080	90.2	91.8	88.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,360	60,400	40,360	50,360	60,400	40,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,805	6,125	5,675	75.5	79.9	71.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	56,650	39,480	48,400	56,650	39,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,380	3,865	5,515	60.0	50.4	69.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,170	9,070	9,240	9,170	9,070	9,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	870	355	510	5.6	4.6	6.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,220	6,680	9,280	8,220	6,680	9,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,645	7,670	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,870	3,375	2,490	37.5	44.0	31.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	73,500	54,000	63,600	73,500	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,900	76,200	56,750	67,900	76,200	56,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,720	1,650	2,070	23.8	21.5	25.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	28,200	24,800	26,200	28,200	24,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,240	41,760	30,040	35,240	41,760	30,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	92.4	84.8	89.2	92.4	84.8
Employment income (%)	71.6	75.4	66.6	71.6	75.4	66.6
Government transfers (%)	10.8	7.6	15.2	10.8	7.6	15.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.4	0.9	0.5	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,620	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	50,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...	96,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,350	...	...	58,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,920	...	...	49,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	65	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	145	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	130	...	...	1.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	130	...	...	1.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	180	...	...	2.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	215	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	200	...	...	2.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	465	...	...	6.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	500	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	525	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	505	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	470	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,795	...	...	51.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,090	...	...	14.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	885	...	...	11.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,060	...	...	14.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	760	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	150	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	150	...	...	2.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	165	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	210	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	255	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	270	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	580	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	595	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	605	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	595	...	...	8.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	555	...	...	7.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,120	...	...	42.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,180	...	...	15.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	790	...	...	10.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,145	...	...	15.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,580	1,220	1,365	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,600	50,000	43,200	45,600	50,000	43,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	43,600	39,600	41,200	43,600	39,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,200	...	...	126,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,900	...	...	107,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...	109,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,800	...	...	93,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,800	...	...	153,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,600	...	...	83,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,800	...	...	74,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,580	1,265	1,315	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,350	54,900	49,920	52,350	54,900	49,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,160	46,400	43,880	45,160	46,400	43,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	18,795	9,280	9,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,760	1,925	1,835	20.0	20.7	19.3
0 to 5 years	1,205	605	605	6.4	6.5	6.4
18 to 64 years	11,515	5,730	5,790	61.3	61.7	60.9
65 years and over	3,515	1,625	1,885	18.7	17.5	19.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	920	400	520	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	210	110	100	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	75	40	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	485	220	265	...	...	...
65 years and over	225	70	150	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.9	4.3	5.5	4.9	4.3	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	5.6	5.7	5.6	5.6	5.7	5.6
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2	6.6	6.0	6.2	6.6	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	3.8	4.6	4.2	3.8	4.6
65 years and over (%)	6.4	4.4	8.0	6.4	4.4	8.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	18,790	9,280	9,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,760	1,925	1,835	20.0	20.7	19.3
0 to 5 years	1,210	600	605	6.4	6.5	6.4
18 to 64 years	11,520	5,725	5,795	61.3	61.7	60.9
65 years and over	3,510	1,625	1,885	18.7	17.5	19.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	525	260	265	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	100	55	50	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	15	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	390	190	195	...	...	...
65 years and over	35	15	20	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.4	3.2	2.8	2.4	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.9	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	18,790	9,280	9,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	7,305	3,480	3,825	38.9	37.5	40.2
In bottom decile	1,035	475	560	5.5	5.1	5.9
In second decile	1,090	475	610	5.8	5.1	6.4
In third decile	1,365	670	695	7.3	7.2	7.3
In fourth decile	1,830	880	950	9.7	9.5	10.0
In fifth decile	1,990	975	1,015	10.6	10.5	10.7
In top half of the distribution	11,490	5,800	5,685	61.1	62.5	59.7
In sixth decile	2,185	1,080	1,105	11.6	11.6	11.6
In seventh decile	2,340	1,200	1,145	12.5	12.9	12.0
In eighth decile	2,510	1,280	1,235	13.4	13.8	13.0
In ninth decile	2,475	1,265	1,215	13.2	13.6	12.8
In top decile	1,980	985	1,000	10.5	10.6	10.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	18,790	...	...	18,790	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.351	...	...	0.351	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.243	...	...	0.243	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	18,930	9,335	9,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	17,275	8,530	8,745	91.3	91.4	91.2
French only	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	1,570	765	805	8.3	8.2	8.4
Neither English nor French	65	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	18,930	9,335	9,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,420	9,060	9,355	97.3	97.1	97.5
French	395	220	175	2.1	2.4	1.8
English and French	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	18,930	9,335	9,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,605	9,180	9,425	98.3	98.3	98.3
Official languages	16,860	8,390	8,470	89.1	89.9	88.3
English	16,450	8,165	8,285	86.9	87.5	86.4
French	405	225	180	2.1	2.4	1.9
Non-official languages	1,745	795	950	9.2	8.5	9.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,745	795	955	9.2	8.5	10.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	135	55	80	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	40	70	0.6	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	985	465	515	5.2	5.0	5.4
Albanian	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	195	85	110	1.0	0.9	1.1
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	190	85	105	1.0	0.9	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	250	105	140	1.3	1.1	1.5
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
High German languages	150	60	90	0.8	0.6	0.9
German	145	60	85	0.8	0.6	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	220	120	100	1.2	1.3	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	175	90	80	0.9	1.0	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hindi	50	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	290	135	155	1.5	1.4	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	155	70	85	0.8	0.7	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.4
Korean	120	45	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	265	120	140	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese languages	260	120	140	1.4	1.3	1.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	75	90	0.9	0.8	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	25	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	320	155	175	1.7	1.7	1.8
English and French	95	60	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	205	85	120	1.1	0.9	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	18,930	9,335	9,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,995	8,430	8,570	89.8	90.3	89.4
French	110	60	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Non-official language	295	145	150	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	295	145	150	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	265	135	125	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,195	535	660	6.3	5.7	6.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	18,930	9,335	9,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,660	9,210	9,450	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	17,975	8,885	9,095	95.0	95.2	94.8
English	17,800	8,790	9,010	94.0	94.2	94.0
French	180	95	80	1.0	1.0	0.8
Non-official languages	685	330	355	3.6	3.5	3.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	685	330	355	3.6	3.5	3.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	290	145	150	1.5	1.6	1.6
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	95	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	75	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindi	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	70	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	75	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	145	70	75	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	50	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	270	125	145	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	220	95	125	1.2	1.0	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	18,930	9,335	9,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	17,635	8,735	8,900	93.2	93.6	92.8
English	375	180	195	2.0	1.9	2.0
French	165	75	90	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	585	250	330	3.1	2.7	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	575	250	325	3.0	2.7	3.4
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	18,790	9,280	9,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	18,745	9,255	9,490	99.8	99.7	99.7
English	18,735	9,240	9,490	99.7	99.6	99.7
French	1,545	780	765	8.2	8.4	8.0
Non-official languages	2,345	1,115	1,235	12.5	12.0	13.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,345	1,115	1,235	12.5	12.0	13.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	50	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	105	50	50	0.6	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	80	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	50	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	50	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	230	85	135	1.2	0.9	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	55	105	0.8	0.6	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,315	660	655	7.0	7.1	6.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	165	85	80	0.9	0.9	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	165	85	80	0.9	0.9	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	90	55	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	405	190	210	2.2	2.0	2.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	295	140	155	1.6	1.5	1.6
German	285	140	150	1.5	1.5	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	195	125	65	1.0	1.3	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	150	100	45	0.8	1.1	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	115	75	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	550	250	300	2.9	2.7	3.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	130	70	70	0.7	0.8	0.7
Romanian	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Spanish	370	165	205	2.0	1.8	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	130	40	85	0.7	0.4	0.9
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	290	155	135	1.5	1.7	1.4
Chinese languages	285	155	130	1.5	1.7	1.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	225	120	110	1.2	1.3	1.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	18,790	9,280	9,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	925	445	475	4.9	4.8	5.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	890	425	465	4.7	4.6	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	430	190	240	2.3	2.0	2.5
Métis	445	230	215	2.4	2.5	2.3
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	17,870	8,830	9,040	95.1	95.2	95.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	18,790	9,280	9,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	240	100	140	1.3	1.1	1.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	18,550	9,175	9,375	98.7	98.9	98.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	5,455	...	...	73.5	...	...
Renter	1,980	...	...	26.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	845	...	...	11.4	...	...
Not condominium	6,580	...	...	88.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	625	...	...	8.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,330	...	...	17.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,005	...	...	40.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,455	...	...	33.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,405	...	...	18.9	...	...
5 rooms	1,095	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	1,255	...	...	16.9	...	...
7 rooms	1,120	...	...	15.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,560	...	...	34.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,385	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	45	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	7,215	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	215	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	725	...	...	9.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,405	...	...	32.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,255	...	...	16.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	570	...	...	7.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	410	...	...	5.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	760	...	...	10.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	360	...	...	4.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	945	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,090	...	...	95.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	340	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,070	...	...	41.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,865	...	...	52.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	495	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	160	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	875	...	...	11.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,475	...	...	19.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,270	...	...	17.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,555	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,230	...	...	16.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	665	...	...	9.0	...	...
85 years and over	210	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,015	...	...	81.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,395	...	...	18.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,255	...	...	16.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,805	...	...	24.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,260	...	...	17.0	...	...
Not suitable only	155	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	245	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,625	...	...	75.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	550	...	...	7.6	...	...
Not in core need	6,720	...	...	92.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,450	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.8	...	...	64.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.0	...	...	15.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680	...	...	1,680	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,698	...	...	1,698	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	823,000	...	...	823,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,975	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.7	...	...	15.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.1	...	...	29.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.2	...	...	17.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,514	...	...	1,514	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	18,795	9,280	9,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	235	120	110	1.3	1.3	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	230	115	110	1.2	1.2	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	130	50	85	0.7	0.5	0.9
Métis single ancestry	85	60	20	0.5	0.6	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	860	340	520	4.6	3.7	5.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	840	340	505	4.5	3.7	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	565	220	345	3.0	2.4	3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255	110	145	1.4	1.2	1.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	17,700	8,820	8,880	94.2	95.0	93.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	18,795	9,280	9,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,990	8,915	9,075	95.7	96.1	95.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,655	1,840	1,815	19.4	19.8	19.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,335	7,075	7,260	76.3	76.2	76.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	800	360	440	4.3	3.9	4.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	18,795	9,280	9,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	16,170	7,990	8,185	86.0	86.1	86.0
Immigrants⁸¹	2,380	1,155	1,220	12.7	12.4	12.8
Before 1980	935	470	465	5.0	5.1	4.9
1980 to 1990	295	165	135	1.6	1.8	1.4
1991 to 2000	285	120	170	1.5	1.3	1.8
2001 to 2010	320	185	135	1.7	2.0	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	540	215	320	2.9	2.3	3.4
2011 to 2015	235	95	140	1.3	1.0	1.5
2016 to 2021	305	120	180	1.6	1.3	1.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	240	130	115	1.3	1.4	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,375	1,155	1,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	290	145	140	12.2	12.6	11.5
5 to 14 years	445	265	180	18.7	22.9	14.8
15 to 24 years	480	225	255	20.2	19.5	20.9
25 to 44 years	1,020	450	565	42.9	39.0	46.3
45 years and over	145	70	75	6.1	6.1	6.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,375	1,155	1,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	400	175	225	16.8	15.2	18.4
Brazil	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Colombia	40	20	20	1.7	1.7	1.6
El Salvador	20	10	10	0.8	0.9	0.8
Guyana	15	10	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	10	1.1	0.9	0.8
Mexico	20	10	15	0.8	0.9	1.2
Peru	25	15	10	1.1	1.3	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.2
United States of America	200	80	115	8.4	6.9	9.4
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	15	1.5	1.7	1.2
Europe	1,040	545	495	43.8	47.2	40.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
France	25	20	10	1.1	1.7	0.8
Germany	115	55	55	4.8	4.8	4.5
Greece	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Hungary	20	10	10	0.8	0.9	0.8
Italy	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Netherlands	35	25	10	1.5	2.2	0.8
Poland	25	0	15	1.1	0.0	1.2
Portugal	60	35	30	2.5	3.0	2.5
Romania	15	10	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Russian Federation	30	10	20	1.3	0.9	1.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	15	15	1.1	1.3	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	515	280	235	21.7	24.2	19.3
Other places of birth in Europe	140	65	75	5.9	5.6	6.1
Africa	110	60	50	4.6	5.2	4.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	15	0	0.8	1.3	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	15	1.5	1.3	1.2
Other places of birth in Africa	45	20	20	1.9	1.7	1.6
Asia	780	345	435	32.8	29.9	35.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	1.1	0.9	1.2
Iraq	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	125	70	55	5.3	6.1	4.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	15	0.8	0.9	1.2
Korea, South⁹²	90	30	60	3.8	2.6	4.9
Taiwan	30	15	15	1.3	1.3	1.2
Philippines	160	50	105	6.7	4.3	8.6
Viet Nam	50	20	30	2.1	1.7	2.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	75	45	30	3.2	3.9	2.5
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	160	75	90	6.7	6.5	7.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	45	25	20	1.9	2.2	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	300	120	185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	60	25	40	20.0	20.8	21.6
Brazil	10	0	10	3.3	0.0	5.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	3.3	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	20	20	13.3	16.7	10.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	55	20	30	18.3	16.7	16.2
France	10	10	0	3.3	8.3	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	15	5.0	0.0	8.1
Other places of birth in Europe	35	15	20	11.7	12.5	10.8
Africa	25	10	10	8.3	8.3	5.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	10	5.0	8.3	5.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	3.3	0.0	0.0
Asia	160	65	100	53.3	54.2	54.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	11.7	12.5	10.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	25	15	10	8.3	12.5	5.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	3.3	0.0	5.4
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	6.7	0.0	10.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	15	10.0	12.5	8.1
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	18,790	9,280	9,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,930	1,495	1,430	15.6	16.1	15.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,505	1,700	1,805	18.7	18.3	19.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	12,360	6,080	6,280	65.8	65.5	66.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,445	685	755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	710	400	310	49.1	58.4	41.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	355	225	130	24.6	32.8	17.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	355	170	180	24.6	24.8	23.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	595	205	385	41.2	29.9	51.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120	70	50	8.3	10.2	6.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15	1.4	0.0	2.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,445	685	755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	15	1.4	1.5	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	245	115	130	17.0	16.8	17.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	35	30	4.5	5.1	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	150	80	65	10.4	11.7	8.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	965	445	520	66.8	65.0	68.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	18,790	9,280	9,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,985	985	995	10.6	10.6	10.5
South Asian	280	175	95	1.5	1.9	1.0
Chinese	410	215	195	2.2	2.3	2.0
Black	230	110	125	1.2	1.2	1.3
Filipino	265	90	180	1.4	1.0	1.9
Arab	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	185	80	105	1.0	0.9	1.1
Southeast Asian	180	90	90	1.0	1.0	0.9
West Asian	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	130	45	85	0.7	0.5	0.9
Japanese	80	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	60	40	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,810	8,295	8,515	89.5	89.4	89.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	18,795	9,280	9,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,825	1,370	1,450	15.0	14.8	15.2
English	6,630	3,220	3,405	35.3	34.7	35.8
Irish	3,355	1,585	1,775	17.9	17.1	18.7
Scottish	4,680	2,205	2,475	24.9	23.8	26.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,605	815	785	8.5	8.8	8.3
German	2,440	1,195	1,240	13.0	12.9	13.0
Chinese	405	235	175	2.2	2.5	1.8
Italian	525	245	280	2.8	2.6	2.9
Indian (India)	180	110	70	1.0	1.2	0.7
Ukrainian	935	440	490	5.0	4.7	5.1
Dutch	700	360	340	3.7	3.9	3.6
Polish	515	255	260	2.7	2.7	2.7
Québécois	70	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,055	500	560	5.6	5.4	5.9
Filipino	300	100	195	1.6	1.1	2.0
French Canadian	240	110	130	1.3	1.2	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	435	245	190	2.3	2.6	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	340	120	220	1.8	1.3	2.3
Métis	365	175	185	1.9	1.9	1.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	625	280	340	3.3	3.0	3.6
Russian	425	220	205	2.3	2.4	2.2
Norwegian	560	300	265	3.0	3.2	2.8
Welsh	560	285	275	3.0	3.1	2.9
Portuguese	205	90	115	1.1	1.0	1.2
American	310	175	135	1.6	1.9	1.4
Spanish	135	50	85	0.7	0.5	0.9
Swedish	560	270	295	3.0	2.9	3.1
Hungarian	285	135	150	1.5	1.5	1.6
Acadian	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	105	70	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
Punjabi	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	95	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	70	55	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Jamaican	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	125	45	75	0.7	0.5	0.8
Romanian	90	45	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanese	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Danish	305	130	170	1.6	1.4	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	90	25	65	0.5	0.3	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	170	80	90	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belgian	105	55	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	85	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	125	40	85	0.7	0.4	0.9
Finnish	170	90	80	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	85	50	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	170	90	85	0.9	1.0	0.9
Muslim	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	165	65	95	0.9	0.7	1.0
Colombian	80	55	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
Moroccan	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czech	95	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hong Konger	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	45	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Persian	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
South African	40	35	15	0.2	0.4	0.2
Australian	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Peruvian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
New Brunswicker	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Barbadian	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
African American	30	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	155	60	95	0.8	0.6	1.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	40	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	18,790	9,280	9,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	115	45	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
Christian	6,410	2,865	3,550	34.1	30.9	37.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,390	635	755	7.4	6.8	7.9
Anabaptist	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Anglican	935	430	505	5.0	4.6	5.3
Baptist	290	120	180	1.5	1.3	1.9
Catholic	1,785	810	975	9.5	8.7	10.3
Christian Orthodox	100	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	135	65	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Latter Day Saints	65	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Lutheran	190	65	125	1.0	0.7	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	270	130	140	1.4	1.4	1.5
Presbyterian	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Reformed	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	580	205	370	3.1	2.2	3.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	470	235	235	2.5	2.5	2.5
Hindu	80	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	90	55	30	0.5	0.6	0.3
Muslim	145	70	70	0.8	0.8	0.7
Sikh	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	220	85	135	1.2	0.9	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	11,685	6,085	5,600	62.2	65.6	58.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	18,645	9,210	9,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	16,270	8,040	8,225	87.3	87.3	87.1
Movers	2,380	1,165	1,215	12.8	12.6	12.9
Non-migrants	1,420	665	750	7.6	7.2	7.9
Migrants	960	495	465	5.1	5.4	4.9
Internal migrants	810	415	390	4.3	4.5	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	540	260	275	2.9	2.8	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	270	155	115	1.4	1.7	1.2
External migrants	155	80	75	0.8	0.9	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	17,785	8,790	8,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	9,885	4,850	5,035	55.6	55.2	56.0
Movers	7,905	3,940	3,965	44.4	44.8	44.1
Non-migrants	1,325	685	640	7.5	7.8	7.1
Migrants	6,580	3,255	3,320	37.0	37.0	36.9
Internal migrants	6,120	3,025	3,090	34.4	34.4	34.4
Intraprovincial migrants	4,620	2,250	2,375	26.0	25.6	26.4
Interprovincial migrants	1,500	780	720	8.4	8.9	8.0
External migrants	455	225	230	2.6	2.6	2.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,645	7,665	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,155	1,245	910	13.8	16.2	11.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,490	6,415	7,070	86.2	83.7	88.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,215	5,030	5,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	880	580	300	8.6	11.5	5.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,335	4,455	4,880	91.4	88.6	94.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,650	7,665	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,750	960	790	11.2	12.5	9.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,330	2,560	2,770	34.1	33.4	34.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,565	4,145	4,420	54.7	54.1	55.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,250	2,685	2,570	33.5	35.0	32.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,550	1,255	295	9.9	16.4	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	570	380	185	3.6	5.0	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	985	875	110	6.3	11.4	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,260	1,265	1,990	20.8	16.5	24.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	440	165	280	2.8	2.2	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,310	1,460	1,850	21.2	19.0	23.2
Bachelor's degree	2,265	955	1,310	14.5	12.5	16.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	180	60	120	1.2	0.8	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	45	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
Master's degree	715	340	375	4.6	4.4	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	95	55	35	0.6	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,220	5,035	5,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	635	405	225	6.2	8.0	4.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,190	1,610	1,585	31.2	32.0	30.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,390	3,020	3,370	62.5	60.0	65.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,850	1,980	1,870	37.7	39.3	36.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,055	860	195	10.3	17.1	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	395	265	130	3.9	5.3	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	655	595	60	6.4	11.8	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,480	995	1,485	24.3	19.8	28.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	320	125	195	3.1	2.5	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,540	1,040	1,500	24.9	20.7	28.9
Bachelor's degree	1,745	700	1,050	17.1	13.9	20.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	140	45	95	1.4	0.9	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	565	240	320	5.5	4.8	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60	35	20	0.6	0.7	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,645	7,665	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,085	3,525	3,560	45.3	46.0	44.6
Education	570	130	440	3.6	1.7	5.5
13. Education	570	130	440	3.6	1.7	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	255	95	160	1.6	1.2	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	230	85	145	1.5	1.1	1.8
Humanities	360	175	185	2.3	2.3	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	70	30	45	0.4	0.4	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	125	60	65	0.8	0.8	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	50	35	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	975	340	635	6.2	4.4	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	75	30	45	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	200	15	185	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	130	30	100	0.8	0.4	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	190	45	145	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	365	220	150	2.3	2.9	1.9
Business, management and public administration	1,660	540	1,120	10.6	7.0	14.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	155	45	105	1.0	0.6	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,505	490	1,015	9.6	6.4	12.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	310	130	190	2.0	1.7	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	145	45	100	0.9	0.6	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	75	50	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	295	205	90	1.9	2.7	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235	165	70	1.5	2.2	0.9
25. Library science	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,930	1,770	160	12.3	23.1	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	80	40	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	195	180	15	1.2	2.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	585	500	85	3.7	6.5	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	550	545	10	3.5	7.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	320	310	0	2.0	4.0	0.0
48. Precision production	195	190	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	205	120	80	1.3	1.6	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	115	45	70	0.7	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	90	75	15	0.6	1.0	0.2
Health and related fields	1,375	265	1,110	8.8	3.5	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	40	50	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,265	205	1,055	8.1	2.7	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	620	370	250	4.0	4.8	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	325	125	200	2.1	1.6	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
43. Security and protective services	135	90	40	0.9	1.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	105	105	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,215	5,035	5,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,825	2,015	1,810	37.4	40.0	34.9
Education	350	55	300	3.4	1.1	5.8
13. Education	350	55	300	3.4	1.1	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	200	70	130	2.0	1.4	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	180	55	125	1.8	1.1	2.4
Humanities	265	135	135	2.6	2.7	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	60	20	40	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	40	40	0.8	0.8	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	25	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	40	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	775	245	525	7.6	4.9	10.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	25	45	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	155	15	140	1.5	0.3	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	120	25	95	1.2	0.5	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	125	20	105	1.2	0.4	2.0
45. Social sciences	290	165	125	2.8	3.3	2.4
Business, management and public administration	1,210	365	835	11.8	7.2	16.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	115	25	90	1.1	0.5	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,090	340	755	10.7	6.8	14.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	240	85	155	2.3	1.7	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	40	80	1.1	0.8	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	55	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	250	175	75	2.4	3.5	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	215	150	60	2.1	3.0	1.2
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,385	1,245	140	13.6	24.7	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	80	45	35	0.8	0.9	0.7
14. Engineering	145	135	15	1.4	2.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	400	325	70	3.9	6.5	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	410	405	0	4.0	8.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	215	205	10	2.1	4.1	0.2
48. Precision production	130	130	0	1.3	2.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	165	100	65	1.6	2.0	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	40	55	0.9	0.8	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	60	10	0.7	1.2	0.2
Health and related fields	1,035	225	810	10.1	4.5	15.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	35	40	0.7	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	955	185	770	9.3	3.7	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	515	305	205	5.0	6.1	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	255	100	155	2.5	2.0	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
43. Security and protective services	125	90	45	1.2	1.8	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	85	85	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,215	5,035	5,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,825	2,015	1,810	37.4	40.0	34.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,390	3,020	3,375	62.6	60.0	65.1
Location of study inside Canada	5,690	2,720	2,965	55.7	54.0	57.2
Same as province or territory of residence	4,180	1,935	2,250	40.9	38.4	43.4
Different than province or territory of residence	1,505	790	720	14.7	15.7	13.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	705	295	405	6.9	5.9	7.8
Americas	195	95	105	1.9	1.9	2.0
United States of America	135	75	60	1.3	1.5	1.2
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Colombia	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Europe	200	105	95	2.0	2.1	1.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Germany	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95	45	50	0.9	0.9	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Africa	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	270	85	180	2.6	1.7	3.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	20	15	0.2	0.4	0.3
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
Philippines	70	15	55	0.7	0.3	1.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Oceania	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,650	7,665	7,980	...	...	...
In the labour force	10,205	5,325	4,880	...	...	...
Employed	9,685	5,080	4,600	...	...	...
Unemployed	520	245	275	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	5,445	2,345	3,100	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.2	69.5	61.2	65.2	69.5	61.2
Employment rate	61.9	66.3	57.6	61.9	66.3	57.6
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.6	5.6	5.1	4.6	5.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,645	7,665	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,435	2,305	3,130	34.7	30.1	39.2
Worked	10,210	5,360	4,850	65.3	69.9	60.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,030	3,495	2,530	38.5	45.6	31.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,185	1,860	2,325	26.7	24.3	29.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	44.3	41.8	43.1	44.3	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,200	5,320	4,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	55	75	1.3	1.0	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,070	5,270	4,800	98.7	99.1	98.4
Employee	8,755	4,465	4,290	85.8	83.9	87.9
Permanent position	7,745	3,985	3,755	75.9	74.9	76.9
Temporary position	1,010	480	530	9.9	9.0	10.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	360	160	195	3.5	3.0	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	650	320	335	6.4	6.0	6.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,315	800	510	12.9	15.0	10.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,200	5,320	4,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	55	75	1.3	1.0	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,070	5,270	4,800	98.7	99.1	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	95	70	25	0.9	1.3	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,705	435	1,270	16.7	8.2	26.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	845	670	170	8.3	12.6	3.5
3 Health occupations	755	120	640	7.4	2.3	13.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,750	820	930	17.2	15.4	19.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	315	160	150	3.1	3.0	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	2,515	1,110	1,410	24.7	20.9	28.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,750	1,610	140	17.2	30.3	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	180	140	35	1.8	2.6	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	170	140	30	1.7	2.6	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,200	5,320	4,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	55	75	1.3	1.0	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	10,070	5,270	4,800	98.7	99.1	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	85	55	35	0.8	1.0	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	40	35	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
23 Construction	915	820	95	9.0	15.4	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	365	275	90	3.6	5.2	1.8
41 Wholesale trade	175	100	70	1.7	1.9	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	1,245	640	600	12.2	12.0	12.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	330	230	100	3.2	4.3	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	155	95	60	1.5	1.8	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	290	85	205	2.8	1.6	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	145	70	70	1.4	1.3	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	795	430	370	7.8	8.1	7.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	465	270	195	4.6	5.1	4.0
61 Educational services	625	165	465	6.1	3.1	9.5
62 Health care and social assistance	1,265	180	1,090	12.4	3.4	22.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	190	85	105	1.9	1.6	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	575	275	300	5.6	5.2	6.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	345	140	210	3.4	2.6	4.3
91 Public administration	2,030	1,295	730	19.9	24.3	15.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,920	5,690	5,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	10,650	5,575	5,075	97.5	98.0	97.1
French	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official language	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
English and French	130	60	65	1.2	1.1	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	85	30	55	0.8	0.5	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,920	5,690	5,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	10,910	5,690	5,225	99.9	100.0	100.0
Official languages	10,895	5,670	5,220	99.8	99.6	99.9
English	10,840	5,660	5,185	99.3	99.5	99.2
French	50	20	35	0.5	0.4	0.7
Non-official languages	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,920	5,690	5,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	10,700	5,595	5,105	98.0	98.3	97.7
English	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	105	50	50	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-official language	70	25	40	0.6	0.4	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	25	40	0.6	0.4	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,680	5,080	4,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,975	855	1,115	20.4	16.8	24.2
Worked outside Canada	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
No fixed workplace address	1,455	1,140	310	15.0	22.4	6.7
Usual place of work	6,245	3,075	3,165	64.5	60.5	68.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,245	3,075	3,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	885	375	510	14.2	12.2	16.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,205	2,595	2,610	83.3	84.4	82.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	140	95	45	2.2	3.1	1.4
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,695	4,215	3,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	6,550	3,585	2,960	85.1	85.1	85.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,105	3,390	2,720	79.3	80.4	78.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	440	195	250	5.7	4.6	7.2
Public transit	400	170	225	5.2	4.0	6.5
Walked	275	130	150	3.6	3.1	4.3
Bicycle	185	145	45	2.4	3.4	1.3
Other method	285	190	95	3.7	4.5	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,695	4,215	3,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,215	1,050	1,165	28.8	24.9	33.5
15 to 29 minutes	3,000	1,765	1,235	39.0	41.9	35.5
30 to 44 minutes	1,815	1,040	780	23.6	24.7	22.4
45 to 59 minutes	465	245	220	6.0	5.8	6.3
60 minutes and over	200	115	90	2.6	2.7	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,695	4,215	3,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	435	320	115	5.7	7.6	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,745	1,150	595	22.7	27.3	17.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,285	1,215	1,065	29.7	28.8	30.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,350	600	750	17.5	14.2	21.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	830	390	440	10.8	9.3	12.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,060	540	515	13.8	12.8	14.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,845	1,975	1,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	400	190	210	10.4	9.6	11.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,450	1,785	1,665	89.7	90.4	88.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,800	1,450	1,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	295	150	150	10.5	10.3	11.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	155	85	75	5.5	5.9	5.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140	65	75	5.0	4.5	5.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,495	1,300	1,195	89.1	89.7	88.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 27, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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