Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	View Royal, Town (T)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	11,575
Population, 2016¹	10,408
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.2
Total private dwellings²	5,175
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,915
Population density per square kilometre	807.6
Land area in square kilometres	14.33
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	11,575
0 to 14 years	1,630
0 to 4 years	510
5 to 9 years	550
10 to 14 years	565
15 to 64 years	7,530
15 to 19 years	520
20 to 24 years	555
25 to 29 years	680
30 to 34 years	770
35 to 39 years	850
40 to 44 years	850
45 to 49 years	755
50 to 54 years	855
55 to 59 years	850
60 to 64 years	855
65 years and over	2,415
65 to 69 years	845
70 to 74 years	685
75 to 79 years	425
80 to 84 years	245
85 years and over	220
85 to 89 years	155
90 to 94 years	55
95 to 99 years	10
100 years and over	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1
15 to 64 years	65.1
65 years and over	20.9
85 years and over	1.9
Average age of the population	43.8
Median age of the population	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,915
Single-detached house	1,770
Semi-detached house	190
Row house	990
Apartment or flat in a duplex	905
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	900
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	165
Other single-attached house	5
Movable dwelling⁴	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,915
1 person	1,395
2 persons	1,960
3 persons	700
4 persons	585
5 or more persons	275
Number of persons in private households	11,260
Average household size	2.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	9,945
Married or living common-law	6,090
Married	4,805
Living common-law	1,290
Living common law - Never married	865
Living common law - Separated	40
Living common law - Divorced	340
Living common law - Widowed	35
Not married and not living common-law	3,855
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,370
Not married and not living common law - Separated	280
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	785
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	425
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	3,385
2 persons	2,015
3 persons	650
4 persons	565
5 or more persons	155
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	3,380
Total couple families	2,945
Married couples	2,305
With children⁶	1,080
Without children	1,220
Common-law couples	645
With children⁶	165
Without children	480
Total one-parent families	435
in which the parent is a woman+	330
in which the parent is a man+	105
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	11,260
Total - Persons in census families	9,050
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,890
Parents in one-parent families	440
Children⁶	2,725
In a two-parent family	2,130
In a one-parent family	590
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,215
Living alone	1,395
Living with other relatives⁷	280
Living with non-relatives only	545
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,915
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,970
Couple-family households	2,600
With children⁶	1,085
Without children	1,515
One-parent-family households	365
Multigenerational households⁸	100
Multiple-census-family households⁹	45
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	180
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	225
One-person households	1,395
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	9,645
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,420
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,425
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,845
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,005
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,520
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	665
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,095
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	9,645
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,465
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,850
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,470
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,900
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,550
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,005
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,470
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	670
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,115
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	9,645
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,520
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,650
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	9,645
Without total income	220
With total income	9,420
Under $10,000 (including loss)	600
$10,000 to $19,999	825
$20,000 to $29,999	1,150
$30,000 to $39,999	1,080
$40,000 to $49,999	1,015
$50,000 to $59,999	975
$60,000 to $69,999	890
$70,000 to $79,999	750
$80,000 to $89,999	545
$90,000 to $99,999	395
$100,000 and over	1,195
$100,000 to $149,999	910
$150,000 and over	290
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	9,645
Without after-tax income	220
With after-tax income	9,430
Under $10,000 (including loss)	630
$10,000 to $19,999	865
$20,000 to $29,999	1,315
$30,000 to $39,999	1,290
$40,000 to $49,999	1,225
$50,000 to $59,999	1,170
$60,000 to $69,999	950
$70,000 to $79,999	625
$80,000 to $89,999	490
$90,000 to $99,999	305
$100,000 and over	560
$100,000 to $124,999	305
$125,000 and over	255
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	9,645
Without employment income	2,640
With employment income	7,005
Under $5,000 (including loss)	780
$5,000 to $9,999	455
$10,000 to $19,999	665
$20,000 to $29,999	555
$30,000 to $39,999	585
$40,000 to $49,999	595
$50,000 to $59,999	630
$60,000 to $69,999	600
$70,000 to $79,999	525
$80,000 to $89,999	445
$90,000 to $99,999	340
$100,000 and over	830
$100,000 to $124,999	480
$125,000 and over	355
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	9,645
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,245
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,270
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,745
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,335
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,915
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	520
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	9,645
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,315
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,340
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,865
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,410
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,950
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	520
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	9,645
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,560
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	90.0
Employment income (%)	72.2
Government transfers (%)	9.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,915
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,395
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	3,520
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,915
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,395
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,900
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	3,525
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,500
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,915
Under $5,000	45
$5,000 to $9,999	20
$10,000 to $14,999	30
$15,000 to $19,999	75
$20,000 to $24,999	125
$25,000 to $29,999	100
$30,000 to $34,999	105
$35,000 to $39,999	135
$40,000 to $44,999	135
$45,000 to $49,999	165
$50,000 to $59,999	325
$60,000 to $69,999	340
$70,000 to $79,999	350
$80,000 to $89,999	310
$90,000 to $99,999	280
$100,000 and over	2,395
$100,000 to $124,999	660
$125,000 to $149,999	555
$150,000 to $199,999	670
$200,000 and over	505
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,915
Under $5,000	55
$5,000 to $9,999	20
$10,000 to $14,999	30
$15,000 to $19,999	80
$20,000 to $24,999	125
$25,000 to $29,999	115
$30,000 to $34,999	145
$35,000 to $39,999	145
$40,000 to $44,999	175
$45,000 to $49,999	195
$50,000 to $59,999	420
$60,000 to $69,999	405
$70,000 to $79,999	355
$80,000 to $89,999	345
$90,000 to $99,999	325
$100,000 and over	1,995
$100,000 to $124,999	750
$125,000 to $149,999	525
$150,000 and over	720
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	3,370
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,590
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,240
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	420
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,935
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	3,380
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,575
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,900
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,250
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	425
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,400
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,905
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,350
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	11,265
0 to 17 years	1,935
0 to 5 years	605
18 to 64 years	7,000
65 years and over	2,325
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	680
0 to 17 years	135
0 to 5 years	45
18 to 64 years	345
65 years and over	205
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.1
0 to 17 years (%)	6.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9
65 years and over (%)	8.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	11,260
0 to 17 years	1,935
0 to 5 years	605
18 to 64 years	7,000
65 years and over	2,325
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	365
0 to 17 years	90
0 to 5 years	30
18 to 64 years	230
65 years and over	45
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	11,265
In bottom half of the distribution	4,115
In bottom decile	675
In second decile	595
In third decile	770
In fourth decile	925
In fifth decile	1,145
In top half of the distribution	7,145
In sixth decile	1,140
In seventh decile	1,445
In eighth decile	1,490
In ninth decile	1,655
In top decile	1,415
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	11,260
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.371
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.257
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	11,560
English only	10,475
French only	10
English and French	1,005
Neither English nor French	75
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	11,560
English	11,255
French	205
English and French	30
Neither English nor French	75
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	11,560
Single responses	11,280
Official languages	9,740
English	9,535
French	205
Non-official languages	1,540
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,540
Afro-Asiatic languages	60
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	55
Amharic	5
Arabic	35
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	115
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	10
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	25
Kannada	0
Malayalam	15
Tamil	5
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	930
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	135
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	130
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	35
Russian	40
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	15
Bosnian	0
Croatian	10
Serbian	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	150
Frisian	0
High German languages	80
German	75
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	20
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	5
Indo-Iranian languages	400
Indo-Aryan languages	345
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	5
Hindi	40
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	225
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	55
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	55
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	55
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	240
Catalan	0
Italian	55
Portuguese	45
Romanian	0
Spanish	135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	25
Korean	35
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	15
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220
Chinese languages	220
Hakka	0
Mandarin	100
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	105
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	20
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	20
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	25
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	280
English and French	75
English and non-official language(s)	170
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	11,560
English	9,865
French	40
Non-official language	330
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	330
English and French	175
English and non-official language(s)	1,090
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	35
Multiple non-official languages	20
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	11,560
Single responses	11,350
Official languages	10,630
English	10,570
French	60
Non-official languages	720
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	720
Afro-Asiatic languages	25
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	25
Amharic	0
Arabic	20
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	55
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	10
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	20
Kannada	0
Malayalam	15
Tamil	10
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	410
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	55
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	35
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	5
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	250
Indo-Aryan languages	205
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	5
Hindi	15
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	45
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	45
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	20
Romanian	0
Spanish	70
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	20
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125
Chinese languages	125
Hakka	0
Mandarin	65
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	5
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	215
English and French	25
English and non-official language(s)	185
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	11,560
None	10,420
English	315
French	125
Non-official language	555
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	555
English and French	5
English and non-official language(s)	70
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	45
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	11,265
Official languages	11,155
English	11,150
French	995
Non-official languages	2,190
Indigenous languages³⁹	15
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,175
Afro-Asiatic languages	120
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	115
Amharic	25
Arabic	65
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	165
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	60
Kannada	0
Malayalam	25
Tamil	35
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,330
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	195
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	195
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	55
Russian	90
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	20
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	240
Frisian	0
High German languages	155
German	150
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	30
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	20
Indo-Iranian languages	480
Indo-Aryan languages	440
Assamese	0
Bengali	20
Gujarati	20
Hindi	240
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	115
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	45
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	45
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	45
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	460
Catalan	0
Italian	65
Portuguese	50
Romanian	20
Spanish	355
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	60
Korean	30
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	50
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	310
Chinese languages	310
Hakka	0
Mandarin	175
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	175
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	25
Estonian	0
Finnish	15
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	11,260
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	670
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	655
First Nations (North American Indian)	300
Métis	345
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10
Non-Indigenous identity	10,590
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	11,260
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	200
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	11,065
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,915
Owner	3,310
Renter	1,600
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,915
Condominium	1,320
Not condominium	3,595
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,915
No bedrooms	25
1 bedroom	705
2 bedrooms	1,430
3 bedrooms	1,680
4 or more bedrooms	1,075
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,915
1 to 4 rooms	1,525
5 rooms	850
6 rooms	695
7 rooms	635
8 or more rooms	1,210
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,915
One person or fewer per room	4,850
More than one person per room	60
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,915
Suitable	4,765
Not suitable	150
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,915
1960 or before	670
1961 to 1980	735
1981 to 1990	680
1991 to 2000	845
2001 to 2005	450
2006 to 2010	385
2011 to 2015	430
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	710
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,915
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	4,765
Major repairs needed	150
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,915
One-maintainer household	2,250
Two-maintainer household	2,430
Three-or-more-maintainer household	235
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,915
15 to 24 years	85
25 to 34 years	620
35 to 44 years	885
45 to 54 years	925
55 to 64 years	930
65 to 74 years	905
75 to 84 years	415
85 years and over	155
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	4,910
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,855
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,050
30% to less than 100%	970
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,915
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,260
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	965
Not suitable only	95
Major repairs needed only	110
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	50
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	35
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	3,655
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	4,830
In core need	395
Not in core need	4,430
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,315
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.1
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,698
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	848,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,600
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4
% in core housing need⁶³	17.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,578
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	11,260
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	160
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	160
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	120
Métis single ancestry	30
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	615
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	565
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	340
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	225
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	10,490
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	11,260
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	10,470
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,770
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	8,700
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	790
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	11,260
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	9,015
Immigrants⁸¹	2,070
Before 1980	630
1980 to 1990	175
1991 to 2000	190
2001 to 2010	480
2011 to 2021⁸²	600
2011 to 2015	235
2016 to 2021	360
Non-permanent residents⁸³	180
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,070
Under 5 years	265
5 to 14 years	335
15 to 24 years	390
25 to 44 years	920
45 years and over	160
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,070
Americas	240
Brazil	25
Colombia	15
El Salvador	0
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	35
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10
United States of America	120
Other places of birth in Americas	35
Europe	795
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	0
France	15
Germany	65
Greece	10
Hungary	0
Italy	25
Netherlands	40
Poland	20
Portugal	15
Romania	35
Russian Federation	15
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	400
Other places of birth in Europe	100
Africa	135
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	25
Morocco	0
Nigeria	35
Somalia	10
South Africa, Republic of	20
Other places of birth in Africa	45
Asia	870
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	25
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	115
Hong Kong⁹¹	45
Korea, South⁹²	15
Taiwan	20
Philippines	145
Viet Nam	20
Bangladesh	0
India	290
Pakistan	55
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	105
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	35
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	360
Americas	45
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	65
France	0
Germany	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15
Other places of birth in Europe	15
Africa	60
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	35
Somalia	10
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	195
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	70
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	45
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	11,260
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,365
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,400
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,500
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,440
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	830
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	385
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	445
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	485
Refugees¹⁰⁸	115
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,440
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	225
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	145
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	940
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	11,260
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,980
South Asian	655
Chinese	470
Black	205
Filipino	175
Arab	50
Latin American	100
Southeast Asian	95
West Asian	55
Korean	30
Japanese	115
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15
Multiple visible minorities	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	9,280
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	11,265
Canadian	1,205
English	3,455
Irish	1,915
Scottish	2,615
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,025
German	1,405
Chinese	435
Italian	350
Indian (India)	380
Ukrainian	690
Dutch	535
Polish	455
Québécois	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	670
Filipino	160
French Canadian	85
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	185
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	160
Métis	305
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	395
Russian	275
Norwegian	360
Welsh	245
Portuguese	115
American	150
Spanish	165
Swedish	285
Hungarian	120
Acadian	35
Pakistani	60
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	55
Jewish	60
Punjabi	15
Vietnamese	90
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20
Greek	35
Jamaican	15
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95
Korean	40
Romanian	90
Lebanese	20
Iranian	45
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	30
Danish	225
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	25
Sikh	0
Austrian	190
Belgian	90
Haitian	0
Hindu	65
Mexican	110
Mennonite	40
Swiss	65
Finnish	120
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	45
Japanese	115
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	100
Muslim	25
Egyptian	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20
Tamil	10
Icelandic	120
Colombian	50
Moroccan	0
Czech	80
Syrian	0
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10
Serbian	30
Ojibway	70
Newfoundlander	10
Hong Konger	35
Ontarian	0
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10
Turkish	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	20
Nigerian	0
Armenian	15
Slovak	25
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70
Somali	0
Taiwanese	20
Iraqi	10
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	35
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10
Lithuanian	15
South African	10
Australian	45
Palestinian	0
Chilean	10
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	0
Ethiopian	35
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	0
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35
Bulgarian	35
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	10
Barbadian	0
African American	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	0
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	10
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0
British Columbian	25
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	15
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	20
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	10
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	11,260
Buddhist	90
Christian	3,890
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	760
Anabaptist	25
Anglican	600
Baptist	150
Catholic	1,300
Christian Orthodox	120
Jehovah's Witness	30
Latter Day Saints	35
Lutheran	95
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	90
Presbyterian	125
Reformed	15
United Church	350
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	180
Hindu	185
Jewish	40
Muslim	195
Sikh	170
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	165
No religion and secular perspectives	6,535
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	11,165
Non-movers	9,790
Movers	1,375
Non-migrants	865
Migrants	515
Internal migrants	430
Intraprovincial migrants	235
Interprovincial migrants	195
External migrants	80
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	10,740
Non-movers	6,000
Movers	4,740
Non-migrants	625
Migrants	4,115
Internal migrants	3,745
Intraprovincial migrants	2,885
Interprovincial migrants	860
External migrants	370
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,645
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,175
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,470
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,265
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	485
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,780
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,645
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,005
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,600
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,040
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,105
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	725
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	255
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	465
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,015
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	370
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,935
Bachelor's degree	1,895
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	200
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55
Master's degree	670
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,270
No certificate, diploma or degree	380
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,345
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,540
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,190
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	450
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	140
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	305
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,505
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	240
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,350
Bachelor's degree	1,560
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	140
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40
Master's degree	545
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,645
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,605
Education	385
13. Education	385
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	210
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25
50. Visual and performing arts	180
Humanities	345
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30
23. English language and literature/letters	85
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	130
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	20
54. History	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	790
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	145
22. Legal professions and studies	95
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20
42. Psychology	120
45. Social sciences	315
Business, management and public administration	1,340
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	130
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,210
Physical and life sciences and technologies	280
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	110
41. Science technologies/technicians	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	290
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	250
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,090
04. Architecture and related services	35
14. Engineering	215
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	265
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	290
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	150
48. Precision production	135
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	125
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	50
Health and related fields	885
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	815
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	305
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	140
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	95
49. Transportation and materials moving	45
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,725
Education	215
13. Education	215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	160
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15
50. Visual and performing arts	145
Humanities	250
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15
23. English language and literature/letters	60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	10
54. History	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	640
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	75
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	115
22. Legal professions and studies	85
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25
42. Psychology	70
45. Social sciences	265
Business, management and public administration	1,060
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	95
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	965
Physical and life sciences and technologies	240
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	95
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	260
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	230
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	700
04. Architecture and related services	15
14. Engineering	160
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	145
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	190
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	105
48. Precision production	85
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	95
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	65
03. Natural resources and conservation	30
Health and related fields	685
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	620
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	240
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	120
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	75
49. Transportation and materials moving	30
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	6,270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,725
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	4,545
Location of study inside Canada	3,755
Same as province or territory of residence	2,755
Different than province or territory of residence	1,000
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	790
Americas	190
United States of America	130
Mexico	30
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	20
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0
Europe	235
Belgium	0
France	0
Germany	10
Netherlands	10
Switzerland	15
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	15
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	40
Africa	35
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Other locations of study in Africa	15
Asia	305
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	30
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	10
Philippines	85
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	120
Pakistan	15
Other locations of study in Asia	20
Oceania	20
Australia	15
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	9,645
In the labour force	6,245
Employed	5,895
Unemployed	350
Not in the labour force	3,400
Participation rate	64.7
Employment rate	61.1
Unemployment rate	5.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	9,645
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,285
Worked	6,355
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,560
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,800
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	6,245
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	85
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	6,160
Employee	5,315
Permanent position	4,680
Temporary position	640
Fixed term (1 year or more)	245
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	400
Self-employed¹⁹²	845
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	6,245
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	85
All occupations¹⁹¹	6,160
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	80
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,160
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	620
3 Health occupations	580
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,025
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	210
6 Sales and service occupations	1,495
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	840
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	80
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	80
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	6,245
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	85
All industries¹⁹¹	6,160
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15
22 Utilities	25
23 Construction	435
31-33 Manufacturing	195
41 Wholesale trade	90
44-45 Retail trade	750
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	240
51 Information and cultural industries	125
52 Finance and insurance	250
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	495
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	235
61 Educational services	430
62 Health care and social assistance	955
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	125
72 Accommodation and food services	390
81 Other services (except public administration)	230
91 Public administration	1,065
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	6,815
English	6,635
French	10
Non-official language	25
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	25
English and French	80
English and non-official language(s)	65
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	6,815
Single responses	6,795
Official languages	6,770
English	6,755
French	15
Non-official languages	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30
Chinese languages	30
Hakka	0
Mandarin	10
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	20
English and French	15
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	6,815
None	6,685
English	10
French	55
Non-official language	55
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	55
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	5,895
Worked at home	1,520
Worked outside Canada	15
No fixed workplace address	745
Usual place of work	3,610
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,605
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,780
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	80
Commute to a different province or territory	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	4,355
Car, truck or van	3,425
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,165
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	255
Public transit	355
Walked	235
Bicycle	180
Other method	160
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	4,355
Less than 15 minutes	1,425
15 to 29 minutes	2,070
30 to 44 minutes	595
45 to 59 minutes	140
60 minutes and over	120
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	4,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	225
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	685
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,275
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,060
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	550
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	560
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,975
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	160
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,810
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,440
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	120
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	85
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	35
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,320

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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