Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Terrace, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	12,017	...	...
Population, 2016¹	11,643	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	5,200	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,873	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	209.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	57.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	12,015	5,975	6,040
0 to 14 years	2,260	1,130	1,130
0 to 4 years	755	375	375
5 to 9 years	775	380	395
10 to 14 years	730	375	360
15 to 64 years	7,830	3,955	3,880
15 to 19 years	675	355	320
20 to 24 years	730	385	350
25 to 29 years	905	485	415
30 to 34 years	915	460	460
35 to 39 years	855	435	420
40 to 44 years	730	370	360
45 to 49 years	685	320	360
50 to 54 years	795	385	405
55 to 59 years	785	400	385
60 to 64 years	755	360	400
65 years and over	1,925	890	1,035
65 to 69 years	640	325	315
70 to 74 years	525	240	285
75 to 79 years	360	160	200
80 to 84 years	220	95	120
85 years and over	180	70	115
85 to 89 years	135	55	75
90 to 94 years	35	10	25
95 to 99 years	15	5	10
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	18.9	18.7
15 to 64 years	65.2	66.2	64.2
65 years and over	16.0	14.9	17.1
85 years and over	1.5	1.2	1.9
Average age of the population	39.3	38.5	40.1
Median age of the population	38.0	36.8	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,875	...	...
Single-detached house	2,925	...	...
Semi-detached house	220	...	...
Row house	450	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	340	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	590	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	305	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,870	...	...
1 person	1,445	...	...
2 persons	1,670	...	...
3 persons	685	...	...
4 persons	665	...	...
5 or more persons	405	...	...
Number of persons in private households	11,825	5,845	5,985
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	9,760	4,845	4,915
Married or living common-law	5,460	2,720	2,740
Married	4,085	2,040	2,045
Living common-law	1,370	680	690
Living common law - Never married	1,040	515	530
Living common law - Separated	65	30	30
Living common law - Divorced	240	125	120
Living common law - Widowed	30	10	15
Not married and not living common-law	4,300	2,125	2,175
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,910	1,675	1,230
Not married and not living common law - Separated	295	115	175
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	560	220	340
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	535	110	425
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	3,260	...	...
2 persons	1,730	...	...
3 persons	645	...	...
4 persons	605	...	...
5 or more persons	280	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	3,260	...	...
Total couple families	2,670	...	...
Married couples	1,980	...	...
With children⁶	985	...	...
Without children	995	...	...
Common-law couples	685	...	...
With children⁶	280	...	...
Without children	410	...	...
Total one-parent families	595	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	460	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	135	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	11,825	5,845	5,985
Total - Persons in census families	9,330	4,575	4,760
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,330	2,655	2,680
Parents in one-parent families	595	135	455
Children⁶	3,405	1,790	1,620
In a two-parent family	2,420	1,245	1,175
In a one-parent family	985	540	445
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,490	1,265	1,225
Living alone	1,440	665	780
Living with other relatives⁷	365	195	175
Living with non-relatives only	680	410	270
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,875	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,805	...	...
Couple-family households	2,370	...	...
With children⁶	1,120	...	...
Without children	1,245	...	...
One-parent-family households	435	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	105	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	230	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	265	...	...
One-person households	1,440	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	9,565	4,715	4,850
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,315	4,615	4,705
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	53,200	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,320	4,615	4,710
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,200	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,405	4,235	4,175
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,800	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,020	3,660	3,360
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	55,600	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,490	3,445	4,045
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,000	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	940	440	495
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,640	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,060	935	1,125
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,500	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	9,630	4,725	4,900
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,360	4,600	4,760
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,400	63,400	45,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,360	4,600	4,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,880	53,500	40,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,535	4,230	4,305
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,960	60,400	39,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,090	3,645	3,445
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,800	61,500	41,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,570	3,470	4,100
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,980	10,450	11,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	865	435	430
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,620	6,960	8,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,075	945	1,125
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,770	7,740	7,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	9,630	4,720	4,905
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,265	1,870	1,395
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	78,500	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,700	81,600	63,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,090	1,445	1,645
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,200	21,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,800	44,480	30,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.6	87.6	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.2	76.8	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.3	12.4	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.2	3.2	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2	2.5	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	9,565	4,715	4,850
Without total income	250	105	145
With total income	9,320	4,610	4,710
Under $10,000 (including loss)	725	315	410
$10,000 to $19,999	955	400	560
$20,000 to $29,999	1,270	530	745
$30,000 to $39,999	1,170	510	660
$40,000 to $49,999	1,035	420	620
$50,000 to $59,999	900	395	505
$60,000 to $69,999	675	340	330
$70,000 to $79,999	535	300	240
$80,000 to $89,999	475	285	190
$90,000 to $99,999	365	225	145
$100,000 and over	1,200	895	310
$100,000 to $149,999	900	650	255
$150,000 and over	300	245	50
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	9,565	4,715	4,850
Without after-tax income	245	100	140
With after-tax income	9,325	4,610	4,710
Under $10,000 (including loss)	750	320	430
$10,000 to $19,999	985	410	570
$20,000 to $29,999	1,455	610	845
$30,000 to $39,999	1,345	565	785
$40,000 to $49,999	1,240	535	705
$50,000 to $59,999	920	460	465
$60,000 to $69,999	735	420	310
$70,000 to $79,999	575	340	235
$80,000 to $89,999	430	285	145
$90,000 to $99,999	315	225	85
$100,000 and over	575	445	135
$100,000 to $124,999	380	280	95
$125,000 and over	200	160	40
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	9,565	4,715	4,850
Without employment income	2,550	1,055	1,490
With employment income	7,015	3,660	3,360
Under $5,000 (including loss)	740	340	400
$5,000 to $9,999	445	185	265
$10,000 to $19,999	780	325	450
$20,000 to $29,999	635	285	345
$30,000 to $39,999	660	295	365
$40,000 to $49,999	620	250	375
$50,000 to $59,999	590	275	320
$60,000 to $69,999	465	255	210
$70,000 to $79,999	445	270	175
$80,000 to $89,999	370	240	130
$90,000 to $99,999	285	175	110
$100,000 and over	975	765	210
$100,000 to $124,999	545	400	140
$125,000 and over	435	365	70
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	9,565	4,715	4,850
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,100	4,490	4,610
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	52,000	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,115	4,490	4,625
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,600	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,305	4,170	4,130
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	50,800	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,170	3,685	3,480
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	54,000	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,140	2,625	3,515
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,550	6,500	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	835	385	445
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	4,800	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	9,630	4,725	4,900
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,100	4,465	4,640
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	61,450	43,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,125	4,465	4,665
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,250	37,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,340	4,145	4,190
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,160	60,100	40,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,145	3,640	3,505
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,760	61,100	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,095	2,600	3,495
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,560	9,550	9,570
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	755	335	420
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,740	6,880	8,440
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	9,630	4,720	4,905
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,225	1,855	1,375
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	73,500	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,700	77,400	56,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,905	1,360	1,545
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	35,600	26,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,400	50,440	33,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.8	91.0	83.6
Employment income (%)	76.2	81.2	69.2
Government transfers (%)	12.2	9.1	16.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,870	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,440	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	3,435	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,875	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	3,435	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,870	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	125	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	185	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	140	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	135	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	140	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	190	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	170	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	325	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	295	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	270	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,175	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	570	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	500	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	645	...	...
$200,000 and over	465	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,870	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	45	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	120	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	190	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	155	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	185	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	195	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	215	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	385	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	380	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	325	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	345	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	290	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,810	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	655	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	505	...	...
$150,000 and over	645	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	3,230	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,290	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,280	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	535	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,125	1,070	1,050
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	43,600	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	39,600	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	3,240	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,325	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,295	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	525	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,180	1,135	1,040
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,120	50,300	45,700
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,960	43,300	40,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	11,825	5,840	5,980
0 to 17 years	2,695	1,355	1,335
0 to 5 years	900	440	460
18 to 64 years	7,235	3,610	3,620
65 years and over	1,895	875	1,025
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,105	500	605
0 to 17 years	310	160	155
0 to 5 years	95	45	45
18 to 64 years	535	250	285
65 years and over	260	90	165
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.6	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.8	11.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.2	10.4	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4	6.9	7.9
65 years and over (%)	13.6	10.4	16.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	11,825	5,845	5,985
0 to 17 years	2,695	1,360	1,335
0 to 5 years	900	440	455
18 to 64 years	7,230	3,610	3,620
65 years and over	1,900	875	1,020
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	300	145	150
0 to 17 years	60	35	30
0 to 5 years	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	205	105	100
65 years and over	30	10	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.5	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	2.9	2.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.0	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	11,825	5,845	5,985
In bottom half of the distribution	5,490	2,605	2,885
In bottom decile	1,060	495	565
In second decile	1,160	540	620
In third decile	1,050	495	560
In fourth decile	1,055	495	555
In fifth decile	1,160	580	580
In top half of the distribution	6,335	3,240	3,095
In sixth decile	1,045	510	530
In seventh decile	1,270	645	620
In eighth decile	1,300	635	660
In ninth decile	1,490	795	700
In top decile	1,235	650	580
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	11,825	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.399	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	11,875	5,875	6,005
English only	11,045	5,485	5,560
French only	10	5	5
English and French	745	355	390
Neither English nor French	75	30	50
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	11,875	5,875	6,005
English	11,595	5,740	5,855
French	180	100	85
English and French	20	10	10
Neither English nor French	75	30	45
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	11,875	5,875	6,005
Single responses	11,480	5,690	5,790
Official languages	10,060	5,005	5,060
English	9,850	4,890	4,960
French	210	110	105
Non-official languages	1,420	690	735
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	35	30
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	5	0	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	55	30	25
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	10	5
Nisga'a	30	15	15
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5
Haisla	5	0	5
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,350	655	700
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	15
Amharic	5	5	0
Arabic	30	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	55	80
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	45	65
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	10
Tamil	5	5	0
Telugu	5	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,010	500	515
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	60	30	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	25	10	15
Russian	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	220	95	120
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	125	60	70
German	120	55	65
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	30	40
Afrikaans	30	10	15
Dutch	40	15	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10
Danish	10	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	445	250	190
Indo-Aryan languages	440	250	190
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0
Gujarati	20	15	10
Hindi	35	25	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	365	195	165
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	280	120	160
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	30	15	15
Portuguese	220	100	125
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	25	5	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	50	25	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20
Chinese languages	35	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0
Hungarian	15	5	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	395	185	210
English and French	65	25	40
English and non-official language(s)	295	140	155
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	11,875	5,875	6,005
English	10,265	5,080	5,185
French	40	20	25
Non-official language	295	140	155
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	5
Non-Indigenous	295	140	155
English and French	135	70	70
English and non-official language(s)	1,075	530	540
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	25	20	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	11,875	5,875	6,005
Single responses	11,635	5,745	5,890
Official languages	11,000	5,430	5,575
English	10,935	5,400	5,535
French	65	30	40
Non-official languages	635	315	315
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	630	320	310
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	5	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60	30	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	25	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	5	5	5
Telugu	5	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	445	230	220
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	5	5	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	5
German	10	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	305	170	135
Indo-Aryan languages	300	170	135
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	5
Hindi	20	10	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	265	150	115
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	35	60
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	5
Portuguese	75	25	50
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	35	20	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15
Chinese languages	30	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	235	125	115
English and French	15	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	195	95	95
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	20	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	11,875	5,875	6,000
None	10,790	5,330	5,455
English	305	165	140
French	100	55	50
Non-official language	560	265	290
Indigenous³⁹	110	55	55
Non-Indigenous	445	205	235
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	11,825	5,830	6,000
Official languages	11,775	5,815	5,965
English	11,775	5,815	5,965
French	820	375	445
Non-official languages	2,125	1,080	1,050
Indigenous languages³⁹	345	165	180
Algonquian languages	10	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	40	20	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	40	20	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	20	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	20	10	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	310	155	150
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	60	30	20
Nisga'a	170	95	75
Tsimshian	90	35	55
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,785	915	870
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145	55	85
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	30	15	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	50	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	0	10
Tamil	15	0	10
Telugu	15	10	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,360	735	625
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	45	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	40	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	35	15	15
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	0	0
Serbian	15	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10
Ukrainian	10	15	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	290	120	170
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	185	85	105
German	185	85	105
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	35	45
Afrikaans	35	15	20
Dutch	50	25	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	0	25
Danish	15	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	605	360	245
Indo-Aryan languages	600	360	235
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	35	15	15
Hindi	275	190	85
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	475	280	190
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0
Urdu	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	415	210	200
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	60	25	30
Portuguese	220	110	115
Romanian	15	10	10
Spanish	115	70	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Korean	65	35	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	0	45
American Sign Language	40	0	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	30	60
Chinese languages	90	30	60
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	60	15	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	0	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	15	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	20	20
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	20	0	10
Hungarian	15	10	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	11,825	5,830	5,995
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,635	1,225	1,410
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,600	1,215	1,380
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,255	1,080	1,175
Métis	335	135	200
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	10	30
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	9,190	4,605	4,585
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	11,825	5,830	5,995
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,640	760	875
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	10,190	5,065	5,120
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,870	...	...
Owner	3,415	...	...
Renter	1,460	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,870	...	...
Condominium	520	...	...
Not condominium	4,355	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,870	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...
1 bedroom	445	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,155	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,735	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,870	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,240	...	...
5 rooms	715	...	...
6 rooms	615	...	...
7 rooms	610	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,685	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,870	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,780	...	...
More than one person per room	95	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,870	...	...
Suitable	4,640	...	...
Not suitable	230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,870	...	...
1960 or before	630	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,200	...	...
1981 to 1990	580	...	...
1991 to 2000	735	...	...
2001 to 2005	90	...	...
2006 to 2010	160	...	...
2011 to 2015	210	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	280	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,870	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	4,495	...	...
Major repairs needed	375	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,870	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,455	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,135	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	285	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,870	...	...
15 to 24 years	180	...	...
25 to 34 years	835	...	...
35 to 44 years	820	...	...
45 to 54 years	835	...	...
55 to 64 years	885	...	...
65 to 74 years	740	...	...
75 to 84 years	455	...	...
85 years and over	130	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	4,845	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	4,110	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	735	...	...
30% to less than 100%	685	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,870	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,250	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	665	...	...
Not suitable only	195	...	...
Major repairs needed only	305	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	3,620	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	4,790	...	...
In core need	370	...	...
Not in core need	4,425	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,400	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,304	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	420,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	433,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,460	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,082	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	11,825	5,830	5,995
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,555	735	815
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,515	730	785
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,445	695	750
Métis single ancestry	70	35	35
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,145	525	615
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,090	515	580
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	940	445	490
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155	65	90
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	10	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	10	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	9,130	4,570	4,560
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	11,825	5,825	5,995
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	11,140	5,420	5,720
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,595	1,305	1,290
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	8,545	4,115	4,425
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	680	410	275
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	11,825	5,825	5,995
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	10,280	5,010	5,265
Immigrants⁸¹	1,140	540	595
Before 1980	545	260	280
1980 to 1990	135	75	65
1991 to 2000	110	45	65
2001 to 2010	105	45	60
2011 to 2021⁸²	240	115	125
2011 to 2015	95	55	40
2016 to 2021	150	60	90
Non-permanent residents⁸³	405	275	135
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,140	540	595
Under 5 years	125	70	50
5 to 14 years	235	125	115
15 to 24 years	295	115	180
25 to 44 years	405	185	215
45 years and over	70	40	30
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,140	540	595
Americas	105	25	75
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	80	20	60
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	540	275	265
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	10	0	0
Germany	60	25	35
Greece	10	10	0
Hungary	20	10	10
Italy	25	0	20
Netherlands	45	20	20
Poland	20	10	10
Portugal	120	65	60
Romania	10	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0
Ukraine	10	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	55	45
Other places of birth in Europe	80	40	45
Africa	50	25	25
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	20
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0
Asia	425	210	220
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	40	15	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	100	30	65
Viet Nam	25	20	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	195	95	95
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	0	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	145	60	90
Americas	20	0	20
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	20	0	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	110	50	55
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	20	15	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	50	25	30
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	11,825	5,830	5,995
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,650	880	775
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,980	885	1,095
Third generation or more¹⁰²	8,195	4,070	4,130
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	595	275	320
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	325	175	150
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	150	85	65
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	175	90	90
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	245	85	155
Refugees¹⁰⁸	25	15	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	595	275	320
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	180	95	80
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	0	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	385	170	215
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	11,825	5,830	5,995
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,250	685	565
South Asian	700	425	275
Chinese	115	45	70
Black	60	20	40
Filipino	160	70	90
Arab	10	10	0
Latin American	20	0	10
Southeast Asian	35	25	0
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	75	40	35
Japanese	65	35	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	20	0	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	10,570	5,145	5,430
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	11,825	5,825	6,000
Canadian	1,705	830	875
English	2,700	1,325	1,375
Irish	1,795	850	945
Scottish	2,190	1,055	1,140
French, n.o.s.¹²²	915	435	475
German	1,710	765	945
Chinese	150	65	80
Italian	425	195	230
Indian (India)	510	280	230
Ukrainian	440	195	245
Dutch	755	370	385
Polish	380	175	205
Québécois	10	10	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	390	205	180
Filipino	175	75	100
French Canadian	130	60	70
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	215	80	135
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	725	340	385
Métis	315	125	190
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	295	135	160
Russian	150	70	80
Norwegian	630	320	305
Welsh	215	110	105
Portuguese	515	270	245
American	180	90	95
Spanish	75	40	35
Swedish	275	130	150
Hungarian	105	50	55
Acadian	50	30	20
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40	20	20
Jewish	35	10	20
Punjabi	75	75	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	25	0
Greek	45	25	20
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	120	55	65
Korean	75	45	35
Romanian	70	35	35
Lebanese	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	60	25	30
Danish	155	70	85
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	205	95	110
Sikh	110	85	25
Austrian	95	50	40
Belgian	35	10	25
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	70	55	25
Mexican	25	15	10
Mennonite	70	30	45
Swiss	130	80	50
Finnish	80	35	45
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	30	15	15
Japanese	65	40	25
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	30	25
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	100	65	35
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	45	40	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	40	15	25
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	10	20
Newfoundlander	25	20	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	10	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	45	25	15
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	10
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	0	15
South African	15	0	15
Australian	25	10	15
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	15	0	15
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	15	10	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	10
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	10	0	10
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	15	10	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	10	0	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	10	0
British Columbian	60	35	30
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	70	65	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	10	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	20	0	15
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	11,825	5,830	5,995
Buddhist	45	20	30
Christian	4,410	2,030	2,380
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,225	545	685
Anabaptist	10	0	10
Anglican	310	125	180
Baptist	210	115	95
Catholic	1,420	700	715
Christian Orthodox	30	25	0
Jehovah's Witness	75	35	40
Latter Day Saints	10	0	0
Lutheran	50	25	30
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	20	20
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	180	85	95
Presbyterian	30	10	30
Reformed	135	70	65
United Church	380	135	245
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	305	135	165
Hindu	145	85	55
Jewish	30	0	30
Muslim	40	25	15
Sikh	390	245	150
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	35	30
Other religions and spiritual traditions	185	85	95
No religion and secular perspectives	6,520	3,305	3,210
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	11,645	5,725	5,925
Non-movers	9,925	4,890	5,030
Movers	1,730	825	900
Non-migrants	1,120	520	595
Migrants	615	305	305
Internal migrants	525	270	255
Intraprovincial migrants	330	165	170
Interprovincial migrants	195	105	85
External migrants	85	40	45
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	11,095	5,435	5,660
Non-movers	5,980	2,915	3,070
Movers	5,110	2,520	2,590
Non-migrants	2,085	1,020	1,060
Migrants	3,030	1,500	1,530
Internal migrants	2,570	1,215	1,350
Intraprovincial migrants	1,965	930	1,035
Interprovincial migrants	605	290	310
External migrants	460	280	180
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,630	4,720	4,905
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,785	950	835
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,840	3,775	4,070
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,250	3,065	3,185
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	670	375	290
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,585	2,690	2,895
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,625	4,725	4,900
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,490	750	740
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,865	1,285	1,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,265	2,690	2,575
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,325	1,880	1,445
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,110	875	230
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	400	260	140
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	705	615	90
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,870	820	1,050
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	355	185	165
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,935	805	1,130
Bachelor's degree	1,315	540	780
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120	55	70
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	45	50
Master's degree	370	165	210
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	10	30
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,255	3,065	3,190
No certificate, diploma or degree	510	265	240
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,750	845	910
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,990	1,960	2,030
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,385	1,325	1,060
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	725	585	135
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	270	185	90
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	455	405	45
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,410	610	800
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	250	120	125
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,605	635	970
Bachelor's degree	1,085	420	665
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	95	40	60
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	35	50
Master's degree	310	140	170
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	0	30
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,625	4,725	4,900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,360	2,035	2,325
Education	410	105	310
13. Education	410	105	310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	100	50	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	95	45	50
Humanities	280	175	110
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	120	80	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	45	15
54. History	30	15	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	385	95	290
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	95	0	95
22. Legal professions and studies	40	10	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	80	25	50
45. Social sciences	110	45	65
Business, management and public administration	990	380	605
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170	45	125
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	815	330	480
Physical and life sciences and technologies	200	90	110
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	35	65
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	30	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	45	25	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130	80	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	100	65	35
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	15	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,235	1,140	95
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	0
14. Engineering	100	85	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	220	205	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	365	345	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	380	350	25
48. Precision production	160	140	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	275	190	85
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	35	10	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	180	65
Health and related fields	915	165	750
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35	15	25
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	850	135	715
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	355	225	130
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	220	105	120
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	55	45	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	80	80	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,250	3,065	3,185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,265	1,105	1,155
Education	325	60	260
13. Education	325	60	260
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	75	30	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	75	30	35
Humanities	170	100	65
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	35	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	35	10
54. History	20	10	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	350	80	270
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	10	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	85	0	85
22. Legal professions and studies	35	0	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	10
42. Psychology	70	20	45
45. Social sciences	100	30	60
Business, management and public administration	810	315	500
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	135	30	105
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	670	280	390
Physical and life sciences and technologies	145	50	95
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85	30	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	0	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	35	15	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	115	70	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	85	55	30
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	855	790	65
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	0
14. Engineering	90	75	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	150	135	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	270	250	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	245	235	0
48. Precision production	90	80	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	220	155	65
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	150	55
Health and related fields	675	130	540
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	15	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	635	110	520
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	270	175	95
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	165	80	80
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	50	40	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	60	55	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	6,250	3,065	3,185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,265	1,105	1,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,990	1,955	2,035
Location of study inside Canada	3,520	1,725	1,795
Same as province or territory of residence	2,775	1,365	1,410
Different than province or territory of residence	750	360	385
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	470	230	240
Americas	105	55	50
United States of America	95	55	45
Mexico	10	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	70	35	30
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	10	10	10
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	50	25	25
Nigeria	10	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	235	105	130
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15
Philippines	65	25	35
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	105	50	55
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0
Oceania	10	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	9,625	4,725	4,900
In the labour force	6,470	3,400	3,075
Employed	6,055	3,180	2,880
Unemployed	420	220	195
Not in the labour force	3,155	1,325	1,830
Participation rate	67.2	72.0	62.8
Employment rate	62.9	67.3	58.8
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.5	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	9,625	4,725	4,900
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,040	1,285	1,755
Worked	6,590	3,440	3,150
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,320	1,885	1,435
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,270	1,555	1,715
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	41.4	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	6,470	3,400	3,070
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	65	35	35
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	6,405	3,360	3,040
Employee	5,630	2,940	2,690
Permanent position	4,745	2,515	2,235
Temporary position	880	430	450
Fixed term (1 year or more)	245	120	120
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	635	300	330
Self-employed¹⁹²	780	425	350
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	6,470	3,400	3,070
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	65	35	35
All occupations¹⁹¹	6,405	3,360	3,040
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	50	45	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	860	225	640
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	450	350	95
3 Health occupations	690	115	570
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	945	315	630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	120	30	90
6 Sales and service occupations	1,625	740	885
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,315	1,220	95
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	115	90	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	235	220	10
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	6,470	3,400	3,070
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	65	35	35
All industries¹⁹¹	6,405	3,360	3,040
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	150	125	30
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	70	20
22 Utilities	75	60	15
23 Construction	650	540	105
31-33 Manufacturing	315	280	35
41 Wholesale trade	185	145	40
44-45 Retail trade	805	400	405
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	315	240	80
51 Information and cultural industries	90	45	40
52 Finance and insurance	175	50	130
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	95	50	40
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	375	220	150
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	220	145	80
61 Educational services	605	205	400
62 Health care and social assistance	1,165	235	935
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	75	25	50
72 Accommodation and food services	410	200	210
81 Other services (except public administration)	230	125	110
91 Public administration	380	215	170
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	7,010	3,650	3,360
English	6,910	3,605	3,310
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	60	25	35
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	7,010	3,650	3,360
Single responses	7,005	3,650	3,360
Official languages	7,000	3,635	3,360
English	6,975	3,630	3,345
French	25	0	15
Non-official languages	10	10	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	7,010	3,650	3,360
None	6,920	3,610	3,310
English	30	10	15
French	35	20	20
Non-official language	30	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	6,055	3,180	2,875
Worked at home	660	290	365
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	850	655	195
Usual place of work	4,555	2,235	2,315
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,550	2,235	2,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,695	1,695	1,995
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	495	330	170
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	355	210	145
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,400	2,890	2,515
Car, truck or van	4,725	2,545	2,175
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,300	2,320	1,980
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	425	225	195
Public transit	115	80	35
Walked	430	175	255
Bicycle	75	35	35
Other method	55	40	15
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,400	2,890	2,515
Less than 15 minutes	3,990	2,005	1,985
15 to 29 minutes	730	355	375
30 to 44 minutes	195	120	80
45 to 59 minutes	170	135	40
60 minutes and over	310	275	35
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,400	2,890	2,515
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	260	195	70
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	740	500	245
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,345	765	575
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,600	695	905
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	635	220	415
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	825	515	310
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,735	1,385	1,355
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	250	115	130
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,490	1,270	1,220
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,930	980	945
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	185	85	105
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	120	60	60
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	70	25	40
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,735	895	845

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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