Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Comox, Town (T)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	14,806
Population, 2016¹	14,028
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5
Total private dwellings²	6,672
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	6,442
Population density per square kilometre	877.7
Land area in square kilometres	16.87
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	14,810
0 to 14 years	2,060
0 to 4 years	515
5 to 9 years	750
10 to 14 years	795
15 to 64 years	8,015
15 to 19 years	720
20 to 24 years	575
25 to 29 years	525
30 to 34 years	615
35 to 39 years	810
40 to 44 years	835
45 to 49 years	850
50 to 54 years	780
55 to 59 years	1,125
60 to 64 years	1,175
65 years and over	4,730
65 to 69 years	1,205
70 to 74 years	1,225
75 to 79 years	940
80 to 84 years	620
85 years and over	735
85 to 89 years	445
90 to 94 years	210
95 to 99 years	70
100 years and over	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9
15 to 64 years	54.1
65 years and over	31.9
85 years and over	5.0
Average age of the population	48.9
Median age of the population	52.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	6,445
Single-detached house	4,240
Semi-detached house	670
Row house	565
Apartment or flat in a duplex	100
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	770
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0
Other single-attached house	5
Movable dwelling⁴	85
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	6,445
1 person	1,895
2 persons	2,700
3 persons	790
4 persons	725
5 or more persons	330
Number of persons in private households	14,330
Average household size	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	12,745
Married or living common-law	7,960
Married	6,615
Living common-law	1,345
Living common law - Never married	800
Living common law - Separated	70
Living common law - Divorced	405
Living common law - Widowed	75
Not married and not living common-law	4,790
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,450
Not married and not living common law - Separated	280
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	985
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,075
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,420
2 persons	2,790
3 persons	720
4 persons	685
5 or more persons	225
Average size of census families	2.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,420
Total couple families	3,875
Married couples	3,205
With children⁶	1,195
Without children	2,010
Common-law couples	670
With children⁶	250
Without children	425
Total one-parent families	545
in which the parent is a woman+	430
in which the parent is a man+	115
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	14,330
Total - Persons in census families	11,665
Married spouses or common-law partners	7,750
Parents in one-parent families	545
Children⁶	3,370
In a two-parent family	2,580
In a one-parent family	785
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,670
Living alone	1,900
Living with other relatives⁷	200
Living with non-relatives only	570
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	6,440
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,025
Couple-family households	3,595
With children⁶	1,325
Without children	2,275
One-parent-family households	430
Multigenerational households⁸	95
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	200
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	195
One-person households	1,900
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	12,280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,985
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,990
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,145
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,360
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,135
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	925
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,300
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	12,280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,945
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,975
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,120
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,360
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,020
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	885
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,150
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	12,280
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,020
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,295
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	12,285
Without total income	300
With total income	11,980
Under $10,000 (including loss)	850
$10,000 to $19,999	1,275
$20,000 to $29,999	1,750
$30,000 to $39,999	1,565
$40,000 to $49,999	1,425
$50,000 to $59,999	1,195
$60,000 to $69,999	1,015
$70,000 to $79,999	820
$80,000 to $89,999	565
$90,000 to $99,999	405
$100,000 and over	1,125
$100,000 to $149,999	795
$150,000 and over	330
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	12,285
Without after-tax income	290
With after-tax income	11,990
Under $10,000 (including loss)	955
$10,000 to $19,999	1,320
$20,000 to $29,999	1,930
$30,000 to $39,999	1,815
$40,000 to $49,999	1,660
$50,000 to $59,999	1,310
$60,000 to $69,999	1,040
$70,000 to $79,999	655
$80,000 to $89,999	435
$90,000 to $99,999	270
$100,000 and over	605
$100,000 to $124,999	330
$125,000 and over	275
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	12,285
Without employment income	4,925
With employment income	7,360
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,115
$5,000 to $9,999	555
$10,000 to $19,999	885
$20,000 to $29,999	730
$30,000 to $39,999	635
$40,000 to $49,999	595
$50,000 to $59,999	540
$60,000 to $69,999	510
$70,000 to $79,999	475
$80,000 to $89,999	340
$90,000 to $99,999	290
$100,000 and over	680
$100,000 to $124,999	355
$125,000 and over	320
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	12,280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,745
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,780
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,045
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,245
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,520
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	770
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	12,280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,680
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,745
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,960
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,170
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,495
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,610
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	730
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	12,280
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,015
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,145
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	84.8
Employment income (%)	58.8
Government transfers (%)	15.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	6,445
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,900
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	4,545
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	6,445
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,895
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,320
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,960
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	4,545
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,400
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	6,445
Under $5,000	30
$5,000 to $9,999	15
$10,000 to $14,999	35
$15,000 to $19,999	85
$20,000 to $24,999	220
$25,000 to $29,999	170
$30,000 to $34,999	185
$35,000 to $39,999	230
$40,000 to $44,999	245
$45,000 to $49,999	260
$50,000 to $59,999	540
$60,000 to $69,999	535
$70,000 to $79,999	525
$80,000 to $89,999	425
$90,000 to $99,999	470
$100,000 and over	2,460
$100,000 to $124,999	830
$125,000 to $149,999	555
$150,000 to $199,999	640
$200,000 and over	435
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	6,445
Under $5,000	45
$5,000 to $9,999	20
$10,000 to $14,999	40
$15,000 to $19,999	85
$20,000 to $24,999	240
$25,000 to $29,999	175
$30,000 to $34,999	240
$35,000 to $39,999	280
$40,000 to $44,999	295
$45,000 to $49,999	300
$50,000 to $59,999	635
$60,000 to $69,999	625
$70,000 to $79,999	525
$80,000 to $89,999	570
$90,000 to $99,999	445
$100,000 and over	1,925
$100,000 to $124,999	790
$125,000 to $149,999	510
$150,000 and over	630
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,390
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,320
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,450
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	520
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,470
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,380
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,300
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,310
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,400
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,470
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	505
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,400
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,435
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	14,330
0 to 17 years	2,505
0 to 5 years	655
18 to 64 years	7,455
65 years and over	4,365
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	990
0 to 17 years	165
0 to 5 years	30
18 to 64 years	455
65 years and over	375
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.5
0 to 5 years (%)	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1
65 years and over (%)	8.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	14,330
0 to 17 years	2,510
0 to 5 years	655
18 to 64 years	7,455
65 years and over	4,370
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	360
0 to 17 years	70
0 to 5 years	10
18 to 64 years	235
65 years and over	55
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	14,330
In bottom half of the distribution	6,680
In bottom decile	965
In second decile	1,080
In third decile	1,440
In fourth decile	1,570
In fifth decile	1,635
In top half of the distribution	7,650
In sixth decile	1,685
In seventh decile	1,755
In eighth decile	1,575
In ninth decile	1,460
In top decile	1,170
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	14,330
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.277
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.381
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.248
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	14,650
English only	12,705
French only	10
English and French	1,930
Neither English nor French	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	14,650
English	14,135
French	475
English and French	35
Neither English nor French	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	14,650
Single responses	14,420
Official languages	13,520
English	13,035
French	485
Non-official languages	900
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	900
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	10
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	60
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	5
Kannada	0
Malayalam	5
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	660
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	115
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	110
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	15
Macedonian	0
Polish	35
Russian	10
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	10
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	370
Frisian	0
High German languages	205
German	185
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	115
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	30
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55
Indo-Aryan languages	50
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	15
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	5
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	5
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110
Catalan	0
Italian	30
Portuguese	15
Romanian	5
Spanish	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	25
Korean	20
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60
Chinese languages	60
Hakka	0
Mandarin	35
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	25
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	230
English and French	100
English and non-official language(s)	115
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	14,650
English	13,470
French	165
Non-official language	115
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	115
English and French	330
English and non-official language(s)	530
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40
Multiple non-official languages	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	14,650
Single responses	14,515
Official languages	14,285
English	14,065
French	215
Non-official languages	230
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	230
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	30
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	10
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	5
Kannada	0
Malayalam	5
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	135
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	25
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	5
Russian	5
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	40
Frisian	0
High German languages	25
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35
Indo-Aryan languages	30
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	10
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35
Catalan	0
Italian	5
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20
Chinese languages	20
Hakka	0
Mandarin	15
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	140
English and French	70
English and non-official language(s)	70
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	14,650
None	13,870
English	145
French	215
Non-official language	350
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	350
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	15
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	25
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	14,330
Official languages	14,305
English	14,300
French	1,910
Non-official languages	1,275
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,275
Afro-Asiatic languages	20
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	20
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	80
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	35
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	935
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	105
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	105
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	45
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	20
Russian	25
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	10
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	30
Irish	20
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	410
Frisian	0
High German languages	285
German	285
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	80
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	45
Danish	25
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	65
Indo-Aryan languages	65
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	10
Hindi	25
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	360
Catalan	0
Italian	70
Portuguese	35
Romanian	0
Spanish	280
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	65
Korean	30
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	10
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60
Chinese languages	60
Hakka	0
Mandarin	25
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	20
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	14,330
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	980
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	955
First Nations (North American Indian)	530
Métis	395
Inuk (Inuit)	30
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10
Non-Indigenous identity	13,355
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	14,330
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	200
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	14,135
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	6,445
Owner	4,975
Renter	1,465
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	6,445
Condominium	1,210
Not condominium	5,235
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	6,445
No bedrooms	0
1 bedroom	370
2 bedrooms	1,755
3 bedrooms	2,665
4 or more bedrooms	1,645
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	6,445
1 to 4 rooms	1,200
5 rooms	1,080
6 rooms	1,085
7 rooms	1,055
8 or more rooms	2,015
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	6,445
One person or fewer per room	6,405
More than one person per room	35
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	6,445
Suitable	6,345
Not suitable	95
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	6,445
1960 or before	585
1961 to 1980	1,970
1981 to 1990	945
1991 to 2000	1,330
2001 to 2005	340
2006 to 2010	685
2011 to 2015	290
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	295
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	6,445
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,195
Major repairs needed	250
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	6,445
One-maintainer household	3,015
Two-maintainer household	3,175
Three-or-more-maintainer household	250
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	6,445
15 to 24 years	85
25 to 34 years	485
35 to 44 years	880
45 to 54 years	900
55 to 64 years	1,285
65 to 74 years	1,405
75 to 84 years	1,050
85 years and over	355
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,425
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,260
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,160
30% to less than 100%	1,110
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	6,440
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,440
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,105
Not suitable only	75
Major repairs needed only	180
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	50
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	5,005
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,370
In core need	465
Not in core need	5,905
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,975
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.5
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,216
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	628,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	663,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,470
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.9
% in core housing need⁶³	18.1
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,263
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	14,330
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	180
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	180
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	145
Métis single ancestry	20
Inuit single ancestry	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	885
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	865
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	520
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	315
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	13,265
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	14,330
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	13,885
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,460
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	11,430
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	440
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	14,330
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	12,480
Immigrants⁸¹	1,760
Before 1980	1,030
1980 to 1990	160
1991 to 2000	150
2001 to 2010	200
2011 to 2021⁸²	215
2011 to 2015	95
2016 to 2021	125
Non-permanent residents⁸³	90
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,760
Under 5 years	265
5 to 14 years	280
15 to 24 years	410
25 to 44 years	710
45 years and over	95
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,760
Americas	270
Brazil	10
Colombia	0
El Salvador	0
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Mexico	15
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	175
Other places of birth in Americas	60
Europe	1,155
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	10
France	40
Germany	120
Greece	0
Hungary	10
Italy	20
Netherlands	40
Poland	15
Portugal	15
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	710
Other places of birth in Europe	160
Africa	70
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	15
Other places of birth in Africa	45
Asia	210
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
Korea, South⁹²	20
Taiwan	0
Philippines	75
Viet Nam	45
Bangladesh	0
India	15
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	45
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	125
Americas	40
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30
Europe	55
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	15
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15
Other places of birth in Europe	10
Africa	0
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	25
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	0
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	14,330
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,090
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,685
Third generation or more¹⁰²	9,555
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	730
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	405
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	185
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	220
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	285
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	730
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	180
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	465
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	14,330
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	700
South Asian	100
Chinese	85
Black	100
Filipino	100
Arab	0
Latin American	30
Southeast Asian	60
West Asian	0
Korean	30
Japanese	95
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25
Multiple visible minorities	80
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	13,625
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	14,330
Canadian	1,705
English	5,245
Irish	2,840
Scottish	3,990
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,580
German	2,030
Chinese	125
Italian	485
Indian (India)	50
Ukrainian	805
Dutch	800
Polish	455
Québécois	90
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,110
Filipino	105
French Canadian	235
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	245
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	375
Métis	360
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	415
Russian	235
Norwegian	590
Welsh	545
Portuguese	40
American	305
Spanish	65
Swedish	495
Hungarian	105
Acadian	70
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35
Jewish	85
Punjabi	0
Vietnamese	65
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0
Greek	60
Jamaican	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	45
Korean	35
Romanian	80
Lebanese	55
Iranian	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	15
Danish	220
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	40
Sikh	0
Austrian	145
Belgian	130
Haitian	0
Hindu	0
Mexican	55
Mennonite	55
Swiss	105
Finnish	90
Sri Lankan	40
Croatian	55
Japanese	110
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	110
Muslim	0
Egyptian	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	0
Icelandic	150
Colombian	0
Moroccan	0
Czech	65
Syrian	0
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10
Serbian	15
Ojibway	10
Newfoundlander	35
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	15
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	0
Nigerian	0
Armenian	0
Slovak	15
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	35
South African	40
Australian	110
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	15
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	10
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15
Bulgarian	45
Albertan	35
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	35
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	30
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	30
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0
British Columbian	50
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	15
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10
New Zealander	35
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	10
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	15
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	55
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	14,330
Buddhist	70
Christian	5,540
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	990
Anabaptist	25
Anglican	855
Baptist	205
Catholic	1,785
Christian Orthodox	50
Jehovah's Witness	65
Latter Day Saints	40
Lutheran	170
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	145
Presbyterian	95
Reformed	10
United Church	810
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	280
Hindu	25
Jewish	40
Muslim	10
Sikh	35
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	205
No religion and secular perspectives	8,415
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	14,230
Non-movers	12,535
Movers	1,690
Non-migrants	580
Migrants	1,115
Internal migrants	1,015
Intraprovincial migrants	770
Interprovincial migrants	245
External migrants	100
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	13,820
Non-movers	8,020
Movers	5,800
Non-migrants	1,035
Migrants	4,765
Internal migrants	4,455
Intraprovincial migrants	3,055
Interprovincial migrants	1,405
External migrants	310
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,280
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,590
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,695
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,665
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	410
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,250
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,285
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,350
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,710
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,220
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,075
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	490
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	595
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,655
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	395
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,095
Bachelor's degree	1,845
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	210
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150
Master's degree	790
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,670
No certificate, diploma or degree	320
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,750
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,600
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,575
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	625
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	295
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	325
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,705
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	245
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,030
Bachelor's degree	1,265
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	110
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	110
Master's degree	495
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,285
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,065
Education	700
13. Education	700
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	295
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50
50. Visual and performing arts	240
Humanities	350
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25
23. English language and literature/letters	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	45
54. History	55
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	780
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135
22. Legal professions and studies	105
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20
42. Psychology	185
45. Social sciences	280
Business, management and public administration	1,200
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	150
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,045
Physical and life sciences and technologies	260
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	85
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	145
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	80
25. Library science	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,300
04. Architecture and related services	55
14. Engineering	205
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	305
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	370
48. Precision production	100
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	235
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	115
03. Natural resources and conservation	120
Health and related fields	1,465
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	85
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,320
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	485
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45
43. Security and protective services	110
49. Transportation and materials moving	165
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,665
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,070
Education	370
13. Education	370
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	220
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25
50. Visual and performing arts	190
Humanities	195
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0
23. English language and literature/letters	50
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	15
54. History	30
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	540
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	100
22. Legal professions and studies	65
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20
42. Psychology	145
45. Social sciences	165
Business, management and public administration	805
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	95
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	715
Physical and life sciences and technologies	165
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	50
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	95
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	60
25. Library science	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	765
04. Architecture and related services	30
14. Engineering	115
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	140
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	190
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	225
48. Precision production	65
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	175
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	80
Health and related fields	955
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	840
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	305
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	125
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	100
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	6,665
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,070
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	4,595
Location of study inside Canada	4,175
Same as province or territory of residence	2,665
Different than province or territory of residence	1,505
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	430
Americas	135
United States of America	125
Mexico	0
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10
Europe	205
Belgium	0
France	20
Germany	20
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	25
Africa	10
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10
Asia	50
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	0
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	0
Philippines	25
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	0
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0
Oceania	25
Australia	15
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	12,285
In the labour force	6,455
Employed	6,015
Unemployed	435
Not in the labour force	5,830
Participation rate	52.5
Employment rate	49.0
Unemployment rate	6.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	12,285
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,635
Worked	6,645
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,115
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,530
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	6,450
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	80
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	6,370
Employee	5,245
Permanent position	4,390
Temporary position	855
Fixed term (1 year or more)	245
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	610
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,130
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	6,450
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	80
All occupations¹⁹¹	6,370
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	45
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	890
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	420
3 Health occupations	700
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,035
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	265
6 Sales and service occupations	1,740
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	975
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	210
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	95
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	6,450
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	80
All industries¹⁹¹	6,370
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	165
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70
22 Utilities	35
23 Construction	500
31-33 Manufacturing	185
41 Wholesale trade	120
44-45 Retail trade	890
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	235
51 Information and cultural industries	90
52 Finance and insurance	140
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	140
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	440
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	205
61 Educational services	500
62 Health care and social assistance	1,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	175
72 Accommodation and food services	430
81 Other services (except public administration)	175
91 Public administration	835
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	7,135
English	6,850
French	30
Non-official language	0
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	0
English and French	210
English and non-official language(s)	35
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	7,135
Single responses	7,105
Official languages	7,090
English	7,050
French	40
Non-official languages	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	30
English and French	25
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	7,135
None	6,915
English	20
French	180
Non-official language	20
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	20
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	6,010
Worked at home	925
Worked outside Canada	20
No fixed workplace address	835
Usual place of work	4,235
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,235
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,615
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,210
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	360
Commute to a different province or territory	60
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,075
Car, truck or van	4,275
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,980
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	300
Public transit	115
Walked	265
Bicycle	215
Other method	200
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,075
Less than 15 minutes	2,810
15 to 29 minutes	1,595
30 to 44 minutes	255
45 to 59 minutes	140
60 minutes and over	275
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,075
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	265
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	785
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,390
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,230
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	585
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,560
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	445
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,115
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,005
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	355
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	250
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	100
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,655

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 11, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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