Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Comox Valley C (Puntledge - Black Creek), Regional district electoral area (RDA)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	9,158
Population, 2016¹	8,577^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.8
Total private dwellings²	4,427
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	3,735
Population density per square kilometre	8.5
Land area in square kilometres	1,071.86
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	9,160
0 to 14 years	1,290
0 to 4 years	320
5 to 9 years	455
10 to 14 years	510
15 to 64 years	5,620
15 to 19 years	415
20 to 24 years	310
25 to 29 years	390
30 to 34 years	490
35 to 39 years	510
40 to 44 years	515
45 to 49 years	565
50 to 54 years	625
55 to 59 years	850
60 to 64 years	950
65 years and over	2,250
65 to 69 years	895
70 to 74 years	635
75 to 79 years	380
80 to 84 years	190
85 years and over	150
85 to 89 years	105
90 to 94 years	35
95 to 99 years	10
100 years and over	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1
15 to 64 years	61.4
65 years and over	24.6
85 years and over	1.6
Average age of the population	46.4
Median age of the population	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	3,735
Single-detached house	3,240
Semi-detached house	60
Row house	15
Apartment or flat in a duplex	45
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	105
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	20
Other single-attached house	5
Movable dwelling⁴	250
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	3,735
1 person	805
2 persons	1,650
3 persons	565
4 persons	460
5 or more persons	260
Number of persons in private households	9,090
Average household size	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	7,870
Married or living common-law	5,240
Married	4,155
Living common-law	1,080
Living common law - Never married	720
Living common law - Separated	45
Living common law - Divorced	285
Living common law - Widowed	35
Not married and not living common-law	2,635
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,610
Not married and not living common law - Separated	185
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	525
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	315
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,900
2 persons	1,805
3 persons	525
4 persons	395
5 or more persons	170
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,900
Total couple families	2,585
Married couples	2,045
With children⁶	790
Without children	1,255
Common-law couples	540
With children⁶	185
Without children	360
Total one-parent families	310
in which the parent is a woman+	205
in which the parent is a man+	110
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	9,085
Total - Persons in census families	7,690
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,180
Parents in one-parent families	310
Children⁶	2,205
In a two-parent family	1,735
In a one-parent family	465
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,395
Living alone	810
Living with other relatives⁷	160
Living with non-relatives only	435
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	3,735
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,460
Couple-family households	2,265
With children⁶	860
Without children	1,400
One-parent-family households	200
Multigenerational households⁸	110
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	175
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	145
One-person households	810
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	7,805
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,585
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,880
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,115
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,440
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	720
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,820
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	7,805
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,610
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,885
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,115
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,420
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	710
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,765
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	7,805
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,970
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,335
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	7,805
Without total income	215
With total income	7,590
Under $10,000 (including loss)	695
$10,000 to $19,999	980
$20,000 to $29,999	1,200
$30,000 to $39,999	1,005
$40,000 to $49,999	885
$50,000 to $59,999	685
$60,000 to $69,999	520
$70,000 to $79,999	410
$80,000 to $89,999	260
$90,000 to $99,999	220
$100,000 and over	730
$100,000 to $149,999	525
$150,000 and over	205
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	7,805
Without after-tax income	200
With after-tax income	7,605
Under $10,000 (including loss)	750
$10,000 to $19,999	1,000
$20,000 to $29,999	1,335
$30,000 to $39,999	1,165
$40,000 to $49,999	985
$50,000 to $59,999	705
$60,000 to $69,999	495
$70,000 to $79,999	340
$80,000 to $89,999	250
$90,000 to $99,999	185
$100,000 and over	385
$100,000 to $124,999	220
$125,000 and over	170
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	7,805
Without employment income	2,685
With employment income	5,115
Under $5,000 (including loss)	920
$5,000 to $9,999	455
$10,000 to $19,999	615
$20,000 to $29,999	510
$30,000 to $39,999	430
$40,000 to $49,999	420
$50,000 to $59,999	405
$60,000 to $69,999	275
$70,000 to $79,999	245
$80,000 to $89,999	200
$90,000 to $99,999	165
$100,000 and over	475
$100,000 to $124,999	240
$125,000 and over	235
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	7,805
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,430
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,455
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,830
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,410
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,315
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	640
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	7,805
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,460
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,490
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,895
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,420
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,195
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	625
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	7,805
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,925
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,245
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	86.4
Employment income (%)	64.4
Government transfers (%)	13.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	3,735
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	810
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	2,930
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	3,735
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	795
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,300
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,100
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	2,940
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,500
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,200
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	3,735
Under $5,000	30
$5,000 to $9,999	30
$10,000 to $14,999	40
$15,000 to $19,999	60
$20,000 to $24,999	115
$25,000 to $29,999	105
$30,000 to $34,999	130
$35,000 to $39,999	130
$40,000 to $44,999	125
$45,000 to $49,999	135
$50,000 to $59,999	310
$60,000 to $69,999	275
$70,000 to $79,999	235
$80,000 to $89,999	260
$90,000 to $99,999	215
$100,000 and over	1,535
$100,000 to $124,999	495
$125,000 to $149,999	385
$150,000 to $199,999	375
$200,000 and over	285
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	3,735
Under $5,000	40
$5,000 to $9,999	35
$10,000 to $14,999	40
$15,000 to $19,999	65
$20,000 to $24,999	115
$25,000 to $29,999	120
$30,000 to $34,999	135
$35,000 to $39,999	160
$40,000 to $44,999	145
$45,000 to $49,999	165
$50,000 to $59,999	350
$60,000 to $69,999	305
$70,000 to $79,999	290
$80,000 to $89,999	275
$90,000 to $99,999	265
$100,000 and over	1,235
$100,000 to $124,999	510
$125,000 to $149,999	305
$150,000 and over	420
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,825
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,475
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	995
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	270
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,240
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,815
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,300
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,465
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	995
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	270
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,245
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	9,090
0 to 17 years	1,560
0 to 5 years	395
18 to 64 years	5,295
65 years and over	2,230
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	925
0 to 17 years	170
0 to 5 years	45
18 to 64 years	510
65 years and over	235
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6
65 years and over (%)	10.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	9,085
0 to 17 years	1,560
0 to 5 years	395
18 to 64 years	5,300
65 years and over	2,235
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	290
0 to 17 years	55
0 to 5 years	15
18 to 64 years	205
65 years and over	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9
65 years and over (%)	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	9,090
In bottom half of the distribution	4,540
In bottom decile	880
In second decile	850
In third decile	880
In fourth decile	965
In fifth decile	975
In top half of the distribution	4,545
In sixth decile	985
In seventh decile	955
In eighth decile	980
In ninth decile	840
In top decile	785
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	9,085
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.310
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.421
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	9,160
English only	8,540
French only	0
English and French	610
Neither English nor French	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	9,160
English	9,030
French	115
English and French	5
Neither English nor French	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	9,160
Single responses	9,070
Official languages	8,615
English	8,490
French	125
Non-official languages	460
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	460
Afro-Asiatic languages	5
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	5
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	15
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	370
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	35
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	5
Russian	10
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	285
Frisian	0
High German languages	195
German	180
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	50
Low German, n.o.s.	15
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	20
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5
Indo-Aryan languages	5
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	5
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	10
Romanian	5
Spanish	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25
Chinese languages	25
Hakka	0
Mandarin	10
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	20
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	90
English and French	40
English and non-official language(s)	35
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	9,160
English	8,725
French	15
Non-official language	40
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	40
English and French	100
English and non-official language(s)	255
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	9,160
Single responses	9,130
Official languages	9,045
English	9,015
French	35
Non-official languages	80
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	50
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	45
Frisian	0
High German languages	35
German	30
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	15
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15
Chinese languages	15
Hakka	0
Mandarin	10
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	5
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	30
English and French	5
English and non-official language(s)	25
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	9,160
None	8,805
English	50
French	80
Non-official language	195
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	195
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	9,090
Official languages	9,070
English	9,070
French	610
Non-official languages	755
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	10
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	755
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	20
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	630
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	50
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	45
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	15
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	375
Frisian	0
High German languages	285
German	285
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	65
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	20
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10
Indo-Aryan languages	10
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	215
Catalan	0
Italian	30
Portuguese	15
Romanian	0
Spanish	170
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20
Chinese languages	20
Hakka	0
Mandarin	20
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	30
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,090
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	630
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	590
First Nations (North American Indian)	335
Métis	255
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0
Non-Indigenous identity	8,460
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,090
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	180
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,910
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	3,735
Owner	3,230
Renter	500
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	3,735
Condominium	70
Not condominium	3,670
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	3,735
No bedrooms	15
1 bedroom	245
2 bedrooms	895
3 bedrooms	1,615
4 or more bedrooms	965
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	3,735
1 to 4 rooms	710
5 rooms	650
6 rooms	590
7 rooms	560
8 or more rooms	1,215
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	3,735
One person or fewer per room	3,690
More than one person per room	45
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	3,735
Suitable	3,580
Not suitable	155
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	3,735
1960 or before	400
1961 to 1980	1,190
1981 to 1990	760
1991 to 2000	700
2001 to 2005	125
2006 to 2010	150
2011 to 2015	205
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	195
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	3,735
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,470
Major repairs needed	260
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	3,735
One-maintainer household	1,605
Two-maintainer household	1,920
Three-or-more-maintainer household	210
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	3,735
15 to 24 years	50
25 to 34 years	230
35 to 44 years	520
45 to 54 years	650
55 to 64 years	955
65 to 74 years	885
75 to 84 years	315
85 years and over	125
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	3,540
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,920
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	620
30% to less than 100%	545
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	3,735
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	945
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	550
Not suitable only	140
Major repairs needed only	175
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	65
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	2,785
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	3,470
In core need	230
Not in core need	3,240
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,055
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.7
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.1
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,322
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	789,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	500
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.3
% in core housing need⁶³	19.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,092
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	9,090
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	125
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	125
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	80
Métis single ancestry	45
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	610
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	605
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	440
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	8,350
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	9,090
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	8,875
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,535
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,340
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	210
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	9,090
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	8,080
Immigrants⁸¹	1,000
Before 1980	480
1980 to 1990	135
1991 to 2000	110
2001 to 2010	150
2011 to 2021⁸²	115
2011 to 2015	35
2016 to 2021	75
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	995
Under 5 years	180
5 to 14 years	210
15 to 24 years	190
25 to 44 years	335
45 years and over	90
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	995
Americas	220
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
El Salvador	0
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	185
Other places of birth in Americas	20
Europe	575
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	0
France	10
Germany	115
Greece	0
Hungary	10
Italy	0
Netherlands	55
Poland	10
Portugal	0
Romania	10
Russian Federation	20
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	265
Other places of birth in Europe	65
Africa	25
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	15
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	110
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Taiwan	0
Philippines	25
Viet Nam	20
Bangladesh	0
India	0
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	75
Americas	20
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	35
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	0
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	0
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	0
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	20
Australia	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	9,090
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,100
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,720
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,270
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	515
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	245
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	95
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	150
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	240
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	515
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	115
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	345
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	9,090
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	245
South Asian	35
Chinese	40
Black	60
Filipino	20
Arab	0
Latin American	20
Southeast Asian	30
West Asian	0
Korean	15
Japanese	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10
Multiple visible minorities	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	8,850
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	9,090
Canadian	1,610
English	2,915
Irish	1,630
Scottish	2,150
French, n.o.s.¹²²	880
German	1,485
Chinese	25
Italian	285
Indian (India)	35
Ukrainian	405
Dutch	615
Polish	260
Québécois	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	615
Filipino	25
French Canadian	100
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	250
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	320
Métis	205
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	275
Russian	225
Norwegian	385
Welsh	265
Portuguese	15
American	115
Spanish	75
Swedish	280
Hungarian	100
Acadian	10
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35
Jewish	70
Punjabi	0
Vietnamese	35
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0
Greek	15
Jamaican	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55
Korean	20
Romanian	50
Lebanese	10
Iranian	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	30
Danish	265
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	30
Sikh	0
Austrian	90
Belgian	40
Haitian	0
Hindu	0
Mexican	35
Mennonite	40
Swiss	140
Finnish	120
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	15
Japanese	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50
Muslim	0
Egyptian	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	0
Icelandic	45
Colombian	0
Moroccan	0
Czech	70
Syrian	0
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0
Serbian	15
Ojibway	35
Newfoundlander	15
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	0
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	10
Nigerian	0
Armenian	0
Slovak	40
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	25
South African	20
Australian	45
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	15
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	30
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15
Bulgarian	10
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	0
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30
British Columbian	45
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	15
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20
Coptic	0
Thai	10
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	15
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	15
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	9,090
Buddhist	35
Christian	2,810
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	855
Anabaptist	90
Anglican	345
Baptist	150
Catholic	705
Christian Orthodox	0
Jehovah's Witness	65
Latter Day Saints	15
Lutheran	65
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	60
Presbyterian	25
Reformed	0
United Church	285
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	150
Hindu	10
Jewish	10
Muslim	0
Sikh	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	120
No religion and secular perspectives	6,100
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	9,040
Non-movers	8,180
Movers	860
Non-migrants	345
Migrants	510
Internal migrants	495
Intraprovincial migrants	405
Interprovincial migrants	90
External migrants	20
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	8,720
Non-movers	5,725
Movers	3,000
Non-migrants	470
Migrants	2,520
Internal migrants	2,480
Intraprovincial migrants	2,140
Interprovincial migrants	340
External migrants	50
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,805
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,190
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,615
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,815
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	500
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,315
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,805
No certificate, diploma or degree	960
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,340
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,820
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	980
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	375
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	605
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,615
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	230
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,515
Bachelor's degree	1,010
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30
Master's degree	310
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,815
No certificate, diploma or degree	340
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,995
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,960
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	665
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	260
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,125
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	175
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,035
Bachelor's degree	670
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	95
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30
Master's degree	215
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,800
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,465
Education	350
13. Education	350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	210
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0
50. Visual and performing arts	200
Humanities	190
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35
23. English language and literature/letters	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	40
54. History	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	65
22. Legal professions and studies	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10
42. Psychology	70
45. Social sciences	160
Business, management and public administration	615
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	55
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	560
Physical and life sciences and technologies	155
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	65
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	55
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	960
04. Architecture and related services	0
14. Engineering	60
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	155
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	300
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	285
48. Precision production	150
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	250
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	125
03. Natural resources and conservation	125
Health and related fields	815
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	50
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	750
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	345
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	165
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	140
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,815
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,825
Education	200
13. Education	200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	135
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0
50. Visual and performing arts	135
Humanities	125
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15
23. English language and literature/letters	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	35
54. History	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	300
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60
22. Legal professions and studies	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10
42. Psychology	50
45. Social sciences	115
Business, management and public administration	425
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	40
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	375
Physical and life sciences and technologies	115
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	610
04. Architecture and related services	0
14. Engineering	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	95
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	190
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	210
48. Precision production	90
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	185
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	90
Health and related fields	595
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	40
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	550
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	260
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	140
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	95
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	4,815
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,995
Location of study inside Canada	2,725
Same as province or territory of residence	2,080
Different than province or territory of residence	645
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	270
Americas	90
United States of America	90
Mexico	0
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0
Europe	90
Belgium	0
France	0
Germany	15
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	10
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10
Africa	0
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	30
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	0
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Philippines	0
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	0
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0
Oceania	50
Australia	45
New Zealand	15
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	7,805
In the labour force	4,600
Employed	4,255
Unemployed	345
Not in the labour force	3,200
Participation rate	58.9
Employment rate	54.5
Unemployment rate	7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	7,800
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,225
Worked	4,580
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	2,090
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,490
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	4,605
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	4,515
Employee	3,250
Permanent position	2,655
Temporary position	600
Fixed term (1 year or more)	135
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	465
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,265
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	4,605
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90
All occupations¹⁹¹	4,515
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	30
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	650
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	275
3 Health occupations	365
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	155
6 Sales and service occupations	850
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,130
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	470
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	95
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	4,605
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90
All industries¹⁹¹	4,515
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	535
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80
22 Utilities	25
23 Construction	605
31-33 Manufacturing	160
41 Wholesale trade	120
44-45 Retail trade	440
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	220
51 Information and cultural industries	45
52 Finance and insurance	85
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	80
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	320
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	185
61 Educational services	295
62 Health care and social assistance	605
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	120
72 Accommodation and food services	170
81 Other services (except public administration)	230
91 Public administration	195
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	5,045
English	4,920
French	20
Non-official language	0
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	0
English and French	50
English and non-official language(s)	55
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	5,045
Single responses	5,035
Official languages	5,025
English	4,995
French	30
Non-official languages	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	15
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	5,045
None	4,955
English	10
French	35
Non-official language	45
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	45
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	4,260
Worked at home	1,015
Worked outside Canada	15
No fixed workplace address	1,025
Usual place of work	2,195
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	2,195
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	315
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,190
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	655
Commute to a different province or territory	40
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,225
Car, truck or van	2,935
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,755
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	180
Public transit	10
Walked	110
Bicycle	50
Other method	125
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,225
Less than 15 minutes	810
15 to 29 minutes	1,310
30 to 44 minutes	705
45 to 59 minutes	140
60 minutes and over	265
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,225
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	185
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	525
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	805
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	935
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	390
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	385
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,585
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	110
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,480
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,245
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	100
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	50
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,145

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 11, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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