Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Langford, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	46,584
Population, 2016¹	35,342
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	31.8
Total private dwellings²	19,968
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	19,050
Population density per square kilometre	1,124.4
Land area in square kilometres	41.43
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	46,585
0 to 14 years	8,005
0 to 4 years	2,685
5 to 9 years	2,765
10 to 14 years	2,550
15 to 64 years	32,175
15 to 19 years	2,380
20 to 24 years	2,620
25 to 29 years	3,605
30 to 34 years	3,955
35 to 39 years	4,150
40 to 44 years	3,605
45 to 49 years	3,190
50 to 54 years	2,975
55 to 59 years	2,985
60 to 64 years	2,720
65 years and over	6,405
65 to 69 years	2,195
70 to 74 years	1,775
75 to 79 years	1,135
80 to 84 years	670
85 years and over	630
85 to 89 years	400
90 to 94 years	180
95 to 99 years	45
100 years and over	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2
15 to 64 years	69.1
65 years and over	13.7
85 years and over	1.4
Average age of the population	39.1
Median age of the population	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	19,050
Single-detached house	6,695
Semi-detached house	890
Row house	995
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,625
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,740
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,315
Other single-attached house	80
Movable dwelling⁴	715
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	19,050
1 person	5,035
2 persons	6,885
3 persons	3,160
4 persons	2,630
5 or more persons	1,340
Number of persons in private households	46,190
Average household size	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	38,580
Married or living common-law	22,740
Married	17,340
Living common-law	5,405
Living common law - Never married	4,085
Living common law - Separated	245
Living common law - Divorced	995
Living common law - Widowed	80
Not married and not living common-law	15,835
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,245
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,200
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,895
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,500
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	13,380
2 persons	7,145
3 persons	3,040
4 persons	2,485
5 or more persons	715
Average size of census families	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	13,385
Total couple families	11,165
Married couples	8,460
With children⁶	4,575
Without children	3,890
Common-law couples	2,700
With children⁶	905
Without children	1,795
Total one-parent families	2,220
in which the parent is a woman+	1,665
in which the parent is a man+	555
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	46,190
Total - Persons in census families	37,120
Married spouses or common-law partners	22,335
Parents in one-parent families	2,215
Children⁶	12,575
In a two-parent family	9,370
In a one-parent family	3,200
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,070
Living alone	5,035
Living with other relatives⁷	1,140
Living with non-relatives only	2,890
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	19,050
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,255
Couple-family households	9,550
With children⁶	4,685
Without children	4,865
One-parent-family households	1,705
Multigenerational households⁸	505
Multiple-census-family households⁹	200
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	965
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,090
One-person households	5,035
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	38,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,140
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,190
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,485
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,305
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,050
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,425
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,585
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	38,200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,185
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,220
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,580
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,300
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,040
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,385
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,540
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,540
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	38,195
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,375
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,970
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	38,195
Without total income	1,055
With total income	37,145
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,575
$10,000 to $19,999	3,395
$20,000 to $29,999	4,685
$30,000 to $39,999	4,520
$40,000 to $49,999	4,425
$50,000 to $59,999	4,105
$60,000 to $69,999	3,420
$70,000 to $79,999	2,650
$80,000 to $89,999	2,105
$90,000 to $99,999	1,570
$100,000 and over	3,690
$100,000 to $149,999	2,800
$150,000 and over	885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	38,195
Without after-tax income	1,005
With after-tax income	37,190
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,695
$10,000 to $19,999	3,550
$20,000 to $29,999	5,425
$30,000 to $39,999	5,460
$40,000 to $49,999	5,385
$50,000 to $59,999	4,545
$60,000 to $69,999	3,360
$70,000 to $79,999	2,505
$80,000 to $89,999	1,595
$90,000 to $99,999	1,000
$100,000 and over	1,675
$100,000 to $124,999	1,010
$125,000 and over	665
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	38,195
Without employment income	8,890
With employment income	29,305
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,865
$5,000 to $9,999	1,835
$10,000 to $19,999	3,060
$20,000 to $29,999	2,635
$30,000 to $39,999	2,650
$40,000 to $49,999	3,000
$50,000 to $59,999	2,960
$60,000 to $69,999	2,530
$70,000 to $79,999	2,070
$80,000 to $89,999	1,715
$90,000 to $99,999	1,285
$100,000 and over	2,690
$100,000 to $124,999	1,550
$125,000 and over	1,145
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	38,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,190
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,275
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,010
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,035
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,230
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,615
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	38,200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,210
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,270
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,065
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,155
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,970
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,830
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,600
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,220
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	38,195
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,230
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,330
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	90.4
Employment income (%)	78.0
Government transfers (%)	9.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	19,050
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,035
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,015
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	19,050
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,030
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,100
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,640
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,020
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,900
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,100
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	19,050
Under $5,000	175
$5,000 to $9,999	80
$10,000 to $14,999	105
$15,000 to $19,999	255
$20,000 to $24,999	460
$25,000 to $29,999	415
$30,000 to $34,999	480
$35,000 to $39,999	540
$40,000 to $44,999	655
$45,000 to $49,999	630
$50,000 to $59,999	1,335
$60,000 to $69,999	1,430
$70,000 to $79,999	1,270
$80,000 to $89,999	1,290
$90,000 to $99,999	1,220
$100,000 and over	8,715
$100,000 to $124,999	2,685
$125,000 to $149,999	2,005
$150,000 to $199,999	2,380
$200,000 and over	1,645
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	19,050
Under $5,000	180
$5,000 to $9,999	80
$10,000 to $14,999	110
$15,000 to $19,999	270
$20,000 to $24,999	490
$25,000 to $29,999	495
$30,000 to $34,999	570
$35,000 to $39,999	720
$40,000 to $44,999	750
$45,000 to $49,999	790
$50,000 to $59,999	1,590
$60,000 to $69,999	1,590
$70,000 to $79,999	1,585
$80,000 to $89,999	1,435
$90,000 to $99,999	1,370
$100,000 and over	7,020
$100,000 to $124,999	2,720
$125,000 to $149,999	1,835
$150,000 and over	2,465
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	13,215
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,150
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,510
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,100
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,925
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	13,205
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,200
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,470
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,115
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,900
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,835
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	46,190
0 to 17 years	9,460
0 to 5 years	3,235
18 to 64 years	30,660
65 years and over	6,070
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,155
0 to 17 years	755
0 to 5 years	250
18 to 64 years	1,835
65 years and over	570
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0
65 years and over (%)	9.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	46,190
0 to 17 years	9,460
0 to 5 years	3,240
18 to 64 years	30,660
65 years and over	6,070
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,625
0 to 17 years	370
0 to 5 years	105
18 to 64 years	1,170
65 years and over	85
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	46,190
In bottom half of the distribution	19,745
In bottom decile	3,325
In second decile	3,410
In third decile	3,730
In fourth decile	4,435
In fifth decile	4,850
In top half of the distribution	26,445
In sixth decile	5,260
In seventh decile	5,635
In eighth decile	5,815
In ninth decile	5,605
In top decile	4,125
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	46,190
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.280
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.360
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.251
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	46,430
English only	42,605
French only	25
English and French	3,475
Neither English nor French	325
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	46,430
English	45,265
French	740
English and French	120
Neither English nor French	310
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	46,430
Single responses	45,175
Official languages	39,415
English	38,670
French	740
Non-official languages	5,755
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	185
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	10
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	170
Amharic	10
Arabic	135
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	15
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195
Khmer (Cambodian)	25
Vietnamese	170
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	810
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	50
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	25
Indonesian	15
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	670
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15
Dravidian languages	90
Kannada	5
Malayalam	20
Tamil	25
Telugu	45
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	3,090
Albanian	15
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	535
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	525
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	15
Macedonian	0
Polish	130
Russian	200
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	75
Bosnian	5
Croatian	45
Serbian	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	455
Frisian	0
High German languages	265
German	260
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	100
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	50
Danish	25
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	15
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	40
Indo-Iranian languages	1,135
Indo-Aryan languages	930
Assamese	0
Bengali	20
Gujarati	45
Hindi	190
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	20
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	535
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25
Urdu	60
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15
Iranian languages	200
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	180
Dari	35
Iranian Persian	140
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	915
Catalan	0
Italian	100
Portuguese	205
Romanian	30
Spanish	585
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	105
Korean	320
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	65
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	15
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	695
Chinese languages	685
Hakka	5
Mandarin	450
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	210
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	0
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	65
Azerbaijani	5
Kazakh	0
Turkish	55
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	90
Estonian	5
Finnish	30
Hungarian	55
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,255
English and French	230
English and non-official language(s)	890
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	30
Multiple non-official languages	80
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	46,430
English	39,855
French	145
Non-official language	1,260
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,260
English and French	500
English and non-official language(s)	4,400
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	160
Multiple non-official languages	100
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	46,430
Single responses	45,485
Official languages	42,665
English	42,440
French	225
Non-official languages	2,820
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,820
Afro-Asiatic languages	90
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	90
Amharic	5
Arabic	70
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	75
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	390
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	30
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	20
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	330
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	40
Kannada	10
Malayalam	15
Tamil	10
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,405
Albanian	15
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	220
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	215
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	50
Russian	105
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	15
Bosnian	0
Croatian	5
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	45
Frisian	0
High German languages	20
German	20
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	15
Indo-Iranian languages	680
Indo-Aryan languages	580
Assamese	0
Bengali	10
Gujarati	25
Hindi	125
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	330
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	50
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	105
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	90
Dari	15
Iranian Persian	65
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	430
Catalan	0
Italian	25
Portuguese	95
Romanian	10
Spanish	305
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	45
Korean	260
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	15
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	425
Chinese languages	425
Hakka	0
Mandarin	310
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	100
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	35
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	35
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	10
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	950
English and French	75
English and non-official language(s)	820
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	35
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	46,435
None	42,005
English	1,320
French	385
Non-official language	2,120
Indigenous³⁹	20
Non-Indigenous	2,105
English and French	25
English and non-official language(s)	220
French and non-official language(s)	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	265
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	46,195
Official languages	45,900
English	45,890
French	3,475
Non-official languages	8,325
Indigenous languages³⁹	35
Algonquian languages	10
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	15
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	410
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	25
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	390
Amharic	10
Arabic	295
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	60
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	305
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	285
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,105
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	75
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	35
Indonesian	30
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,035
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30
Creole languages	40
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15
Dravidian languages	220
Kannada	30
Malayalam	50
Tamil	65
Telugu	155
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	4,805
Albanian	35
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	700
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	695
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	25
Czech	40
Macedonian	0
Polish	225
Russian	335
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	80
Bosnian	0
Croatian	45
Serbian	40
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	795
Frisian	0
High German languages	470
German	465
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	230
Afrikaans	95
Dutch	130
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	125
Danish	45
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	25
Swedish	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	50
Indo-Iranian languages	1,565
Indo-Aryan languages	1,380
Assamese	0
Bengali	35
Gujarati	75
Hindi	765
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	10
Marathi	40
Nepali	45
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	670
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25
Urdu	180
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20
Iranian languages	210
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	20
Persian languages	180
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	145
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,810
Catalan	0
Italian	165
Portuguese	255
Romanian	65
Spanish	1,390
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	240
Korean	265
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	165
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	40
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	85
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	95
American Sign Language	95
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	875
Chinese languages	845
Hakka	0
Mandarin	620
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	255
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	90
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	80
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	80
Estonian	15
Finnish	30
Hungarian	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	46,190
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,685
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,585
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,345
Métis	1,210
Inuk (Inuit)	30
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45
Non-Indigenous identity	43,505
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	46,190
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	835
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	45,355
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	19,050
Owner	12,335
Renter	6,715
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	19,050
Condominium	4,285
Not condominium	14,760
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	19,050
No bedrooms	120
1 bedroom	3,170
2 bedrooms	5,380
3 bedrooms	6,160
4 or more bedrooms	4,220
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	19,050
1 to 4 rooms	7,165
5 rooms	3,160
6 rooms	2,680
7 rooms	1,910
8 or more rooms	4,145
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	19,050
One person or fewer per room	18,675
More than one person per room	375
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	19,050
Suitable	18,060
Not suitable	990
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	19,050
1960 or before	760
1961 to 1980	2,930
1981 to 1990	1,190
1991 to 2000	1,870
2001 to 2005	1,420
2006 to 2010	3,280
2011 to 2015	2,545
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,070
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	19,050
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	18,540
Major repairs needed	510
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	19,050
One-maintainer household	8,365
Two-maintainer household	9,500
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,190
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	19,050
15 to 24 years	630
25 to 34 years	3,465
35 to 44 years	4,270
45 to 54 years	3,570
55 to 64 years	3,320
65 to 74 years	2,345
75 to 84 years	1,135
85 years and over	320
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	18,980
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,105
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,880
30% to less than 100%	4,450
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	19,050
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,990
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,520
Not suitable only	730
Major repairs needed only	360
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	235
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	130
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	13,055
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	18,550
In core need	1,985
Not in core need	16,565
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,325
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	74.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.7
% in core housing need⁶³	5.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,846
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	730,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	752,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,710
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.6
% in core housing need⁶³	20.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,644
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	46,190
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	850
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	815
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	535
Métis single ancestry	275
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,175
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,085
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,345
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	720
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	43,170
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	46,190
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	42,860
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,980
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	33,880
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,335
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	46,190
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	38,000
Immigrants⁸¹	7,285
Before 1980	1,640
1980 to 1990	750
1991 to 2000	950
2001 to 2010	1,395
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,550
2011 to 2015	1,230
2016 to 2021	1,320
Non-permanent residents⁸³	900
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,290
Under 5 years	755
5 to 14 years	1,400
15 to 24 years	1,360
25 to 44 years	3,215
45 years and over	565
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,290
Americas	1,140
Brazil	70
Colombia	130
El Salvador	25
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	40
Mexico	120
Peru	25
Trinidad and Tobago	30
United States of America	520
Other places of birth in Americas	180
Europe	2,385
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25
Croatia	0
France	45
Germany	165
Greece	0
Hungary	20
Italy	65
Netherlands	100
Poland	150
Portugal	80
Romania	55
Russian Federation	95
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Ukraine	70
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,165
Other places of birth in Europe	320
Africa	485
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	25
Ethiopia	20
Morocco	0
Nigeria	105
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	135
Other places of birth in Africa	180
Asia	3,220
Afghanistan	40
Iran⁸⁸	95
Iraq	15
Lebanon	20
Syria⁸⁹	50
Turkey	30
China⁹⁰	380
Hong Kong⁹¹	55
Korea, South⁹²	230
Taiwan	55
Philippines	1,005
Viet Nam	170
Bangladesh	0
India	655
Pakistan	85
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	320
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,315
Americas	220
Brazil	20
Colombia	45
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	30
United States of America	85
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30
Europe	180
France	10
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	15
Ukraine	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75
Other places of birth in Europe	35
Africa	125
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	15
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	45
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20
Asia	795
Afghanistan	30
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	90
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	220
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	20
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	45
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	275
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	35
Turkey	15
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	30
Other places of birth in Asia	20
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	46,190
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,710
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,910
Third generation or more¹⁰²	28,565
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,645
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,055
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,225
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,825
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,850
Refugees¹⁰⁸	695
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,645
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	175
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	990
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	275
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	365
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,825
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	46,190
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,660
South Asian	1,880
Chinese	1,095
Black	725
Filipino	1,405
Arab	165
Latin American	640
Southeast Asian	530
West Asian	225
Korean	360
Japanese	265
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	80
Multiple visible minorities	290
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	38,530
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	46,195
Canadian	6,175
English	13,835
Irish	8,405
Scottish	10,375
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,700
German	6,060
Chinese	1,300
Italian	1,800
Indian (India)	1,295
Ukrainian	2,240
Dutch	1,945
Polish	1,625
Québécois	95
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,475
Filipino	1,380
French Canadian	555
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,265
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	870
Métis	1,115
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,115
Russian	1,260
Norwegian	1,540
Welsh	1,445
Portuguese	575
American	665
Spanish	580
Swedish	1,135
Hungarian	440
Acadian	155
Pakistani	130
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	195
Jewish	195
Punjabi	105
Vietnamese	340
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55
Greek	285
Jamaican	100
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	285
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	265
Korean	320
Romanian	215
Lebanese	80
Iranian	110
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	85
Danish	765
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	145
Sikh	125
Austrian	495
Belgian	215
Haitian	10
Hindu	185
Mexican	425
Mennonite	135
Swiss	210
Finnish	475
Sri Lankan	10
Croatian	165
Japanese	310
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	85
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	95
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	495
Muslim	75
Egyptian	40
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	115
Tamil	0
Icelandic	370
Colombian	90
Moroccan	0
Czech	210
Syrian	60
Guyanese	40
Afghan	50
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55
Serbian	85
Ojibway	60
Newfoundlander	65
Hong Konger	10
Ontarian	75
Persian	80
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20
Turkish	70
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30
Bangladeshi	15
Algerian	0
Brazilian	70
Nigerian	120
Armenian	30
Slovak	40
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105
Somali	20
Taiwanese	60
Iraqi	40
Salvadorean	20
African Caribbean	35
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	70
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	100
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30
Lithuanian	100
South African	195
Australian	115
Palestinian	15
Chilean	55
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	40
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35
Peruvian	35
Yoruba	85
Cambodian (Khmer)	60
Berber	0
Albanian	30
Maltese	50
Macedonian	30
Slovenian	60
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	205
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	30
Eritrean	10
African Canadian	35
Israeli	35
Mohawk	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65
Bulgarian	30
Albertan	40
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	55
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	60
Tunisian	20
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30
Cuban	60
Bosnian	40
Venezuelan	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	60
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	20
Indonesian	60
Laotian	15
Ilocano	20
Northern Irish	50
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	140
British Columbian	370
Ecuadorian	30
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	15
Estonian	65
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40
Coptic	0
Thai	30
Dominican	15
Nepali	45
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	25
Byelorussian	20
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10
New Zealander	95
Sudanese	45
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25
Malaysian	20
Plains Cree	25
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	15
Saskatchewanian	50
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	20
Norman	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	20
Mauritian	10
Kenyan	45
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	20
Cape Bretoner	10
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	25
Mayan	10
Honduran	0
Cherokee	35
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	10
United Empire Loyalist	15
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	35
Sicilian	15
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	25
Burmese	10
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	35
Uruguayan	20
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	10
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	46,190
Buddhist	370
Christian	14,450
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,250
Anabaptist	25
Anglican	1,535
Baptist	595
Catholic	4,805
Christian Orthodox	315
Jehovah's Witness	225
Latter Day Saints	265
Lutheran	360
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	100
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	415
Presbyterian	245
Reformed	60
United Church	1,280
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	960
Hindu	625
Jewish	220
Muslim	685
Sikh	600
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65
Other religions and spiritual traditions	595
No religion and secular perspectives	28,590
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	45,670
Non-movers	35,945
Movers	9,730
Non-migrants	6,050
Migrants	3,675
Internal migrants	3,220
Intraprovincial migrants	1,930
Interprovincial migrants	1,295
External migrants	450
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	43,615
Non-movers	18,640
Movers	24,975
Non-migrants	6,330
Migrants	18,645
Internal migrants	16,630
Intraprovincial migrants	12,395
Interprovincial migrants	4,235
External migrants	2,015
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,195
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,410
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	32,785
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,160
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,435
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	24,725
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,200
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,660
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,315
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,215
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,205
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,200
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,240
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,960
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,735
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,265
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,015
Bachelor's degree	6,155
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125
Master's degree	1,885
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	255
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,160
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,935
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,850
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,375
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,745
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,420
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	895
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,520
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,315
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,010
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,630
Bachelor's degree	5,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	465
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95
Master's degree	1,575
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	38,195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,980
Education	1,245
13. Education	1,245
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	695
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70
50. Visual and performing arts	630
Humanities	1,030
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135
23. English language and literature/letters	255
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85
39. Theology and religious vocations	80
54. History	140
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,540
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	455
22. Legal professions and studies	410
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75
42. Psychology	460
45. Social sciences	810
Business, management and public administration	4,490
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	385
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,100
Physical and life sciences and technologies	785
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25
40. Physical sciences	170
41. Science technologies/technicians	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	940
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	785
25. Library science	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	100
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,900
04. Architecture and related services	90
14. Engineering	670
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	835
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,125
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	710
48. Precision production	470
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	430
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	260
03. Natural resources and conservation	170
Health and related fields	3,615
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	250
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,345
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,535
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	925
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40
43. Security and protective services	310
49. Transportation and materials moving	210
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,160
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,785
Education	935
13. Education	935
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	570
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60
50. Visual and performing arts	510
Humanities	795
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115
23. English language and literature/letters	200
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	230
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60
39. Theology and religious vocations	65
54. History	85
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,155
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	400
22. Legal professions and studies	360
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45
42. Psychology	385
45. Social sciences	670
Business, management and public administration	3,765
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	310
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,455
Physical and life sciences and technologies	660
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	340
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25
40. Physical sciences	135
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	820
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	715
25. Library science	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	70
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,115
04. Architecture and related services	70
14. Engineering	590
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	660
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	895
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	550
48. Precision production	355
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	345
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	220
03. Natural resources and conservation	125
Health and related fields	2,955
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,725
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,255
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	765
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20
43. Security and protective services	255
49. Transportation and materials moving	175
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	27,160
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	17,375
Location of study inside Canada	14,610
Same as province or territory of residence	10,645
Different than province or territory of residence	3,970
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,760
Americas	700
United States of America	460
Mexico	95
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	40
Colombia	45
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	45
Europe	580
Belgium	0
France	30
Germany	30
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	15
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	25
Romania	20
Russian Federation	40
Ukraine	25
Ireland⁹⁶	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	290
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	15
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	65
Africa	105
Nigeria	35
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	45
Other locations of study in Africa	20
Asia	1,280
Iran⁸⁸	30
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	10
China⁹⁰	115
Taiwan	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	30
Korea, South⁹²	105
Philippines	455
Viet Nam	30
Bangladesh	10
Sri Lanka	0
India	365
Pakistan	20
Other locations of study in Asia	75
Oceania	100
Australia	80
New Zealand	15
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	38,200
In the labour force	27,645
Employed	25,925
Unemployed	1,715
Not in the labour force	10,555
Participation rate	72.4
Employment rate	67.9
Unemployment rate	6.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	38,195
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,820
Worked	27,375
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	15,740
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,640
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	27,640
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	360
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	27,285
Employee	23,660
Permanent position	20,845
Temporary position	2,815
Fixed term (1 year or more)	960
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,855
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,620
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	27,640
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	360
All occupations¹⁹¹	27,285
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	255
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,010
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,990
3 Health occupations	2,445
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,665
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	680
6 Sales and service occupations	7,605
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,830
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	395
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	400
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	27,640
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	360
All industries¹⁹¹	27,285
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	195
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65
22 Utilities	120
23 Construction	2,680
31-33 Manufacturing	985
41 Wholesale trade	590
44-45 Retail trade	3,660
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,120
51 Information and cultural industries	390
52 Finance and insurance	820
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	485
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,995
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,200
61 Educational services	1,715
62 Health care and social assistance	3,765
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	585
72 Accommodation and food services	1,820
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,215
91 Public administration	3,835
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	29,285
English	28,350
French	40
Non-official language	65
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	65
English and French	350
English and non-official language(s)	445
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	29,285
Single responses	29,200
Official languages	29,065
English	28,980
French	85
Non-official languages	135
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	135
Afro-Asiatic languages	10
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	10
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	35
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15
Indo-Aryan languages	15
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45
Chinese languages	45
Hakka	0
Mandarin	20
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	85
English and French	30
English and non-official language(s)	45
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	29,285
None	28,525
English	100
French	280
Non-official language	310
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	305
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	50
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	25,925
Worked at home	5,845
Worked outside Canada	55
No fixed workplace address	3,940
Usual place of work	16,090
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	16,085
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,695
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	420
Commute to a different province or territory	95
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	20,030
Car, truck or van	16,880
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,635
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,245
Public transit	1,025
Walked	1,155
Bicycle	445
Other method	520
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	20,030
Less than 15 minutes	6,060
15 to 29 minutes	7,840
30 to 44 minutes	4,605
45 to 59 minutes	975
60 minutes and over	545
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	20,030
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,295
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,055
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,270
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,965
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,560
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,885
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,615
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	825
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,790
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,730
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	635
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	365
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	265
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,095

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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