Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Duncan, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	5,047	...	...
Population, 2016¹	4,944	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	2,620	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	2,454	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,444.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2.06	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	5,050	2,230	2,820
0 to 14 years	665	325	340
0 to 4 years	210	105	110
5 to 9 years	230	110	120
10 to 14 years	225	115	110
15 to 64 years	2,565	1,180	1,385
15 to 19 years	190	85	105
20 to 24 years	175	90	80
25 to 29 years	240	120	125
30 to 34 years	275	125	145
35 to 39 years	280	130	145
40 to 44 years	230	105	120
45 to 49 years	200	95	110
50 to 54 years	245	105	135
55 to 59 years	355	160	200
60 to 64 years	390	165	225
65 years and over	1,815	720	1,095
65 to 69 years	360	155	205
70 to 74 years	400	160	230
75 to 79 years	270	105	165
80 to 84 years	320	125	190
85 years and over	465	170	295
85 to 89 years	245	125	120
90 to 94 years	185	40	150
95 to 99 years	30	5	25
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.2	14.6	12.1
15 to 64 years	50.8	52.9	49.1
65 years and over	35.9	32.3	38.8
85 years and over	9.2	7.6	10.5
Average age of the population	51.0	48.7	52.8
Median age of the population	55.6	52.0	57.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	2,455	...	...
Single-detached house	1,025	...	...
Semi-detached house	95	...	...
Row house	195	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	55	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	2,455	...	...
1 person	1,165	...	...
2 persons	780	...	...
3 persons	265	...	...
4 persons	145	...	...
5 or more persons	95	...	...
Number of persons in private households	4,645	2,065	2,580
Average household size	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	4,380	1,900	2,480
Married or living common-law	2,000	1,010	990
Married	1,505	765	735
Living common-law	500	245	250
Living common law - Never married	325	155	170
Living common law - Separated	30	20	5
Living common law - Divorced	125	65	65
Living common law - Widowed	20	5	10
Not married and not living common-law	2,375	885	1,495
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,095	540	555
Not married and not living common law - Separated	160	60	100
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	550	190	360
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	575	100	475
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,180	...	...
2 persons	755	...	...
3 persons	215	...	...
4 persons	140	...	...
5 or more persons	80	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,180	...	...
Total couple families	900	...	...
Married couples	650	...	...
With children⁶	225	...	...
Without children	430	...	...
Common-law couples	250	...	...
With children⁶	100	...	...
Without children	150	...	...
Total one-parent families	285	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	220	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	65	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	4,645	2,065	2,580
Total - Persons in census families	3,115	1,475	1,640
Married spouses or common-law partners	1,800	895	905
Parents in one-parent families	280	60	220
Children⁶	1,035	525	515
In a two-parent family	590	295	295
In a one-parent family	445	225	215
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,530	595	940
Living alone	1,165	400	765
Living with other relatives⁷	100	45	55
Living with non-relatives only	265	145	115
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	2,450	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,075	...	...
Couple-family households	840	...	...
With children⁶	295	...	...
Without children	545	...	...
One-parent-family households	240	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	25	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	60	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	125	...	...
One-person households	1,165	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	3,980	1,740	2,240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,900	1,700	2,195
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,000	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,910	1,705	2,205
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,800	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,235	1,420	1,815
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,800	33,200	21,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,215	1,040	1,180
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	36,400	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,565	1,500	2,060
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	15,500	14,600	16,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	335	150	185
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	925	385	535
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	3,980	1,740	2,240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,910	1,725	2,190
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,600	43,360	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,910	1,725	2,190
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,560	38,680	34,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,265	1,465	1,800
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,920	37,280	29,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,220	1,055	1,165
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,280	39,100	33,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,585	1,525	2,060
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,340	13,260	15,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	310	145	165
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,400	6,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	985	420	565
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,120	9,200	9,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	3,980	1,740	2,240
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	935	485	450
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	52,400	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,500	57,600	55,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	995	410	585
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	23,600	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,120	26,800	20,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	67.6	73.0	62.9
Employment income (%)¹⁹	50.7	55.0	46.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	32.4	27.0	37.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.0	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.4	6.5	8.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7	5.2	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	3,980	1,740	2,240
Without total income	80	40	45
With total income	3,895	1,700	2,200
Under $10,000 (including loss)	255	120	135
$10,000 to $19,999	550	225	320
$20,000 to $29,999	850	300	545
$30,000 to $39,999	625	250	375
$40,000 to $49,999	500	210	290
$50,000 to $59,999	390	180	215
$60,000 to $69,999	260	145	115
$70,000 to $79,999	180	95	90
$80,000 to $89,999	115	60	55
$90,000 to $99,999	65	40	25
$100,000 and over	110	75	35
$100,000 to $149,999	95	60	30
$150,000 and over	20	15	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	3,980	1,740	2,240
Without after-tax income	70	35	35
With after-tax income	3,910	1,705	2,205
Under $10,000 (including loss)	270	120	145
$10,000 to $19,999	570	235	340
$20,000 to $29,999	915	330	585
$30,000 to $39,999	720	310	410
$40,000 to $49,999	565	230	335
$50,000 to $59,999	365	195	170
$60,000 to $69,999	235	110	120
$70,000 to $79,999	130	75	55
$80,000 to $89,999	65	45	20
$90,000 to $99,999	25	15	5
$100,000 and over	50	25	20
$100,000 to $124,999	30	15	15
$125,000 and over	15	10	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	3,980	1,740	2,240
Without employment income	1,765	700	1,065
With employment income	2,220	1,040	1,175
Under $5,000 (including loss)	330	150	185
$5,000 to $9,999	180	70	110
$10,000 to $19,999	310	115	200
$20,000 to $29,999	265	105	165
$30,000 to $39,999	275	130	140
$40,000 to $49,999	215	115	95
$50,000 to $59,999	215	100	115
$60,000 to $69,999	130	85	50
$70,000 to $79,999	90	50	40
$80,000 to $89,999	85	45	35
$90,000 to $99,999	50	30	15
$100,000 and over	70	55	15
$100,000 to $124,999	40	30	10
$125,000 and over	30	20	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	3,980	1,740	2,240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,825	1,670	2,155
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,200	29,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,835	1,670	2,165
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	32,400	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,235	1,425	1,810
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,000	33,600	22,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,435	1,130	1,310
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	34,400	24,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,090	1,240	1,860
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	13,400	14,000	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	270	115	155
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,480	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	3,980	1,740	2,240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,855	1,690	2,165
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,640	41,880	34,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,860	1,690	2,165
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,480	36,880	30,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,270	1,460	1,810
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,360	38,840	28,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,470	1,140	1,330
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,520	38,300	29,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,080	1,230	1,850
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,660	11,280	11,910
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	205	70	135
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,000	6,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	3,980	1,740	2,240
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	905	460	445
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	49,600	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,900	57,800	49,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	985	400	585
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	30,200	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,900	35,800	22,500
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	75.2	80.4	70.4
Employment income (%)	57.0	61.6	52.7
Government transfers (%)	24.8	19.6	29.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	2,455	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,165	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	2,455	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,165	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,290	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	2,455	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	90	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	235	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	165	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	135	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	145	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	150	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	160	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	245	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	185	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	145	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	105	...	...
$100,000 and over	420	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	190	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	115	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	75	...	...
$200,000 and over	35	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	2,455	...	...
Under $5,000	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	95	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	245	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	160	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	170	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	175	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	165	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	260	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	220	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	180	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	130	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	105	...	...
$100,000 and over	300	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	180	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	75	...	...
$150,000 and over	50	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,195	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	560	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	320	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	275	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,430	540	885
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	33,200	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200	31,800	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,180	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	540	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	330	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	265	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,435	560	875
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,240	39,600	40,700
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,320	35,800	36,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	4,650	2,070	2,580
0 to 17 years	785	380	405
0 to 5 years	255	115	135
18 to 64 years	2,435	1,125	1,310
65 years and over	1,425	565	860
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	930	375	555
0 to 17 years	200	100	100
0 to 5 years	75	35	35
18 to 64 years	395	170	225
65 years and over	340	100	235
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	20.1	18.2	21.6
0 to 17 years (%)	25.4	26.8	24.0
0 to 5 years (%)	30.0	32.0	28.0
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	15.2	17.0
65 years and over (%)	23.7	18.0	27.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	4,645	2,065	2,580
0 to 17 years	785	375	410
0 to 5 years	250	120	135
18 to 64 years	2,435	1,120	1,315
65 years and over	1,425	565	865
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	160	85	75
0 to 17 years	30	20	10
0 to 5 years	10	10	5
18 to 64 years	105	60	50
65 years and over	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	4.0	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	5.0	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	6.0	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	5.2	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.2	0.8	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	4,645	2,065	2,580
In bottom half of the distribution	3,285	1,425	1,855
In bottom decile	800	340	460
In second decile	770	310	455
In third decile	670	295	375
In fourth decile	585	255	330
In fifth decile	465	225	240
In top half of the distribution	1,360	640	720
In sixth decile	425	200	225
In seventh decile	390	170	220
In eighth decile	255	125	130
In ninth decile	195	95	100
In top decile	95	50	55
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	4,645	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.481	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.257	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	4,755	2,100	2,655
English only	4,455	1,980	2,470
French only	0	0	0
English and French	290	120	175
Neither English nor French	15	0	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	4,755	2,100	2,655
English	4,685	2,070	2,615
French	55	25	35
English and French	5	5	0
Neither English nor French	10	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	4,755	2,100	2,655
Single responses	4,660	2,065	2,595
Official languages	4,335	1,945	2,395
English	4,275	1,915	2,365
French	65	35	35
Non-official languages	325	120	200
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	10	5	5
Halkomelem	10	5	5
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	310	120	195
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	210	80	130
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	5	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	5	15
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5
Russian	10	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	5
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	110	35	80
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	55	15	40
German	55	15	40
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	15	35
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	45	15	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5
Danish	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	5
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	10
Portuguese	5	5	0
Romanian	0	5	0
Spanish	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0
Korean	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15
Chinese languages	25	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	100	40	55
English and French	25	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	65	20	40
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	4,755	2,100	2,655
English	4,420	1,965	2,455
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	40	15	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	15	25
English and French	50	20	25
English and non-official language(s)	235	95	145
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	4,755	2,100	2,655
Single responses	4,715	2,085	2,625
Official languages	4,625	2,050	2,575
English	4,615	2,045	2,570
French	10	0	5
Non-official languages	90	40	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	35	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	25
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5
German	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	5
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10
Chinese languages	15	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	15	25
English and French	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	40	10	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	4,755	2,100	2,655
None	4,495	1,995	2,500
English	40	20	25
French	35	20	15
Non-official language	140	50	90
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	20
Non-Indigenous	110	35	75
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	4,645	2,065	2,580
Official languages	4,640	2,065	2,575
English	4,640	2,065	2,575
French	330	155	170
Non-official languages	505	205	300
Indigenous languages³⁹	140	65	70
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	130	65	65
Halkomelem	130	65	65
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	405	155	255
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	0	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	0	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	285	110	175
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	15	30
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	0	15
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	10	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	135	40	90
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	75	35	40
German	75	35	40
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	10	45
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	50	10	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10
Danish	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	25	10
Indo-Aryan languages	30	20	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	20	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	15	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	30	55
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	0	15
Portuguese	10	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	75	30	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	20
American Sign Language	35	15	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10
Chinese languages	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	4,645	2,065	2,580
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	760	335	425
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	745	335	410
First Nations (North American Indian)	625	285	340
Métis	120	50	70
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	3,890	1,730	2,155
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	4,645	2,065	2,580
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	480	215	270
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,165	1,855	2,310
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	2,455	...	...
Owner	1,415	...	...
Renter	1,040	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	2,455	...	...
Condominium	600	...	...
Not condominium	1,855	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	2,455	...	...
No bedrooms	35	...	...
1 bedroom	475	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,025	...	...
3 bedrooms	675	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	2,455	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,010	...	...
5 rooms	555	...	...
6 rooms	370	...	...
7 rooms	220	...	...
8 or more rooms	305	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	2,455	...	...
One person or fewer per room	2,415	...	...
More than one person per room	40	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	2,455	...	...
Suitable	2,335	...	...
Not suitable	120	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	2,455	...	...
1960 or before	650	...	...
1961 to 1980	855	...	...
1981 to 1990	250	...	...
1991 to 2000	420	...	...
2001 to 2005	40	...	...
2006 to 2010	105	...	...
2011 to 2015	65	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	2,455	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	2,310	...	...
Major repairs needed	140	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	2,455	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,560	...	...
Two-maintainer household	850	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	45	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	2,455	...	...
15 to 24 years	70	...	...
25 to 34 years	280	...	...
35 to 44 years	270	...	...
45 to 54 years	290	...	...
55 to 64 years	505	...	...
65 to 74 years	515	...	...
75 to 84 years	345	...	...
85 years and over	185	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	2,445	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,765	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	680	...	...
30% to less than 100%	640	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	2,455	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	600	...	...
Not suitable only	90	...	...
Major repairs needed only	90	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	1,590	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	2,410	...	...
In core need	405	...	...
Not in core need	2,000	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,410	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,001	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	423,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,045	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	45.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	30.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,108	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	4,650	2,065	2,580
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	415	180	235
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	410	175	235
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	380	160	220
Métis single ancestry	25	10	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	320	140	185
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	305	140	170
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	270	120	155
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	15	20
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	3,910	1,750	2,160
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	4,645	2,065	2,580
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	4,545	2,010	2,530
Canadian citizens aged under 18	780	375	410
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,760	1,640	2,120
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	105	55	45
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	4,645	2,065	2,580
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	4,125	1,875	2,250
Immigrants⁸¹	510	185	330
Before 1980	325	105	215
1980 to 1990	55	15	35
1991 to 2000	45	25	20
2001 to 2010	35	15	25
2011 to 2021⁸²	50	30	25
2011 to 2015	20	15	10
2016 to 2021	30	15	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	515	185	330
Under 5 years	65	25	45
5 to 14 years	75	15	55
15 to 24 years	105	40	65
25 to 44 years	235	90	145
45 years and over	35	20	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	515	185	330
Americas	95	40	55
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	15	15	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	70	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10
Europe	290	100	190
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	55	15	35
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	10	0	10
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	45	25	25
Poland	10	0	10
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140	40	95
Other places of birth in Europe	25	0	15
Africa	35	10	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	20	0	15
Asia	75	20	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	30	0	30
Viet Nam	0	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	20	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	35	15	20
Americas	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	15	0	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	15
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	4,645	2,065	2,580
First generation¹⁰⁰	595	235	360
Second generation¹⁰¹	910	455	460
Third generation or more¹⁰²	3,140	1,375	1,760
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	185	80	110
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	75	25	45
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	15	30
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	30	10	25
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	100	55	50
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	185	80	110
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	55	40	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	0	20
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	100	40	60
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	4,645	2,065	2,580
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	265	120	140
South Asian	40	30	15
Chinese	20	15	0
Black	55	30	35
Filipino	50	10	45
Arab	0	0	0
Latin American	20	10	10
Southeast Asian	10	0	10
West Asian	10	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	25	15	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	4,385	1,945	2,435
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	4,645	2,070	2,580
Canadian	550	270	280
English	1,565	625	940
Irish	865	320	545
Scottish	1,130	475	655
French, n.o.s.¹²²	520	235	285
German	570	245	330
Chinese	55	25	25
Italian	90	35	55
Indian (India)	40	25	15
Ukrainian	215	90	125
Dutch	200	105	105
Polish	110	35	70
Québécois	15	15	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	195	80	115
Filipino	70	20	50
French Canadian	80	25	50
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	45	30	15
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	180	70	115
Métis	85	35	50
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	145	65	80
Russian	90	55	40
Norwegian	175	70	105
Welsh	120	35	85
Portuguese	65	10	55
American	95	40	50
Spanish	35	15	20
Swedish	125	50	70
Hungarian	45	15	30
Acadian	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	15	10
Jewish	25	0	25
Punjabi	10	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Jamaican	15	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	85	40	45
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	15	10	10
Lebanese	10	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0
Danish	120	50	65
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	40	15	20
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	100	65	35
Belgian	20	0	10
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	15	10	0
Mennonite	20	10	0
Swiss	35	15	20
Finnish	35	15	20
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	10	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	60	25	30
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	25	15	10
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	15	0	15
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	25	20	10
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	15
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	10	10
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	0	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	30	25	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	10	10
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	45	35	15
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	10	10
New Zealander	15	0	10
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	4,645	2,065	2,580
Buddhist	20	0	20
Christian	1,590	640	950
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	310	135	175
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	230	95	135
Baptist	75	20	50
Catholic	420	160	260
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	40	10	30
Latter Day Saints	10	0	10
Lutheran	50	35	15
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	50	25	30
Presbyterian	20	10	10
Reformed	20	10	10
United Church	210	75	135
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	130	55	75
Hindu	0	0	0
Jewish	25	15	10
Muslim	15	15	0
Sikh	30	15	15
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45	20	25
Other religions and spiritual traditions	140	30	110
No religion and secular perspectives	2,780	1,320	1,455
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	4,605	2,045	2,560
Non-movers	3,845	1,685	2,160
Movers	755	365	400
Non-migrants	425	190	235
Migrants	330	170	165
Internal migrants	325	170	160
Intraprovincial migrants	280	155	120
Interprovincial migrants	50	15	35
External migrants	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	4,450	1,960	2,485
Non-movers	2,230	965	1,265
Movers	2,220	995	1,220
Non-migrants	440	215	225
Migrants	1,780	785	995
Internal migrants	1,725	760	965
Intraprovincial migrants	1,495	655	845
Interprovincial migrants	235	105	130
External migrants	45	25	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,980	1,740	2,240
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	875	435	440
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,100	1,305	1,800
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,205	995	1,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	390	200	185
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,810	795	1,015
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,980	1,740	2,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	720	345	375
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,285	565	725
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,975	835	1,140
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,380	595	780
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	385	275	110
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	185	110	75
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	200	165	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	830	270	560
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	160	55	110
Bachelor's degree or higher	600	240	360
Bachelor's degree	385	135	245
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	55	30	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	0	10
Master's degree	140	60	80
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,200	1,000	1,205
No certificate, diploma or degree	325	160	160
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	755	395	355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,130	445	685
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	770	315	450
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	190	130	60
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	100	60	40
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	90	75	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	495	165	330
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	85	20	65
Bachelor's degree or higher	360	125	235
Bachelor's degree	250	90	155
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	15	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10
Master's degree	70	20	45
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	3,980	1,740	2,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,005	905	1,100
Education	155	55	100
13. Education	155	55	100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	75	20	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	60	15	50
Humanities	90	25	60
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	15	0	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	220	85	135
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	80	15	65
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	0
42. Psychology	50	25	25
45. Social sciences	55	35	20
Business, management and public administration	330	90	235
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	35	20	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	290	70	225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	65	35	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	15	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	10	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	40	20	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	20	15
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	385	350	35
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	0
14. Engineering	25	25	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	60	50	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	135	135	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	100	95	10
48. Precision production	45	40	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	70	55	20
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	40	20	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	30	0
Health and related fields	415	45	365
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	390	40	350
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	130	50	75
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	100	20	75
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,200	995	1,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,075	555	520
Education	95	20	70
13. Education	95	20	70
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	30	10	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	0	15
Humanities	45	10	35
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	130	60	65
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	35	0	30
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	10	0
42. Psychology	35	25	15
45. Social sciences	40	25	10
Business, management and public administration	210	50	155
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	195	50	150
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	0	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	20	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	20	15
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	190	160	35
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	0
14. Engineering	15	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	35	25	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	75	70	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	45	40	0
48. Precision production	10	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	45	25	20
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	30	15	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0
Health and related fields	235	35	200
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	15	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	215	30	190
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	85	40	40
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	65	25	40
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	2,200	995	1,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,075	555	520
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,130	440	685
Location of study inside Canada	1,040	405	635
Same as province or territory of residence	845	335	510
Different than province or territory of residence	190	70	120
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	90	35	55
Americas	30	15	15
United States of America	30	15	15
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	35	10	25
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	25	0	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	3,980	1,740	2,240
In the labour force	2,000	955	1,045
Employed	1,805	850	960
Unemployed	190	110	85
Not in the labour force	1,980	780	1,195
Participation rate	50.3	54.9	46.7
Employment rate	45.4	48.9	42.9
Unemployment rate	9.5	11.5	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	3,980	1,740	2,240
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,955	800	1,150
Worked	2,025	940	1,085
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	950	490	460
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,075	450	630
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	41.6	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	2,000	955	1,040
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	35	20	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,970	935	1,030
Employee	1,595	750	840
Permanent position	1,380	670	710
Temporary position	215	85	135
Fixed term (1 year or more)	75	30	45
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	135	55	85
Self-employed¹⁹²	375	185	185
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	2,000	955	1,040
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	35	20	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,970	935	1,030
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	255	65	195
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	100	60	35
3 Health occupations	155	15	140
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	210	60	155
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	70	20	50
6 Sales and service occupations	640	270	370
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	375	330	40
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	65	50	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	95	65	30
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	2,000	955	1,040
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	35	20	10
All industries¹⁹¹	1,970	935	1,030
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	40	35	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0
23 Construction	190	155	40
31-33 Manufacturing	150	105	45
41 Wholesale trade	15	10	0
44-45 Retail trade	290	120	170
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	45	40	0
51 Information and cultural industries	30	20	15
52 Finance and insurance	40	15	30
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	25	10	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	95	35	65
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	130	80	45
61 Educational services	145	50	100
62 Health care and social assistance	295	50	245
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	50	30	25
72 Accommodation and food services	210	85	125
81 Other services (except public administration)	120	60	60
91 Public administration	90	35	55
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	2,175	1,010	1,160
English	2,130	990	1,135
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	25	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	2,175	1,010	1,160
Single responses	2,165	1,005	1,160
Official languages	2,165	1,005	1,160
English	2,165	1,005	1,155
French	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	2,175	1,010	1,160
None	2,140	1,000	1,140
English	0	0	0
French	20	15	10
Non-official language	15	0	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,810	850	960
Worked at home	225	90	135
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	295	200	100
Usual place of work	1,280	555	725
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	1,285	555	725
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	335	115	220
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	765	345	420
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	180	90	90
Commute to a different province or territory	10	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	1,580	755	825
Car, truck or van	1,330	675	660
Car, truck or van - as a driver	1,225	615	610
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	105	55	50
Public transit	25	10	15
Walked	190	55	135
Bicycle	15	0	10
Other method	20	10	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	1,580	755	825
Less than 15 minutes	790	330	465
15 to 29 minutes	500	240	260
30 to 44 minutes	95	70	30
45 to 59 minutes	85	55	25
60 minutes and over	115	65	50
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	1,580	755	825
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	95	70	30
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	215	135	80
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	405	215	185
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	370	150	215
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	260	65	195
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	245	120	120
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	795	380	415
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	30	35
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	730	355	380
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	565	275	295
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	20	30
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	25	10	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	10	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	520	250	270

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table