Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Terrace, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	12,017
Population, 2016¹	11,643
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.2
Total private dwellings²	5,200
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,873
Population density per square kilometre	209.6
Land area in square kilometres	57.33
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	12,015
0 to 14 years	2,260
0 to 4 years	755
5 to 9 years	775
10 to 14 years	730
15 to 64 years	7,830
15 to 19 years	675
20 to 24 years	730
25 to 29 years	905
30 to 34 years	915
35 to 39 years	855
40 to 44 years	730
45 to 49 years	685
50 to 54 years	795
55 to 59 years	785
60 to 64 years	755
65 years and over	1,925
65 to 69 years	640
70 to 74 years	525
75 to 79 years	360
80 to 84 years	220
85 years and over	180
85 to 89 years	135
90 to 94 years	35
95 to 99 years	15
100 years and over	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8
15 to 64 years	65.2
65 years and over	16.0
85 years and over	1.5
Average age of the population	39.3
Median age of the population	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,875
Single-detached house	2,925
Semi-detached house	220
Row house	450
Apartment or flat in a duplex	340
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	590
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0
Other single-attached house	50
Movable dwelling⁴	305
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,870
1 person	1,445
2 persons	1,670
3 persons	685
4 persons	665
5 or more persons	405
Number of persons in private households	11,825
Average household size	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	9,760
Married or living common-law	5,460
Married	4,085
Living common-law	1,370
Living common law - Never married	1,040
Living common law - Separated	65
Living common law - Divorced	240
Living common law - Widowed	30
Not married and not living common-law	4,300
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,910
Not married and not living common law - Separated	295
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	560
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	535
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	3,260
2 persons	1,730
3 persons	645
4 persons	605
5 or more persons	280
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	3,260
Total couple families	2,670
Married couples	1,980
With children⁶	985
Without children	995
Common-law couples	685
With children⁶	280
Without children	410
Total one-parent families	595
in which the parent is a woman+	460
in which the parent is a man+	135
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	11,825
Total - Persons in census families	9,330
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,330
Parents in one-parent families	595
Children⁶	3,405
In a two-parent family	2,420
In a one-parent family	985
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,490
Living alone	1,440
Living with other relatives⁷	365
Living with non-relatives only	680
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,875
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,805
Couple-family households	2,370
With children⁶	1,120
Without children	1,245
One-parent-family households	435
Multigenerational households⁸	105
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	230
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	265
One-person households	1,440
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	9,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,315
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,320
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,405
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,020
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,490
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	940
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,060
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	9,630
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,360
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,535
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,090
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,570
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	865
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,075
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	9,630
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,265
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,090
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	9,565
Without total income	250
With total income	9,320
Under $10,000 (including loss)	725
$10,000 to $19,999	955
$20,000 to $29,999	1,270
$30,000 to $39,999	1,170
$40,000 to $49,999	1,035
$50,000 to $59,999	900
$60,000 to $69,999	675
$70,000 to $79,999	535
$80,000 to $89,999	475
$90,000 to $99,999	365
$100,000 and over	1,200
$100,000 to $149,999	900
$150,000 and over	300
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	9,565
Without after-tax income	245
With after-tax income	9,325
Under $10,000 (including loss)	750
$10,000 to $19,999	985
$20,000 to $29,999	1,455
$30,000 to $39,999	1,345
$40,000 to $49,999	1,240
$50,000 to $59,999	920
$60,000 to $69,999	735
$70,000 to $79,999	575
$80,000 to $89,999	430
$90,000 to $99,999	315
$100,000 and over	575
$100,000 to $124,999	380
$125,000 and over	200
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	9,565
Without employment income	2,550
With employment income	7,015
Under $5,000 (including loss)	740
$5,000 to $9,999	445
$10,000 to $19,999	780
$20,000 to $29,999	635
$30,000 to $39,999	660
$40,000 to $49,999	620
$50,000 to $59,999	590
$60,000 to $69,999	465
$70,000 to $79,999	445
$80,000 to $89,999	370
$90,000 to $99,999	285
$100,000 and over	975
$100,000 to $124,999	545
$125,000 and over	435
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	9,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,100
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,115
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,305
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,170
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,140
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	835
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	9,630
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,100
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,125
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,340
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,145
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,095
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	755
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	9,630
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,225
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,905
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	87.8
Employment income (%)	76.2
Government transfers (%)	12.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,870
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,440
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	3,435
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,875
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,440
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,040
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	3,435
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,900
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,200
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,870
Under $5,000	35
$5,000 to $9,999	25
$10,000 to $14,999	35
$15,000 to $19,999	125
$20,000 to $24,999	185
$25,000 to $29,999	140
$30,000 to $34,999	135
$35,000 to $39,999	140
$40,000 to $44,999	190
$45,000 to $49,999	170
$50,000 to $59,999	345
$60,000 to $69,999	325
$70,000 to $79,999	275
$80,000 to $89,999	295
$90,000 to $99,999	270
$100,000 and over	2,175
$100,000 to $124,999	570
$125,000 to $149,999	500
$150,000 to $199,999	645
$200,000 and over	465
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,870
Under $5,000	40
$5,000 to $9,999	25
$10,000 to $14,999	45
$15,000 to $19,999	120
$20,000 to $24,999	190
$25,000 to $29,999	170
$30,000 to $34,999	155
$35,000 to $39,999	185
$40,000 to $44,999	195
$45,000 to $49,999	215
$50,000 to $59,999	385
$60,000 to $69,999	380
$70,000 to $79,999	325
$80,000 to $89,999	345
$90,000 to $99,999	290
$100,000 and over	1,810
$100,000 to $124,999	655
$125,000 to $149,999	505
$150,000 and over	645
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	3,230
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,290
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,280
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	535
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,125
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	3,240
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,700
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,325
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,295
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	525
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,600
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,180
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	11,825
0 to 17 years	2,695
0 to 5 years	900
18 to 64 years	7,235
65 years and over	1,895
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,105
0 to 17 years	310
0 to 5 years	95
18 to 64 years	535
65 years and over	260
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4
65 years and over (%)	13.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	11,825
0 to 17 years	2,695
0 to 5 years	900
18 to 64 years	7,230
65 years and over	1,900
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	300
0 to 17 years	60
0 to 5 years	15
18 to 64 years	205
65 years and over	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8
65 years and over (%)	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	11,825
In bottom half of the distribution	5,490
In bottom decile	1,060
In second decile	1,160
In third decile	1,050
In fourth decile	1,055
In fifth decile	1,160
In top half of the distribution	6,335
In sixth decile	1,045
In seventh decile	1,270
In eighth decile	1,300
In ninth decile	1,490
In top decile	1,235
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	11,825
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.399
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	11,875
English only	11,045
French only	10
English and French	745
Neither English nor French	75
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	11,875
English	11,595
French	180
English and French	20
Neither English nor French	75
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	11,875
Single responses	11,480
Official languages	10,060
English	9,850
French	210
Non-official languages	1,420
Indigenous languages³⁹	70
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	55
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20
Nisga'a	30
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	5
Haisla	5
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,350
Afro-Asiatic languages	30
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	30
Amharic	5
Arabic	30
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	135
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	35
Kannada	0
Malayalam	15
Tamil	5
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,010
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	60
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	25
Russian	15
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	0
Croatian	5
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	220
Frisian	0
High German languages	125
German	120
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	40
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	20
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	445
Indo-Aryan languages	440
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	20
Hindi	35
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	365
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	5
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	5
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	280
Catalan	0
Italian	30
Portuguese	220
Romanian	5
Spanish	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	50
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35
Chinese languages	35
Hakka	0
Mandarin	10
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	20
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	395
English and French	65
English and non-official language(s)	295
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	11,875
English	10,265
French	40
Non-official language	295
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	295
English and French	135
English and non-official language(s)	1,075
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30
Multiple non-official languages	25
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	11,875
Single responses	11,635
Official languages	11,000
English	10,935
French	65
Non-official languages	635
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	630
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	15
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	60
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	10
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	25
Kannada	0
Malayalam	10
Tamil	5
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	445
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	15
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	5
Russian	5
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	20
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	10
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	5
Indo-Iranian languages	305
Indo-Aryan languages	300
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	15
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	265
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	75
Romanian	0
Spanish	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	35
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30
Chinese languages	30
Hakka	0
Mandarin	5
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	235
English and French	15
English and non-official language(s)	195
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	20
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	11,875
None	10,790
English	305
French	100
Non-official language	560
Indigenous³⁹	110
Non-Indigenous	445
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	50
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	55
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	11,825
Official languages	11,775
English	11,775
French	820
Non-official languages	2,125
Indigenous languages³⁹	345
Algonquian languages	10
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	40
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	20
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	20
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	310
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	60
Nisga'a	170
Tsimshian	90
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,785
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	10
Amharic	0
Arabic	10
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	145
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	30
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	30
Kannada	0
Malayalam	15
Tamil	15
Telugu	15
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,360
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	85
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	80
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	35
Russian	0
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	25
Bosnian	0
Croatian	15
Serbian	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	290
Frisian	0
High German languages	185
German	185
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85
Afrikaans	35
Dutch	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	30
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	605
Indo-Aryan languages	600
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	35
Hindi	275
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	475
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	415
Catalan	0
Italian	60
Portuguese	220
Romanian	15
Spanish	115
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	65
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	15
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	45
American Sign Language	40
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	90
Chinese languages	90
Hakka	0
Mandarin	60
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	40
Estonian	0
Finnish	20
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	11,825
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,635
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,600
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,255
Métis	335
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0
Non-Indigenous identity	9,190
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	11,825
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,640
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	10,190
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,870
Owner	3,415
Renter	1,460
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,870
Condominium	520
Not condominium	4,355
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,870
No bedrooms	55
1 bedroom	445
2 bedrooms	1,155
3 bedrooms	1,485
4 or more bedrooms	1,735
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,870
1 to 4 rooms	1,240
5 rooms	715
6 rooms	615
7 rooms	610
8 or more rooms	1,685
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,870
One person or fewer per room	4,780
More than one person per room	95
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,870
Suitable	4,640
Not suitable	230
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,870
1960 or before	630
1961 to 1980	2,200
1981 to 1990	580
1991 to 2000	735
2001 to 2005	90
2006 to 2010	160
2011 to 2015	210
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	280
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,870
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	4,495
Major repairs needed	375
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,870
One-maintainer household	2,455
Two-maintainer household	2,135
Three-or-more-maintainer household	285
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,870
15 to 24 years	180
25 to 34 years	835
35 to 44 years	820
45 to 54 years	835
55 to 64 years	885
65 to 74 years	740
75 to 84 years	455
85 years and over	130
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	4,845
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	4,110
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	735
30% to less than 100%	685
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,870
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,250
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	665
Not suitable only	195
Major repairs needed only	305
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	50
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	3,620
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	4,790
In core need	370
Not in core need	4,425
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,400
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.2
% in core housing need⁶³	5.1
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,304
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	420,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	433,600
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,460
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.3
% in core housing need⁶³	14.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,082
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	11,825
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,555
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,515
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,445
Métis single ancestry	70
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,145
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,090
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	940
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	9,130
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	11,825
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	11,140
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,595
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	8,545
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	680
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	11,825
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	10,280
Immigrants⁸¹	1,140
Before 1980	545
1980 to 1990	135
1991 to 2000	110
2001 to 2010	105
2011 to 2021⁸²	240
2011 to 2015	95
2016 to 2021	150
Non-permanent residents⁸³	405
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,140
Under 5 years	125
5 to 14 years	235
15 to 24 years	295
25 to 44 years	405
45 years and over	70
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,140
Americas	105
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
El Salvador	0
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	10
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	80
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	540
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	0
France	10
Germany	60
Greece	10
Hungary	20
Italy	25
Netherlands	45
Poland	20
Portugal	120
Romania	10
Russian Federation	0
Serbia⁸⁶	15
Ukraine	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105
Other places of birth in Europe	80
Africa	50
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	30
Other places of birth in Africa	10
Asia	425
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	40
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
Korea, South⁹²	30
Taiwan	0
Philippines	100
Viet Nam	25
Bangladesh	0
India	195
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	10
Other places of birth in Asia	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	145
Americas	20
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	0
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	0
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	110
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	20
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	50
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	11,825
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,650
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,980
Third generation or more¹⁰²	8,195
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	595
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	325
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	150
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	175
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	245
Refugees¹⁰⁸	25
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	595
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	180
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	385
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	11,825
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,250
South Asian	700
Chinese	115
Black	60
Filipino	160
Arab	10
Latin American	20
Southeast Asian	35
West Asian	0
Korean	75
Japanese	65
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0
Multiple visible minorities	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	10,570
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	11,825
Canadian	1,705
English	2,700
Irish	1,795
Scottish	2,190
French, n.o.s.¹²²	915
German	1,710
Chinese	150
Italian	425
Indian (India)	510
Ukrainian	440
Dutch	755
Polish	380
Québécois	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	390
Filipino	175
French Canadian	130
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	215
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	725
Métis	315
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	295
Russian	150
Norwegian	630
Welsh	215
Portuguese	515
American	180
Spanish	75
Swedish	275
Hungarian	105
Acadian	50
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40
Jewish	35
Punjabi	75
Vietnamese	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25
Greek	45
Jamaican	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	120
Korean	75
Romanian	70
Lebanese	0
Iranian	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	60
Danish	155
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	205
Sikh	110
Austrian	95
Belgian	35
Haitian	0
Hindu	70
Mexican	25
Mennonite	70
Swiss	130
Finnish	80
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	30
Japanese	65
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	100
Muslim	0
Egyptian	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	0
Icelandic	45
Colombian	0
Moroccan	0
Czech	40
Syrian	0
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15
Serbian	0
Ojibway	35
Newfoundlander	25
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	0
Persian	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	0
Nigerian	0
Armenian	0
Slovak	45
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	25
South African	15
Australian	25
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	15
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	0
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	20
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	10
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	15
African American	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	10
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15
British Columbian	60
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	0
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	70
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	10
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	20
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	11,825
Buddhist	45
Christian	4,410
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,225
Anabaptist	10
Anglican	310
Baptist	210
Catholic	1,420
Christian Orthodox	30
Jehovah's Witness	75
Latter Day Saints	10
Lutheran	50
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	180
Presbyterian	30
Reformed	135
United Church	380
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	305
Hindu	145
Jewish	30
Muslim	40
Sikh	390
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65
Other religions and spiritual traditions	185
No religion and secular perspectives	6,520
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	11,645
Non-movers	9,925
Movers	1,730
Non-migrants	1,120
Migrants	615
Internal migrants	525
Intraprovincial migrants	330
Interprovincial migrants	195
External migrants	85
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	11,095
Non-movers	5,980
Movers	5,110
Non-migrants	2,085
Migrants	3,030
Internal migrants	2,570
Intraprovincial migrants	1,965
Interprovincial migrants	605
External migrants	460
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,630
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,785
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,840
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,250
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	670
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,585
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,625
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,490
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,265
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,325
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,110
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	400
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	705
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,870
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	355
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,935
Bachelor's degree	1,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95
Master's degree	370
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,255
No certificate, diploma or degree	510
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,750
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,990
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,385
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	725
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	270
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	455
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,410
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	250
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,605
Bachelor's degree	1,085
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	95
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80
Master's degree	310
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,625
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,360
Education	410
13. Education	410
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	100
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0
50. Visual and performing arts	95
Humanities	280
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20
23. English language and literature/letters	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	120
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	60
54. History	30
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	385
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	95
22. Legal professions and studies	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10
42. Psychology	80
45. Social sciences	110
Business, management and public administration	990
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	815
Physical and life sciences and technologies	200
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	100
25. Library science	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,235
04. Architecture and related services	20
14. Engineering	100
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	220
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	380
48. Precision production	160
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	275
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	245
Health and related fields	915
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	850
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	355
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	80
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,265
Education	325
13. Education	325
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0
50. Visual and performing arts	75
Humanities	170
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10
23. English language and literature/letters	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	45
54. History	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	350
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	85
22. Legal professions and studies	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15
42. Psychology	70
45. Social sciences	100
Business, management and public administration	810
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	135
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	670
Physical and life sciences and technologies	145
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	115
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	85
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	855
04. Architecture and related services	20
14. Engineering	90
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	150
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	270
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	245
48. Precision production	90
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	220
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	205
Health and related fields	675
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	15
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	635
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	270
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	165
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	60
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	6,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,265
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,990
Location of study inside Canada	3,520
Same as province or territory of residence	2,775
Different than province or territory of residence	750
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	470
Americas	105
United States of America	95
Mexico	10
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0
Europe	70
Belgium	0
France	0
Germany	0
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	10
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0
Africa	50
Nigeria	10
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	35
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	235
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	25
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	25
Philippines	65
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	105
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10
Oceania	10
Australia	0
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	9,625
In the labour force	6,470
Employed	6,055
Unemployed	420
Not in the labour force	3,155
Participation rate	67.2
Employment rate	62.9
Unemployment rate	6.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	9,625
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,040
Worked	6,590
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,320
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,270
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	6,470
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	65
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	6,405
Employee	5,630
Permanent position	4,745
Temporary position	880
Fixed term (1 year or more)	245
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	635
Self-employed¹⁹²	780
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	6,470
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	65
All occupations¹⁹¹	6,405
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	50
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	860
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	450
3 Health occupations	690
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	945
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	120
6 Sales and service occupations	1,625
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,315
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	115
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	235
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	6,470
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	65
All industries¹⁹¹	6,405
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	150
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85
22 Utilities	75
23 Construction	650
31-33 Manufacturing	315
41 Wholesale trade	185
44-45 Retail trade	805
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	315
51 Information and cultural industries	90
52 Finance and insurance	175
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	95
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	375
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	220
61 Educational services	605
62 Health care and social assistance	1,165
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	75
72 Accommodation and food services	410
81 Other services (except public administration)	230
91 Public administration	380
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	7,010
English	6,910
French	0
Non-official language	0
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	0
English and French	60
English and non-official language(s)	35
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	7,010
Single responses	7,005
Official languages	7,000
English	6,975
French	25
Non-official languages	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	0
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	7,010
None	6,920
English	30
French	35
Non-official language	30
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	25
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	6,055
Worked at home	660
Worked outside Canada	0
No fixed workplace address	850
Usual place of work	4,555
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,550
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,695
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	495
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	355
Commute to a different province or territory	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,400
Car, truck or van	4,725
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,300
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	425
Public transit	115
Walked	430
Bicycle	75
Other method	55
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,400
Less than 15 minutes	3,990
15 to 29 minutes	730
30 to 44 minutes	195
45 to 59 minutes	170
60 minutes and over	310
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,400
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	260
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	740
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,345
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,600
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	635
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	825
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,735
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	250
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,490
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,930
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	185
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	120
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	70
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,735

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 10, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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