Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Coldstream, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	11,171	...	...
Population, 2016¹	10,648	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	4,341	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,100	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	167.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	66.57	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	11,175	5,560	5,615
0 to 14 years	1,820	930	880
0 to 4 years	425	215	210
5 to 9 years	685	360	325
10 to 14 years	705	350	355
15 to 64 years	6,840	3,375	3,460
15 to 19 years	685	335	350
20 to 24 years	500	265	235
25 to 29 years	340	185	155
30 to 34 years	405	185	215
35 to 39 years	665	310	350
40 to 44 years	700	345	355
45 to 49 years	735	360	380
50 to 54 years	805	380	430
55 to 59 years	985	480	505
60 to 64 years	1,020	530	490
65 years and over	2,515	1,250	1,265
65 to 69 years	885	425	455
70 to 74 years	675	355	320
75 to 79 years	395	205	190
80 to 84 years	310	165	150
85 years and over	250	100	150
85 to 89 years	110	55	60
90 to 94 years	110	25	80
95 to 99 years	25	15	10
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	16.7	15.7
15 to 64 years	61.2	60.7	61.6
65 years and over	22.5	22.5	22.5
85 years and over	2.2	1.8	2.7
Average age of the population	44.8	44.5	45.1
Median age of the population	48.4	48.0	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,100	...	...
Single-detached house	3,395	...	...
Semi-detached house	90	...	...
Row house	110	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	235	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	50	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	210	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,100	...	...
1 person	695	...	...
2 persons	1,685	...	...
3 persons	590	...	...
4 persons	725	...	...
5 or more persons	405	...	...
Number of persons in private households	10,995	5,475	5,515
Average household size	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	9,355	4,625	4,730
Married or living common-law	6,360	3,180	3,175
Married	5,470	2,740	2,730
Living common-law	885	435	450
Living common law - Never married	530	270	260
Living common law - Separated	30	15	10
Living common law - Divorced	300	145	155
Living common law - Widowed	30	10	20
Not married and not living common-law	2,995	1,445	1,550
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,920	1,045	875
Not married and not living common law - Separated	185	95	95
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	435	180	255
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	455	125	325
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	3,400	...	...
2 persons	1,850	...	...
3 persons	565	...	...
4 persons	685	...	...
5 or more persons	290	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	3,400	...	...
Total couple families	3,125	...	...
Married couples	2,680	...	...
With children⁶	1,270	...	...
Without children	1,410	...	...
Common-law couples	445	...	...
With children⁶	170	...	...
Without children	270	...	...
Total one-parent families	275	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	195	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	85	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	10,995	5,480	5,515
Total - Persons in census families	9,735	4,880	4,855
Married spouses or common-law partners	6,250	3,120	3,130
Parents in one-parent families	275	80	190
Children⁶	3,215	1,675	1,535
In a two-parent family	2,800	1,470	1,330
In a one-parent family	415	210	210
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,255	600	660
Living alone	690	315	375
Living with other relatives⁷	180	80	105
Living with non-relatives only	380	200	180
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,100	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,960	...	...
Couple-family households	2,775	...	...
With children⁶	1,295	...	...
Without children	1,475	...	...
One-parent-family households	185	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	110	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	160	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	120	...	...
One-person households	690	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	9,175	4,550	4,630
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,905	4,420	4,490
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	57,200	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,910	4,425	4,490
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,335	4,185	4,145
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	51,600	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,310	3,260	3,055
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	50,400	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,905	3,185	3,720
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,800	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	720	360	360
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,080	5,160	5,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,920	900	1,020
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	9,175	4,550	4,630
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,890	4,435	4,455
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600	75,400	47,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,900	4,445	4,455
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,040	60,800	41,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,375	4,245	4,130
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,250	70,300	41,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,315	3,290	3,020
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,550	65,600	40,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,945	3,235	3,710
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,950	11,120	10,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	670	305	360
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,460	6,160	6,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,940	945	995
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,250	7,960	8,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	9,180	4,550	4,630
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,805	1,660	1,150
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	77,000	63,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,500	91,600	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,665	1,225	1,440
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	24,400	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,080	42,500	26,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.2	89.2	81.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.7	64.6	57.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.9	10.7	18.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.6	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.7	2.8	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.9	2.3	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	9,175	4,545	4,625
Without total income	270	130	145
With total income	8,905	4,420	4,485
Under $10,000 (including loss)	780	290	490
$10,000 to $19,999	945	350	600
$20,000 to $29,999	1,125	445	680
$30,000 to $39,999	990	450	540
$40,000 to $49,999	925	405	520
$50,000 to $59,999	780	380	400
$60,000 to $69,999	675	350	325
$70,000 to $79,999	530	310	225
$80,000 to $89,999	420	245	175
$90,000 to $99,999	385	235	145
$100,000 and over	1,350	955	390
$100,000 to $149,999	805	535	265
$150,000 and over	545	425	120
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	9,175	4,545	4,625
Without after-tax income	270	130	145
With after-tax income	8,910	4,420	4,485
Under $10,000 (including loss)	815	300	510
$10,000 to $19,999	1,005	365	640
$20,000 to $29,999	1,250	500	750
$30,000 to $39,999	1,165	530	635
$40,000 to $49,999	1,080	515	565
$50,000 to $59,999	865	435	435
$60,000 to $69,999	690	405	280
$70,000 to $79,999	500	305	195
$80,000 to $89,999	420	260	160
$90,000 to $99,999	285	185	95
$100,000 and over	830	620	215
$100,000 to $124,999	365	260	110
$125,000 and over	465	360	105
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	9,175	4,545	4,625
Without employment income	2,865	1,290	1,580
With employment income	6,310	3,260	3,050
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,005	465	540
$5,000 to $9,999	530	230	300
$10,000 to $19,999	675	285	390
$20,000 to $29,999	515	210	300
$30,000 to $39,999	485	205	280
$40,000 to $49,999	490	220	275
$50,000 to $59,999	440	210	225
$60,000 to $69,999	365	185	180
$70,000 to $79,999	330	190	145
$80,000 to $89,999	300	185	115
$90,000 to $99,999	275	180	90
$100,000 and over	910	700	205
$100,000 to $124,999	390	265	125
$125,000 and over	515	435	80
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	9,175	4,550	4,630
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,715	4,315	4,400
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	58,800	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,745	4,320	4,420
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,800	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,255	4,145	4,110
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	53,600	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,600	3,400	3,205
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	51,200	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,470	2,385	3,080
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	10,600	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	570	285	280
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,040	4,880	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	9,175	4,550	4,630
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,705	4,345	4,370
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,350	75,000	45,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,730	4,345	4,390
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,240	60,000	38,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,265	4,200	4,065
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,300	71,500	42,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,570	3,405	3,165
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	64,700	38,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,505	2,410	3,090
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,480	10,530	8,660
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	595	280	315
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	6,320	6,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	9,180	4,550	4,630
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,780	1,655	1,120
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	73,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,800	88,100	62,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,540	1,165	1,375
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	27,400	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,840	51,900	29,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.0	92.2	86.6
Employment income (%)	65.0	67.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)	9.9	7.8	13.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.6	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,100	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	690	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	3,405	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,100	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	133,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	110,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	3,410	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	149,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,100	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	35	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	90	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	65	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	75	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	85	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	95	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	100	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	235	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	225	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	225	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	255	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	260	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,295	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	530	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	435	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	615	...	...
$200,000 and over	715	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,100	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	40	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	100	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	65	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	90	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	85	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	130	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	125	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	270	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	285	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	285	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	275	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	570	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	445	...	...
$150,000 and over	940	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	3,335	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,550	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,455	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	240	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,075	520	555
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	46,000	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	42,400	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	3,335	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	148,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,540	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,465	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	187,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	220	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,020	490	525
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,500	62,200	43,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,100	52,600	38,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	10,990	5,480	5,510
0 to 17 years	2,230	1,140	1,090
0 to 5 years	550	280	265
18 to 64 years	6,395	3,150	3,245
65 years and over	2,365	1,195	1,175
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	570	255	315
0 to 17 years	105	50	55
0 to 5 years	40	15	25
18 to 64 years	300	140	160
65 years and over	165	70	95
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.2	4.7	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.4	5.4
0 to 5 years (%)	6.8	6.0	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	4.4	5.0
65 years and over (%)	6.9	5.8	8.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	10,995	5,480	5,515
0 to 17 years	2,230	1,135	1,095
0 to 5 years	545	285	265
18 to 64 years	6,395	3,150	3,240
65 years and over	2,365	1,190	1,175
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	230	110	120
0 to 17 years	45	25	25
0 to 5 years	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	150	70	80
65 years and over	30	15	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	1.9	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	1.6	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	2.3	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.0	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	10,990	5,480	5,515
In bottom half of the distribution	3,760	1,810	1,945
In bottom decile	585	285	300
In second decile	600	280	325
In third decile	765	370	390
In fourth decile	900	435	460
In fifth decile	910	440	465
In top half of the distribution	7,235	3,665	3,570
In sixth decile	1,110	560	545
In seventh decile	1,155	595	555
In eighth decile	1,415	715	700
In ninth decile	1,680	830	850
In top decile	1,885	970	920
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	10,995	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.407	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	11,005	5,485	5,515
English only	10,130	5,105	5,025
French only	0	0	0
English and French	815	345	465
Neither English nor French	55	35	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	11,005	5,485	5,515
English	10,825	5,395	5,430
French	115	55	60
English and French	10	0	10
Neither English nor French	55	35	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	11,005	5,485	5,515
Single responses	10,875	5,420	5,455
Official languages	9,920	4,945	4,975
English	9,795	4,880	4,915
French	125	60	65
Non-official languages	955	480	480
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	955	475	480
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	830	430	400
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	195	95	95
Baltic languages	15	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	5
Slavic languages	185	90	90
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	25	5	15
Russian	90	45	50
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	5
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	20	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	450	225	225
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	320	170	150
German	305	160	145
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	45	60
Afrikaans	35	15	20
Dutch	60	25	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15
Danish	15	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5
Swedish	10	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	90	50	40
Indo-Aryan languages	75	40	35
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	35	30
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	5
Persian languages	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	55	40
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10
Portuguese	10	5	5
Romanian	5	0	5
Spanish	50	35	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	15	35
Chinese languages	50	15	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	5	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5
Hungarian	10	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	125	70	60
English and French	30	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	85	45	40
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	11,005	5,485	5,515
English	10,190	5,080	5,110
French	10	5	5
Non-official language	150	90	60
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	150	90	60
English and French	100	45	55
English and non-official language(s)	530	260	270
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	11,005	5,485	5,515
Single responses	10,935	5,460	5,475
Official languages	10,630	5,285	5,340
English	10,605	5,280	5,330
French	20	5	10
Non-official languages	305	170	135
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	305	170	135
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	275	150	120
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	60	30	30
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	40	20	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	110	55	60
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	80	40	35
German	70	40	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	20
Afrikaans	25	10	15
Dutch	5	5	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	35	25
Indo-Aryan languages	55	30	20
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	30	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	30	5
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	40	30	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5
Chinese languages	15	10	5
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	70	25	40
English and French	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	60	25	35
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	11,005	5,485	5,515
None	10,415	5,200	5,215
English	145	75	70
French	85	40	45
Non-official language	295	145	150
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	295	145	150
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	10,990	5,480	5,515
Official languages	10,955	5,470	5,485
English	10,955	5,470	5,485
French	810	340	480
Non-official languages	1,240	630	615
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,235	620	615
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	0	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	0	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,090	575	520
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	240	130	115
Baltic languages	50	40	10
Latvian	10	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	200	95	110
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	25	15	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	35	10	25
Russian	90	50	45
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	0	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	25	0	20
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	15	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	560	310	245
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	420	240	180
German	410	240	170
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	0	15
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	115	55	55
Afrikaans	50	20	30
Dutch	65	35	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10
Swedish	15	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	105	50	50
Indo-Aryan languages	105	50	50
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	35	15	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	40	50
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	265	125	140
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	20	20
Portuguese	10	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	215	105	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	0	15
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	20	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10
American Sign Language	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	20	40
Chinese languages	60	20	40
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	10	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	0	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	10,990	5,480	5,510
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	540	220	320
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	535	215	320
First Nations (North American Indian)	265	105	165
Métis	265	110	155
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	10,455	5,260	5,200
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	10,990	5,480	5,510
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	150	70	85
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	10,840	5,410	5,430
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,100	...	...
Owner	3,675	...	...
Renter	425	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,100	...	...
Condominium	105	...	...
Not condominium	3,995	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,100	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...
1 bedroom	175	...	...
2 bedrooms	505	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,175	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,100	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	355	...	...
5 rooms	280	...	...
6 rooms	535	...	...
7 rooms	510	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,415	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,100	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,065	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,100	...	...
Suitable	4,030	...	...
Not suitable	75	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,100	...	...
1960 or before	395	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,460	...	...
1981 to 1990	655	...	...
1991 to 2000	585	...	...
2001 to 2005	320	...	...
2006 to 2010	260	...	...
2011 to 2015	210	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,100	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,880	...	...
Major repairs needed	215	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,100	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,525	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,325	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	250	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,100	...	...
15 to 24 years	40	...	...
25 to 34 years	250	...	...
35 to 44 years	595	...	...
45 to 54 years	820	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,050	...	...
65 to 74 years	840	...	...
75 to 84 years	420	...	...
85 years and over	85	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	4,020	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,415	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	605	...	...
30% to less than 100%	535	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,100	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	840	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	570	...	...
Not suitable only	50	...	...
Major repairs needed only	170	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	3,260	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	3,950	...	...
In core need	135	...	...
Not in core need	3,820	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,595	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,578	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	755,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	852,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	430	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,510	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	10,995	5,480	5,515
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	90	50	40
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	90	50	40
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	35	15	25
Métis single ancestry	50	40	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	595	235	360
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	585	235	355
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	325	145	185
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	260	90	170
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	10,310	5,195	5,115
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	10,995	5,480	5,515
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	10,610	5,275	5,335
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,200	1,070	1,130
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	8,415	4,205	4,205
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	385	200	180
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	10,995	5,480	5,515
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	9,715	4,865	4,845
Immigrants⁸¹	1,250	595	655
Before 1980	500	250	250
1980 to 1990	120	40	85
1991 to 2000	165	70	95
2001 to 2010	275	135	140
2011 to 2021⁸²	190	100	90
2011 to 2015	90	55	40
2016 to 2021	100	50	50
Non-permanent residents⁸³	25	20	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,250	595	660
Under 5 years	205	105	95
5 to 14 years	260	125	130
15 to 24 years	200	95	105
25 to 44 years	480	225	250
45 years and over	110	40	75
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,250	595	660
Americas	135	40	95
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	90	25	70
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15
Europe	755	390	360
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	10	0	10
France	0	0	0
Germany	150	95	55
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	20	10	10
Netherlands	40	25	20
Poland	50	15	35
Portugal	10	0	10
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	10	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	265	130	135
Other places of birth in Europe	160	85	75
Africa	80	30	45
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	35
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10
Asia	200	80	120
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	15	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	30	0	20
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	75	30	40
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	15	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	85	55	30
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	100	50	55
Americas	10	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	15	10	10
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	40	20	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	30	20	10
Australia	20	15	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	10,990	5,480	5,510
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,470	700	770
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,085	1,095	990
Third generation or more¹⁰²	7,435	3,685	3,750
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	750	345	410
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	430	220	215
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	165	90	70
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	270	130	140
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	305	120	185
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	750	345	410
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	145	80	65
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	0	15
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	0	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	550	240	310
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	10,990	5,480	5,510
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	545	255	285
South Asian	125	60	65
Chinese	110	45	70
Black	40	20	20
Filipino	45	20	25
Arab	0	0	0
Latin American	25	10	15
Southeast Asian	25	20	0
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0
Japanese	150	70	80
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	10	10	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	10,450	5,220	5,230
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	10,995	5,480	5,515
Canadian	1,505	735	770
English	3,725	1,785	1,940
Irish	2,060	995	1,070
Scottish	2,600	1,225	1,370
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,205	610	595
German	2,355	1,170	1,180
Chinese	135	65	70
Italian	450	220	230
Indian (India)	95	40	50
Ukrainian	945	505	440
Dutch	820	375	445
Polish	370	190	180
Québécois	25	10	15
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	480	245	235
Filipino	40	20	25
French Canadian	80	50	40
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	240	120	120
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	135	70	65
Métis	315	125	190
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	265	130	140
Russian	525	275	250
Norwegian	555	275	280
Welsh	400	195	205
Portuguese	35	0	30
American	270	130	140
Spanish	20	10	15
Swedish	380	170	215
Hungarian	165	65	100
Acadian	10	0	0
Pakistani	10	10	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	20	0	15
Jewish	50	40	15
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	30	20	10
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	30	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	10	30
Korean	10	0	0
Romanian	80	60	15
Lebanese	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0
Danish	210	100	110
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	40	0	30
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	110	65	50
Belgian	105	55	50
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	25	10	15
Mennonite	20	10	10
Swiss	160	70	90
Finnish	160	70	85
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	75	35	45
Japanese	190	90	100
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	10	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	25	20
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	105	55	60
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	65	30	30
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	10	0	10
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	25	10	15
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	15	0	10
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	10
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	30	10	25
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	80	45	35
South African	55	25	35
Australian	110	55	55
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	25	15
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	15	20
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	20	15	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	30	20	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	55	25	30
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	25	10	10
Estonian	15	0	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	50	40	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	20
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	10,990	5,480	5,510
Buddhist	25	0	25
Christian	4,540	2,090	2,450
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,170	520	655
Anabaptist	15	10	10
Anglican	455	210	245
Baptist	290	145	150
Catholic	1,060	485	570
Christian Orthodox	30	0	20
Jehovah's Witness	120	55	65
Latter Day Saints	135	45	90
Lutheran	320	175	150
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	0	15
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	150	80	70
Presbyterian	50	20	25
Reformed	25	15	10
United Church	440	195	245
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	270	130	140
Hindu	10	0	10
Jewish	20	0	10
Muslim	10	10	0
Sikh	95	45	45
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	55	25	25
No religion and secular perspectives	6,245	3,300	2,945
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	10,950	5,460	5,490
Non-movers	9,875	4,930	4,945
Movers	1,075	530	545
Non-migrants	490	230	260
Migrants	585	300	285
Internal migrants	530	270	260
Intraprovincial migrants	425	215	210
Interprovincial migrants	105	55	55
External migrants	55	30	25
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	10,520	5,250	5,275
Non-movers	6,280	3,135	3,150
Movers	4,240	2,115	2,125
Non-migrants	730	365	370
Migrants	3,505	1,750	1,755
Internal migrants	3,240	1,620	1,615
Intraprovincial migrants	2,560	1,280	1,285
Interprovincial migrants	670	340	335
External migrants	270	130	140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,175	4,550	4,630
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,320	685	640
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,855	3,870	3,985
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,625	2,765	2,855
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	420	235	180
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,205	2,525	2,675
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,175	4,550	4,630
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,080	525	550
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,755	1,315	1,440
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,340	2,705	2,635
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,045	1,595	1,450
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	945	775	170
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	290	175	115
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	655	600	55
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,840	705	1,130
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	265	115	150
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,295	1,110	1,185
Bachelor's degree	1,385	630	755
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	135	75	60
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140	85	55
Master's degree	550	270	280
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	50	30
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,620	2,765	2,860
No certificate, diploma or degree	315	175	140
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,525	770	755
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,780	1,825	1,960
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,110	1,080	1,030
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	630	525	100
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	175	95	75
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	455	425	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,305	485	825
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	180	70	110
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,675	740	935
Bachelor's degree	990	415	575
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	90	45	50
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	105	55	45
Master's degree	425	190	230
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60	35	25
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,175	4,545	4,625
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,840	1,845	1,990
Education	510	135	370
13. Education	510	135	370
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	115	30	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	100	20	80
Humanities	170	70	100
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	35	15	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	30	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	0
54. History	25	0	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	465	180	285
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	20	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	100	10	95
22. Legal professions and studies	80	35	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	85	35	45
45. Social sciences	155	85	65
Business, management and public administration	950	400	555
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	75	25	55
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	875	375	500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	270	135	135
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	95	35	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	45	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	70	50	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	135	105	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	105	90	20
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	15	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,195	1,120	75
04. Architecture and related services	25	15	10
14. Engineering	150	130	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	205	185	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	400	390	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	290	290	0
48. Precision production	125	110	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	200	150	55
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	60	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	90	20
Health and related fields	1,065	255	805
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	85	30	55
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	930	190	745
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	30	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	255	120	130
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	140	30	115
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	35	30	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	75	65	10
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	5,620	2,765	2,855
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,840	945	895
Education	335	80	255
13. Education	335	80	255
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	80	20	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	65	10	45
Humanities	105	30	75
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	0	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	20	0	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	340	120	220
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	15	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	65	10	55
22. Legal professions and studies	50	15	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	75	25	50
45. Social sciences	105	55	50
Business, management and public administration	730	280	450
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	50	15	35
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	680	265	415
Physical and life sciences and technologies	190	90	105
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75	25	55
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	25	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	55	40	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	100	80	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	95	80	15
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	810	760	55
04. Architecture and related services	15	0	10
14. Engineering	90	75	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	145	130	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	245	235	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	230	230	0
48. Precision production	80	75	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	155	105	45
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	70	40	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	65	15
Health and related fields	755	175	580
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	25	45
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	655	130	525
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	170	75	95
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	90	15	75
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	20	15	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	45	10
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	5,620	2,765	2,855
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,840	945	895
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,785	1,820	1,965
Location of study inside Canada	3,220	1,530	1,695
Same as province or territory of residence	2,300	1,055	1,240
Different than province or territory of residence	925	470	450
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	560	290	270
Americas	165	90	70
United States of America	145	85	65
Mexico	10	0	10
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	210	120	90
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	35	20	10
Netherlands	15	10	0
Switzerland	15	10	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	55	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	15	10
Africa	25	10	20
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	20
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	65	0	60
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	20	0	20
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	20	0	20
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10
Oceania	90	65	25
Australia	65	45	25
New Zealand	30	20	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	9,175	4,550	4,630
In the labour force	5,735	3,040	2,695
Employed	5,290	2,790	2,500
Unemployed	445	250	190
Not in the labour force	3,445	1,510	1,930
Participation rate	62.5	66.8	58.2
Employment rate	57.7	61.3	54.0
Unemployment rate	7.8	8.2	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	9,175	4,545	4,625
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,390	1,475	1,910
Worked	5,790	3,070	2,720
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	2,915	1,740	1,180
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,875	1,335	1,545
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	42.3	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	5,735	3,035	2,695
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	120	75	40
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	5,615	2,960	2,655
Employee	4,335	2,190	2,140
Permanent position	3,570	1,850	1,720
Temporary position	770	340	420
Fixed term (1 year or more)	130	45	85
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	635	300	340
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,285	765	515
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	5,735	3,035	2,695
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	120	75	40
All occupations¹⁹¹	5,615	2,960	2,655
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	125	90	35
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	880	235	645
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	395	345	40
3 Health occupations	620	175	445
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	695	230	465
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	165	60	105
6 Sales and service occupations	1,225	515	715
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,060	985	80
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	270	180	95
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	185	145	45
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	5,735	3,035	2,695
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	120	75	40
All industries¹⁹¹	5,615	2,960	2,655
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	240	150	85
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	70	0
22 Utilities	90	65	30
23 Construction	560	485	70
31-33 Manufacturing	420	330	95
41 Wholesale trade	165	110	55
44-45 Retail trade	665	290	370
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	135	115	20
51 Information and cultural industries	50	35	20
52 Finance and insurance	190	85	110
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	90	40	50
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	455	240	215
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	215	110	105
61 Educational services	510	165	345
62 Health care and social assistance	825	200	620
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	145	80	70
72 Accommodation and food services	305	135	165
81 Other services (except public administration)	220	110	115
91 Public administration	255	145	110
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	6,170	3,255	2,920
English	6,100	3,235	2,860
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	35	0	30
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	6,170	3,255	2,920
Single responses	6,165	3,255	2,915
Official languages	6,150	3,245	2,905
English	6,140	3,245	2,895
French	10	0	10
Non-official languages	10	0	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	6,170	3,255	2,920
None	6,110	3,235	2,875
English	15	0	15
French	25	0	20
Non-official language	10	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	5,295	2,785	2,500
Worked at home	1,065	545	515
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	800	650	145
Usual place of work	3,425	1,585	1,845
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,425	1,585	1,845
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	455	235	220
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,500	1,015	1,490
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	440	305	130
Commute to a different province or territory	30	25	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	4,225	2,235	1,985
Car, truck or van	3,860	2,010	1,850
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,625	1,915	1,710
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	230	90	140
Public transit	20	0	10
Walked	125	65	55
Bicycle	80	45	35
Other method	140	110	30
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	4,225	2,235	1,985
Less than 15 minutes	1,830	860	970
15 to 29 minutes	1,510	720	790
30 to 44 minutes	450	310	135
45 to 59 minutes	205	150	55
60 minutes and over	230	185	40
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	4,225	2,235	1,985
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	285	245	35
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	670	465	205
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,255	670	590
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,105	460	650
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	480	155	320
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	430	240	190
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,280	1,160	1,125
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	195	105	100
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,085	1,055	1,025
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,800	915	885
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	160	80	80
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	35	40
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	90	45	45
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,645	835	810

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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