Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fort St. John, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	21,465	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,260^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	10,004	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,777	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	656.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	32.67	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	21,465	11,010	10,455
0 to 14 years	4,580	2,380	2,195
0 to 4 years	1,660	840	820
5 to 9 years	1,485	785	700
10 to 14 years	1,430	760	675
15 to 64 years	15,110	7,825	7,285
15 to 19 years	1,260	660	600
20 to 24 years	1,635	875	760
25 to 29 years	2,155	1,135	1,025
30 to 34 years	2,155	1,130	1,025
35 to 39 years	1,910	990	925
40 to 44 years	1,525	765	760
45 to 49 years	1,315	690	625
50 to 54 years	1,135	570	565
55 to 59 years	1,075	545	535
60 to 64 years	945	475	470
65 years and over	1,780	800	975
65 to 69 years	670	325	345
70 to 74 years	395	190	205
75 to 79 years	295	125	165
80 to 84 years	215	90	120
85 years and over	205	65	135
85 to 89 years	110	40	75
90 to 94 years	65	20	45
95 to 99 years	20	5	15
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.3	21.6	21.0
15 to 64 years	70.4	71.1	69.7
65 years and over	8.3	7.3	9.3
85 years and over	1.0	0.6	1.3
Average age of the population	34.1	33.5	34.8
Median age of the population	32.4	32.0	33.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,775	...	...
Single-detached house	4,375	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,005	...	...
Row house	875	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	235	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,690	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	145	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	450	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,780	...	...
1 person	2,680	...	...
2 persons	2,745	...	...
3 persons	1,460	...	...
4 persons	1,180	...	...
5 or more persons	715	...	...
Number of persons in private households	21,175	10,885	10,285
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,885	8,625	8,265
Married or living common-law	9,335	4,695	4,635
Married	6,800	3,425	3,370
Living common-law	2,535	1,265	1,265
Living common law - Never married	2,050	1,030	1,025
Living common law - Separated	105	45	65
Living common law - Divorced	345	185	165
Living common law - Widowed	35	15	20
Not married and not living common-law	7,555	3,925	3,625
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,435	3,160	2,275
Not married and not living common law - Separated	610	260	345
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	945	400	545
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	560	110	455
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,560	...	...
2 persons	2,630	...	...
3 persons	1,290	...	...
4 persons	1,075	...	...
5 or more persons	555	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,555	...	...
Total couple families	4,530	...	...
Married couples	3,260	...	...
With children⁶	1,900	...	...
Without children	1,360	...	...
Common-law couples	1,265	...	...
With children⁶	585	...	...
Without children	685	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,025	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	765	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	260	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	21,175	10,885	10,285
Total - Persons in census families	16,425	8,180	8,245
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,060	4,535	4,520
Parents in one-parent families	1,030	260	770
Children⁶	6,340	3,385	2,960
In a two-parent family	4,705	2,500	2,205
In a one-parent family	1,635	885	755
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,745	2,705	2,035
Living alone	2,680	1,480	1,200
Living with other relatives⁷	540	270	275
Living with non-relatives only	1,525	960	565
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,780	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,905	...	...
Couple-family households	4,095	...	...
With children⁶	2,270	...	...
Without children	1,820	...	...
One-parent-family households	810	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	140	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	365	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	650	...	...
One-person households	2,680	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,595	8,505	8,090
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,960	8,200	7,760
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	69,500	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,965	8,205	7,760
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	59,200	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,585	7,770	6,810
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	69,000	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,385	7,275	6,110
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	69,500	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,045	5,500	6,545
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,250	5,960	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,955	990	965
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,760	6,240
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,455	2,195	2,260
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,600	8,505	8,090
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,910	8,160	7,750
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,400	78,400	47,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,910	8,160	7,750
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,850	63,250	41,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,510	7,700	6,810
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,200	76,700	43,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,385	7,310	6,080
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,550	76,000	44,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,145	5,525	6,615
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,880	8,840	10,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,975	1,015	960
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,460	7,300	7,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,435	2,175	2,260
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,660	8,420	8,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,600	8,505	8,090
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,455	3,790	2,665
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,500	89,000	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,800	98,000	66,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,580	2,840	2,735
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	43,600	21,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,320	54,950	27,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.2	92.4	80.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	81.6	87.0	72.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.9	7.6	19.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.3	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	2.9	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,600	8,505	8,095
Without total income	635	305	335
With total income	15,965	8,200	7,760
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,335	470	865
$10,000 to $19,999	1,270	430	840
$20,000 to $29,999	1,810	640	1,165
$30,000 to $39,999	1,700	630	1,065
$40,000 to $49,999	1,600	625	975
$50,000 to $59,999	1,420	660	760
$60,000 to $69,999	1,275	675	605
$70,000 to $79,999	1,005	620	385
$80,000 to $89,999	885	590	295
$90,000 to $99,999	810	555	255
$100,000 and over	2,845	2,305	545
$100,000 to $149,999	1,930	1,510	415
$150,000 and over	915	790	125
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,600	8,505	8,095
Without after-tax income	630	300	330
With after-tax income	15,965	8,205	7,765
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,365	485	880
$10,000 to $19,999	1,335	455	880
$20,000 to $29,999	2,070	745	1,320
$30,000 to $39,999	2,040	795	1,245
$40,000 to $49,999	1,860	805	1,055
$50,000 to $59,999	1,690	885	810
$60,000 to $69,999	1,340	835	510
$70,000 to $79,999	1,140	750	390
$80,000 to $89,999	935	660	275
$90,000 to $99,999	605	475	130
$100,000 and over	1,580	1,330	255
$100,000 to $124,999	895	745	150
$125,000 and over	690	585	110
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,600	8,505	8,095
Without employment income	3,215	1,225	1,985
With employment income	13,385	7,275	6,105
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,070	415	660
$5,000 to $9,999	760	270	495
$10,000 to $19,999	1,210	445	760
$20,000 to $29,999	1,225	490	740
$30,000 to $39,999	1,105	485	620
$40,000 to $49,999	1,140	480	665
$50,000 to $59,999	1,110	530	580
$60,000 to $69,999	975	550	425
$70,000 to $79,999	865	555	305
$80,000 to $89,999	745	510	230
$90,000 to $99,999	695	490	205
$100,000 and over	2,475	2,055	420
$100,000 to $124,999	1,085	845	240
$125,000 and over	1,395	1,215	180
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,595	8,505	8,090
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,615	8,060	7,550
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	70,500	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,655	8,070	7,590
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	59,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,510	7,755	6,755
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200	70,500	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,505	7,345	6,160
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	70,500	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,990	3,610	5,385
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,720	1,760	5,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,545	730	815
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,120	7,250
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,600	8,505	8,090
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,625	8,020	7,605
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,450	80,000	43,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,680	8,030	7,650
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,760	63,200	37,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,560	7,705	6,850
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,550	80,300	42,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,570	7,350	6,220
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,850	78,800	41,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,910	3,420	5,490
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300	6,710	7,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,505	695	815
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,490	6,170	8,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,600	8,505	8,090
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,415	3,755	2,655
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	89,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,200	96,600	59,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,390	2,775	2,610
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,400	54,400	24,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	48,200	64,400	30,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.4	96.4	87.4
Employment income (%)	86.0	90.2	78.0
Government transfers (%)	6.7	3.6	12.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.7	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,780	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,680	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,095	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,775	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	114,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,670	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,350	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,105	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,775	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	145	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	230	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	205	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	210	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	265	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	275	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	245	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	500	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	505	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	550	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	510	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	490	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,480	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,180	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	955	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,290	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,050	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,775	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	150	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	240	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	240	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	255	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	310	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	295	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	310	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	625	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	630	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	660	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	585	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	610	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,680	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,335	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	965	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,380	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,590	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,905	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,495	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	980	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,205	2,445	1,765
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,800	60,400	43,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	52,400	40,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,595	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,890	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,490	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	990	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,165	2,365	1,800
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,150	66,700	53,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,500	55,200	46,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	21,170	10,890	10,285
0 to 17 years	5,310	2,760	2,550
0 to 5 years	1,965	1,000	965
18 to 64 years	14,260	7,395	6,865
65 years and over	1,605	740	865
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,705	760	945
0 to 17 years	515	265	245
0 to 5 years	195	100	95
18 to 64 years	960	420	540
65 years and over	230	70	165
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.1	7.0	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	9.7	9.7	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	9.9	10.0	9.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	5.7	7.9
65 years and over (%)	14.6	9.6	18.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	21,175	10,885	10,285
0 to 17 years	5,315	2,755	2,555
0 to 5 years	1,965	995	970
18 to 64 years	14,255	7,390	6,865
65 years and over	1,600	740	865
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	620	320	300
0 to 17 years	160	80	80
0 to 5 years	50	25	30
18 to 64 years	435	225	210
65 years and over	25	15	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.0	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	2.9	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.6	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	3.1	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.7	2.0	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	21,170	10,890	10,285
In bottom half of the distribution	8,595	4,175	4,415
In bottom decile	1,735	815	920
In second decile	1,540	715	825
In third decile	1,580	775	810
In fourth decile	1,740	870	875
In fifth decile	2,000	1,010	990
In top half of the distribution	12,575	6,710	5,865
In sixth decile	2,160	1,115	1,040
In seventh decile	2,510	1,335	1,175
In eighth decile	2,635	1,405	1,230
In ninth decile	2,695	1,415	1,280
In top decile	2,570	1,435	1,140
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	21,175	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.295	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.367	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	21,260	10,935	10,325
English only	20,150	10,430	9,720
French only	10	5	5
English and French	1,010	465	545
Neither English nor French	90	40	50
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	21,260	10,935	10,325
English	20,960	10,770	10,185
French	185	110	75
English and French	30	20	15
Neither English nor French	80	35	45
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	21,260	10,935	10,325
Single responses	20,645	10,620	10,025
Official languages	18,115	9,360	8,755
English	17,930	9,255	8,675
French	190	110	85
Non-official languages	2,530	1,260	1,270
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	15
Algonquian languages	20	5	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	20	5	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	20	5	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,495	1,250	1,250
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	45	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0	0
Hausa	5	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	35	25
Amharic	15	10	5
Arabic	35	25	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	665	275	385
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Cebuano	30	15	15
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	15	15
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10
Pangasinan	5	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	555	235	320
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	105	65	35
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	85	55	35
Tamil	10	10	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,330	705	630
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	170	80	90
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	165	80	90
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	10
Russian	100	45	55
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0
Serbian	5	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	315	155	165
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	235	110	125
German	225	110	115
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	35
Afrikaans	15	5	10
Dutch	20	10	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	5	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	30	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	640	365	275
Indo-Aryan languages	630	360	270
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	5	5
Gujarati	75	50	25
Hindi	75	40	35
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	15	10	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	395	220	175
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	45	25	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	190	100	90
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	10
Portuguese	35	15	20
Romanian	30	20	20
Spanish	105	50	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10
Korean	95	45	50
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5
Dinka	5	0	5
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	60	60
Chinese languages	120	60	60
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	60	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	30	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	615	315	300
English and French	100	50	45
English and non-official language(s)	440	225	210
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	35
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	21,260	10,935	10,325
English	18,465	9,550	8,920
French	45	25	20
Non-official language	615	320	295
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	610	320	290
English and French	130	60	70
English and non-official language(s)	1,900	925	970
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	21,260	10,935	10,325
Single responses	20,795	10,710	10,085
Official languages	19,430	10,010	9,420
English	19,370	9,975	9,390
French	60	35	25
Non-official languages	1,370	700	665
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,360	700	660
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	390	180	205
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	5	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	330	155	175
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	70	40	25
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	65	40	25
Tamil	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	705	375	330
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	35	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	65	35	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	55	25	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	30	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	45	20	25
German	45	20	25
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	470	255	215
Indo-Aryan languages	465	255	205
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5
Gujarati	45	25	25
Hindi	35	25	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	325	180	150
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	50	50
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5
Portuguese	25	10	10
Romanian	15	5	10
Spanish	55	30	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0
Korean	70	35	35
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	35
Chinese languages	60	25	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	10	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	460	225	235
English and French	25	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	435	210	220
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	21,255	10,935	10,325
None	19,500	10,075	9,425
English	560	275	285
French	115	50	65
Non-official language	770	375	400
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10
Non-Indigenous	750	370	385
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	155	85	70
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	135	60	70
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	21,175	10,890	10,285
Official languages	21,055	10,825	10,230
English	21,055	10,825	10,230
French	935	435	500
Non-official languages	3,755	1,955	1,805
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	25	45
Algonquian languages	55	20	35
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	55	20	35
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	55	20	35
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	20	25
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	0	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	0	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	10	0	10
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,685	1,930	1,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	35
Berber languages	10	10	0
Kabyle	10	10	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	30	35
Amharic	20	15	0
Arabic	30	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	975	440	530
Bikol	20	0	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	80	25	50
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10
Ilocano	75	30	45
Indonesian	10	0	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55	40	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	920	425	495
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Creole languages	40	20	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	30	20	10
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	145	105	35
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	110	75	30
Tamil	35	30	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,030	1,140	890
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	300	180	120
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	300	180	120
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	35	15	20
Russian	185	105	85
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	20	15	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	45	30	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	510	260	245
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	430	220	210
German	405	220	185
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	0	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	40	35
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	10
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	45	25	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	920	530	395
Indo-Aryan languages	910	520	395
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	70	40	30
Hindi	460	250	210
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	640	350	285
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0	10
Urdu	105	60	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	10	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	405	245	165
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	30	25	0
Portuguese	85	55	30
Romanian	40	20	20
Spanish	260	155	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15
Korean	110	50	55
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	145	55	90
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	35	15	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	60	25	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	0	20
American Sign Language	25	0	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	80	40
Chinese languages	120	80	40
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	55	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	60	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	40	25	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	40	25	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	20	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	20	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	21,175	10,885	10,285
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,770	1,380	1,385
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,675	1,330	1,345
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,440	720	720
Métis	1,180	585	595
Inuk (Inuit)	60	25	30
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	45	40
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	10	0
Non-Indigenous identity	18,400	9,505	8,895
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	21,175	10,885	10,285
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,075	545	530
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20,100	10,345	9,755
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,780	...	...
Owner	5,070	...	...
Renter	3,710	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,780	...	...
Condominium	790	...	...
Not condominium	7,985	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,780	...	...
No bedrooms	50	...	...
1 bedroom	825	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,255	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,765	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,880	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,780	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,445	...	...
5 rooms	1,415	...	...
6 rooms	1,255	...	...
7 rooms	1,065	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,600	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,780	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,585	...	...
More than one person per room	185	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,780	...	...
Suitable	8,375	...	...
Not suitable	400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,780	...	...
1960 or before	575	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,110	...	...
1981 to 1990	815	...	...
1991 to 2000	990	...	...
2001 to 2005	615	...	...
2006 to 2010	850	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,095	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,780	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	8,120	...	...
Major repairs needed	660	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,780	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,775	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,530	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	475	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,780	...	...
15 to 24 years	630	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,265	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,025	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,540	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,285	...	...
65 to 74 years	635	...	...
75 to 84 years	290	...	...
85 years and over	105	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,760	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,320	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,440	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,310	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,780	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,325	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,290	...	...
Not suitable only	350	...	...
Major repairs needed only	505	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,450	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,635	...	...
In core need	525	...	...
Not in core need	8,105	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,065	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	76.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	365,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,710	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,239	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	21,170	10,890	10,285
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,190	580	615
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,130	565	570
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	790	390	400
Métis single ancestry	300	155	140
Inuit single ancestry	45	15	25
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55	10	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	10	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,775	890	880
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,720	870	850
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,105	600	510
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	585	260	325
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	25	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	25	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	18,205	9,420	8,790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	21,170	10,890	10,285
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	18,985	9,725	9,260
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,105	2,655	2,455
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,880	7,075	6,805
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,185	1,165	1,025
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	21,170	10,890	10,285
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	17,825	9,185	8,635
Immigrants⁸¹	2,630	1,280	1,355
Before 1980	270	120	145
1980 to 1990	85	35	50
1991 to 2000	200	95	105
2001 to 2010	540	245	290
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,535	780	755
2011 to 2015	680	295	380
2016 to 2021	855	480	375
Non-permanent residents⁸³	715	420	295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,630	1,280	1,350
Under 5 years	185	70	120
5 to 14 years	460	240	220
15 to 24 years	480	245	235
25 to 44 years	1,330	640	695
45 years and over	175	90	85
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,630	1,280	1,350
Americas	365	170	200
Brazil	15	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	80	35	40
Mexico	50	10	40
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	185	90	100
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0
Europe	470	235	230
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	155	60	90
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	15	15	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	15	0	0
Russian Federation	55	20	35
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0
Ukraine	15	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	65	35
Other places of birth in Europe	75	45	30
Africa	165	80	85
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	15	0
Morocco	25	15	15
Nigeria	100	45	60
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0
Asia	1,595	775	825
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	15	10	10
China⁹⁰	50	30	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10
Korea, South⁹²	60	25	30
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	835	365	470
Viet Nam	15	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	405	230	170
Pakistan	75	40	35
Sri Lanka	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	95	45	50
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	35	20	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	855	485	375
Americas	125	65	55
Brazil	15	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	40	30	15
Mexico	20	0	20
United States of America	35	20	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0
Europe	50	40	10
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	10	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	20	10
Africa	30	10	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	30	10	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	640	345	290
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	240	155	85
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	335	175	165
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0
Australia	10	10	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	21,175	10,885	10,285
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,460	1,770	1,685
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,830	1,390	1,435
Third generation or more¹⁰²	14,890	7,725	7,160
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,365	1,160	1,205
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,650	825	825
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	790	450	345
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	855	370	485
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	625	280	350
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	45	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	10	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,365	1,160	1,205
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	30	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	565	225	345
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	70	35	35
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	295	200	95
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,385	665	725
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	21,175	10,885	10,285
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,430	1,700	1,730
South Asian	1,120	650	470
Chinese	160	95	65
Black	435	200	235
Filipino	1,120	465	650
Arab	40	10	30
Latin American	85	35	50
Southeast Asian	105	35	70
West Asian	10	10	0
Korean	125	60	60
Japanese	40	25	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	35	35
Multiple visible minorities	120	75	50
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	17,740	9,190	8,550
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	21,170	10,890	10,280
Canadian	3,535	1,935	1,600
English	3,920	1,835	2,090
Irish	3,270	1,540	1,735
Scottish	3,880	1,885	1,995
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,050	1,000	1,050
German	3,625	1,835	1,785
Chinese	305	190	110
Italian	460	235	220
Indian (India)	665	400	265
Ukrainian	1,155	585	570
Dutch	775	440	340
Polish	485	235	250
Québécois	20	10	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	590	325	270
Filipino	1,005	435	575
French Canadian	170	90	85
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	685	335	350
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	860	430	430
Métis	995	455	545
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	540	285	255
Russian	655	360	295
Norwegian	1,005	485	515
Welsh	445	210	235
Portuguese	45	15	35
American	395	205	185
Spanish	185	85	100
Swedish	460	215	250
Hungarian	130	80	50
Acadian	0	0	0
Pakistani	85	50	35
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	150	85	65
Jewish	40	15	25
Punjabi	155	80	75
Vietnamese	30	20	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	40	40	0
Jamaican	125	75	55
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	225	110	115
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	510	260	245
Korean	105	60	45
Romanian	140	75	70
Lebanese	15	0	0
Iranian	10	10	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	55	35	20
Danish	240	95	145
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	265	125	135
Sikh	105	80	25
Austrian	175	130	40
Belgian	60	30	30
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	70	30	40
Mexican	120	55	65
Mennonite	165	90	75
Swiss	210	100	110
Finnish	120	35	85
Sri Lankan	15	0	10
Croatian	50	30	20
Japanese	95	60	35
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	10	20
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	200	95	105
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	30	15	15
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	155	105	45
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	40	15	30
Czech	95	60	35
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	15	10
Serbian	15	10	0
Ojibway	35	25	10
Newfoundlander	60	30	30
Hong Konger	10	0	0
Ontarian	25	20	10
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	10
Turkish	40	25	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	10	20
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	50	25	25
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	35	20	15
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	0	35
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	0	15
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0	15
Algonquin	15	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	30	0
Lithuanian	15	0	10
South African	10	0	0
Australian	40	15	25
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	15	10	0
Ethiopian	15	15	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	10	10
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	45	20	25
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	0	15
New Brunswicker	10	0	10
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	15	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	15	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	15	0	15
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	40	15	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	50	20	25
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	10
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	0	15
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	20	20
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	170	95	75
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	30	15	15
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	10	20
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	35	15	15
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	50	35	15
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	15	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	20	10	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	15	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	21,175	10,885	10,285
Buddhist	50	25	25
Christian	7,685	3,585	4,100
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,670	1,270	1,400
Anabaptist	155	80	75
Anglican	400	170	230
Baptist	220	95	125
Catholic	2,400	1,175	1,230
Christian Orthodox	60	35	25
Jehovah's Witness	195	80	115
Latter Day Saints	65	30	35
Lutheran	235	105	130
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45	20	25
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	370	165	210
Presbyterian	95	15	75
Reformed	15	10	0
United Church	285	125	160
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	475	210	265
Hindu	290	145	150
Jewish	20	0	20
Muslim	250	130	120
Sikh	490	280	210
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	60	35	25
Other religions and spiritual traditions	165	55	105
No religion and secular perspectives	12,170	6,635	5,540
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	20,785	10,640	10,145
Non-movers	16,745	8,600	8,145
Movers	4,040	2,040	2,000
Non-migrants	2,710	1,345	1,360
Migrants	1,335	695	640
Internal migrants	1,185	630	550
Intraprovincial migrants	785	435	350
Interprovincial migrants	400	195	205
External migrants	150	65	85
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	19,510	10,050	9,465
Non-movers	9,100	4,715	4,385
Movers	10,410	5,335	5,080
Non-migrants	4,640	2,415	2,220
Migrants	5,770	2,920	2,850
Internal migrants	4,815	2,410	2,405
Intraprovincial migrants	3,305	1,630	1,670
Interprovincial migrants	1,510	780	735
External migrants	955	510	450
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,600	8,505	8,090
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,450	1,895	1,555
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,145	6,610	6,530
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,160	6,235	5,925
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,825	1,045	780
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,335	5,195	5,135
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,600	8,505	8,090
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,075	1,675	1,405
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,650	2,765	2,885
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,865	4,065	3,800
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,100	2,895	2,200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,030	1,635	395
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	690	460	230
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,340	1,175	170
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,615	1,105	1,515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	455	165	290
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,765	1,165	1,600
Bachelor's degree	2,020	830	1,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	225	115	110
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	35	30
Master's degree	400	165	235
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	30	25
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,155	6,240	5,920
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,555	890	665
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,930	1,940	1,990
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,670	3,400	3,270
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,115	2,335	1,775
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,675	1,350	325
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	565	380	185
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,115	970	140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,100	865	1,230
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	335	115	220
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,555	1,065	1,490
Bachelor's degree	1,890	765	1,125
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	190	95	90
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	15	25
Master's degree	375	155	225
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	25	30
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,595	8,505	8,095
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,730	4,440	4,290
Education	525	70	445
13. Education	525	70	445
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	120	55	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	95	35	60
Humanities	305	155	145
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	60	20	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100	55	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	55	20
54. History	25	15	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	615	205	410
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	20	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	140	10	130
22. Legal professions and studies	65	0	55
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15
42. Psychology	115	25	95
45. Social sciences	230	145	90
Business, management and public administration	1,575	550	1,025
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	160	25	135
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,415	530	885
Physical and life sciences and technologies	250	130	120
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	95	35	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	25	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	95	60	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	200	95	100
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	165	85	80
25. Library science	20	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,505	2,235	265
04. Architecture and related services	30	0	25
14. Engineering	285	225	60
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	645	580	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	655	645	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	660	580	75
48. Precision production	235	205	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	300	160	145
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	90	40	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	215	120	90
Health and related fields	995	175	820
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	35	35
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	890	125	765
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	475	225	255
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	295	65	230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	60	40	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	125	115	0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,155	6,235	5,920
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,490	2,830	2,655
Education	455	60	390
13. Education	455	60	390
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	90	45	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	80	35	45
Humanities	235	110	125
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	50	10	40
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	20	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	50	20
54. History	25	15	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	525	160	365
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	120	10	115
22. Legal professions and studies	55	0	55
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15
42. Psychology	80	0	80
45. Social sciences	220	140	80
Business, management and public administration	1,295	430	865
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	110	15	95
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,180	410	770
Physical and life sciences and technologies	235	120	115
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	35	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	30	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	85	55	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	190	95	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	155	85	70
25. Library science	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,125	1,885	235
04. Architecture and related services	30	0	25
14. Engineering	265	215	55
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	525	475	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	555	545	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540	475	70
48. Precision production	205	175	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	260	140	120
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	70	30	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	190	115	80
Health and related fields	845	160	690
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	50	30	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	770	120	650
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	410	190	220
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250	55	195
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	55	35	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	105	100	10
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	12,155	6,235	5,920
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,490	2,830	2,655
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,670	3,405	3,265
Location of study inside Canada	5,365	2,840	2,525
Same as province or territory of residence	3,570	1,940	1,630
Different than province or territory of residence	1,800	905	890
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,305	560	740
Americas	195	70	130
United States of America	130	50	75
Mexico	25	0	20
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	0	10
Brazil	30	15	15
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	130	75	55
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	30	20	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	15	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	20	15
Africa	90	40	55
Nigeria	65	25	40
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	25	10	15
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	865	360	500
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	45	15	30
Philippines	490	185	305
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	260	130	135
Pakistan	15	0	15
Other locations of study in Asia	15	15	0
Oceania	25	15	10
Australia	15	15	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,600	8,505	8,090
In the labour force	12,600	6,935	5,665
Employed	11,480	6,320	5,155
Unemployed	1,125	610	510
Not in the labour force	3,995	1,570	2,430
Participation rate	75.9	81.5	70.0
Employment rate	69.2	74.3	63.7
Unemployment rate	8.9	8.8	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,595	8,505	8,095
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,135	1,630	2,500
Worked	12,465	6,870	5,590
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,575	3,875	2,700
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,890	2,995	2,895
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.6	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,600	6,940	5,665
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	110	105
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	12,390	6,830	5,560
Employee	11,200	6,125	5,070
Permanent position	9,755	5,375	4,385
Temporary position	1,440	755	690
Fixed term (1 year or more)	540	295	245
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	905	460	445
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,195	700	485
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,600	6,940	5,665
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	110	105
All occupations¹⁹¹	12,390	6,830	5,560
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	50	25	25
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,745	345	1,395
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	970	735	235
3 Health occupations	595	95	500
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,260	385	875
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	190	75	120
6 Sales and service occupations	3,435	1,390	2,050
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,900	2,655	240
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	675	620	55
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	575	510	65
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,600	6,940	5,665
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	110	105
All industries¹⁹¹	12,390	6,830	5,560
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	135	95	40
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,350	1,135	220
22 Utilities	220	165	60
23 Construction	1,580	1,300	280
31-33 Manufacturing	500	385	115
41 Wholesale trade	360	225	130
44-45 Retail trade	1,505	755	755
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	570	420	145
51 Information and cultural industries	90	50	40
52 Finance and insurance	225	50	175
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	260	150	105
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	710	370	335
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	440	190	245
61 Educational services	805	200	610
62 Health care and social assistance	1,010	130	885
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	145	55	95
72 Accommodation and food services	1,135	475	660
81 Other services (except public administration)	585	340	240
91 Public administration	745	335	415
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	13,380	7,315	6,065
English	13,180	7,190	5,985
French	10	0	10
Non-official language	15	15	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	15	0
English and French	40	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	135	85	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	13,380	7,315	6,065
Single responses	13,360	7,295	6,065
Official languages	13,320	7,280	6,045
English	13,305	7,275	6,025
French	15	0	15
Non-official languages	35	15	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	15	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	15	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	20	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	20	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	13,380	7,315	6,065
None	13,220	7,220	6,000
English	20	10	15
French	30	20	15
Non-official language	90	65	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	90	65	25
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,480	6,325	5,150
Worked at home	1,035	370	665
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	2,315	1,815	495
Usual place of work	8,120	4,130	3,990
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,120	4,130	3,990
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,410	3,010	3,395
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,180	835	350
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	515	275	235
Commute to a different province or territory	15	15	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,435	5,950	4,485
Car, truck or van	9,730	5,655	4,075
Car, truck or van - as a driver	8,920	5,265	3,655
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	810	390	420
Public transit	65	25	50
Walked	485	200	285
Bicycle	50	30	15
Other method	110	45	65
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,435	5,950	4,485
Less than 15 minutes	6,995	3,550	3,445
15 to 29 minutes	2,015	1,270	745
30 to 44 minutes	585	415	170
45 to 59 minutes	200	160	35
60 minutes and over	650	555	90
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,435	5,950	4,485
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	790	570	220
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,190	1,580	610
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,940	1,780	1,160
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,155	825	1,335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	890	325	565
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,465	870	595
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,405	2,805	2,600
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	340	150	185
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,065	2,650	2,415
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,635	1,910	1,725
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	240	110	135
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	125	60	70
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	115	50	70
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,395	1,805	1,590

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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