Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Yellowknife, City (CY)More information: Northwest Territories [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	20,340^E	...	...
Population, 2016¹	19,569	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.9^E	...	...
Total private dwellings²	7,975	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,519	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	196.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	103.37	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	20,340	10,160	10,185
0 to 14 years	4,120	2,080	2,040
0 to 4 years	1,360	695	670
5 to 9 years	1,420	715	700
10 to 14 years	1,340	670	670
15 to 64 years	14,630	7,290	7,335
15 to 19 years	1,195	585	610
20 to 24 years	1,310	705	610
25 to 29 years	1,630	840	795
30 to 34 years	1,855	890	960
35 to 39 years	1,745	845	905
40 to 44 years	1,670	790	880
45 to 49 years	1,410	705	705
50 to 54 years	1,325	665	655
55 to 59 years	1,385	685	700
60 to 64 years	1,115	590	525
65 years and over	1,590	785	805
65 to 69 years	725	370	355
70 to 74 years	425	235	195
75 to 79 years	235	110	130
80 to 84 years	95	40	55
85 years and over	105	35	70
85 to 89 years	30	15	20
90 to 94 years	70	20	45
95 to 99 years	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.3	20.5	20.0
15 to 64 years	71.9	71.8	72.0
65 years and over	7.8	7.7	7.9
85 years and over	0.5	0.3	0.7
Average age of the population	35.5	35.4	35.7
Median age of the population	35.2	34.8	35.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,515	...	...
Single-detached house	3,335	...	...
Semi-detached house	195	...	...
Row house	890	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	310	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,940	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	300	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	545	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,520	...	...
1 person	1,785	...	...
2 persons	2,305	...	...
3 persons	1,360	...	...
4 persons	1,310	...	...
5 or more persons	755	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,905	9,885	10,020
Average household size	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,220	8,075	8,140
Married or living common-law	9,170	4,575	4,595
Married	6,550	3,290	3,260
Living common-law	2,620	1,285	1,335
Living common law - Never married	2,130	1,035	1,095
Living common law - Separated	75	40	35
Living common law - Divorced	390	200	190
Living common law - Widowed	25	10	15
Not married and not living common-law	7,045	3,500	3,545
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,460	2,915	2,550
Not married and not living common law - Separated	370	160	210
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	805	330	475
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	410	95	315
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,435	...	...
2 persons	2,480	...	...
3 persons	1,230	...	...
4 persons	1,215	...	...
5 or more persons	520	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,430	...	...
Total couple families	4,430	...	...
Married couples	3,120	...	...
With children⁶	1,955	...	...
Without children	1,165	...	...
Common-law couples	1,310	...	...
With children⁶	590	...	...
Without children	720	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,005	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	760	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	245	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,905	9,885	10,020
Total - Persons in census families	16,260	7,945	8,310
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,855	4,385	4,475
Parents in one-parent families	1,005	245	760
Children⁶	6,395	3,315	3,085
In a two-parent family	4,780	2,495	2,280
In a one-parent family	1,620	820	800
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,650	1,945	1,705
Living alone	1,785	890	895
Living with other relatives⁷	510	235	270
Living with non-relatives only	1,360	820	540
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,520	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,590	...	...
Couple-family households	3,845	...	...
With children⁶	2,270	...	...
Without children	1,575	...	...
One-parent-family households	740	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	210	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	380	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	500	...	...
One-person households	1,785	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,790	7,810	7,980
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,690	7,770	7,925
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	72,000	76,500	67,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,690	7,770	7,925
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,000	65,500	59,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,365	7,170	7,195
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,000	79,000	68,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,480	6,785	6,695
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,500	79,000	69,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,645	7,745	7,905
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	1,500	1,220	2,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,210	560	655
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,600	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,505	1,710	1,795
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,795	7,810	7,980
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,680	7,750	7,930
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,300	84,900	73,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,680	7,750	7,930
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,700	69,300	62,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,335	7,095	7,235
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,600	86,600	72,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,480	6,735	6,740
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	78,000	83,900	72,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,640	7,730	7,910
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610	5,640	7,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,200	505	700
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,380	5,960	8,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,650	1,820	1,830
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,710	8,660	8,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,790	7,810	7,980
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,080	4,190	3,890
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	99,000	103,000	94,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	101,700	105,200	98,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,970	1,885	2,085
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	35,600	27,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,600	48,560	39,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	91.6	93.4	89.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	84.6	85.8	83.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.3	6.6	10.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.5	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.8	2.5	3.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.6	2.4	2.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,790	7,810	7,980
Without total income	100	45	60
With total income	15,690	7,765	7,925
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,435	685	750
$10,000 to $19,999	855	390	460
$20,000 to $29,999	1,195	565	625
$30,000 to $39,999	1,110	470	635
$40,000 to $49,999	1,085	505	575
$50,000 to $59,999	1,020	460	560
$60,000 to $69,999	940	450	485
$70,000 to $79,999	1,040	510	535
$80,000 to $89,999	940	410	530
$90,000 to $99,999	945	475	475
$100,000 and over	5,135	2,850	2,285
$100,000 to $149,999	3,680	1,920	1,760
$150,000 and over	1,455	930	525
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,790	7,810	7,980
Without after-tax income	100	45	55
With after-tax income	15,695	7,765	7,925
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,470	705	770
$10,000 to $19,999	885	410	475
$20,000 to $29,999	1,295	610	690
$30,000 to $39,999	1,330	580	750
$40,000 to $49,999	1,270	595	675
$50,000 to $59,999	1,320	655	670
$60,000 to $69,999	1,285	600	690
$70,000 to $79,999	1,230	570	660
$80,000 to $89,999	1,215	580	630
$90,000 to $99,999	1,185	640	550
$100,000 and over	3,200	1,835	1,370
$100,000 to $124,999	1,980	1,050	935
$125,000 and over	1,225	785	440
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,790	7,810	7,980
Without employment income	2,310	1,025	1,285
With employment income	13,480	6,785	6,695
Under $5,000 (including loss)	960	455	505
$5,000 to $9,999	665	310	355
$10,000 to $19,999	910	410	505
$20,000 to $29,999	840	360	480
$30,000 to $39,999	770	410	360
$40,000 to $49,999	725	360	370
$50,000 to $59,999	805	405	400
$60,000 to $69,999	800	385	415
$70,000 to $79,999	795	345	450
$80,000 to $89,999	880	390	490
$90,000 to $99,999	830	425	400
$100,000 and over	4,500	2,540	1,960
$100,000 to $124,999	2,085	1,085	1,000
$125,000 and over	2,415	1,455	960
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,790	7,810	7,980
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,075	7,460	7,615
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,500	77,000	64,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,075	7,460	7,615
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,200	65,500	56,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,230	7,105	7,125
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,500	78,000	63,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,440	6,755	6,685
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,500	77,500	64,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,670	6,680	6,985
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,000	1,000	1,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,115	475	645
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	6,320	8,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,795	7,810	7,980
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,080	7,440	7,640
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,100	85,200	71,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,080	7,440	7,640
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,600	69,400	60,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,220	7,045	7,180
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,200	86,300	70,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,450	6,715	6,740
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	76,000	82,800	69,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,690	6,625	7,060
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,736	3,848	5,570
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,085	460	625
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,240	7,840	10,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,790	7,810	7,980
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,000	4,115	3,885
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	94,000	100,000	89,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	96,000	101,600	90,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,840	1,855	1,985
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800	40,800	28,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	49,720	55,550	44,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.4	96.0	92.8
Employment income (%)	86.8	87.8	85.6
Government transfers (%)	5.5	4.0	7.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,520	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,785	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,735	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	176,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,520	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	165,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,785	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	92,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,735	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	188,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,520	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	30	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	65	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	100	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	110	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	95	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	120	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	105	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	250	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	240	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	285	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	300	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	305	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,430	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	905	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	830	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,360	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,340	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,520	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	35	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	70	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	105	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	120	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	115	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	130	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	125	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	315	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	355	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	350	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	425	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	445	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,845	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,060	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	890	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,900	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,340	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,695	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	168,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,570	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	208,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	900	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,140	1,705	1,435
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	73,000	70,500	76,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,800	60,800	65,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,330	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	185,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	153,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,685	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	183,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	150,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,565	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	215,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	177,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	870	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,145	1,680	1,460
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	80,900	80,700	81,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,300	66,900	67,700
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,910	9,890	10,020
0 to 17 years	4,830	2,445	2,385
0 to 5 years	1,685	850	835
18 to 64 years	13,630	6,705	6,930
65 years and over	1,450	745	705
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	845	410	435
0 to 17 years	300	160	145
0 to 5 years	120	60	55
18 to 64 years	465	215	250
65 years and over	80	40	40
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.3	4.1	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3	6.4	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.9	7.2	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.6
65 years and over (%)	5.4	5.2	5.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	0	0	0
65 years and over	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	0	0	0
65 years and over	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,910	9,890	10,020
In bottom half of the distribution	4,395	2,175	2,220
In bottom decile	870	455	415
In second decile	885	405	480
In third decile	835	395	435
In fourth decile	865	435	425
In fifth decile	940	485	460
In top half of the distribution	15,515	7,710	7,805
In sixth decile	1,230	595	630
In seventh decile	1,625	810	810
In eighth decile	2,125	1,030	1,095
In ninth decile	3,700	1,855	1,845
In top decile	6,840	3,420	3,415
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,905	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.291	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.342	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	20,015	9,950	10,055
English only	16,485	8,365	8,115
French only	85	40	45
English and French	3,340	1,500	1,840
Neither English nor French	100	45	60
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	20,015	9,950	10,055
English	18,930	9,410	9,520
French	875	445	430
English and French	115	60	55
Neither English nor French	95	40	55
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	20,015	9,950	10,055
Single responses	19,205	9,575	9,625
Official languages	16,130	8,165	7,970
English	15,280	7,725	7,555
French	855	440	415
Non-official languages	3,070	1,410	1,660
Indigenous languages³⁹	445	140	305
Algonquian languages	20	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	15	5	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	330	105	220
Northern Athabaskan languages	330	105	220
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	65	25	35
Gwich'in	5	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	100	25	70
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	15	0	15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	50	15	40
Slavey, n.o.s.	30	10	20
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	160	50	110
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	100	25	70
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	30	5	25
Inuinnaqtun	15	0	10
Inuvialuktun	15	0	10
Inuktitut	70	15	50
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,625	1,275	1,350
Afro-Asiatic languages	240	150	95
Berber languages	10	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	10	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	50	25	20
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	50	25	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	180	115	70
Amharic	20	15	5
Arabic	115	75	45
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	50	25	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	65	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	150	65	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	835	350	490
Bikol	5	5	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	15
Cebuano	60	15	40
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10
Ilocano	60	25	35
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5
Pangasinan	5	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	650	280	370
Waray-Waray	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Creole languages	15	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	5	0	0
Morisyen	5	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	85	50	40
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	25	20
Tamil	20	10	10
Telugu	25	10	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	825	435	390
Albanian	5	0	0
Armenian	35	15	20
Balto-Slavic languages	110	55	55
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	110	55	55
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	10	5	0
Polish	15	5	10
Russian	30	10	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5
Bosnian	5	5	0
Croatian	5	5	0
Serbian	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	160	80	80
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	80	45	35
German	80	45	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	40
Afrikaans	20	10	15
Dutch	35	15	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	5
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	370	210	165
Indo-Aryan languages	355	205	155
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	65	30	30
Gujarati	25	15	10
Hindi	40	25	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	15	5	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135	85	50
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5
Urdu	65	35	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Iranian languages	15	5	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	5	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	60	70
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	25	15	5
Portuguese	5	0	5
Romanian	10	5	5
Spanish	85	35	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	50	20	35
Korean	30	10	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	115	60	60
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	10	5	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	40	15	25
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0
Swahili	10	5	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	110	115
Chinese languages	220	110	115
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	85	45	45
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	55	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	5
Hungarian	15	10	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	810	380	430
English and French	210	105	110
English and non-official language(s)	525	240	285
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	20,015	9,950	10,055
English	15,880	8,010	7,875
French	370	185	190
Non-official language	670	330	335
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	30
Non-Indigenous	630	320	310
English and French	685	325	365
English and non-official language(s)	2,205	1,010	1,195
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	60	55
Multiple non-official languages	75	30	45
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	20,015	9,950	10,055
Single responses	19,345	9,645	9,700
Official languages	17,860	8,920	8,940
English	17,360	8,675	8,685
French	505	245	255
Non-official languages	1,490	730	760
Indigenous languages³⁹	75	25	45
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	20	40
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	20	10	15
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	20	5	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	25	5	20
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,415	700	710
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	105	65
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	40	25	15
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	40	25	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	130	75	55
Amharic	10	5	10
Arabic	75	45	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	50	35	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	45	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	105	45	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	490	225	265
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Cebuano	30	10	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5
Ilocano	35	20	15
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	400	185	220
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	25	30
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	15	15
Tamil	10	5	5
Telugu	20	10	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	370	200	175
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	15	15
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	5
Russian	15	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5
German	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	5	10
Afrikaans	10	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	250	140	110
Indo-Aryan languages	235	135	95
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	50	25	25
Gujarati	15	10	10
Hindi	20	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	85	40
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	35	15	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	35	15	20
Korean	15	5	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	10	5	10
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	10	0
American Sign Language	10	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	60	65
Chinese languages	125	60	65
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	55	30	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	665	305	355
English and French	155	70	80
English and non-official language(s)	485	225	260
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	20,015	9,955	10,060
None	17,480	8,790	8,690
English	740	350	390
French	425	205	225
Non-official language	1,060	460	605
Indigenous³⁹	195	65	130
Non-Indigenous	860	390	470
English and French	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	120	65	60
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	55
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,905	9,890	10,020
Official languages	19,800	9,860	9,945
English	19,650	9,790	9,860
French	3,480	1,595	1,885
Non-official languages	4,500	2,060	2,440
Indigenous languages³⁹	630	205	430
Algonquian languages	50	15	30
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	30	10	25
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	30	10	25
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	0	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	0	20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	30	10	20
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	10	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	445	145	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	445	145	300
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	95	40	60
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	105	30	80
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	25	0	20
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	65	20	40
Slavey, n.o.s.	25	0	20
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	265	90	175
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	140	40	95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	0	25
Inuinnaqtun	20	0	20
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	110	40	70
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,875	1,860	2,015
Afro-Asiatic languages	455	280	180
Berber languages	45	30	10
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	45	30	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	65	55	15
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	65	55	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	375	210	160
Amharic	40	25	15
Arabic	245	155	85
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	95	45	50
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	105	135
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	230	105	130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,070	460	610
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	25
Cebuano	75	25	50
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	110	55	55
Indonesian	10	0	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,035	445	590
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25
Creole languages	60	30	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	25	10	10
Morisyen	10	0	10
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	110	50	60
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	80	40	35
Tamil	65	30	30
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,470	710	760
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	45	25	15
Balto-Slavic languages	185	85	100
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	175	85	100
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	10	10
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	10
Russian	90	40	45
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	0
Bosnian	10	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	15	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	340	170	175
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	195	105	90
German	195	105	90
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	55	90
Afrikaans	75	30	45
Dutch	70	20	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	20	10
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	20	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	490	250	240
Indo-Aryan languages	465	240	225
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	140	60	75
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	180	95	85
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	75	75
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0
Urdu	115	60	60
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	15	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	10	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	490	230	260
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	70	25	45
Portuguese	25	0	20
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	415	200	215
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	85	30	55
Korean	45	15	35
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	190	95	90
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	25	10	10
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	25	10	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	80	30	50
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	10
American Sign Language	25	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	230	120	110
Chinese languages	230	120	110
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	130	75	60
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	65	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	25	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0
Hungarian	25	25	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,910	9,890	10,020
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,810	2,210	2,605
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,640	2,115	2,525
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,905	1,240	1,660
Métis	1,050	545	505
Inuk (Inuit)	690	335	355
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	135	75	65
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	25	20
Non-Indigenous identity	15,095	7,680	7,420
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,910	9,890	10,020
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,860	1,245	1,615
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,045	8,640	8,410
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,520	...	...
Owner	4,275	...	...
Renter	3,240	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,520	...	...
Condominium	1,335	...	...
Not condominium	6,180	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,520	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...
1 bedroom	1,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,680	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,280	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,435	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,520	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,540	...	...
5 rooms	1,690	...	...
6 rooms	1,170	...	...
7 rooms	805	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,310	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,520	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,200	...	...
More than one person per room	315	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,520	...	...
Suitable	6,885	...	...
Not suitable	635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,520	...	...
1960 or before	270	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,045	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,835	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,415	...	...
2001 to 2005	595	...	...
2006 to 2010	315	...	...
2011 to 2015	585	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	455	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,520	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,725	...	...
Major repairs needed	795	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,520	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,310	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,650	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	555	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,520	...	...
15 to 24 years	275	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,505	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,790	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,540	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	720	...	...
75 to 84 years	200	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,515	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,335	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,185	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,065	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,520	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,340	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	970	...	...
Not suitable only	495	...	...
Major repairs needed only	620	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,175	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,395	...	...
In core need	765	...	...
Not in core need	6,630	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,280	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	73.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,358	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	494,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,240	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,804	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,910	9,890	10,020
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,930	1,295	1,635
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,765	1,220	1,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,160	920	1,240
Métis single ancestry	250	155	95
Inuit single ancestry	355	140	215
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	165	75	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65	25	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	75	45	30
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	25	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,030	950	1,075
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,855	845	1,010
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,220	550	670
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	430	205	230
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	205	95	110
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	175	105	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	35	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	50	25
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,950	7,645	7,305
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,910	9,890	10,020
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	18,390	9,120	9,270
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,640	2,310	2,330
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,750	6,810	6,945
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,515	770	745
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,910	9,890	10,020
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	16,300	8,100	8,205
Immigrants⁸¹	3,265	1,625	1,640
Before 1980	400	215	185
1980 to 1990	260	140	120
1991 to 2000	505	235	270
2001 to 2010	820	375	445
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,280	660	620
2011 to 2015	650	350	300
2016 to 2021	630	310	315
Non-permanent residents⁸³	345	165	175
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,260	1,620	1,640
Under 5 years	280	180	95
5 to 14 years	510	320	185
15 to 24 years	755	350	405
25 to 44 years	1,420	650	770
45 years and over	295	115	185
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,260	1,620	1,640
Americas	240	100	140
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	15	0	10
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	15	15
Mexico	15	0	15
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	110	50	65
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	20
Europe	545	300	240
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	30	10	15
Germany	95	50	45
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	15	15	0
Italy	25	15	10
Netherlands	30	15	15
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	25	15	10
Russian Federation	10	10	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	200	110	85
Other places of birth in Europe	90	50	40
Africa	635	365	270
Algeria	30	20	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	50	30	20
Ethiopia	40	20	15
Morocco	30	15	20
Nigeria	20	10	10
Somalia	65	55	10
South Africa, Republic of	75	50	25
Other places of birth in Africa	315	170	145
Asia	1,800	840	960
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	35	30	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	75	35	40
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	25	20
Korea, South⁹²	35	0	25
Taiwan	10	0	0
Philippines	965	430	535
Viet Nam	160	55	105
Bangladesh	65	30	35
India	200	120	75
Pakistan	60	30	30
Sri Lanka	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	125	50	75
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	15	30
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	625	310	315
Americas	15	10	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0
Europe	75	45	30
France	25	10	15
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	10
Africa	145	60	90
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	20	0	20
Ethiopia	20	0	15
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	20	15	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	30	10	25
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	20
Asia	385	195	190
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	0	10
China⁹⁰	15	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	65	40	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0
Philippines	230	100	130
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,905	9,890	10,020
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,770	1,885	1,885
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,835	1,375	1,460
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,305	6,630	6,675
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,865	1,410	1,455
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,485	765	720
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	675	360	320
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	810	405	405
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	935	360	580
Refugees¹⁰⁸	420	275	145
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	10	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,865	1,410	1,455
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	110	65	40
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	565	190	380
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	65	30
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	180	105	75
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,915	975	935
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,910	9,890	10,020
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,990	1,940	2,050
South Asian	615	310	305
Chinese	255	145	115
Black	875	460	415
Filipino	1,375	640	730
Arab	190	110	80
Latin American	90	30	65
Southeast Asian	270	110	165
West Asian	25	15	15
Korean	45	10	30
Japanese	85	40	45
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	15	15
Multiple visible minorities	125	55	70
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,920	7,945	7,970
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,910	9,890	10,020
Canadian	2,380	1,190	1,190
English	3,970	2,015	1,960
Irish	3,345	1,695	1,645
Scottish	3,495	1,660	1,840
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,050	1,115	930
German	1,775	915	860
Chinese	280	150	130
Italian	330	165	170
Indian (India)	330	165	165
Ukrainian	620	345	275
Dutch	630	345	280
Polish	400	175	220
Québécois	90	55	40
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	680	350	330
Filipino	1,275	585	690
French Canadian	240	90	150
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	625	310	315
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	710	325	385
Métis	865	445	420
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	380	175	205
Russian	155	70	80
Norwegian	430	235	190
Welsh	330	165	165
Portuguese	30	15	15
American	175	105	75
Spanish	125	60	65
Swedish	230	110	120
Hungarian	165	105	55
Acadian	190	95	95
Pakistani	85	45	40
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	285	140	145
Jewish	75	45	30
Punjabi	50	20	30
Vietnamese	230	100	135
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	80	50	25
Greek	45	15	30
Jamaican	35	15	25
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	130	60	70
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	400	185	215
Korean	45	15	35
Romanian	105	45	60
Lebanese	40	25	10
Iranian	15	10	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	70	30	35
Danish	200	95	100
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	345	140	205
Sikh	10	10	0
Austrian	120	60	60
Belgian	85	40	45
Haitian	25	10	15
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	25	10	10
Mennonite	80	40	40
Swiss	100	70	30
Finnish	70	50	15
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	15	15	0
Japanese	110	45	60
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	25	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165	75	90
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	165	85	80
Muslim	30	10	15
Egyptian	35	10	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	65	40	25
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	65	45	20
Czech	40	15	20
Syrian	10	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	25	20
Serbian	15	15	0
Ojibway	40	20	20
Newfoundlander	165	100	60
Hong Konger	30	10	20
Ontarian	90	55	35
Persian	15	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	565	270	295
Bangladeshi	70	25	40
Algerian	35	20	15
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	30	10	20
Armenian	45	25	15
Slovak	50	15	30
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	20	25
Somali	55	40	15
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	30	20	20
African Caribbean	30	15	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	15	20
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	20
Algonquin	20	10	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	0
South African	65	40	30
Australian	50	20	30
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	55	35	20
Nova Scotian	45	25	25
Ethiopian	50	35	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	20	10	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	15	15
New Brunswicker	60	25	25
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	30	15	20
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	35	20	10
Albertan	30	20	10
Ghanaian	10	10	0
Barbadian	10	0	10
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0
Tunisian	25	15	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	10	20
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	10	10
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	15
British Columbian	15	10	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	45	30	15
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	25	15	15
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	10	10	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	30	0	30
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	755	310	445
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	10
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	35	20	10
Sudanese	30	25	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	30	10	20
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	20	10	10
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	15
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	70	30	35
Nicaraguan	15	0	10
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	35	0	30
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	25	15	20
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	10
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	15
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	40	30	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	20	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	15	10	10
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,910	9,890	10,020
Buddhist	225	95	125
Christian	9,705	4,450	5,255
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,355	655	695
Anabaptist	15	0	15
Anglican	900	370	525
Baptist	265	140	130
Catholic	5,335	2,465	2,875
Christian Orthodox	130	35	100
Jehovah's Witness	45	25	20
Latter Day Saints	55	35	25
Lutheran	120	65	50
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	50	45
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	300	105	190
Presbyterian	55	20	30
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	590	260	330
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	425	225	205
Hindu	130	65	65
Jewish	35	20	15
Muslim	610	370	240
Sikh	105	55	50
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	100	60	40
Other religions and spiritual traditions	165	70	90
No religion and secular perspectives	8,840	4,700	4,140
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,620	9,760	9,855
Non-movers	16,270	8,125	8,145
Movers	3,355	1,640	1,710
Non-migrants	2,030	965	1,065
Migrants	1,320	675	645
Internal migrants	1,225	640	585
Intraprovincial migrants	200	90	115
Interprovincial migrants	1,025	555	470
External migrants	95	35	60
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,545	9,220	9,325
Non-movers	9,385	4,765	4,625
Movers	9,160	4,460	4,695
Non-migrants	4,805	2,285	2,520
Migrants	4,355	2,175	2,180
Internal migrants	3,685	1,860	1,820
Intraprovincial migrants	795	370	425
Interprovincial migrants	2,890	1,490	1,395
External migrants	670	315	360
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,790	7,810	7,980
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,560	1,375	1,180
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,230	6,430	6,795
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,920	5,850	6,070
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,360	745	615
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,560	5,105	5,450
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,795	7,810	7,980
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,240	1,170	1,070
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,265	2,250	2,010
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,290	4,390	4,900
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,205	2,290	1,910
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,040	815	225
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	420	260	160
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	620	560	65
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,635	1,245	1,385
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	530	230	305
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,085	2,100	2,985
Bachelor's degree	3,355	1,410	1,945
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	310	120	190
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	25	55
Master's degree	1,265	510	750
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	30	40
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,920	5,850	6,070
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,100	585	510
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,885	1,585	1,300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,935	3,680	4,260
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,530	1,925	1,605
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	850	660	190
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	330	200	135
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	520	465	50
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,240	1,070	1,165
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	440	195	250
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,405	1,750	2,655
Bachelor's degree	2,850	1,150	1,700
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	280	100	175
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	20	50
Master's degree	1,145	445	700
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	30	25
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,790	7,815	7,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,500	3,425	3,080
Education	740	165	575
13. Education	740	165	575
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	285	115	175
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	15	15
50. Visual and performing arts	255	100	160
Humanities	345	170	180
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	20	30
23. English language and literature/letters	55	20	35
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	30	70
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	10
54. History	50	35	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,310	525	785
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	75	80
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	150	15	135
22. Legal professions and studies	180	85	90
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0	40
42. Psychology	210	55	155
45. Social sciences	540	295	250
Business, management and public administration	1,815	575	1,235
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	210	35	170
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,605	540	1,065
Physical and life sciences and technologies	475	200	280
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	80	150
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	20	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15
40. Physical sciences	165	90	75
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	210	120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	260	175	90
25. Library science	40	10	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	30	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,740	1,485	255
04. Architecture and related services	120	60	60
14. Engineering	450	355	100
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	355	300	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	300	285	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	400	380	20
48. Precision production	110	110	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	350	210	140
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80	50	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	270	165	100
Health and related fields	1,235	260	975
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155	85	65
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,050	160	890
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	655	475	185
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	255	130	130
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	150	110	40
49. Transportation and materials moving	235	220	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,920	5,850	6,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,985	2,170	1,810
Education	615	135	480
13. Education	615	135	480
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	245	90	155
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	15	15
50. Visual and performing arts	215	75	140
Humanities	280	140	140
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	20	20
23. English language and literature/letters	40	10	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	25	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	10
54. History	50	35	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,105	430	675
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	55	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135	15	120
22. Legal professions and studies	165	70	95
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0	35
42. Psychology	170	40	135
45. Social sciences	450	240	210
Business, management and public administration	1,575	470	1,100
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	35	150
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,385	440	950
Physical and life sciences and technologies	405	165	240
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195	65	130
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	20	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	140	80	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	285	180	105
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	225	150	75
25. Library science	40	10	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,480	1,255	230
04. Architecture and related services	80	30	50
14. Engineering	400	305	100
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	330	280	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	240	225	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	350	325	25
48. Precision production	80	80	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	320	180	135
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	75	40	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	145	100
Health and related fields	1,075	230	845
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	130	65	65
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	915	150	765
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	555	405	150
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	200	100	100
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	140	105	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	200	185	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,920	5,850	6,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,985	2,170	1,810
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,940	3,680	4,260
Location of study inside Canada	6,615	3,090	3,525
Same as province or territory of residence	930	365	565
Different than province or territory of residence	5,685	2,725	2,960
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,325	585	735
Americas	140	75	70
United States of America	105	55	50
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	285	125	160
Belgium	0	0	0
France	50	15	30
Germany	20	10	10
Netherlands	25	15	15
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	0	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	65	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10
Africa	180	100	85
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	35	25	10
Tunisia	10	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	0
Other locations of study in Africa	105	55	55
Asia	665	260	405
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0
Turkey	10	10	0
China⁹⁰	20	15	0
Taiwan	10	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	35	10	25
Philippines	410	135	265
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	90	50	40
Pakistan	25	15	10
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15
Oceania	50	30	20
Australia	40	20	20
New Zealand	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,795	7,810	7,980
In the labour force	12,475	6,405	6,070
Employed	11,755	5,990	5,765
Unemployed	720	410	305
Not in the labour force	3,320	1,410	1,905
Participation rate	79.0	82.0	76.1
Employment rate	74.4	76.7	72.2
Unemployment rate	5.8	6.4	5.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,790	7,815	7,980
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,365	1,475	1,885
Worked	12,425	6,330	6,095
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,205	4,285	3,920
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,225	2,045	2,175
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.8	43.8	43.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,475	6,400	6,075
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	70
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	12,335	6,335	5,995
Employee	11,370	5,805	5,570
Permanent position	9,350	4,845	4,505
Temporary position	2,025	960	1,065
Fixed term (1 year or more)	810	345	465
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,215	610	605
Self-employed¹⁹²	965	535	430
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,475	6,400	6,075
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	70
All occupations¹⁹¹	12,335	6,335	5,995
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	235	125	110
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,435	705	1,725
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,070	745	325
3 Health occupations	770	195	575
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,695	1,145	1,550
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	320	120	195
6 Sales and service occupations	2,485	1,205	1,275
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,940	1,765	170
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	265	225	35
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	130	105	30
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,475	6,400	6,075
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	70
All industries¹⁹¹	12,335	6,335	5,995
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	50	35	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	610	465	140
22 Utilities	70	65	10
23 Construction	565	505	60
31-33 Manufacturing	130	75	50
41 Wholesale trade	190	160	35
44-45 Retail trade	1,075	595	480
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	870	660	210
51 Information and cultural industries	270	160	110
52 Finance and insurance	215	75	145
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	110	55	55
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	695	405	295
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	455	305	155
61 Educational services	805	200	600
62 Health care and social assistance	1,290	265	1,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	185	95	95
72 Accommodation and food services	715	390	325
81 Other services (except public administration)	355	185	170
91 Public administration	3,675	1,650	2,025
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	13,370	6,790	6,580
English	12,640	6,475	6,175
French	85	45	45
Non-official language	45	15	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20
English and French	445	200	250
English and non-official language(s)	140	60	85
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	13,370	6,790	6,580
Single responses	13,255	6,735	6,520
Official languages	13,200	6,710	6,485
English	13,040	6,645	6,395
French	160	65	95
Non-official languages	60	25	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	25	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0
Chinese languages	10	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	110	50	55
English and French	90	45	45
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	13,370	6,790	6,580
None	12,875	6,580	6,295
English	90	30	60
French	295	140	155
Non-official language	100	40	60
Indigenous³⁹	50	15	40
Non-Indigenous	50	30	20
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,760	5,990	5,765
Worked at home	1,540	680	865
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	1,225	900	325
Usual place of work	8,980	4,405	4,580
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,980	4,400	4,580
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,430	4,050	4,380
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	225	170	55
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	60	25	30
Commute to a different province or territory	275	160	110
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,210	5,300	4,905
Car, truck or van	7,495	3,900	3,605
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,340	3,520	2,825
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,160	380	775
Public transit	135	70	60
Walked	1,800	825	975
Bicycle	200	130	70
Other method	585	375	205
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,210	5,300	4,905
Less than 15 minutes	7,360	3,775	3,585
15 to 29 minutes	2,180	1,125	1,050
30 to 44 minutes	265	125	145
45 to 59 minutes	160	110	50
60 minutes and over	245	170	75
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,210	5,300	4,905
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	315	225	90
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	990	680	310
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,195	1,690	1,505
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,820	1,710	2,110
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	925	390	530
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	965	610	355
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,915	2,490	2,430
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	810	395	415
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,105	2,095	2,010
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,455	1,750	1,705
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	565	275	285
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	395	195	195
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	165	80	90
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,895	1,475	1,420

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
^E
use with caution. Refer to the 2021 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 12, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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