Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Yellowknife, City (CY)More information: Northwest Territories [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	20,340^E
Population, 2016¹	19,569
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.9^E
Total private dwellings²	7,975
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,519
Population density per square kilometre	196.8
Land area in square kilometres	103.37
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	20,340
0 to 14 years	4,120
0 to 4 years	1,360
5 to 9 years	1,420
10 to 14 years	1,340
15 to 64 years	14,630
15 to 19 years	1,195
20 to 24 years	1,310
25 to 29 years	1,630
30 to 34 years	1,855
35 to 39 years	1,745
40 to 44 years	1,670
45 to 49 years	1,410
50 to 54 years	1,325
55 to 59 years	1,385
60 to 64 years	1,115
65 years and over	1,590
65 to 69 years	725
70 to 74 years	425
75 to 79 years	235
80 to 84 years	95
85 years and over	105
85 to 89 years	30
90 to 94 years	70
95 to 99 years	0
100 years and over	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.3
15 to 64 years	71.9
65 years and over	7.8
85 years and over	0.5
Average age of the population	35.5
Median age of the population	35.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,515
Single-detached house	3,335
Semi-detached house	195
Row house	890
Apartment or flat in a duplex	310
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,940
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	300
Other single-attached house	20
Movable dwelling⁴	545
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,520
1 person	1,785
2 persons	2,305
3 persons	1,360
4 persons	1,310
5 or more persons	755
Number of persons in private households	19,905
Average household size	2.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,220
Married or living common-law	9,170
Married	6,550
Living common-law	2,620
Living common law - Never married	2,130
Living common law - Separated	75
Living common law - Divorced	390
Living common law - Widowed	25
Not married and not living common-law	7,045
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,460
Not married and not living common law - Separated	370
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	805
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	410
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,435
2 persons	2,480
3 persons	1,230
4 persons	1,215
5 or more persons	520
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,430
Total couple families	4,430
Married couples	3,120
With children⁶	1,955
Without children	1,165
Common-law couples	1,310
With children⁶	590
Without children	720
Total one-parent families	1,005
in which the parent is a woman+	760
in which the parent is a man+	245
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,905
Total - Persons in census families	16,260
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,855
Parents in one-parent families	1,005
Children⁶	6,395
In a two-parent family	4,780
In a one-parent family	1,620
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,650
Living alone	1,785
Living with other relatives⁷	510
Living with non-relatives only	1,360
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,520
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,590
Couple-family households	3,845
With children⁶	2,270
Without children	1,575
One-parent-family households	740
Multigenerational households⁸	210
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	380
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	500
One-person households	1,785
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,690
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	72,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,690
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,365
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,480
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,645
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	1,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,210
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,505
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,680
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,700
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,335
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,480
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	78,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,640
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,200
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,380
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,650
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,710
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,790
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,080
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	99,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	101,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,970
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	91.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	84.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,790
Without total income	100
With total income	15,690
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,435
$10,000 to $19,999	855
$20,000 to $29,999	1,195
$30,000 to $39,999	1,110
$40,000 to $49,999	1,085
$50,000 to $59,999	1,020
$60,000 to $69,999	940
$70,000 to $79,999	1,040
$80,000 to $89,999	940
$90,000 to $99,999	945
$100,000 and over	5,135
$100,000 to $149,999	3,680
$150,000 and over	1,455
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,790
Without after-tax income	100
With after-tax income	15,695
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,470
$10,000 to $19,999	885
$20,000 to $29,999	1,295
$30,000 to $39,999	1,330
$40,000 to $49,999	1,270
$50,000 to $59,999	1,320
$60,000 to $69,999	1,285
$70,000 to $79,999	1,230
$80,000 to $89,999	1,215
$90,000 to $99,999	1,185
$100,000 and over	3,200
$100,000 to $124,999	1,980
$125,000 and over	1,225
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,790
Without employment income	2,310
With employment income	13,480
Under $5,000 (including loss)	960
$5,000 to $9,999	665
$10,000 to $19,999	910
$20,000 to $29,999	840
$30,000 to $39,999	770
$40,000 to $49,999	725
$50,000 to $59,999	805
$60,000 to $69,999	800
$70,000 to $79,999	795
$80,000 to $89,999	880
$90,000 to $99,999	830
$100,000 and over	4,500
$100,000 to $124,999	2,085
$125,000 and over	2,415
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,075
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,075
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,230
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,500
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,440
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,670
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,115
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,080
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,080
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,220
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,450
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	76,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,690
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,736
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,085
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,790
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,000
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	94,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	96,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,840
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	49,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	94.4
Employment income (%)	86.8
Government transfers (%)	5.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,520
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	148,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	126,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,785
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,735
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	176,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	149,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,520
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	165,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	137,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,785
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	92,200
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,735
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	188,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	156,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,520
Under $5,000	35
$5,000 to $9,999	20
$10,000 to $14,999	25
$15,000 to $19,999	30
$20,000 to $24,999	65
$25,000 to $29,999	100
$30,000 to $34,999	110
$35,000 to $39,999	95
$40,000 to $44,999	120
$45,000 to $49,999	105
$50,000 to $59,999	250
$60,000 to $69,999	240
$70,000 to $79,999	285
$80,000 to $89,999	300
$90,000 to $99,999	305
$100,000 and over	5,430
$100,000 to $124,999	905
$125,000 to $149,999	830
$150,000 to $199,999	1,360
$200,000 and over	2,340
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,520
Under $5,000	35
$5,000 to $9,999	25
$10,000 to $14,999	30
$15,000 to $19,999	35
$20,000 to $24,999	70
$25,000 to $29,999	105
$30,000 to $34,999	120
$35,000 to $39,999	115
$40,000 to $44,999	130
$45,000 to $49,999	125
$50,000 to $59,999	315
$60,000 to $69,999	355
$70,000 to $79,999	350
$80,000 to $89,999	425
$90,000 to $99,999	445
$100,000 and over	4,845
$100,000 to $124,999	1,060
$125,000 to $149,999	890
$150,000 and over	2,900
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,340
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	174,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,695
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	168,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,570
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	208,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	900
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,140
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	73,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,330
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	185,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	153,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,685
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	183,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	150,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,565
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	215,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	177,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	870
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,400
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,145
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	80,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,300
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,910
0 to 17 years	4,830
0 to 5 years	1,685
18 to 64 years	13,630
65 years and over	1,450
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	845
0 to 17 years	300
0 to 5 years	120
18 to 64 years	465
65 years and over	80
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	6.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4
65 years and over (%)	5.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0
0 to 17 years	0
0 to 5 years	0
18 to 64 years	0
65 years and over	0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0
0 to 17 years	0
0 to 5 years	0
18 to 64 years	0
65 years and over	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x
65 years and over (%)	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,910
In bottom half of the distribution	4,395
In bottom decile	870
In second decile	885
In third decile	835
In fourth decile	865
In fifth decile	940
In top half of the distribution	15,515
In sixth decile	1,230
In seventh decile	1,625
In eighth decile	2,125
In ninth decile	3,700
In top decile	6,840
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,905
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.291
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.342
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	20,015
English only	16,485
French only	85
English and French	3,340
Neither English nor French	100
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	20,015
English	18,930
French	875
English and French	115
Neither English nor French	95
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	20,015
Single responses	19,205
Official languages	16,130
English	15,280
French	855
Non-official languages	3,070
Indigenous languages³⁹	445
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	15
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	330
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	65
Gwich'in	5
Slavey-Hare languages	100
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	50
Slavey, n.o.s.	30
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	160
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	100
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	30
Inuinnaqtun	15
Inuvialuktun	15
Inuktitut	70
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,625
Afro-Asiatic languages	240
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	50
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	50
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	180
Amharic	20
Arabic	115
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	50
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	150
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	835
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	60
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	60
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	650
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	5
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	85
Kannada	0
Malayalam	45
Tamil	20
Telugu	25
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	825
Albanian	5
Armenian	35
Balto-Slavic languages	110
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	110
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	5
Macedonian	10
Polish	15
Russian	30
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	15
Bosnian	5
Croatian	5
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	160
Frisian	0
High German languages	80
German	80
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	370
Indo-Aryan languages	355
Assamese	0
Bengali	65
Gujarati	25
Hindi	40
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5
Urdu	65
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	15
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135
Catalan	0
Italian	25
Portuguese	5
Romanian	10
Spanish	85
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	50
Korean	30
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	115
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	40
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220
Chinese languages	220
Hakka	0
Mandarin	85
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	120
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	25
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	810
English and French	210
English and non-official language(s)	525
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	40
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	20,015
English	15,880
French	370
Non-official language	670
Indigenous³⁹	40
Non-Indigenous	630
English and French	685
English and non-official language(s)	2,205
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	115
Multiple non-official languages	75
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	20,015
Single responses	19,345
Official languages	17,860
English	17,360
French	505
Non-official languages	1,490
Indigenous languages³⁹	75
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	60
Northern Athabaskan languages	60
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	10
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	20
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	5
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	25
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,415
Afro-Asiatic languages	170
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	40
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	40
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	130
Amharic	10
Arabic	75
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	50
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	490
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	30
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	35
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	400
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	55
Kannada	0
Malayalam	25
Tamil	10
Telugu	20
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	370
Albanian	0
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	35
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	35
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	15
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	30
Frisian	0
High German languages	10
German	10
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	250
Indo-Aryan languages	235
Assamese	0
Bengali	50
Gujarati	15
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	25
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125
Chinese languages	125
Hakka	0
Mandarin	55
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	665
English and French	155
English and non-official language(s)	485
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	20,015
None	17,480
English	740
French	425
Non-official language	1,060
Indigenous³⁹	195
Non-Indigenous	860
English and French	20
English and non-official language(s)	120
French and non-official language(s)	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	100
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,905
Official languages	19,800
English	19,650
French	3,480
Non-official languages	4,500
Indigenous languages³⁹	630
Algonquian languages	50
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	30
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	30
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	30
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	445
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	95
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	105
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	25
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	65
Slavey, n.o.s.	25
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	265
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	140
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25
Inuinnaqtun	20
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	110
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,875
Afro-Asiatic languages	455
Berber languages	45
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	45
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	65
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	65
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	375
Amharic	40
Arabic	245
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	95
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	230
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,070
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35
Cebuano	75
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	110
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,035
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35
Creole languages	60
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	25
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	110
Kannada	0
Malayalam	80
Tamil	65
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,470
Albanian	0
Armenian	45
Balto-Slavic languages	185
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	175
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	20
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	15
Russian	90
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	15
Bosnian	10
Croatian	0
Serbian	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	340
Frisian	0
High German languages	195
German	195
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145
Afrikaans	75
Dutch	70
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	30
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	490
Indo-Aryan languages	465
Assamese	0
Bengali	140
Gujarati	0
Hindi	180
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	115
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	30
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	25
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	490
Catalan	0
Italian	70
Portuguese	25
Romanian	0
Spanish	415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	85
Korean	45
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	190
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	25
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	25
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	80
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	230
Chinese languages	230
Hakka	0
Mandarin	130
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	140
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	30
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,910
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,810
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,640
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,905
Métis	1,050
Inuk (Inuit)	690
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	135
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35
Non-Indigenous identity	15,095
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,910
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,860
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,045
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,520
Owner	4,275
Renter	3,240
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,520
Condominium	1,335
Not condominium	6,180
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,520
No bedrooms	80
1 bedroom	1,035
2 bedrooms	1,680
3 bedrooms	3,280
4 or more bedrooms	1,435
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,520
1 to 4 rooms	2,540
5 rooms	1,690
6 rooms	1,170
7 rooms	805
8 or more rooms	1,310
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,520
One person or fewer per room	7,200
More than one person per room	315
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,520
Suitable	6,885
Not suitable	635
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,520
1960 or before	270
1961 to 1980	2,045
1981 to 1990	1,835
1991 to 2000	1,415
2001 to 2005	595
2006 to 2010	315
2011 to 2015	585
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	455
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,520
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,725
Major repairs needed	795
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,520
One-maintainer household	3,310
Two-maintainer household	3,650
Three-or-more-maintainer household	555
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,520
15 to 24 years	275
25 to 34 years	1,505
35 to 44 years	1,790
45 to 54 years	1,540
55 to 64 years	1,480
65 to 74 years	720
75 to 84 years	200
85 years and over	10
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,515
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,335
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,185
30% to less than 100%	1,065
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,520
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,340
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	970
Not suitable only	495
Major repairs needed only	620
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	115
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15
Acceptable housing	5,175
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,395
In core need	765
Not in core need	6,630
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,280
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	73.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.8
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,360
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,358
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	494,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,240
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.5
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.6
% in core housing need⁶³	18.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,804
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,910
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,930
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,765
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,160
Métis single ancestry	250
Inuit single ancestry	355
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	165
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	75
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,030
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,855
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,220
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	430
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	205
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	175
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,950
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,910
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	18,390
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,640
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,750
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,515
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,910
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	16,300
Immigrants⁸¹	3,265
Before 1980	400
1980 to 1990	260
1991 to 2000	505
2001 to 2010	820
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,280
2011 to 2015	650
2016 to 2021	630
Non-permanent residents⁸³	345
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,260
Under 5 years	280
5 to 14 years	510
15 to 24 years	755
25 to 44 years	1,420
45 years and over	295
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,260
Americas	240
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
El Salvador	15
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	25
Mexico	15
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	110
Other places of birth in Americas	45
Europe	545
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10
Croatia	0
France	30
Germany	95
Greece	0
Hungary	15
Italy	25
Netherlands	30
Poland	0
Portugal	0
Romania	25
Russian Federation	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	200
Other places of birth in Europe	90
Africa	635
Algeria	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	50
Ethiopia	40
Morocco	30
Nigeria	20
Somalia	65
South Africa, Republic of	75
Other places of birth in Africa	315
Asia	1,800
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	15
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	35
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	75
Hong Kong⁹¹	45
Korea, South⁹²	35
Taiwan	10
Philippines	965
Viet Nam	160
Bangladesh	65
India	200
Pakistan	60
Sri Lanka	10
Other places of birth in Asia	125
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	625
Americas	15
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10
Europe	75
France	25
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10
Other places of birth in Europe	35
Africa	145
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	20
Ethiopia	20
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	20
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	30
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35
Asia	385
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	15
China⁹⁰	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	65
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	10
Philippines	230
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,905
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,770
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,835
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,305
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,865
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,485
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	675
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	810
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	935
Refugees¹⁰⁸	420
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,865
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	110
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	565
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	180
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,915
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,910
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,990
South Asian	615
Chinese	255
Black	875
Filipino	1,375
Arab	190
Latin American	90
Southeast Asian	270
West Asian	25
Korean	45
Japanese	85
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30
Multiple visible minorities	125
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,920
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,910
Canadian	2,380
English	3,970
Irish	3,345
Scottish	3,495
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,050
German	1,775
Chinese	280
Italian	330
Indian (India)	330
Ukrainian	620
Dutch	630
Polish	400
Québécois	90
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	680
Filipino	1,275
French Canadian	240
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	625
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	710
Métis	865
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	380
Russian	155
Norwegian	430
Welsh	330
Portuguese	30
American	175
Spanish	125
Swedish	230
Hungarian	165
Acadian	190
Pakistani	85
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	285
Jewish	75
Punjabi	50
Vietnamese	230
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	80
Greek	45
Jamaican	35
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	130
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	400
Korean	45
Romanian	105
Lebanese	40
Iranian	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	70
Danish	200
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	345
Sikh	10
Austrian	120
Belgian	85
Haitian	25
Hindu	0
Mexican	25
Mennonite	80
Swiss	100
Finnish	70
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	15
Japanese	110
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	165
Muslim	30
Egyptian	35
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10
Tamil	0
Icelandic	65
Colombian	0
Moroccan	65
Czech	40
Syrian	10
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40
Serbian	15
Ojibway	40
Newfoundlander	165
Hong Konger	30
Ontarian	90
Persian	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	565
Bangladeshi	70
Algerian	35
Brazilian	0
Nigerian	30
Armenian	45
Slovak	50
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50
Somali	55
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	30
African Caribbean	30
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35
Algonquin	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	10
South African	65
Australian	50
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	55
Nova Scotian	45
Ethiopian	50
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	20
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	0
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30
New Brunswicker	60
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	30
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0
Bulgarian	35
Albertan	30
Ghanaian	10
Barbadian	10
African American	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10
Tunisian	25
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	0
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	20
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	25
Northern Irish	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15
British Columbian	15
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	45
Argentinian	0
Estonian	25
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	10
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	30
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	755
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	35
Sudanese	30
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	30
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	20
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	70
Nicaraguan	15
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	35
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	25
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	15
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	40
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	20
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	15
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,910
Buddhist	225
Christian	9,705
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,355
Anabaptist	15
Anglican	900
Baptist	265
Catholic	5,335
Christian Orthodox	130
Jehovah's Witness	45
Latter Day Saints	55
Lutheran	120
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	300
Presbyterian	55
Reformed	0
United Church	590
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	425
Hindu	130
Jewish	35
Muslim	610
Sikh	105
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	100
Other religions and spiritual traditions	165
No religion and secular perspectives	8,840
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,620
Non-movers	16,270
Movers	3,355
Non-migrants	2,030
Migrants	1,320
Internal migrants	1,225
Intraprovincial migrants	200
Interprovincial migrants	1,025
External migrants	95
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,545
Non-movers	9,385
Movers	9,160
Non-migrants	4,805
Migrants	4,355
Internal migrants	3,685
Intraprovincial migrants	795
Interprovincial migrants	2,890
External migrants	670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,790
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,560
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,230
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,920
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,360
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,560
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,240
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,265
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,290
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,205
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,040
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	420
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	620
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,635
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	530
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,085
Bachelor's degree	3,355
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85
Master's degree	1,265
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,920
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,100
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,885
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,935
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,530
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	850
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	330
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	520
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,240
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	440
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,405
Bachelor's degree	2,850
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	280
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75
Master's degree	1,145
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,790
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,500
Education	740
13. Education	740
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	285
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30
50. Visual and performing arts	255
Humanities	345
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55
23. English language and literature/letters	55
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	45
54. History	50
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,310
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	150
22. Legal professions and studies	180
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40
42. Psychology	210
45. Social sciences	540
Business, management and public administration	1,815
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	210
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,605
Physical and life sciences and technologies	475
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20
40. Physical sciences	165
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	260
25. Library science	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,740
04. Architecture and related services	120
14. Engineering	450
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	355
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	300
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	400
48. Precision production	110
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	350
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	270
Health and related fields	1,235
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,050
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	655
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	255
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	150
49. Transportation and materials moving	235
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,920
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,985
Education	615
13. Education	615
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	245
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30
50. Visual and performing arts	215
Humanities	280
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40
23. English language and literature/letters	40
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	35
54. History	50
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,105
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135
22. Legal professions and studies	165
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40
42. Psychology	170
45. Social sciences	450
Business, management and public administration	1,575
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,385
Physical and life sciences and technologies	405
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	140
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	285
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	225
25. Library science	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,480
04. Architecture and related services	80
14. Engineering	400
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	330
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	240
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	350
48. Precision production	80
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	320
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	245
Health and related fields	1,075
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	130
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	915
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	555
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	200
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	140
49. Transportation and materials moving	200
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,920
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,940
Location of study inside Canada	6,615
Same as province or territory of residence	930
Different than province or territory of residence	5,685
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,325
Americas	140
United States of America	105
Mexico	0
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	15
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10
Europe	285
Belgium	0
France	50
Germany	20
Netherlands	25
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	10
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15
Africa	180
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	35
Tunisia	10
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	20
Other locations of study in Africa	105
Asia	665
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	15
Turkey	10
China⁹⁰	20
Taiwan	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	35
Philippines	410
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	10
Sri Lanka	0
India	90
Pakistan	25
Other locations of study in Asia	25
Oceania	50
Australia	40
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,795
In the labour force	12,475
Employed	11,755
Unemployed	720
Not in the labour force	3,320
Participation rate	79.0
Employment rate	74.4
Unemployment rate	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,790
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,365
Worked	12,425
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,205
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,225
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,475
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	12,335
Employee	11,370
Permanent position	9,350
Temporary position	2,025
Fixed term (1 year or more)	810
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,215
Self-employed¹⁹²	965
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,475
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140
All occupations¹⁹¹	12,335
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	235
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,435
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,070
3 Health occupations	770
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,695
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	320
6 Sales and service occupations	2,485
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,940
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	265
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	130
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,475
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140
All industries¹⁹¹	12,335
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	50
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	610
22 Utilities	70
23 Construction	565
31-33 Manufacturing	130
41 Wholesale trade	190
44-45 Retail trade	1,075
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	870
51 Information and cultural industries	270
52 Finance and insurance	215
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	110
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	695
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	455
61 Educational services	805
62 Health care and social assistance	1,290
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	185
72 Accommodation and food services	715
81 Other services (except public administration)	355
91 Public administration	3,675
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	13,370
English	12,640
French	85
Non-official language	45
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	35
English and French	445
English and non-official language(s)	140
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	13,370
Single responses	13,255
Official languages	13,200
English	13,040
French	160
Non-official languages	60
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10
Chinese languages	10
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	110
English and French	90
English and non-official language(s)	20
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	13,370
None	12,875
English	90
French	295
Non-official language	100
Indigenous³⁹	50
Non-Indigenous	50
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,760
Worked at home	1,540
Worked outside Canada	10
No fixed workplace address	1,225
Usual place of work	8,980
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,980
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	60
Commute to a different province or territory	275
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,210
Car, truck or van	7,495
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,340
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,160
Public transit	135
Walked	1,800
Bicycle	200
Other method	585
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,210
Less than 15 minutes	7,360
15 to 29 minutes	2,180
30 to 44 minutes	265
45 to 59 minutes	160
60 minutes and over	245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,210
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	990
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,195
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,820
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	925
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	965
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,915
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	810
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,105
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,455
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	565
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	395
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	165
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,895

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
^E
use with caution. Refer to the 2021 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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