Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Courtenay, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	28,420	...	...
Population, 2016¹	25,639^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	13,414	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	12,992	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	876.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	32.42	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	28,420	13,490	14,925
0 to 14 years	3,850	1,975	1,870
0 to 4 years	1,100	555	550
5 to 9 years	1,380	685	700
10 to 14 years	1,370	740	625
15 to 64 years	16,540	7,930	8,615
15 to 19 years	1,310	695	615
20 to 24 years	1,295	665	635
25 to 29 years	1,585	785	800
30 to 34 years	1,665	820	845
35 to 39 years	1,750	840	910
40 to 44 years	1,575	745	830
45 to 49 years	1,550	730	820
50 to 54 years	1,600	720	880
55 to 59 years	1,980	910	1,075
60 to 64 years	2,230	1,020	1,205
65 years and over	8,030	3,590	4,440
65 to 69 years	2,185	905	1,280
70 to 74 years	2,205	1,010	1,200
75 to 79 years	1,560	735	830
80 to 84 years	1,050	500	545
85 years and over	1,020	430	590
85 to 89 years	655	285	375
90 to 94 years	265	120	150
95 to 99 years	85	25	55
100 years and over	15	5	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.5	14.6	12.5
15 to 64 years	58.2	58.8	57.7
65 years and over	28.3	26.6	29.7
85 years and over	3.6	3.2	4.0
Average age of the population	46.8	45.5	48.0
Median age of the population	48.8	46.4	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	12,995	...	...
Single-detached house	6,515	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,920	...	...
Row house	970	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	445	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,685	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	385	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	12,990	...	...
1 person	4,265	...	...
2 persons	5,275	...	...
3 persons	1,670	...	...
4 persons	1,190	...	...
5 or more persons	585	...	...
Number of persons in private households	27,810	13,240	14,565
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	24,575	11,515	13,055
Married or living common-law	13,725	6,820	6,900
Married	10,825	5,390	5,430
Living common-law	2,905	1,435	1,475
Living common law - Never married	1,915	930	980
Living common law - Separated	135	70	60
Living common law - Divorced	755	390	370
Living common law - Widowed	100	40	60
Not married and not living common-law	10,845	4,695	6,155
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,075	3,185	2,890
Not married and not living common law - Separated	815	325	490
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,320	805	1,515
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,630	375	1,255
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	8,130	...	...
2 persons	5,185	...	...
3 persons	1,520	...	...
4 persons	1,060	...	...
5 or more persons	370	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	8,125	...	...
Total couple families	6,675	...	...
Married couples	5,240	...	...
With children⁶	1,915	...	...
Without children	3,325	...	...
Common-law couples	1,435	...	...
With children⁶	485	...	...
Without children	955	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,445	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,120	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	325	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	27,810	13,240	14,565
Total - Persons in census families	21,095	10,310	10,780
Married spouses or common-law partners	13,360	6,645	6,715
Parents in one-parent families	1,450	325	1,125
Children⁶	6,285	3,340	2,945
In a two-parent family	4,145	2,190	1,950
In a one-parent family	2,140	1,155	990
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,715	2,930	3,790
Living alone	4,265	1,650	2,620
Living with other relatives⁷	565	245	320
Living with non-relatives only	1,890	1,040	845
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	12,990	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	7,235	...	...
Couple-family households	6,110	...	...
With children⁶	2,140	...	...
Without children	3,970	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,125	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	215	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	450	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	765	...	...
One-person households	4,265	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	23,965	11,270	12,700
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,410	10,995	12,415
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,425	11,000	12,425
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,000	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,915	10,025	10,895
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	38,800	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,865	7,320	7,545
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	38,800	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,525	9,230	11,300
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,200	13,000	13,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,235	1,070	1,160
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,440	5,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,685	2,510	3,170
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	23,980	11,275	12,710
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,420	11,025	12,395
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,680	55,050	41,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,450	11,035	12,410
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,440	47,000	36,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,920	10,030	10,890
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,040	49,480	33,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,870	7,335	7,530
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,440	48,960	34,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,475	9,190	11,285
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,620	12,080	13,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,170	1,055	1,115
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,335	6,250	6,420
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,755	2,600	3,155
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	8,400	8,940
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	23,985	11,275	12,710
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,905	3,285	2,625
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	62,800	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,200	72,900	57,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,905	3,025	3,880
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	23,000	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,040	33,800	23,540
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.8	81.8	71.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.2	59.1	50.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.1	18.3	28.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.1	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	4.6	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.6	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	23,965	11,270	12,695
Without total income	560	275	280
With total income	23,405	10,990	12,410
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,630	635	1,000
$10,000 to $19,999	2,785	1,000	1,790
$20,000 to $29,999	3,985	1,475	2,515
$30,000 to $39,999	3,620	1,555	2,065
$40,000 to $49,999	2,940	1,370	1,575
$50,000 to $59,999	2,360	1,185	1,175
$60,000 to $69,999	1,720	970	750
$70,000 to $79,999	1,260	755	500
$80,000 to $89,999	865	525	340
$90,000 to $99,999	615	385	235
$100,000 and over	1,620	1,150	470
$100,000 to $149,999	1,180	805	375
$150,000 and over	440	345	95
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	23,965	11,270	12,695
Without after-tax income	535	265	270
With after-tax income	23,430	11,005	12,430
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,760	665	1,095
$10,000 to $19,999	2,890	1,040	1,855
$20,000 to $29,999	4,535	1,710	2,830
$30,000 to $39,999	4,070	1,805	2,265
$40,000 to $49,999	3,300	1,630	1,670
$50,000 to $59,999	2,335	1,260	1,075
$60,000 to $69,999	1,635	975	655
$70,000 to $79,999	1,010	610	400
$80,000 to $89,999	635	395	235
$90,000 to $99,999	395	260	130
$100,000 and over	870	660	210
$100,000 to $124,999	485	355	130
$125,000 and over	380	300	75
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	23,965	11,270	12,695
Without employment income	9,100	3,945	5,150
With employment income	14,865	7,320	7,545
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,365	1,040	1,320
$5,000 to $9,999	1,210	455	750
$10,000 to $19,999	1,895	775	1,115
$20,000 to $29,999	1,675	700	975
$30,000 to $39,999	1,605	765	840
$40,000 to $49,999	1,345	640	705
$50,000 to $59,999	1,115	555	560
$60,000 to $69,999	950	580	370
$70,000 to $79,999	715	445	270
$80,000 to $89,999	540	330	215
$90,000 to $99,999	410	250	160
$100,000 and over	1,035	780	255
$100,000 to $124,999	520	360	155
$125,000 and over	515	420	95
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	23,965	11,270	12,700
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,960	10,760	12,200
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,800	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,000	10,760	12,240
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,000	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,880	9,960	10,915
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	39,600	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,140	7,995	8,145
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	35,600	24,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,415	7,455	9,955
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,800	11,600	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,805	870	940
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	5,000	5,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	23,980	11,275	12,710
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,080	10,840	12,240
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,120	52,900	38,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,115	10,840	12,275
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,960	45,080	33,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,025	10,030	11,000
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,080	49,600	33,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,325	8,085	8,240
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,640	32,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,280	7,425	9,855
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,280	10,230	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,735	865	870
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,385	6,060	6,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	23,985	11,275	12,710
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,870	3,260	2,615
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	58,000	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,050	68,500	51,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,655	2,935	3,720
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	29,600	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,800	40,480	28,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.0	86.8	78.2
Employment income (%)	60.8	64.4	56.5
Government transfers (%)	17.0	13.2	21.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	12,990	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,265	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	8,725	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	13,000	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,255	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	8,745	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	12,995	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	95	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	335	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	635	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	505	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	515	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	610	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	585	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	590	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,175	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,085	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,035	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	920	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	770	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,990	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,510	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	975	...	...
$200,000 and over	595	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	12,995	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	100	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	340	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	675	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	570	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	625	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	670	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	690	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,305	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,275	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,110	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	935	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	825	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,040	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,360	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	770	...	...
$150,000 and over	910	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	8,095	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,090	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,415	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,365	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,150	2,690	3,465
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	39,200	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	35,600	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	8,130	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,085	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,445	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,305	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,080	2,585	3,495
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,760	45,880	42,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,840	40,240	37,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	27,810	13,245	14,565
0 to 17 years	4,610	2,385	2,230
0 to 5 years	1,380	700	680
18 to 64 years	15,615	7,430	8,185
65 years and over	7,585	3,430	4,150
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,165	1,320	1,845
0 to 17 years	645	320	325
0 to 5 years	205	100	100
18 to 64 years	1,550	645	900
65 years and over	970	350	620
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.4	10.0	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	13.9	13.3	14.6
0 to 5 years (%)	14.7	14.2	15.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	8.7	11.0
65 years and over (%)	12.8	10.3	14.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	27,810	13,240	14,565
0 to 17 years	4,610	2,380	2,225
0 to 5 years	1,380	700	680
18 to 64 years	15,615	7,430	8,185
65 years and over	7,585	3,430	4,155
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,030	485	545
0 to 17 years	185	100	85
0 to 5 years	55	30	25
18 to 64 years	710	335	380
65 years and over	130	50	85
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.7	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.1	4.2	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.2	4.8	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.5	4.6
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.4	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	27,810	13,240	14,565
In bottom half of the distribution	15,810	7,275	8,535
In bottom decile	3,045	1,325	1,725
In second decile	3,150	1,405	1,745
In third decile	3,125	1,435	1,690
In fourth decile	3,260	1,555	1,710
In fifth decile	3,225	1,560	1,665
In top half of the distribution	12,000	5,965	6,030
In sixth decile	2,810	1,365	1,445
In seventh decile	2,820	1,390	1,430
In eighth decile	2,475	1,255	1,220
In ninth decile	2,215	1,130	1,085
In top decile	1,675	835	845
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	27,810	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.264	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	28,025	13,335	14,685
English only	25,355	12,145	13,210
French only	10	0	10
English and French	2,510	1,125	1,385
Neither English nor French	155	65	85
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	28,025	13,335	14,685
English	27,255	12,980	14,275
French	605	285	320
English and French	25	15	15
Neither English nor French	140	60	75
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	28,025	13,335	14,685
Single responses	27,505	13,095	14,400
Official languages	25,295	12,120	13,170
English	24,665	11,825	12,835
French	635	295	340
Non-official languages	2,205	980	1,225
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,200	975	1,225
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	35	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0
Bilen	5	5	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	20
Amharic	5	0	0
Arabic	35	20	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	75	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	150	75	75
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	65	135
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165	60	110
Waray-Waray	5	5	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	40	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	50	40	10
Tamil	5	0	5
Telugu	5	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,195	525	670
Albanian	10	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	80	105
Baltic languages	5	5	0
Latvian	5	5	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	180	70	105
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0
Czech	15	5	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	50	20	25
Russian	30	5	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	5
Serbian	15	10	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0
Ukrainian	40	15	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	515	205	305
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	310	125	190
German	300	120	185
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	10	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140	55	85
Afrikaans	25	10	10
Dutch	115	40	65
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	55	25	30
Danish	30	15	20
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	0
Swedish	20	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	270	135	140
Indo-Aryan languages	250	125	125
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	5
Gujarati	45	20	20
Hindi	50	35	20
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135	55	80
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	5	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	20	5	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	95	110
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	45	25	20
Portuguese	45	20	25
Romanian	5	0	5
Spanish	110	40	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	55	15	40
Korean	115	65	55
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	260	110	145
Chinese languages	255	110	145
Hakka	10	5	5
Mandarin	115	55	65
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	45	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	25	30
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	30	10	15
Hungarian	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	525	240	280
English and French	170	85	85
English and non-official language(s)	285	130	160
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	45	15	30
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	28,025	13,335	14,685
English	25,410	12,165	13,250
French	135	60	70
Non-official language	460	230	230
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	460	230	230
English and French	410	180	230
English and non-official language(s)	1,480	645	835
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35
Multiple non-official languages	65	35	35
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	28,025	13,335	14,685
Single responses	27,695	13,195	14,495
Official languages	26,830	12,785	14,045
English	26,625	12,685	13,930
French	205	100	110
Non-official languages	870	410	455
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	870	410	455
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	110	55	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	30	65
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	25	55
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	30	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	25	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	310	150	160
Albanian	5	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	15	25
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5
Russian	15	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	50	25	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	25	10	15
German	20	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	5	10
Afrikaans	15	5	5
Dutch	5	5	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	170	85	85
Indo-Aryan languages	160	80	75
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	30	15	15
Hindi	25	20	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	40	55
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	5	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5
Portuguese	5	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5
Korean	80	40	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	70	85
Chinese languages	155	70	85
Hakka	10	5	5
Mandarin	60	25	35
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	40	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	330	140	185
English and French	55	25	30
English and non-official language(s)	265	115	145
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	28,020	13,335	14,685
None	26,275	12,580	13,695
English	345	160	190
French	295	125	170
Non-official language	885	380	505
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	15
Non-Indigenous	870	375	495
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	65	25	40
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	110	50	55
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	27,820	13,250	14,570
Official languages	27,685	13,190	14,500
English	27,680	13,190	14,500
French	2,480	1,100	1,380
Non-official languages	3,425	1,435	1,990
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	10	25
Algonquian languages	15	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,385	1,430	1,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	55	55
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	85	45	40
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	100	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	175	100	75
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	375	125	250
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	30	10	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10
Ilocano	10	0	10
Indonesian	30	0	25
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	340	120	225
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	0	30
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	30	0	25
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,030	855	1,175
Albanian	25	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	100	125
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	225	100	125
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	40	15	25
Russian	80	20	60
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	65	35	25
Bosnian	20	15	0
Croatian	30	15	15
Serbian	35	15	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	0	15
Irish	20	0	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	735	290	445
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	560	230	330
German	535	220	315
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	35	10	25
Yiddish	15	0	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	55	75
Afrikaans	40	15	25
Dutch	90	40	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	50	10	45
Danish	35	0	35
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	30	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	350	160	190
Indo-Aryan languages	330	150	175
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	10	15
Gujarati	20	20	0
Hindi	205	100	105
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230	90	140
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	10	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	30	10	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	725	300	425
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	120	50	80
Portuguese	45	25	20
Romanian	20	15	0
Spanish	565	230	335
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	90	25	65
Korean	140	70	70
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	15	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	25	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	70	20	50
American Sign Language	60	15	40
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	345	155	185
Chinese languages	345	155	185
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	190	80	110
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	215	90	125
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	25	0	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	15	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	20	30
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	30	10	15
Hungarian	20	0	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	27,815	13,245	14,570
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,110	905	1,205
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,055	885	1,170
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,195	510	690
Métis	845	375	470
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	20	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	15
Non-Indigenous identity	25,715	12,345	13,370
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	27,815	13,245	14,570
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	560	260	300
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	27,260	12,985	14,275
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	13,000	...	...
Owner	9,280	...	...
Renter	3,720	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	13,000	...	...
Condominium	2,775	...	...
Not condominium	10,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	13,000	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...
1 bedroom	1,110	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,525	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,120	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,155	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	13,000	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,750	...	...
5 rooms	2,625	...	...
6 rooms	2,340	...	...
7 rooms	1,550	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,730	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	13,000	...	...
One person or fewer per room	12,900	...	...
More than one person per room	100	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	13,000	...	...
Suitable	12,640	...	...
Not suitable	360	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	13,000	...	...
1960 or before	1,155	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,765	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,635	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,135	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,050	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,250	...	...
2011 to 2015	720	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,295	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	13,000	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	12,360	...	...
Major repairs needed	640	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	13,000	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,690	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,810	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	505	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	13,000	...	...
15 to 24 years	320	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,500	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,815	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,580	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,700	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,650	...	...
85 years and over	585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	12,985	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,915	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,065	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,835	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	13,000	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,745	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,765	...	...
Not suitable only	260	...	...
Major repairs needed only	390	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	225	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,260	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	12,750	...	...
In core need	1,380	...	...
Not in core need	11,370	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,280	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	572,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	592,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,720	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,278	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	27,820	13,250	14,570
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	585	270	310
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	580	270	305
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	375	170	200
Métis single ancestry	195	100	100
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,680	705	975
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,640	695	950
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,140	470	665
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	490	220	275
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	10	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	25,555	12,270	13,285
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	27,820	13,250	14,570
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	26,490	12,705	13,780
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,500	2,340	2,160
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	21,995	10,365	11,625
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,330	545	785
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	27,820	13,250	14,570
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	23,635	11,380	12,255
Immigrants⁸¹	3,795	1,700	2,095
Before 1980	1,690	765	930
1980 to 1990	435	195	245
1991 to 2000	390	195	190
2001 to 2010	490	215	275
2011 to 2021⁸²	785	340	450
2011 to 2015	340	130	215
2016 to 2021	445	210	235
Non-permanent residents⁸³	390	165	225
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,795	1,700	2,090
Under 5 years	465	230	235
5 to 14 years	740	360	385
15 to 24 years	780	320	465
25 to 44 years	1,575	705	865
45 years and over	235	95	145
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,795	1,700	2,090
Americas	505	170	340
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	15	10	0
Guyana	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	0	0
Mexico	25	0	25
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	0
United States of America	370	105	260
Other places of birth in Americas	50	30	20
Europe	2,020	975	1,045
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	75	40	40
Germany	300	125	175
Greece	25	0	15
Hungary	15	0	10
Italy	60	25	35
Netherlands	100	35	60
Poland	45	20	25
Portugal	10	10	0
Romania	15	15	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	15
Ukraine	25	0	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,105	565	540
Other places of birth in Europe	185	90	95
Africa	140	55	80
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	20	10	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	30	10	20
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	60	25	40
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15
Asia	1,040	445	590
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	40	15	25
Turkey	20	15	0
China⁹⁰	80	50	35
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	20	15
Korea, South⁹²	110	55	55
Taiwan	30	15	10
Philippines	290	95	195
Viet Nam	160	90	70
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	130	60	70
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	105	20	85
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	55	40
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	445	210	240
Americas	60	30	25
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	40	15	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	90	55	35
France	15	10	10
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	10
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	10
Africa	60	30	30
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	20	10	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10
Asia	220	80	135
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	65	35	30
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	85	20	60
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	25	10	10
Australia	25	10	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	27,815	13,245	14,570
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,595	2,070	2,525
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,205	2,490	2,715
Third generation or more¹⁰²	18,015	8,685	9,335
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,100	940	1,160
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,100	525	575
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	515	235	275
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	590	290	300
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	700	255	440
Refugees¹⁰⁸	280	155	130
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,100	940	1,160
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	15	30
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	430	180	255
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	90	35	50
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	145	55	95
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,375	655	725
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	27,815	13,245	14,570
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,315	1,080	1,235
South Asian	445	205	240
Chinese	400	205	200
Black	230	130	100
Filipino	420	170	255
Arab	60	25	35
Latin American	115	55	65
Southeast Asian	265	125	135
West Asian	35	25	10
Korean	150	75	75
Japanese	85	25	55
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	20	25
Multiple visible minorities	65	20	45
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	25,505	12,170	13,335
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	27,820	13,250	14,570
Canadian	3,740	1,935	1,800
English	8,940	4,310	4,630
Irish	5,330	2,415	2,910
Scottish	7,260	3,350	3,915
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,600	1,205	1,390
German	3,800	1,710	2,090
Chinese	460	215	250
Italian	880	415	460
Indian (India)	385	170	210
Ukrainian	1,535	690	845
Dutch	1,300	635	670
Polish	925	395	530
Québécois	50	30	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,575	720	860
Filipino	405	170	235
French Canadian	385	165	225
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	645	305	335
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	660	260	400
Métis	735	335	405
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	705	345	360
Russian	540	260	280
Norwegian	1,045	515	530
Welsh	985	455	530
Portuguese	165	95	65
American	535	215	320
Spanish	195	85	110
Swedish	720	340	385
Hungarian	340	180	160
Acadian	65	35	35
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	105	60	45
Jewish	140	55	85
Punjabi	35	15	25
Vietnamese	155	90	65
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90	35	55
Greek	125	50	75
Jamaican	20	15	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	30	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	195	85	105
Korean	125	60	70
Romanian	170	85	85
Lebanese	10	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	60	35	25
Danish	425	135	290
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	195	85	110
Sikh	10	0	10
Austrian	320	150	170
Belgian	125	70	55
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	15	10	0
Mexican	75	30	45
Mennonite	75	45	30
Swiss	185	75	110
Finnish	315	140	175
Sri Lankan	20	0	15
Croatian	50	30	10
Japanese	90	30	60
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	50	25
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	205	100	110
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	20	10	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	300	140	160
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	10	0	0
Czech	90	50	40
Syrian	15	0	15
Guyanese	10	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	0	20
Serbian	40	20	15
Ojibway	50	25	20
Newfoundlander	20	10	15
Hong Konger	20	0	15
Ontarian	25	20	0
Persian	45	10	30
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	20	20
Turkish	25	10	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	15	0	15
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	25	15	15
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	50	20	25
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	35	15	20
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	35	25	10
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	20	0	15
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	10	25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	10	15
Algonquin	35	10	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	95	35	65
South African	90	55	35
Australian	140	65	75
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	30	15	15
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	20	0	20
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	30	10	20
Maltese	10	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	25	20
New Brunswicker	10	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	15	10	10
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	15	0	15
Mohawk	20	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	25	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	10	0	10
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	25	20	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	20	20
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	10	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	20	0	15
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	0	15
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	10	10
Northern Irish	35	10	30
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	85	50	35
British Columbian	245	130	115
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	15	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	15	10	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	40	15	25
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	35	10	20
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	0	10
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10
New Zealander	90	45	45
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	10
Malaysian	10	0	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	10
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	15
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	20	10	15
Honduran	25	15	10
Cherokee	25	10	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	20	0	15
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	15	10	10
Costa Rican	10	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	27,820	13,245	14,570
Buddhist	125	50	75
Christian	9,735	4,225	5,515
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,910	860	1,050
Anabaptist	20	15	0
Anglican	1,395	570	825
Baptist	300	135	165
Catholic	3,040	1,385	1,655
Christian Orthodox	115	55	65
Jehovah's Witness	160	95	60
Latter Day Saints	65	25	35
Lutheran	345	145	200
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	85	50	40
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	255	125	130
Presbyterian	220	80	140
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	1,330	510	825
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	495	190	305
Hindu	120	65	60
Jewish	55	15	40
Muslim	140	65	70
Sikh	170	60	110
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40	20	25
Other religions and spiritual traditions	440	130	310
No religion and secular perspectives	16,985	8,630	8,360
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	27,600	13,145	14,450
Non-movers	23,460	11,125	12,335
Movers	4,135	2,025	2,115
Non-migrants	1,970	960	1,005
Migrants	2,170	1,060	1,110
Internal migrants	2,030	1,000	1,030
Intraprovincial migrants	1,440	685	755
Interprovincial migrants	595	310	280
External migrants	140	60	75
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	26,710	12,695	14,015
Non-movers	12,895	6,025	6,870
Movers	13,810	6,670	7,145
Non-migrants	3,965	1,910	2,055
Migrants	9,845	4,755	5,090
Internal migrants	9,120	4,400	4,715
Intraprovincial migrants	6,925	3,320	3,610
Interprovincial migrants	2,190	1,085	1,110
External migrants	730	355	375
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,985	11,275	12,710
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,020	2,135	1,880
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,965	9,135	10,825
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,795	6,545	7,250
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,740	1,015	725
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,055	5,525	6,530
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,980	11,275	12,705
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,370	1,770	1,600
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,525	3,635	3,890
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,085	5,870	7,215
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,065	3,725	4,340
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,275	1,590	690
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,040	565	475
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,240	1,025	210
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,040	1,855	3,190
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	745	280	465
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,025	2,145	2,880
Bachelor's degree	3,240	1,330	1,910
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	445	165	280
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	65	50
Master's degree	1,100	485	615
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	130	100	35
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,795	6,545	7,250
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,400	825	580
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,115	2,080	2,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,275	3,640	4,640
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,955	2,270	2,685
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,410	995	415
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	675	385	290
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	740	610	125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,085	1,110	1,975
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	465	160	300
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,320	1,370	1,950
Bachelor's degree	2,190	885	1,305
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	275	105	170
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	45	40
Master's degree	730	310	420
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	25	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,980	11,275	12,705
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,895	5,405	5,490
Education	1,200	310	885
13. Education	1,200	310	885
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	470	160	310
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	450	140	310
Humanities	575	250	325
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	35
23. English language and literature/letters	170	45	125
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	135	50	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	20	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	35	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	10
54. History	95	65	30
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,145	435	710
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	50	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	205	10	195
22. Legal professions and studies	125	35	95
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	10	10
42. Psychology	205	65	140
45. Social sciences	465	265	205
Business, management and public administration	2,550	810	1,735
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	265	35	230
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,290	780	1,505
Physical and life sciences and technologies	520	280	235
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	240	105	135
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	60	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	150	105	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	300	190	120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	225	150	70
25. Library science	30	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	25	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,390	2,220	170
04. Architecture and related services	45	20	25
14. Engineering	335	295	40
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	510	475	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	655	625	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	600	575	25
48. Precision production	250	225	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	480	270	215
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	255	115	135
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	150	75
Health and related fields	2,400	380	2,015
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	150	70	75
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,230	295	1,935
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	20	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,065	565	500
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	690	240	440
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0
43. Security and protective services	135	95	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	200	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,795	6,540	7,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,515	2,905	2,610
Education	550	135	420
13. Education	550	135	420
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	340	115	225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	325	100	225
Humanities	355	140	210
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	10	25
23. English language and literature/letters	105	20	85
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	25	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	10
54. History	55	30	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	720	245	475
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	35	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	130	0	125
22. Legal professions and studies	75	20	65
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	10
42. Psychology	115	30	85
45. Social sciences	295	155	140
Business, management and public administration	1,665	515	1,150
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	200	25	180
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,465	485	975
Physical and life sciences and technologies	370	210	160
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	165	75	90
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	35	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	120	80	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	200	140	55
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	165	120	45
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,420	1,290	130
04. Architecture and related services	25	15	20
14. Engineering	230	185	40
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	290	255	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	420	400	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	330	315	15
48. Precision production	130	125	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	360	190	170
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	180	70	110
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	120	60
Health and related fields	1,595	285	1,305
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	105	45	55
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,475	225	1,250
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	15	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	715	375	340
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	475	175	305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	95	70	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	135	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	13,795	6,540	7,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,515	2,905	2,610
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	8,275	3,635	4,640
Location of study inside Canada	7,185	3,140	4,050
Same as province or territory of residence	4,925	2,135	2,790
Different than province or territory of residence	2,270	1,005	1,260
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,090	500	590
Americas	230	115	120
United States of America	205	95	105
Mexico	10	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	10
Europe	310	160	150
Belgium	0	0	0
France	30	15	10
Germany	30	15	15
Netherlands	10	10	0
Switzerland	20	10	10
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	15
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	85	75
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Europe	20	15	0
Africa	40	20	15
Nigeria	15	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0
Asia	440	180	270
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	30	20	10
Taiwan	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	65	25	40
Philippines	160	50	110
Viet Nam	30	15	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	100	50	50
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15
Oceania	65	30	35
Australia	50	20	30
New Zealand	15	10	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	23,980	11,275	12,705
In the labour force	13,315	6,630	6,685
Employed	12,185	6,065	6,125
Unemployed	1,130	570	565
Not in the labour force	10,670	4,640	6,020
Participation rate	55.5	58.8	52.6
Employment rate	50.8	53.8	48.2
Unemployment rate	8.5	8.6	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	23,980	11,275	12,705
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,500	4,600	5,900
Worked	13,485	6,675	6,810
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,120	3,420	2,700
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,365	3,255	4,110
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	40.9	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	13,315	6,630	6,685
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	135	130
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	13,050	6,500	6,550
Employee	10,855	5,345	5,505
Permanent position	8,900	4,355	4,540
Temporary position	1,960	990	970
Fixed term (1 year or more)	635	370	260
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,320	620	705
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,195	1,150	1,045
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	13,315	6,630	6,685
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	135	130
All occupations¹⁹¹	13,050	6,500	6,550
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	80	50	30
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,595	445	1,150
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	730	540	190
3 Health occupations	1,255	235	1,010
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,755	665	1,095
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	420	185	235
6 Sales and service occupations	4,245	1,790	2,455
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,210	2,005	205
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	430	325	105
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	325	255	75
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	13,315	6,630	6,685
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	135	130
All industries¹⁹¹	13,050	6,500	6,550
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	415	255	160
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	120	120	0
22 Utilities	35	30	0
23 Construction	1,170	1,005	165
31-33 Manufacturing	360	260	105
41 Wholesale trade	215	135	75
44-45 Retail trade	2,210	1,115	1,100
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	470	350	125
51 Information and cultural industries	155	105	45
52 Finance and insurance	340	130	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	185	85	105
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	805	400	405
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	585	340	245
61 Educational services	840	235	610
62 Health care and social assistance	1,865	295	1,575
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	320	180	135
72 Accommodation and food services	1,235	510	725
81 Other services (except public administration)	565	225	340
91 Public administration	1,140	720	425
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	14,395	7,120	7,275
English	13,990	6,915	7,075
French	30	0	30
Non-official language	40	35	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	35	10
English and French	190	115	75
English and non-official language(s)	145	60	85
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	14,395	7,120	7,275
Single responses	14,360	7,105	7,255
Official languages	14,290	7,050	7,235
English	14,230	7,050	7,180
French	55	0	55
Non-official languages	70	50	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	50	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	15	15	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	25	0
Chinese languages	30	25	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	15	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	20
English and French	20	15	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	14,395	7,120	7,275
None	14,090	6,960	7,130
English	55	25	35
French	140	100	40
Non-official language	100	35	60
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	95	35	60
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	12,185	6,065	6,120
Worked at home	1,745	840	895
Worked outside Canada	15	10	0
No fixed workplace address	1,995	1,510	485
Usual place of work	8,435	3,700	4,735
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,440	3,700	4,730
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,305	2,150	3,155
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,100	975	1,120
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	945	510	440
Commute to a different province or territory	85	70	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,430	5,210	5,220
Car, truck or van	8,795	4,395	4,400
Car, truck or van - as a driver	8,040	4,045	4,000
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	750	350	395
Public transit	270	100	165
Walked	720	310	410
Bicycle	315	185	130
Other method	330	215	115
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,430	5,210	5,220
Less than 15 minutes	5,895	2,680	3,215
15 to 29 minutes	2,985	1,460	1,525
30 to 44 minutes	640	450	195
45 to 59 minutes	400	225	170
60 minutes and over	515	400	115
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,430	5,210	5,220
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	510	330	175
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,520	895	625
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,520	1,395	1,125
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,660	1,175	1,485
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,710	645	1,070
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,505	765	740
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,705	2,435	2,270
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	385	190	195
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,320	2,240	2,075
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,505	1,835	1,670
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	270	135	135
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	145	65	80
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	130	75	55
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,235	1,695	1,535

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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