Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Courtenay, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	28,420
Population, 2016¹	25,639^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.8
Total private dwellings²	13,414
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	12,992
Population density per square kilometre	876.7
Land area in square kilometres	32.42
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	28,420
0 to 14 years	3,850
0 to 4 years	1,100
5 to 9 years	1,380
10 to 14 years	1,370
15 to 64 years	16,540
15 to 19 years	1,310
20 to 24 years	1,295
25 to 29 years	1,585
30 to 34 years	1,665
35 to 39 years	1,750
40 to 44 years	1,575
45 to 49 years	1,550
50 to 54 years	1,600
55 to 59 years	1,980
60 to 64 years	2,230
65 years and over	8,030
65 to 69 years	2,185
70 to 74 years	2,205
75 to 79 years	1,560
80 to 84 years	1,050
85 years and over	1,020
85 to 89 years	655
90 to 94 years	265
95 to 99 years	85
100 years and over	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.5
15 to 64 years	58.2
65 years and over	28.3
85 years and over	3.6
Average age of the population	46.8
Median age of the population	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	12,995
Single-detached house	6,515
Semi-detached house	1,920
Row house	970
Apartment or flat in a duplex	445
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,685
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45
Other single-attached house	45
Movable dwelling⁴	385
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	12,990
1 person	4,265
2 persons	5,275
3 persons	1,670
4 persons	1,190
5 or more persons	585
Number of persons in private households	27,810
Average household size	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	24,575
Married or living common-law	13,725
Married	10,825
Living common-law	2,905
Living common law - Never married	1,915
Living common law - Separated	135
Living common law - Divorced	755
Living common law - Widowed	100
Not married and not living common-law	10,845
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,075
Not married and not living common law - Separated	815
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,320
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,630
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	8,130
2 persons	5,185
3 persons	1,520
4 persons	1,060
5 or more persons	370
Average size of census families	2.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	8,125
Total couple families	6,675
Married couples	5,240
With children⁶	1,915
Without children	3,325
Common-law couples	1,435
With children⁶	485
Without children	955
Total one-parent families	1,445
in which the parent is a woman+	1,120
in which the parent is a man+	325
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	27,810
Total - Persons in census families	21,095
Married spouses or common-law partners	13,360
Parents in one-parent families	1,450
Children⁶	6,285
In a two-parent family	4,145
In a one-parent family	2,140
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,715
Living alone	4,265
Living with other relatives⁷	565
Living with non-relatives only	1,890
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	12,990
One-census-family households without additional persons	7,235
Couple-family households	6,110
With children⁶	2,140
Without children	3,970
One-parent-family households	1,125
Multigenerational households⁸	215
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	450
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	765
One-person households	4,265
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	23,965
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,410
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,425
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,915
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,865
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,525
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,235
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,685
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	23,980
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,420
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,450
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,920
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,870
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,475
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,170
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,335
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,755
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	23,985
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,905
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,905
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	23,965
Without total income	560
With total income	23,405
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,630
$10,000 to $19,999	2,785
$20,000 to $29,999	3,985
$30,000 to $39,999	3,620
$40,000 to $49,999	2,940
$50,000 to $59,999	2,360
$60,000 to $69,999	1,720
$70,000 to $79,999	1,260
$80,000 to $89,999	865
$90,000 to $99,999	615
$100,000 and over	1,620
$100,000 to $149,999	1,180
$150,000 and over	440
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	23,965
Without after-tax income	535
With after-tax income	23,430
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,760
$10,000 to $19,999	2,890
$20,000 to $29,999	4,535
$30,000 to $39,999	4,070
$40,000 to $49,999	3,300
$50,000 to $59,999	2,335
$60,000 to $69,999	1,635
$70,000 to $79,999	1,010
$80,000 to $89,999	635
$90,000 to $99,999	395
$100,000 and over	870
$100,000 to $124,999	485
$125,000 and over	380
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	23,965
Without employment income	9,100
With employment income	14,865
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,365
$5,000 to $9,999	1,210
$10,000 to $19,999	1,895
$20,000 to $29,999	1,675
$30,000 to $39,999	1,605
$40,000 to $49,999	1,345
$50,000 to $59,999	1,115
$60,000 to $69,999	950
$70,000 to $79,999	715
$80,000 to $89,999	540
$90,000 to $99,999	410
$100,000 and over	1,035
$100,000 to $124,999	520
$125,000 and over	515
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	23,965
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,960
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,000
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,880
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,140
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,415
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,805
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	23,980
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,080
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,115
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,025
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,325
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,280
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,735
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,385
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	23,985
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,870
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,655
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	83.0
Employment income (%)	60.8
Government transfers (%)	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	12,990
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,265
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	8,725
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	13,000
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,900
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,255
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,880
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,360
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	8,745
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,900
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	12,995
Under $5,000	85
$5,000 to $9,999	55
$10,000 to $14,999	95
$15,000 to $19,999	335
$20,000 to $24,999	635
$25,000 to $29,999	505
$30,000 to $34,999	515
$35,000 to $39,999	610
$40,000 to $44,999	585
$45,000 to $49,999	590
$50,000 to $59,999	1,175
$60,000 to $69,999	1,085
$70,000 to $79,999	1,035
$80,000 to $89,999	920
$90,000 to $99,999	770
$100,000 and over	3,990
$100,000 to $124,999	1,510
$125,000 to $149,999	910
$150,000 to $199,999	975
$200,000 and over	595
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	12,995
Under $5,000	100
$5,000 to $9,999	50
$10,000 to $14,999	100
$15,000 to $19,999	340
$20,000 to $24,999	675
$25,000 to $29,999	570
$30,000 to $34,999	625
$35,000 to $39,999	675
$40,000 to $44,999	670
$45,000 to $49,999	690
$50,000 to $59,999	1,305
$60,000 to $69,999	1,275
$70,000 to $79,999	1,110
$80,000 to $89,999	935
$90,000 to $99,999	825
$100,000 and over	3,040
$100,000 to $124,999	1,360
$125,000 to $149,999	770
$150,000 and over	910
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	8,095
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,090
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,415
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,365
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,150
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	8,130
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,700
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,085
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,900
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,445
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,500
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,305
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,300
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,080
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	27,810
0 to 17 years	4,610
0 to 5 years	1,380
18 to 64 years	15,615
65 years and over	7,585
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,165
0 to 17 years	645
0 to 5 years	205
18 to 64 years	1,550
65 years and over	970
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.4
0 to 17 years (%)	13.9
0 to 5 years (%)	14.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9
65 years and over (%)	12.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	27,810
0 to 17 years	4,610
0 to 5 years	1,380
18 to 64 years	15,615
65 years and over	7,585
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,030
0 to 17 years	185
0 to 5 years	55
18 to 64 years	710
65 years and over	130
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6
65 years and over (%)	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	27,810
In bottom half of the distribution	15,810
In bottom decile	3,045
In second decile	3,150
In third decile	3,125
In fourth decile	3,260
In fifth decile	3,225
In top half of the distribution	12,000
In sixth decile	2,810
In seventh decile	2,820
In eighth decile	2,475
In ninth decile	2,215
In top decile	1,675
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	27,810
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.430
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.264
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	28,025
English only	25,355
French only	10
English and French	2,510
Neither English nor French	155
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	28,025
English	27,255
French	605
English and French	25
Neither English nor French	140
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	28,025
Single responses	27,505
Official languages	25,295
English	24,665
French	635
Non-official languages	2,205
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	5
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,200
Afro-Asiatic languages	50
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	5
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	45
Amharic	5
Arabic	35
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	150
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	205
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	55
Kannada	0
Malayalam	50
Tamil	5
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,195
Albanian	10
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	180
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	180
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	15
Macedonian	0
Polish	50
Russian	30
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	25
Bosnian	0
Croatian	10
Serbian	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	515
Frisian	0
High German languages	310
German	300
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140
Afrikaans	25
Dutch	115
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	55
Danish	30
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	270
Indo-Aryan languages	250
Assamese	0
Bengali	10
Gujarati	45
Hindi	50
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	20
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	20
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	205
Catalan	0
Italian	45
Portuguese	45
Romanian	5
Spanish	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	55
Korean	115
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	20
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	260
Chinese languages	255
Hakka	10
Mandarin	115
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	110
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	50
Estonian	0
Finnish	30
Hungarian	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	525
English and French	170
English and non-official language(s)	285
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	45
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	28,025
English	25,410
French	135
Non-official language	460
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	460
English and French	410
English and non-official language(s)	1,480
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	55
Multiple non-official languages	65
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	28,025
Single responses	27,695
Official languages	26,830
English	26,625
French	205
Non-official languages	870
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	870
Afro-Asiatic languages	25
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	20
Amharic	0
Arabic	15
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	110
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	95
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	40
Kannada	0
Malayalam	35
Tamil	0
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	310
Albanian	5
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	40
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	15
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	50
Frisian	0
High German languages	25
German	20
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	170
Indo-Aryan languages	160
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	30
Hindi	25
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40
Catalan	0
Italian	5
Portuguese	5
Romanian	0
Spanish	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	80
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	10
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155
Chinese languages	155
Hakka	10
Mandarin	60
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	10
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	330
English and French	55
English and non-official language(s)	265
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	28,020
None	26,275
English	345
French	295
Non-official language	885
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	870
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	65
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	110
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	27,820
Official languages	27,685
English	27,680
French	2,480
Non-official languages	3,425
Indigenous languages³⁹	40
Algonquian languages	15
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	15
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,385
Afro-Asiatic languages	110
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	110
Amharic	0
Arabic	85
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	15
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	175
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	375
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	30
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	30
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	340
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	35
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	30
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	2,030
Albanian	25
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	225
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	225
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	25
Macedonian	0
Polish	40
Russian	80
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	65
Bosnian	20
Croatian	30
Serbian	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	20
Irish	20
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	735
Frisian	0
High German languages	560
German	535
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	35
Yiddish	15
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130
Afrikaans	40
Dutch	90
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	50
Danish	35
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	30
Indo-Iranian languages	350
Indo-Aryan languages	330
Assamese	0
Bengali	25
Gujarati	20
Hindi	205
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	30
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	30
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	725
Catalan	0
Italian	120
Portuguese	45
Romanian	20
Spanish	565
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	90
Korean	140
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	40
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	70
American Sign Language	60
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	345
Chinese languages	345
Hakka	0
Mandarin	190
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	215
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	0
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	50
Estonian	0
Finnish	30
Hungarian	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	27,815
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,110
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,055
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,195
Métis	845
Inuk (Inuit)	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15
Non-Indigenous identity	25,715
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	27,815
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	560
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	27,260
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	13,000
Owner	9,280
Renter	3,720
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	13,000
Condominium	2,775
Not condominium	10,230
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	13,000
No bedrooms	90
1 bedroom	1,110
2 bedrooms	4,525
3 bedrooms	5,120
4 or more bedrooms	2,155
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	13,000
1 to 4 rooms	3,750
5 rooms	2,625
6 rooms	2,340
7 rooms	1,550
8 or more rooms	2,730
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	13,000
One person or fewer per room	12,900
More than one person per room	100
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	13,000
Suitable	12,640
Not suitable	360
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	13,000
1960 or before	1,155
1961 to 1980	2,765
1981 to 1990	1,635
1991 to 2000	3,135
2001 to 2005	1,050
2006 to 2010	1,250
2011 to 2015	720
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,295
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	13,000
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	12,360
Major repairs needed	640
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	13,000
One-maintainer household	6,690
Two-maintainer household	5,810
Three-or-more-maintainer household	505
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	13,000
15 to 24 years	320
25 to 34 years	1,500
35 to 44 years	1,840
45 to 54 years	1,815
55 to 64 years	2,580
65 to 74 years	2,700
75 to 84 years	1,650
85 years and over	585
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	12,985
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,915
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,065
30% to less than 100%	2,835
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	13,000
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,745
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,765
Not suitable only	260
Major repairs needed only	390
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	225
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	9,260
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	12,750
In core need	1,380
Not in core need	11,370
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,280
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.0
% in core housing need⁶³	5.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	572,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	592,500
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,720
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.5
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.7
% in core housing need⁶³	25.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,278
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	27,820
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	585
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	580
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	375
Métis single ancestry	195
Inuit single ancestry	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,680
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,640
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,140
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	490
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	25,555
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	27,820
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	26,490
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,500
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	21,995
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,330
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	27,820
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	23,635
Immigrants⁸¹	3,795
Before 1980	1,690
1980 to 1990	435
1991 to 2000	390
2001 to 2010	490
2011 to 2021⁸²	785
2011 to 2015	340
2016 to 2021	445
Non-permanent residents⁸³	390
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,795
Under 5 years	465
5 to 14 years	740
15 to 24 years	780
25 to 44 years	1,575
45 years and over	235
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,795
Americas	505
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
El Salvador	15
Guyana	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	15
Mexico	25
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15
United States of America	370
Other places of birth in Americas	50
Europe	2,020
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15
Croatia	0
France	75
Germany	300
Greece	25
Hungary	15
Italy	60
Netherlands	100
Poland	45
Portugal	10
Romania	15
Russian Federation	15
Serbia⁸⁶	25
Ukraine	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,105
Other places of birth in Europe	185
Africa	140
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	20
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	30
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	60
Other places of birth in Africa	25
Asia	1,040
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	20
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	40
Turkey	20
China⁹⁰	80
Hong Kong⁹¹	30
Korea, South⁹²	110
Taiwan	30
Philippines	290
Viet Nam	160
Bangladesh	0
India	130
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	15
Other places of birth in Asia	105
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	445
Americas	60
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	40
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10
Europe	90
France	15
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40
Other places of birth in Europe	25
Africa	60
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	20
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	15
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	15
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10
Asia	220
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	65
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	10
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	85
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	15
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	25
Australia	25
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	27,815
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,595
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,205
Third generation or more¹⁰²	18,015
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,100
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,100
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	515
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	590
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	700
Refugees¹⁰⁸	280
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,100
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	430
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	90
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	145
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,375
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	27,815
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,315
South Asian	445
Chinese	400
Black	230
Filipino	420
Arab	60
Latin American	115
Southeast Asian	265
West Asian	35
Korean	150
Japanese	85
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50
Multiple visible minorities	65
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	25,505
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	27,820
Canadian	3,740
English	8,940
Irish	5,330
Scottish	7,260
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,600
German	3,800
Chinese	460
Italian	880
Indian (India)	385
Ukrainian	1,535
Dutch	1,300
Polish	925
Québécois	50
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,575
Filipino	405
French Canadian	385
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	645
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	660
Métis	735
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	705
Russian	540
Norwegian	1,045
Welsh	985
Portuguese	165
American	535
Spanish	195
Swedish	720
Hungarian	340
Acadian	65
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	105
Jewish	140
Punjabi	35
Vietnamese	155
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90
Greek	125
Jamaican	20
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	195
Korean	125
Romanian	170
Lebanese	10
Iranian	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	60
Danish	425
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	195
Sikh	10
Austrian	320
Belgian	125
Haitian	0
Hindu	15
Mexican	75
Mennonite	75
Swiss	185
Finnish	315
Sri Lankan	20
Croatian	50
Japanese	90
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	205
Muslim	0
Egyptian	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10
Tamil	0
Icelandic	300
Colombian	0
Moroccan	10
Czech	90
Syrian	15
Guyanese	10
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25
Serbian	40
Ojibway	50
Newfoundlander	20
Hong Konger	20
Ontarian	25
Persian	45
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45
Turkish	25
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10
Bangladeshi	15
Algerian	0
Brazilian	0
Nigerian	25
Armenian	0
Slovak	50
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	35
Somali	0
Taiwanese	35
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	20
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25
Algonquin	35
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	95
South African	90
Australian	140
Palestinian	0
Chilean	30
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	20
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	30
Maltese	10
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40
New Brunswicker	10
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	15
African Canadian	0
Israeli	15
Mohawk	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	10
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	0
Bosnian	20
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	20
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	15
Laotian	0
Ilocano	20
Northern Irish	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	85
British Columbian	245
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	15
Kurdish	0
Fijian	15
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10
Coptic	0
Thai	40
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	35
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	10
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10
New Zealander	90
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20
Malaysian	10
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	15
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	20
Honduran	25
Cherokee	25
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	10
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	10
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	20
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	15
Costa Rican	10
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	27,820
Buddhist	125
Christian	9,735
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,910
Anabaptist	20
Anglican	1,395
Baptist	300
Catholic	3,040
Christian Orthodox	115
Jehovah's Witness	160
Latter Day Saints	65
Lutheran	345
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	85
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	255
Presbyterian	220
Reformed	0
United Church	1,330
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	495
Hindu	120
Jewish	55
Muslim	140
Sikh	170
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40
Other religions and spiritual traditions	440
No religion and secular perspectives	16,985
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	27,600
Non-movers	23,460
Movers	4,135
Non-migrants	1,970
Migrants	2,170
Internal migrants	2,030
Intraprovincial migrants	1,440
Interprovincial migrants	595
External migrants	140
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	26,710
Non-movers	12,895
Movers	13,810
Non-migrants	3,965
Migrants	9,845
Internal migrants	9,120
Intraprovincial migrants	6,925
Interprovincial migrants	2,190
External migrants	730
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,985
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,020
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,965
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,795
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,740
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,055
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,980
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,370
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,525
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,085
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,065
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,275
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,040
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,240
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,040
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	745
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,025
Bachelor's degree	3,240
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	445
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115
Master's degree	1,100
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	130
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,400
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,115
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,275
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,955
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,410
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	675
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	740
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,085
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	465
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,320
Bachelor's degree	2,190
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	275
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90
Master's degree	730
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,895
Education	1,200
13. Education	1,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	470
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20
50. Visual and performing arts	450
Humanities	575
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40
23. English language and literature/letters	170
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	30
54. History	95
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,145
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	205
22. Legal professions and studies	125
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20
42. Psychology	205
45. Social sciences	465
Business, management and public administration	2,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	265
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,290
Physical and life sciences and technologies	520
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	240
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	150
41. Science technologies/technicians	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	300
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	225
25. Library science	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,390
04. Architecture and related services	45
14. Engineering	335
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	510
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	655
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	600
48. Precision production	250
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	480
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	255
03. Natural resources and conservation	225
Health and related fields	2,400
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	150
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,230
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,065
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	690
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25
43. Security and protective services	135
49. Transportation and materials moving	210
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,515
Education	550
13. Education	550
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	340
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15
50. Visual and performing arts	325
Humanities	355
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30
23. English language and literature/letters	105
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	15
54. History	55
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	720
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	130
22. Legal professions and studies	75
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15
42. Psychology	115
45. Social sciences	295
Business, management and public administration	1,665
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	200
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,465
Physical and life sciences and technologies	370
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	120
41. Science technologies/technicians	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	165
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,420
04. Architecture and related services	25
14. Engineering	230
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	290
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	420
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	330
48. Precision production	130
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	360
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	180
03. Natural resources and conservation	180
Health and related fields	1,595
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	105
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,475
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	715
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	475
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	95
49. Transportation and materials moving	140
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	13,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	8,275
Location of study inside Canada	7,185
Same as province or territory of residence	4,925
Different than province or territory of residence	2,270
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,090
Americas	230
United States of America	205
Mexico	10
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	20
Europe	310
Belgium	0
France	30
Germany	30
Netherlands	10
Switzerland	20
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	10
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	15
Ireland⁹⁶	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Other locations of study in Europe	20
Africa	40
Nigeria	15
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Other locations of study in Africa	10
Asia	440
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	10
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	30
Taiwan	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	65
Philippines	160
Viet Nam	30
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	100
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	15
Oceania	65
Australia	50
New Zealand	15
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	23,980
In the labour force	13,315
Employed	12,185
Unemployed	1,130
Not in the labour force	10,670
Participation rate	55.5
Employment rate	50.8
Unemployment rate	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	23,980
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,500
Worked	13,485
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,120
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,365
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	13,315
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	13,050
Employee	10,855
Permanent position	8,900
Temporary position	1,960
Fixed term (1 year or more)	635
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,320
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,195
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	13,315
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265
All occupations¹⁹¹	13,050
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	80
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,595
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	730
3 Health occupations	1,255
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,755
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	420
6 Sales and service occupations	4,245
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,210
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	430
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	325
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	13,315
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265
All industries¹⁹¹	13,050
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	415
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	120
22 Utilities	35
23 Construction	1,170
31-33 Manufacturing	360
41 Wholesale trade	215
44-45 Retail trade	2,210
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	470
51 Information and cultural industries	155
52 Finance and insurance	340
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	185
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	805
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	585
61 Educational services	840
62 Health care and social assistance	1,865
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	320
72 Accommodation and food services	1,235
81 Other services (except public administration)	565
91 Public administration	1,140
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	14,395
English	13,990
French	30
Non-official language	40
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	40
English and French	190
English and non-official language(s)	145
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	14,395
Single responses	14,360
Official languages	14,290
English	14,230
French	55
Non-official languages	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	15
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30
Chinese languages	30
Hakka	0
Mandarin	15
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	30
English and French	20
English and non-official language(s)	15
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	14,395
None	14,090
English	55
French	140
Non-official language	100
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	95
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	12,185
Worked at home	1,745
Worked outside Canada	15
No fixed workplace address	1,995
Usual place of work	8,435
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,440
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,100
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	945
Commute to a different province or territory	85
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,430
Car, truck or van	8,795
Car, truck or van - as a driver	8,040
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	750
Public transit	270
Walked	720
Bicycle	315
Other method	330
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,430
Less than 15 minutes	5,895
15 to 29 minutes	2,985
30 to 44 minutes	640
45 to 59 minutes	400
60 minutes and over	515
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,430
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	510
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,520
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,520
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,660
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,710
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,505
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,705
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	385
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,320
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,505
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	270
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	145
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	130
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,235

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 11, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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