Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kelowna, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	144,576	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	127,390^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	67,115	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	62,209	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	682.4	...	...	682.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	211.85	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	144,575	70,330	74,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,585	9,915	9,670	13.5	14.1	13.0
0 to 4 years	5,705	2,915	2,790	3.9	4.1	3.8
5 to 9 years	6,725	3,395	3,325	4.7	4.8	4.5
10 to 14 years	7,160	3,605	3,550	5.0	5.1	4.8
15 to 64 years	93,985	46,430	47,560	65.0	66.0	64.1
15 to 19 years	7,360	3,765	3,600	5.1	5.4	4.8
20 to 24 years	10,285	5,295	4,985	7.1	7.5	6.7
25 to 29 years	10,660	5,415	5,245	7.4	7.7	7.1
30 to 34 years	10,250	5,160	5,095	7.1	7.3	6.9
35 to 39 years	9,780	4,895	4,880	6.8	7.0	6.6
40 to 44 years	8,775	4,275	4,500	6.1	6.1	6.1
45 to 49 years	8,420	4,175	4,245	5.8	5.9	5.7
50 to 54 years	8,695	4,205	4,490	6.0	6.0	6.0
55 to 59 years	9,845	4,615	5,230	6.8	6.6	7.0
60 to 64 years	9,920	4,630	5,285	6.9	6.6	7.1
65 years and over	31,005	13,985	17,015	21.4	19.9	22.9
65 to 69 years	8,790	4,045	4,750	6.1	5.8	6.4
70 to 74 years	7,745	3,685	4,060	5.4	5.2	5.5
75 to 79 years	5,555	2,590	2,965	3.8	3.7	4.0
80 to 84 years	4,210	1,880	2,325	2.9	2.7	3.1
85 years and over	4,710	1,790	2,915	3.3	2.5	3.9
85 to 89 years	2,845	1,150	1,690	2.0	1.6	2.3
90 to 94 years	1,430	535	895	1.0	0.8	1.2
95 to 99 years	360	90	270	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	75	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.5	14.1	13.0	13.5	14.1	13.0
15 to 64 years	65.0	66.0	64.1	65.0	66.0	64.1
65 years and over	21.4	19.9	22.9	21.4	19.9	22.9
85 years and over	3.3	2.5	3.9	3.3	2.5	3.9
Average age of the population	43.4	42.3	44.5	43.4	42.3	44.5
Median age of the population	42.4	40.8	44.0	42.4	40.8	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	62,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,440	...	...	42.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,040	...	...	4.9	...	...
Row house	4,945	...	...	7.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,650	...	...	10.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	17,810	...	...	28.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,400	...	...	3.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	805	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	62,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	19,165	...	...	30.8	...	...
2 persons	23,755	...	...	38.2	...	...
3 persons	8,220	...	...	13.2	...	...
4 persons	7,060	...	...	11.3	...	...
5 or more persons	4,010	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	141,755	69,070	72,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	124,990	60,420	64,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	69,735	34,890	34,850	55.8	57.7	54.0
Married	55,825	27,900	27,925	44.7	46.2	43.2
Living common-law	13,910	6,990	6,920	11.1	11.6	10.7
Living common law - Never married	10,090	5,070	5,015	8.1	8.4	7.8
Living common law - Separated	545	265	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,950	1,520	1,430	2.4	2.5	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	330	130	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	55,260	25,525	29,730	44.2	42.2	46.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	35,430	19,265	16,165	28.3	31.9	25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,280	1,330	1,945	2.6	2.2	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,425	3,425	5,995	7.5	5.7	9.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,130	1,505	5,625	5.7	2.5	8.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	39,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	23,620	...	...	59.5	...	...
3 persons	7,165	...	...	18.0	...	...
4 persons	6,595	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,350	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	39,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	34,040	...	...	85.7	...	...
Married couples	27,090	...	...	68.2	...	...
With children⁶	12,290	...	...	30.9	...	...
Without children	14,800	...	...	37.3	...	...
Common-law couples	6,950	...	...	17.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,835	...	...	4.6	...	...
Without children	5,120	...	...	12.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,690	...	...	14.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,365	...	...	11.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,320	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	141,755	69,070	72,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	107,575	53,085	54,485	75.9	76.9	75.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	68,080	34,065	34,015	48.0	49.3	46.8
Parents in one-parent families	5,685	1,320	4,370	4.0	1.9	6.0
Children⁶	33,810	17,700	16,105	23.9	25.6	22.2
In a two-parent family	25,545	13,350	12,195	18.0	19.3	16.8
In a one-parent family	8,260	4,355	3,910	5.8	6.3	5.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	34,185	15,985	18,200	24.1	23.1	25.0
Living alone	19,165	7,910	11,260	13.5	11.5	15.5
Living with other relatives⁷	3,335	1,540	1,795	2.4	2.2	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	11,680	6,535	5,145	8.2	9.5	7.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	62,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	34,300	...	...	55.1	...	...
Couple-family households	29,890	...	...	48.0	...	...
With children⁶	12,250	...	...	19.7	...	...
Without children	17,635	...	...	28.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,415	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,325	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	465	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,450	...	...	3.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,495	...	...	7.2	...	...
One-person households	19,165	...	...	30.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	122,185	59,165	63,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	119,350	57,780	61,570	97.7	97.7	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,200	37,200	41,600	47,200	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	119,445	57,845	61,595	97.8	97.8	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,400	34,400	37,600	42,400	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	109,785	53,560	56,220	89.9	90.5	89.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,400	28,400	34,800	42,400	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,785	43,295	42,490	70.2	73.2	67.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,600	29,600	35,200	41,600	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,420	45,540	53,880	81.4	77.0	85.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	9,100	11,000	10,100	9,100	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,415	5,455	5,960	9.3	9.2	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,160	15,350	17,815	27.1	25.9	28.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	122,175	59,210	62,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,375	57,805	61,570	97.7	97.6	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,900	63,550	46,760	54,900	63,550	46,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,460	57,870	61,585	97.8	97.7	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,160	52,300	40,400	46,160	52,300	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	109,660	53,550	56,110	89.8	90.4	89.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,800	59,850	40,160	49,800	59,850	40,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,775	43,280	42,500	70.2	73.1	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000	54,900	38,960	47,000	54,900	38,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,485	45,660	53,825	81.4	77.1	85.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,980	10,250	11,600	10,980	10,250	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,020	5,355	5,660	9.0	9.0	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,420	6,200	6,630	6,420	6,200	6,630
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,695	15,080	17,615	26.8	25.5	28.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	8,400	8,770	8,600	8,400	8,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	122,175	59,205	62,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,915	21,180	16,735	31.0	35.8	26.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	65,500	55,600	60,800	65,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,700	80,000	63,350	72,700	80,000	63,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	37,180	16,935	20,240	30.4	28.6	32.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	20,800	17,800	19,000	20,800	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	33,480	24,840	28,800	33,480	24,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	87.2	78.4	83.4	87.2	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.5	64.6	57.5	61.5	64.6	57.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.7	12.7	21.7	16.7	12.7	21.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.2	6.8	5.3	4.2	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.5	5.4	4.3	3.5	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	122,190	59,170	63,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,840	1,390	1,450	2.3	2.3	2.3
With total income	119,345	57,775	61,570	97.7	97.6	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,005	4,040	4,965	7.5	7.0	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	13,335	5,565	7,765	11.2	9.6	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	19,025	7,910	11,110	15.9	13.7	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	16,180	6,870	9,310	13.6	11.9	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	13,990	6,280	7,715	11.7	10.9	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	11,320	5,415	5,910	9.5	9.4	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	8,495	4,485	4,010	7.1	7.8	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	6,550	3,655	2,900	5.5	6.3	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	5,000	2,820	2,180	4.2	4.9	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,745	2,235	1,510	3.1	3.9	2.5
$100,000 and over	12,695	8,500	4,195	10.6	14.7	6.8
$100,000 to $149,999	7,890	5,015	2,870	6.6	8.7	4.7
$150,000 and over	4,805	3,480	1,325	4.0	6.0	2.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	122,190	59,170	63,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,745	1,325	1,420	2.2	2.2	2.3
With after-tax income	119,440	57,845	61,600	97.7	97.8	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,600	4,260	5,335	8.0	7.4	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	13,825	5,790	8,035	11.6	10.0	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	21,580	9,020	12,565	18.1	15.6	20.4
$30,000 to $39,999	18,620	8,130	10,485	15.6	14.1	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	15,850	7,345	8,505	13.3	12.7	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	11,665	6,025	5,640	9.8	10.4	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	8,310	4,655	3,660	7.0	8.0	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,835	3,340	2,500	4.9	5.8	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,075	2,395	1,680	3.4	4.1	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,595	1,635	955	2.2	2.8	1.6
$100,000 and over	7,485	5,250	2,235	6.3	9.1	3.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,405	2,275	1,130	2.9	3.9	1.8
$125,000 and over	4,085	2,975	1,105	3.4	5.1	1.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	122,190	59,170	63,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	36,410	15,875	20,535	29.8	26.8	32.6
With employment income	85,780	43,290	42,485	70.2	73.2	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,080	5,660	6,415	14.1	13.1	15.1
$5,000 to $9,999	7,035	3,020	4,020	8.2	7.0	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,825	4,715	6,110	12.6	10.9	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	8,735	3,875	4,865	10.2	9.0	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	8,095	3,740	4,360	9.4	8.6	10.3
$40,000 to $49,999	7,800	3,710	4,090	9.1	8.6	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,820	3,455	3,365	8.0	8.0	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,475	3,035	2,435	6.4	7.0	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,410	2,585	1,820	5.1	6.0	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,400	1,975	1,425	4.0	4.6	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,685	1,610	1,075	3.1	3.7	2.5
$100,000 and over	8,415	5,910	2,500	9.8	13.7	5.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,875	2,465	1,405	4.5	5.7	3.3
$125,000 and over	4,545	3,445	1,095	5.3	8.0	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	122,185	59,165	63,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	116,520	56,205	60,310	95.4	95.0	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,600	34,000	38,800	45,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	116,660	56,240	60,415	95.5	95.1	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	31,000	35,200	40,400	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	108,610	52,875	55,730	88.9	89.4	88.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	43,200	29,800	35,600	43,200	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,350	44,245	44,105	72.3	74.8	70.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,800	29,200	34,400	40,800	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,730	34,910	45,825	66.1	59.0	72.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,560	7,100	6,600	5,560	7,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,095	3,855	4,245	6.6	6.5	6.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,280	5,680	5,480	5,280	5,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	122,175	59,210	62,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	116,645	56,345	60,295	95.5	95.2	95.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,900	62,750	43,720	52,900	62,750	43,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	116,815	56,395	60,415	95.6	95.2	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,960	51,000	37,400	43,960	51,000	37,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	108,740	53,015	55,725	89.0	89.5	88.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,440	61,300	40,160	50,440	61,300	40,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,475	44,290	44,185	72.4	74.8	70.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,880	54,600	37,120	45,880	54,600	37,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,335	34,675	45,660	65.8	58.6	72.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,540	8,290	8,740	8,540	8,290	8,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,295	4,075	4,220	6.8	6.9	6.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,960	6,180	7,710	6,960	6,180	7,710
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	122,175	59,205	62,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,575	20,950	16,625	30.8	35.4	26.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	62,000	50,800	56,000	62,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,600	75,700	57,350	67,600	75,700	57,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	35,595	16,125	19,470	29.1	27.2	30.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	26,600	21,200	23,400	26,600	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,920	40,960	28,080	33,920	40,960	28,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.8	91.8	84.8	88.8	91.8	84.8
Employment income (%)	65.8	68.4	62.2	65.8	68.4	62.2
Government transfers (%)	11.1	8.1	15.1	11.1	8.1	15.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.2	0.9	0.7	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	62,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	43,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	62,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,300	...	...	105,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,700	...	...	88,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,900	...	...	52,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	43,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...	128,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,100	...	...	108,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	62,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	780	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	355	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	570	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,200	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,530	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,140	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,050	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,430	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,440	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,335	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,700	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,375	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,215	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,860	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,525	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	24,690	...	...	39.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,060	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,300	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,235	...	...	10.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,105	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	62,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	915	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	595	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,260	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,670	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,490	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,345	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,790	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,805	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,750	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,290	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,095	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,725	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,290	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,590	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,230	...	...	32.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,240	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,800	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,190	...	...	13.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	39,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,185	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	30,850	14,445	16,405	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	38,800	36,400	37,600	38,800	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	35,600	34,000	34,400	35,600	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	39,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,400	...	...	129,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,900	...	...	96,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,200	...	...	166,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,800	...	...	81,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,600	...	...	72,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	30,675	14,445	16,230	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	48,680	45,880	47,200	48,680	45,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,880	41,800	40,080	40,880	41,800	40,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	141,760	69,070	72,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,795	12,025	11,765	16.8	17.4	16.2
0 to 5 years	7,000	3,565	3,440	4.9	5.2	4.7
18 to 64 years	89,010	43,815	45,195	62.8	63.4	62.2
65 years and over	28,955	13,230	15,725	20.4	19.2	21.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,290	6,500	7,795	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,525	1,275	1,250	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	750	385	365	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,110	3,965	4,145	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,660	1,260	2,400	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.4	10.7	10.1	9.4	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.6
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.6	10.7	10.8	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	9.1	9.2	9.1	9.1	9.2
65 years and over (%)	12.6	9.5	15.3	12.6	9.5	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	141,755	69,070	72,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,795	12,030	11,770	16.8	17.4	16.2
0 to 5 years	7,005	3,560	3,440	4.9	5.2	4.7
18 to 64 years	89,010	43,810	45,195	62.8	63.4	62.2
65 years and over	28,950	13,230	15,725	20.4	19.2	21.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,865	3,630	3,235	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	975	505	470	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	235	120	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,340	2,875	2,465	...	...	...
65 years and over	545	250	295	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.8	5.3	4.5	4.8	5.3	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	6.6	5.5	6.0	6.6	5.5
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	141,760	69,070	72,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	68,455	32,285	36,170	48.3	46.7	49.8
In bottom decile	14,695	7,090	7,605	10.4	10.3	10.5
In second decile	13,775	6,135	7,645	9.7	8.9	10.5
In third decile	13,265	6,255	7,005	9.4	9.1	9.6
In fourth decile	12,985	6,140	6,845	9.2	8.9	9.4
In fifth decile	13,735	6,670	7,070	9.7	9.7	9.7
In top half of the distribution	73,300	36,785	36,520	51.7	53.3	50.2
In sixth decile	13,810	6,840	6,970	9.7	9.9	9.6
In seventh decile	13,815	6,840	6,980	9.7	9.9	9.6
In eighth decile	14,495	7,280	7,215	10.2	10.5	9.9
In ninth decile	14,805	7,440	7,365	10.4	10.8	10.1
In top decile	16,375	8,385	7,990	11.6	12.1	11.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	141,755	...	...	141,755	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.342	...	...	0.342	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.444	...	...	0.444	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	142,625	69,485	73,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	130,800	64,120	66,685	91.7	92.3	91.2
French only	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	10,680	4,855	5,825	7.5	7.0	8.0
Neither English nor French	1,095	490	605	0.8	0.7	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	142,625	69,485	73,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	139,285	67,935	71,350	97.7	97.8	97.6
French	1,980	935	1,040	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	300	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	1,060	470	585	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	142,625	69,485	73,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	139,410	67,900	71,505	97.7	97.7	97.8
Official languages	119,895	58,770	61,125	84.1	84.6	83.6
English	117,795	57,790	60,000	82.6	83.2	82.0
French	2,100	975	1,125	1.5	1.4	1.5
Non-official languages	19,510	9,130	10,380	13.7	13.1	14.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,480	9,115	10,360	13.7	13.1	14.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	665	355	305	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	645	350	295	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	570	315	250	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	360	155	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	345	145	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,550	630	925	1.1	0.9	1.3
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,225	490	735	0.9	0.7	1.0
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	175	100	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,245	6,340	6,905	9.3	9.1	9.4
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,410	1,060	1,350	1.7	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,380	1,045	1,335	1.7	1.5	1.8
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	465	200	265	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	650	285	365	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	400	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	180	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	465	180	285	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,715	1,685	2,025	2.6	2.4	2.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,770	1,235	1,535	1.9	1.8	2.1
German	2,655	1,185	1,475	1.9	1.7	2.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	760	375	390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	175	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	510	240	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	65	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	180	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,380	2,255	2,120	3.1	3.2	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	3,870	1,980	1,890	2.7	2.8	2.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	325	175	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,065	1,540	1,525	2.1	2.2	2.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	510	280	230	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	465	255	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	400	215	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,590	1,260	1,330	1.8	1.8	1.8
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	610	290	315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	510	245	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Spanish	1,245	605	640	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	345	105	235	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	590	275	320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,690	770	925	1.2	1.1	1.3
Chinese languages	1,675	765	910	1.2	1.1	1.2
Hakka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,065	485	580	0.7	0.7	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	525	240	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	500	225	275	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	400	185	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,215	1,590	1,630	2.3	2.3	2.2
English and French	560	280	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,325	1,145	1,175	1.6	1.6	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	240	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	142,625	69,485	73,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	123,040	60,185	62,850	86.3	86.6	85.9
French	340	160	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	4,335	2,120	2,215	3.0	3.1	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,330	2,115	2,210	3.0	3.0	3.0
English and French	1,470	665	805	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	12,690	5,995	6,690	8.9	8.6	9.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	400	190	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	340	160	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	142,625	69,485	73,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	139,925	68,180	71,745	98.1	98.1	98.1
Official languages	131,250	63,935	67,315	92.0	92.0	92.0
English	130,760	63,705	67,050	91.7	91.7	91.7
French	490	225	265	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	8,675	4,245	4,430	6.1	6.1	6.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,670	4,245	4,425	6.1	6.1	6.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	410	210	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	405	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	385	200	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200	85	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	800	365	435	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	675	310	365	0.5	0.4	0.5
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,275	2,620	2,650	3.7	3.8	3.6
Albanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	670	315	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	655	310	345	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	545	260	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	400	190	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	380	185	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,955	1,505	1,450	2.1	2.2	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,700	1,360	1,335	1.9	2.0	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,265	1,135	1,135	1.6	1.6	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	255	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	240	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	205	110	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,050	520	530	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	605	300	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	420	200	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,045	525	525	0.7	0.8	0.7
Chinese languages	1,040	525	515	0.7	0.8	0.7
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	730	365	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,700	1,300	1,395	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and French	205	105	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,395	1,155	1,245	1.7	1.7	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	142,625	69,490	73,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	129,935	63,550	66,390	91.1	91.5	90.8
English	3,675	1,805	1,865	2.6	2.6	2.5
French	1,180	530	650	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	6,370	2,895	3,470	4.5	4.2	4.7
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,325	2,880	3,450	4.4	4.1	4.7
English and French	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	480	230	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	675	330	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	141,760	69,095	72,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	140,670	68,595	72,075	99.2	99.3	99.2
English	140,635	68,580	72,060	99.2	99.3	99.2
French	10,650	4,930	5,720	7.5	7.1	7.9
Non-official languages	27,255	12,790	14,460	19.2	18.5	19.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	27,160	12,745	14,415	19.2	18.4	19.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	895	485	410	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	880	470	410	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	745	400	345	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	475	240	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	460	240	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,020	790	1,230	1.4	1.1	1.7
Bikol	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	160	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	160	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,840	695	1,150	1.3	1.0	1.6
Waray-Waray	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	265	155	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	140	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	60	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,125	9,045	10,085	13.5	13.1	13.9
Albanian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,395	1,495	1,900	2.4	2.2	2.6
Baltic languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,370	1,485	1,880	2.4	2.1	2.6
Belarusian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	260	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	755	290	465	0.5	0.4	0.6
Russian	1,300	620	680	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	595	305	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	340	175	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbian	235	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	730	300	430	0.5	0.4	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5,280	2,480	2,805	3.7	3.6	3.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,985	1,890	2,095	2.8	2.7	2.9
German	3,915	1,865	2,050	2.8	2.7	2.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,065	535	535	0.8	0.8	0.7
Afrikaans	380	200	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dutch	645	310	330	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	360	120	240	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	195	75	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5,920	3,025	2,895	4.2	4.4	4.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5,280	2,680	2,600	3.7	3.9	3.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	175	105	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,895	985	905	1.3	1.4	1.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,115	2,045	2,070	2.9	3.0	2.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	355	190	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	655	350	295	0.5	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	625	340	290	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dari	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	520	280	240	0.4	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,140	2,330	2,815	3.6	3.4	3.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,040	470	575	0.7	0.7	0.8
Portuguese	710	350	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,485	1,520	1,965	2.5	2.2	2.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	695	330	375	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	725	340	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	305	115	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	270	110	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,090	990	1,105	1.5	1.4	1.5
Chinese languages	2,055	970	1,080	1.4	1.4	1.5
Hakka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,575	775	805	1.1	1.1	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	745	315	435	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	175	55	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	175	55	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	165	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	550	265	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	425	215	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	141,760	69,095	72,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,940	3,700	4,240	5.6	5.4	5.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,590	3,545	4,045	5.4	5.1	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,395	1,595	1,805	2.4	2.3	2.5
Métis	4,165	1,945	2,225	2.9	2.8	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	225	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	133,820	65,400	68,425	94.4	94.7	94.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	141,760	69,095	72,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,095	960	1,135	1.5	1.4	1.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	139,665	68,140	71,530	98.5	98.6	98.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	62,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	40,250	...	...	64.7	...	...
Renter	21,955	...	...	35.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	62,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	17,795	...	...	28.6	...	...
Not condominium	44,415	...	...	71.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	62,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	780	...	...	1.3	...	...
1 bedroom	8,465	...	...	13.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,985	...	...	33.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,685	...	...	23.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,290	...	...	27.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	62,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	21,325	...	...	34.3	...	...
5 rooms	9,145	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	7,700	...	...	12.4	...	...
7 rooms	6,400	...	...	10.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,635	...	...	28.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	62,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	61,440	...	...	98.8	...	...
More than one person per room	770	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	62,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	59,885	...	...	96.3	...	...
Not suitable	2,325	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	62,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,985	...	...	6.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,745	...	...	25.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,525	...	...	13.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,745	...	...	17.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,240	...	...	8.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,445	...	...	10.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,995	...	...	6.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	7,520	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	62,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	59,800	...	...	96.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,405	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	62,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	30,035	...	...	48.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	28,260	...	...	45.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,915	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	62,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,060	...	...	4.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,335	...	...	15.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,030	...	...	16.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,670	...	...	15.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,600	...	...	18.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,840	...	...	15.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,015	...	...	9.7	...	...
85 years and over	2,665	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	61,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,840	...	...	72.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,870	...	...	27.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	14,885	...	...	24.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	62,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	20,210	...	...	32.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15,620	...	...	25.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,715	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,505	...	...	2.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	465	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	760	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	42,000	...	...	67.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	59,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,550	...	...	9.3	...	...
Not in core need	54,175	...	...	90.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,995	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.0	...	...	58.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.1	...	...	18.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...	1,340	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,614	...	...	1,614	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	725,000	...	...	725,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	796,000	...	...	796,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,940	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.2	...	...	44.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.8	...	...	17.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,536	...	...	1,536	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	141,755	69,090	72,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,030	910	1,120	1.4	1.3	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,975	905	1,070	1.4	1.3	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,270	600	670	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis single ancestry	685	300	385	0.5	0.4	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55	0	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,325	3,025	3,300	4.5	4.4	4.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,155	2,925	3,230	4.3	4.2	4.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,505	1,650	1,855	2.5	2.4	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,640	1,275	1,365	1.9	1.8	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	170	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	95	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	133,405	65,160	68,245	94.1	94.3	93.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	141,755	69,095	72,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	131,200	63,870	67,335	92.6	92.4	92.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,545	11,395	11,150	15.9	16.5	15.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	108,655	52,470	56,180	76.6	75.9	77.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,555	5,230	5,330	7.4	7.6	7.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	141,755	69,095	72,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	116,175	56,785	59,385	82.0	82.2	81.7
Immigrants⁸¹	21,635	10,245	11,385	15.3	14.8	15.7
Before 1980	6,175	2,865	3,310	4.4	4.1	4.6
1980 to 1990	2,185	1,030	1,150	1.5	1.5	1.6
1991 to 2000	3,040	1,390	1,650	2.1	2.0	2.3
2001 to 2010	4,100	1,965	2,130	2.9	2.8	2.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,130	2,990	3,140	4.3	4.3	4.3
2011 to 2015	2,590	1,250	1,335	1.8	1.8	1.8
2016 to 2021	3,545	1,740	1,810	2.5	2.5	2.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,950	2,060	1,885	2.8	3.0	2.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	21,635	10,245	11,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,360	1,230	1,125	10.9	12.0	9.9
5 to 14 years	3,700	1,950	1,755	17.1	19.0	15.4
15 to 24 years	4,385	2,030	2,355	20.3	19.8	20.7
25 to 44 years	9,355	4,165	5,185	43.2	40.7	45.5
45 years and over	1,835	870	970	8.5	8.5	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	21,635	10,245	11,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,890	1,275	1,615	13.4	12.4	14.2
Brazil	180	85	100	0.8	0.8	0.9
Colombia	130	50	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
El Salvador	95	60	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
Guyana	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	350	190	165	1.6	1.9	1.4
Mexico	285	105	180	1.3	1.0	1.6
Peru	50	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
United States of America	1,375	585	785	6.4	5.7	6.9
Other places of birth in Americas	360	145	215	1.7	1.4	1.9
Europe	9,310	4,515	4,790	43.0	44.1	42.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	70	60	0.6	0.7	0.5
Croatia	225	110	120	1.0	1.1	1.1
France	165	60	105	0.8	0.6	0.9
Germany	1,540	755	785	7.1	7.4	6.9
Greece	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hungary	245	130	115	1.1	1.3	1.0
Italy	420	205	215	1.9	2.0	1.9
Netherlands	485	225	255	2.2	2.2	2.2
Poland	585	205	385	2.7	2.0	3.4
Portugal	150	60	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Romania	200	90	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian Federation	290	110	180	1.3	1.1	1.6
Serbia⁸⁶	105	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Ukraine	335	170	165	1.5	1.7	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,055	1,640	1,410	14.1	16.0	12.4
Other places of birth in Europe	1,350	620	735	6.2	6.1	6.5
Africa	990	525	465	4.6	5.1	4.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	50	35	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	525	270	255	2.4	2.6	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	340	180	160	1.6	1.8	1.4
Asia	7,930	3,645	4,285	36.7	35.6	37.6
Afghanistan	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	330	170	160	1.5	1.7	1.4
Iraq	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	95	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	285	140	145	1.3	1.4	1.3
Turkey	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	960	425	535	4.4	4.1	4.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	175	65	110	0.8	0.6	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	435	210	230	2.0	2.0	2.0
Taiwan	95	50	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Philippines	1,620	625	1,000	7.5	6.1	8.8
Viet Nam	325	155	170	1.5	1.5	1.5
Bangladesh	85	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
India	2,335	1,165	1,165	10.8	11.4	10.2
Pakistan	205	100	105	0.9	1.0	0.9
Sri Lanka	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	840	365	475	3.9	3.6	4.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	525	280	240	2.4	2.7	2.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,545	1,740	1,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	695	330	360	19.6	19.0	19.9
Brazil	85	45	40	2.4	2.6	2.2
Colombia	40	20	25	1.1	1.1	1.4
Haiti	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	170	85	90	4.8	4.9	5.0
Mexico	85	40	40	2.4	2.3	2.2
United States of America	230	115	115	6.5	6.6	6.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.1
Other places of birth in Americas	50	20	25	1.4	1.1	1.4
Europe	660	360	300	18.6	20.7	16.6
France	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Germany	40	25	15	1.1	1.4	0.8
Ireland⁹⁶	50	30	20	1.4	1.7	1.1
Italy	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Russian Federation	55	15	40	1.6	0.9	2.2
Ukraine	90	60	30	2.5	3.4	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	245	150	95	6.9	8.6	5.3
Other places of birth in Europe	160	70	90	4.5	4.0	5.0
Africa	120	60	60	3.4	3.4	3.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	30	20	1.4	1.7	1.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	15	20	1.0	0.9	1.1
Asia	1,955	915	1,045	55.1	52.6	57.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	25	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.6
China⁹⁰	230	95	140	6.5	5.5	7.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.1
India	510	255	250	14.4	14.7	13.9
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	1.0	0.9	1.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	20	15	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Japan	35	0	30	1.0	0.0	1.7
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	115	50	70	3.2	2.9	3.9
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	65	30	35	1.8	1.7	1.9
Philippines	480	245	235	13.5	14.1	13.0
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	240	115	120	6.8	6.6	6.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	15	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	50	20	25	1.4	1.1	1.4
Other places of birth in Asia	60	15	45	1.7	0.9	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	115	75	40	3.2	4.3	2.2
Australia	85	50	35	2.4	2.9	1.9
Other places of birth⁹⁸	30	25	10	0.8	1.4	0.6
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	141,760	69,095	72,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	27,510	13,190	14,325	19.4	19.1	19.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	27,340	13,345	13,995	19.3	19.3	19.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	86,905	42,555	44,345	61.3	61.6	61.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15,460	7,380	8,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,740	4,420	4,320	56.5	59.9	53.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,625	2,185	1,435	23.4	29.6	17.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,115	2,235	2,885	33.1	30.3	35.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,030	2,135	2,895	32.5	28.9	35.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,630	800	825	10.5	10.8	10.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15,460	7,380	8,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	240	160	85	1.6	2.2	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,125	1,410	1,720	20.2	19.1	21.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	675	360	315	4.4	4.9	3.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,130	575	560	7.3	7.8	6.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105	35	70	0.7	0.5	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,175	4,850	5,325	65.8	65.7	65.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	141,760	69,095	72,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	19,795	9,515	10,285	14.0	13.8	14.2
South Asian	6,300	3,175	3,125	4.4	4.6	4.3
Chinese	2,645	1,250	1,395	1.9	1.8	1.9
Black	1,885	975	905	1.3	1.4	1.2
Filipino	2,410	995	1,415	1.7	1.4	1.9
Arab	615	325	285	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin American	1,315	600	715	0.9	0.9	1.0
Southeast Asian	965	450	510	0.7	0.7	0.7
West Asian	670	355	315	0.5	0.5	0.4
Korean	775	370	400	0.5	0.5	0.6
Japanese	1,230	510	725	0.9	0.7	1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	335	170	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	665	330	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	121,960	59,580	62,375	86.0	86.2	85.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	141,755	69,095	72,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,220	8,660	8,560	12.1	12.5	11.8
English	36,145	17,525	18,615	25.5	25.4	25.6
Irish	22,525	10,345	12,185	15.9	15.0	16.8
Scottish	27,050	13,080	13,970	19.1	18.9	19.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,635	5,990	6,640	8.9	8.7	9.1
German	26,825	13,175	13,645	18.9	19.1	18.8
Chinese	2,920	1,340	1,585	2.1	1.9	2.2
Italian	6,080	2,995	3,085	4.3	4.3	4.2
Indian (India)	3,900	1,985	1,915	2.8	2.9	2.6
Ukrainian	11,335	5,580	5,750	8.0	8.1	7.9
Dutch	6,400	3,160	3,235	4.5	4.6	4.5
Polish	6,255	2,950	3,305	4.4	4.3	4.5
Québécois	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,640	3,130	3,515	4.7	4.5	4.8
Filipino	2,230	940	1,290	1.6	1.4	1.8
French Canadian	1,420	705	720	1.0	1.0	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,580	1,330	1,250	1.8	1.9	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,290	1,015	1,275	1.6	1.5	1.8
Métis	3,545	1,675	1,870	2.5	2.4	2.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,305	1,570	1,740	2.3	2.3	2.4
Russian	5,410	2,630	2,775	3.8	3.8	3.8
Norwegian	5,085	2,375	2,710	3.6	3.4	3.7
Welsh	3,420	1,640	1,780	2.4	2.4	2.4
Portuguese	1,080	530	545	0.8	0.8	0.8
American	2,310	1,185	1,125	1.6	1.7	1.5
Spanish	1,115	490	625	0.8	0.7	0.9
Swedish	3,890	1,800	2,090	2.7	2.6	2.9
Hungarian	2,420	1,185	1,240	1.7	1.7	1.7
Acadian	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	305	165	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	610	300	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	860	465	395	0.6	0.7	0.5
Punjabi	1,265	615	650	0.9	0.9	0.9
Vietnamese	570	285	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	260	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	725	335	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	535	280	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	490	225	265	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	700	390	310	0.5	0.6	0.4
Korean	755	370	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	1,200	640	555	0.8	0.9	0.8
Lebanese	415	205	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	495	260	240	0.3	0.4	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	300	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,805	845	965	1.3	1.2	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	715	355	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	880	465	415	0.6	0.7	0.6
Austrian	2,175	1,075	1,100	1.5	1.6	1.5
Belgian	760	315	445	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haitian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	680	350	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	870	420	450	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swiss	1,170	590	575	0.8	0.9	0.8
Finnish	1,050	455	600	0.7	0.7	0.8
Sri Lankan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	785	350	435	0.6	0.5	0.6
Japanese	1,485	655	830	1.0	0.9	1.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	185	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	110	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,080	565	515	0.8	0.8	0.7
Muslim	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	265	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	865	400	460	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	965	470	490	0.7	0.7	0.7
Syrian	440	215	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	55	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	320	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	170	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	245	150	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	355	165	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigerian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	60	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	440	215	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	360	155	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	100	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	500	250	240	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australian	740	370	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
Palestinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	70	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	285	120	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	240	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	285	115	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	70	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	185	75	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	135	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	195	105	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	505	255	250	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ecuadorian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	170	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	75	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	70	50	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	190	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	141,760	69,095	72,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	895	430	470	0.6	0.6	0.6
Christian	56,270	24,925	31,340	39.7	36.1	43.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	14,960	6,930	8,030	10.6	10.0	11.1
Anabaptist	945	455	485	0.7	0.7	0.7
Anglican	4,100	1,765	2,335	2.9	2.6	3.2
Baptist	2,815	1,250	1,565	2.0	1.8	2.2
Catholic	17,595	7,680	9,910	12.4	11.1	13.6
Christian Orthodox	1,085	535	545	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	1,060	480	580	0.7	0.7	0.8
Latter Day Saints	470	225	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	2,380	980	1,400	1.7	1.4	1.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,250	585	670	0.9	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	765	345	415	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	5,015	2,025	2,990	3.5	2.9	4.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,520	1,515	2,000	2.5	2.2	2.8
Hindu	1,090	570	525	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jewish	530	280	245	0.4	0.4	0.3
Muslim	1,560	850	715	1.1	1.2	1.0
Sikh	3,665	1,790	1,875	2.6	2.6	2.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,440	550	890	1.0	0.8	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	76,215	39,640	36,575	53.8	57.4	50.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	140,740	68,560	72,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	115,250	55,970	59,285	81.9	81.6	82.1
Movers	25,490	12,595	12,890	18.1	18.4	17.9
Non-migrants	15,430	7,575	7,850	11.0	11.0	10.9
Migrants	10,065	5,015	5,045	7.2	7.3	7.0
Internal migrants	8,815	4,360	4,450	6.3	6.4	6.2
Intraprovincial migrants	4,850	2,345	2,500	3.4	3.4	3.5
Interprovincial migrants	3,965	2,015	1,955	2.8	2.9	2.7
External migrants	1,250	660	590	0.9	1.0	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	136,015	66,120	69,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,685	32,300	34,385	49.0	48.9	49.2
Movers	69,330	33,815	35,510	51.0	51.1	50.8
Non-migrants	30,875	14,985	15,885	22.7	22.7	22.7
Migrants	38,455	18,830	19,620	28.3	28.5	28.1
Internal migrants	31,970	15,590	16,380	23.5	23.6	23.4
Intraprovincial migrants	19,180	9,195	9,985	14.1	13.9	14.3
Interprovincial migrants	12,790	6,395	6,390	9.4	9.7	9.1
External migrants	6,480	3,240	3,245	4.8	4.9	4.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	122,170	59,210	62,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,025	9,250	7,775	13.9	15.6	12.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	105,150	49,955	55,190	86.1	84.4	87.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,710	37,130	38,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,220	3,890	2,330	8.2	10.5	6.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	69,490	33,245	36,250	91.8	89.5	94.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	122,175	59,210	62,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,325	7,615	6,710	11.7	12.9	10.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	36,990	17,995	18,990	30.3	30.4	30.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	70,865	33,600	37,265	58.0	56.7	59.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,945	19,715	20,225	32.7	33.3	32.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,650	7,980	2,670	8.7	13.5	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,085	2,230	1,855	3.3	3.8	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,565	5,750	810	5.4	9.7	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,105	10,050	15,055	20.5	17.0	23.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,190	1,685	2,505	3.4	2.8	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	30,915	13,875	17,035	25.3	23.4	27.1
Bachelor's degree	19,970	8,610	11,365	16.3	14.5	18.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,070	890	1,180	1.7	1.5	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,095	685	405	0.9	1.2	0.6
Master's degree	6,560	2,980	3,580	5.4	5.0	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,225	715	510	1.0	1.2	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,710	37,130	38,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,925	3,140	1,790	6.5	8.5	4.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,490	10,035	9,460	25.7	27.0	24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,290	23,960	27,335	67.7	64.5	70.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,605	13,860	13,750	36.5	37.3	35.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,300	5,575	1,725	9.6	15.0	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,710	1,505	1,200	3.6	4.1	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,590	4,065	525	6.1	10.9	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,575	7,125	10,455	23.2	19.2	27.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,725	1,160	1,570	3.6	3.1	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,685	10,100	13,590	31.3	27.2	35.2
Bachelor's degree	15,355	6,345	9,010	20.3	17.1	23.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,485	595	885	2.0	1.6	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	835	510	325	1.1	1.4	0.8
Master's degree	5,080	2,145	2,935	6.7	5.8	7.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	940	510	430	1.2	1.4	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	122,175	59,210	62,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	51,310	25,610	25,700	42.0	43.3	40.8
Education	5,225	1,310	3,915	4.3	2.2	6.2
13. Education	5,225	1,310	3,915	4.3	2.2	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,430	1,080	1,350	2.0	1.8	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	395	290	110	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,040	790	1,240	1.7	1.3	2.0
Humanities	3,330	1,320	2,010	2.7	2.2	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	265	65	205	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	825	305	515	0.7	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,010	310	700	0.8	0.5	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	240	170	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	485	275	210	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,880	2,230	4,650	5.6	3.8	7.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	660	215	445	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,015	65	950	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,225	405	820	1.0	0.7	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,675	455	1,215	1.4	0.8	1.9
45. Social sciences	2,105	1,020	1,085	1.7	1.7	1.7
Business, management and public administration	15,355	6,265	9,090	12.6	10.6	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,140	140	1,000	0.9	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,190	6,125	8,065	11.6	10.3	12.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,015	1,535	1,485	2.5	2.6	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,335	580	755	1.1	1.0	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	765	360	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	0	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	775	575	205	0.6	1.0	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,300	1,670	630	1.9	2.8	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,800	1,410	390	1.5	2.4	0.6
25. Library science	140	25	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	280	170	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	70	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,045	12,805	1,240	11.5	21.6	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	465	345	125	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	2,575	2,140	435	2.1	3.6	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,095	2,730	365	2.5	4.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,715	3,595	120	3.0	6.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,845	2,725	115	2.3	4.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,340	1,265	75	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,545	810	740	1.3	1.4	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	985	440	540	0.8	0.7	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	565	365	195	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	12,915	2,715	10,200	10.6	4.6	16.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,135	540	595	0.9	0.9	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,310	1,890	9,415	9.3	3.2	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	435	285	145	0.4	0.5	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,800	1,845	1,955	3.1	3.1	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,650	855	1,790	2.2	1.4	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	390	280	105	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	720	670	50	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	75,710	37,130	38,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,425	13,175	11,250	32.3	35.5	29.2
Education	3,180	695	2,480	4.2	1.9	6.4
13. Education	3,180	695	2,480	4.2	1.9	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,800	800	1,010	2.4	2.2	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	260	190	70	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,545	610	935	2.0	1.6	2.4
Humanities	2,425	955	1,470	3.2	2.6	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	190	30	160	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	650	250	395	0.9	0.7	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	710	225	485	0.9	0.6	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	180	130	55	0.2	0.4	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	285	155	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	285	135	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	20	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,265	1,490	3,775	7.0	4.0	9.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	585	180	405	0.8	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	745	50	690	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	935	230	705	1.2	0.6	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,245	285	960	1.6	0.8	2.5
45. Social sciences	1,590	685	900	2.1	1.8	2.3
Business, management and public administration	11,095	4,430	6,665	14.7	11.9	17.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	905	100	805	1.2	0.3	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,165	4,330	5,840	13.4	11.7	15.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,135	1,060	1,075	2.8	2.9	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	970	430	545	1.3	1.2	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	515	235	285	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	550	385	170	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,905	1,455	455	2.5	3.9	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,565	1,260	310	2.1	3.4	0.8
25. Library science	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	210	120	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	50	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,025	9,045	980	13.2	24.4	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	340	230	110	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,980	1,600	375	2.6	4.3	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,200	1,910	290	2.9	5.1	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,670	2,580	90	3.5	6.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,945	1,885	65	2.6	5.1	0.2
48. Precision production	885	830	50	1.2	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,135	555	580	1.5	1.5	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	685	275	405	0.9	0.7	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	450	275	175	0.6	0.7	0.5
Health and related fields	9,560	2,110	7,450	12.6	5.7	19.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	875	400	470	1.2	1.1	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,340	1,510	6,830	11.0	4.1	17.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	305	200	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,740	1,355	1,390	3.6	3.6	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,925	655	1,270	2.5	1.8	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	260	185	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	540	505	35	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	75,710	37,130	38,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,425	13,175	11,250	32.3	35.5	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	51,295	23,955	27,330	67.8	64.5	70.8
Location of study inside Canada	43,175	20,245	22,930	57.0	54.5	59.4
Same as province or territory of residence	29,600	13,590	16,010	39.1	36.6	41.5
Different than province or territory of residence	13,570	6,650	6,920	17.9	17.9	17.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	8,120	3,715	4,405	10.7	10.0	11.4
Americas	2,200	1,010	1,190	2.9	2.7	3.1
United States of America	1,615	765	850	2.1	2.1	2.2
Mexico	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	155	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazil	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	2,150	1,045	1,110	2.8	2.8	2.9
Belgium	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	205	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	115	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	130	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	905	455	445	1.2	1.2	1.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	235	95	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Africa	310	165	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	200	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	3,035	1,260	1,770	4.0	3.4	4.6
Iran⁸⁸	170	100	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	260	110	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japan	125	20	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	240	95	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Philippines	970	360	610	1.3	1.0	1.6
Viet Nam	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	770	355	415	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pakistan	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	430	235	195	0.6	0.6	0.5
Australia	365	195	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	122,175	59,210	62,965	...	...	...
In the labour force	79,950	41,080	38,875	...	...	...
Employed	73,605	37,735	35,870	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,350	3,345	3,005	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	42,220	18,125	24,090	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.4	69.4	61.7	65.4	69.4	61.7
Employment rate	60.2	63.7	57.0	60.2	63.7	57.0
Unemployment rate	7.9	8.1	7.7	7.9	8.1	7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	122,175	59,210	62,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	42,635	18,430	24,205	34.9	31.1	38.4
Worked	79,535	40,780	38,760	65.1	68.9	61.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	39,630	22,325	17,305	32.4	37.7	27.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	39,910	18,450	21,460	32.7	31.2	34.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.0	41.7	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	79,955	41,080	38,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,365	710	650	1.7	1.7	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	78,590	40,370	38,220	98.3	98.3	98.3
Employee	63,655	31,435	32,220	79.6	76.5	82.9
Permanent position	52,445	26,230	26,210	65.6	63.9	67.4
Temporary position	11,215	5,200	6,010	14.0	12.7	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,850	1,370	1,485	3.6	3.3	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,365	3,830	4,535	10.5	9.3	11.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	14,935	8,935	5,995	18.7	21.8	15.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	79,955	41,080	38,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,365	710	650	1.7	1.7	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	78,590	40,370	38,220	98.3	98.3	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	900	690	205	1.1	1.7	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,815	3,700	9,115	16.0	9.0	23.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,325	4,195	1,135	6.7	10.2	2.9
3 Health occupations	7,710	1,660	6,050	9.6	4.0	15.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,710	3,000	5,710	10.9	7.3	14.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,575	1,085	1,490	3.2	2.6	3.8
6 Sales and service occupations	22,305	10,255	12,050	27.9	25.0	31.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,770	12,565	1,205	17.2	30.6	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,260	1,690	575	2.8	4.1	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,215	1,530	680	2.8	3.7	1.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	79,955	41,080	38,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,365	710	650	1.7	1.7	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	78,590	40,370	38,220	98.3	98.3	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,315	845	480	1.6	2.1	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	775	700	75	1.0	1.7	0.2
22 Utilities	415	305	115	0.5	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	8,430	7,360	1,070	10.5	17.9	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	3,675	2,435	1,240	4.6	5.9	3.2
41 Wholesale trade	2,105	1,370	740	2.6	3.3	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	10,050	4,890	5,165	12.6	11.9	13.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,015	2,315	700	3.8	5.6	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	1,595	1,020	575	2.0	2.5	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	2,630	1,130	1,500	3.3	2.8	3.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,900	1,055	850	2.4	2.6	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,635	3,550	3,085	8.3	8.6	7.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,650	2,160	1,490	4.6	5.3	3.8
61 Educational services	5,940	2,095	3,845	7.4	5.1	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	11,880	2,475	9,405	14.9	6.0	24.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,010	1,040	970	2.5	2.5	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	6,385	2,880	3,505	8.0	7.0	9.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,525	1,500	2,020	4.4	3.7	5.2
91 Public administration	2,515	1,190	1,325	3.1	2.9	3.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	85,830	43,865	41,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	83,415	42,650	40,760	97.2	97.2	97.1
French	105	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	340	200	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	330	195	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	625	245	375	0.7	0.6	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,290	715	570	1.5	1.6	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	85,830	43,865	41,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	85,555	43,715	41,845	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	84,940	43,345	41,590	99.0	98.8	99.1
English	84,720	43,315	41,405	98.7	98.7	98.6
French	220	30	185	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	620	365	250	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	615	360	250	0.7	0.8	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	370	235	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	210	135	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	200	125	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	195	125	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	85	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	125	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	275	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	85,830	43,865	41,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	84,100	42,990	41,110	98.0	98.0	97.9
English	385	170	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
French	445	200	245	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	755	415	345	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	755	415	340	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	73,605	37,735	35,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,860	7,295	7,565	20.2	19.3	21.1
Worked outside Canada	180	110	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	11,175	8,325	2,855	15.2	22.1	8.0
Usual place of work	47,385	22,010	25,380	64.4	58.3	70.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	47,385	22,010	25,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	41,980	18,945	23,035	88.6	86.1	90.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,270	1,730	1,535	6.9	7.9	6.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,600	965	635	3.4	4.4	2.5
Commute to a different province or territory	535	375	165	1.1	1.7	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	58,565	30,330	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	49,355	25,975	23,380	84.3	85.6	82.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	45,975	24,625	21,345	78.5	81.2	75.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,380	1,345	2,035	5.8	4.4	7.2
Public transit	2,330	875	1,450	4.0	2.9	5.1
Walked	3,735	1,675	2,070	6.4	5.5	7.3
Bicycle	1,610	890	715	2.7	2.9	2.5
Other method	1,535	915	620	2.6	3.0	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	58,565	30,330	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	24,120	11,525	12,600	41.2	38.0	44.6
15 to 29 minutes	25,505	13,300	12,205	43.5	43.9	43.2
30 to 44 minutes	5,725	3,515	2,205	9.8	11.6	7.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,385	740	645	2.4	2.4	2.3
60 minutes and over	1,830	1,255	580	3.1	4.1	2.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	58,565	30,330	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,990	2,160	835	5.1	7.1	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,935	6,595	3,345	17.0	21.7	11.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,490	8,210	7,280	26.4	27.1	25.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,475	5,865	7,615	23.0	19.3	27.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,450	3,415	5,040	14.4	11.3	17.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,220	4,095	4,120	14.0	13.5	14.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,335	12,290	12,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,660	840	820	6.8	6.8	6.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,675	11,455	11,225	93.2	93.2	93.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,185	9,150	9,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,275	645	630	7.0	7.0	7.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	610	305	305	3.4	3.3	3.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	670	345	320	3.7	3.8	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,910	8,500	8,410	93.0	92.9	93.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table