Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cape BretonMore information: Nova Scotia [Economic region]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	132,019	...	...
Population, 2016¹	132,010	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	67,740	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	58,872	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	12.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10,357.09	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	132,020	63,655	68,360
0 to 14 years	17,490	8,900	8,590
0 to 4 years	5,085	2,590	2,500
5 to 9 years	5,915	2,955	2,960
10 to 14 years	6,495	3,355	3,135
15 to 64 years	79,185	38,415	40,775
15 to 19 years	6,685	3,460	3,225
20 to 24 years	6,910	3,635	3,275
25 to 29 years	7,055	3,600	3,455
30 to 34 years	6,600	3,245	3,355
35 to 39 years	6,410	3,015	3,395
40 to 44 years	6,760	3,110	3,645
45 to 49 years	7,505	3,545	3,965
50 to 54 years	8,555	4,100	4,450
55 to 59 years	10,820	4,990	5,835
60 to 64 years	11,880	5,710	6,175
65 years and over	35,340	16,345	18,995
65 to 69 years	11,370	5,595	5,770
70 to 74 years	9,625	4,695	4,925
75 to 79 years	6,345	2,875	3,465
80 to 84 years	4,190	1,825	2,360
85 years and over	3,815	1,345	2,470
85 to 89 years	2,435	935	1,500
90 to 94 years	1,015	320	695
95 to 99 years	320	85	235
100 years and over	45	10	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.2	14.0	12.6
15 to 64 years	60.0	60.3	59.6
65 years and over	26.8	25.7	27.8
85 years and over	2.9	2.1	3.6
Average age of the population	46.7	45.6	47.7
Median age of the population	50.4	49.2	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	58,870	...	...
Single-detached house	44,825	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,130	...	...
Row house	775	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,145	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,500	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	215	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,175	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	58,875	...	...
1 person	19,275	...	...
2 persons	22,145	...	...
3 persons	8,600	...	...
4 persons	5,660	...	...
5 or more persons	3,195	...	...
Number of persons in private households	129,720	62,690	67,030
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	114,525	54,755	59,775
Married or living common-law	59,010	29,470	29,540
Married	48,545	24,245	24,300
Living common-law	10,470	5,230	5,240
Living common law - Never married	7,375	3,665	3,705
Living common law - Separated	555	285	270
Living common law - Divorced	2,160	1,130	1,035
Living common law - Widowed	370	150	220
Not married and not living common-law	55,515	25,280	30,235
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,625	18,315	16,310
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,020	1,730	2,295
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,255	2,990	4,260
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,615	2,245	7,365
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,175	...	...
2 persons	23,030	...	...
3 persons	8,080	...	...
4 persons	4,870	...	...
5 or more persons	2,195	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,180	...	...
Total couple families	28,855	...	...
Married couples	23,620	...	...
With children⁶	9,395	...	...
Without children	14,225	...	...
Common-law couples	5,230	...	...
With children⁶	2,165	...	...
Without children	3,065	...	...
Total one-parent families	9,325	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	7,410	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,915	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	129,720	62,690	67,030
Total - Persons in census families	101,615	49,465	52,145
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,705	28,835	28,875
Parents in one-parent families	9,320	1,910	7,415
Children⁶	34,580	18,720	15,860
In a two-parent family	19,960	10,695	9,260
In a one-parent family	14,620	8,025	6,600
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	28,100	13,225	14,880
Living alone	19,275	8,695	10,580
Living with other relatives⁷	3,710	1,630	2,080
Living with non-relatives only	5,120	2,900	2,220
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	58,875	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,750	...	...
Couple-family households	26,495	...	...
With children⁶	10,570	...	...
Without children	15,925	...	...
One-parent-family households	7,255	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,600	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	160	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,670	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,420	...	...
One-person households	19,275	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	112,240	53,795	58,440
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	108,330	51,840	56,485
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,800	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	108,355	51,860	56,495
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	32,800	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,945	43,230	44,715
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,400	27,600	23,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,475	33,215	33,260
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,800	28,200	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,370	44,615	50,755
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,900	15,600	14,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,495	13,435	11,060
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	10,100	6,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,975	14,905	15,075
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	112,220	53,780	58,440
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	108,430	51,890	56,540
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,160	38,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	108,450	51,910	56,540
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,800	38,480	33,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,245	43,435	44,810
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,760	31,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,480	33,275	33,205
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,120	40,520	33,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,450	44,680	50,770
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,780	14,960	14,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,575	13,560	11,010
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,970	10,930	8,790
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,880	14,775	15,110
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,020	8,730	9,310
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	112,220	53,780	58,445
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,940	12,400	13,535
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	58,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,000	66,600	55,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,795	15,810	14,985
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	18,000	14,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,840	27,720	19,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	69.0	72.0	65.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.2	56.3	51.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	31.0	27.9	34.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.4	6.2	4.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.0	6.1	7.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.9	5.4	6.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	112,235	53,795	58,445
Without total income	3,910	1,955	1,955
With total income	108,325	51,840	56,490
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,860	4,005	4,860
$10,000 to $19,999	14,965	6,035	8,925
$20,000 to $29,999	22,725	10,355	12,370
$30,000 to $39,999	16,875	8,055	8,815
$40,000 to $49,999	13,650	6,280	7,370
$50,000 to $59,999	9,620	4,665	4,955
$60,000 to $69,999	6,395	3,490	2,910
$70,000 to $79,999	4,390	2,575	1,820
$80,000 to $89,999	3,260	1,730	1,525
$90,000 to $99,999	2,505	1,250	1,260
$100,000 and over	5,085	3,400	1,680
$100,000 to $149,999	3,780	2,375	1,405
$150,000 and over	1,305	1,020	280
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	112,235	53,795	58,445
Without after-tax income	3,880	1,935	1,950
With after-tax income	108,355	51,860	56,495
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,260	4,125	5,135
$10,000 to $19,999	15,810	6,455	9,350
$20,000 to $29,999	26,270	12,165	14,105
$30,000 to $39,999	19,980	9,635	10,350
$40,000 to $49,999	14,440	6,905	7,535
$50,000 to $59,999	8,910	4,785	4,125
$60,000 to $69,999	5,455	2,935	2,520
$70,000 to $79,999	3,555	1,765	1,795
$80,000 to $89,999	1,795	1,055	740
$90,000 to $99,999	970	625	345
$100,000 and over	1,910	1,405	500
$100,000 to $124,999	1,085	775	315
$125,000 and over	820	630	190
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	112,235	53,795	58,445
Without employment income	45,760	20,580	25,180
With employment income	66,480	33,210	33,265
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,795	4,700	5,090
$5,000 to $9,999	6,300	2,925	3,380
$10,000 to $19,999	11,395	5,715	5,680
$20,000 to $29,999	8,155	3,930	4,220
$30,000 to $39,999	6,660	3,150	3,510
$40,000 to $49,999	6,045	2,655	3,390
$50,000 to $59,999	4,310	2,225	2,090
$60,000 to $69,999	3,520	1,980	1,545
$70,000 to $79,999	2,600	1,480	1,115
$80,000 to $89,999	2,280	1,105	1,175
$90,000 to $99,999	1,970	940	1,025
$100,000 and over	3,445	2,410	1,030
$100,000 to $124,999	1,875	1,180	695
$125,000 and over	1,565	1,230	335
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	112,240	53,795	58,440
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	106,195	50,640	55,555
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,000	29,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	106,255	50,640	55,615
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,400	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,095	43,185	44,905
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,800	30,200	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,455	34,065	34,390
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,200	31,000	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,335	40,670	47,665
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,600	12,600	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	23,970	13,210	10,760
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400	10,800	7,850
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	112,220	53,780	58,440
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	106,455	50,800	55,655
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,760	35,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	106,490	50,805	55,690
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,200	37,800	30,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,345	43,320	45,020
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,760	42,120	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,590	34,110	34,485
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,920	42,920	33,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,345	40,680	47,665
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,940	12,310	11,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,905	13,135	10,770
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,250	11,110	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	112,220	53,780	58,445
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,825	12,325	13,505
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	55,600	45,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,550	63,750	51,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,300	15,110	14,190
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	22,600	17,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	35,120	23,300
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	75.4	78.4	72.0
Employment income (%)	60.5	62.9	57.6
Government transfers (%)	24.5	21.5	28.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.7	6.3	5.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	58,875	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,275	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	39,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	58,870	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,265	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	39,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	58,875	...	...
Under $5,000	560	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,510	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,320	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,835	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,230	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,065	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,780	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,250	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,590	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,205	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,610	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,110	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,210	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,710	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,665	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,700	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,130	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	58,875	...	...
Under $5,000	610	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	380	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,525	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,610	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,495	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,390	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,575	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,500	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,220	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,930	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,435	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,540	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,740	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,005	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,605	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,115	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,750	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,745	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	38,005	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,130	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,895	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,570	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,390	11,590	12,795
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	30,800	29,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,200	28,800	27,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,015	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,120	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,885	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,565	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,275	11,425	12,850
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,240	38,200	36,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,360	32,720	32,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	129,715	62,690	67,025
0 to 17 years	21,495	10,950	10,550
0 to 5 years	6,255	3,200	3,060
18 to 64 years	74,510	35,955	38,560
65 years and over	33,705	15,785	17,920
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	23,115	10,440	12,670
0 to 17 years	5,010	2,620	2,390
0 to 5 years	1,675	885	790
18 to 64 years	10,935	5,015	5,925
65 years and over	7,170	2,810	4,360
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.8	16.7	18.9
0 to 17 years (%)	23.3	23.9	22.7
0 to 5 years (%)	26.8	27.7	25.9
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	13.9	15.4
65 years and over (%)	21.3	17.8	24.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	123,105	59,490	63,615
0 to 17 years	19,120	9,730	9,390
0 to 5 years	5,520	2,805	2,715
18 to 64 years	70,720	34,165	36,550
65 years and over	33,265	15,595	17,670
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,600	2,885	2,720
0 to 17 years	800	420	385
0 to 5 years	235	130	105
18 to 64 years	4,385	2,295	2,090
65 years and over	415	170	245
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.9	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2	4.3	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.3	4.7	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.7	5.7
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	129,715	62,690	67,030
In bottom half of the distribution	84,775	40,155	44,620
In bottom decile	19,935	9,230	10,705
In second decile	19,470	9,010	10,460
In third decile	16,840	8,060	8,780
In fourth decile	15,150	7,260	7,885
In fifth decile	13,380	6,590	6,790
In top half of the distribution	44,945	22,535	22,410
In sixth decile	12,470	6,145	6,325
In seventh decile	11,290	5,625	5,665
In eighth decile	9,235	4,660	4,580
In ninth decile	7,440	3,785	3,655
In top decile	4,505	2,320	2,180
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	129,720	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.495	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	130,100	62,835	67,265
English only	119,815	58,285	61,530
French only	90	40	50
English and French	10,035	4,435	5,595
Neither English nor French	165	75	90
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	130,100	62,835	67,265
English	125,845	60,845	65,000
French	3,930	1,840	2,095
English and French	170	85	85
Neither English nor French	150	65	85
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	130,100	62,835	67,265
Single responses	128,025	61,840	66,185
Official languages	121,700	58,625	63,075
English	117,580	56,705	60,875
French	4,120	1,925	2,195
Non-official languages	6,325	3,210	3,110
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,780	1,325	1,455
Algonquian languages	2,770	1,320	1,450
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,765	1,315	1,450
Mi'kmaq	2,765	1,315	1,445
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	5	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,550	1,890	1,655
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	95	60
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	95	60
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	145	90	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	35	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	95	35	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	260	105	155
Bikol	5	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	240	100	140
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	470	305	170
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	430	285	145
Tamil	15	5	10
Telugu	25	10	20
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,945	1,040	905
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	145	55	90
Baltic languages	10	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5
Slavic languages	135	55	85
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	10
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	45	20	30
Russian	20	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	10
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0
Ukrainian	40	20	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	45	20	20
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	15
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Germanic languages	470	250	225
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	350	175	170
German	315	160	155
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	35	15	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	60	50
Afrikaans	10	0	5
Dutch	100	55	40
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	5
Danish	5	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	45	25	15
Indo-Iranian languages	1,065	610	455
Indo-Aryan languages	1,030	595	435
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	30	25	10
Gujarati	80	50	30
Hindi	165	105	55
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	675	365	305
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5
Urdu	65	35	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Iranian languages	30	20	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	20	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	80	95
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	55	35	20
Portuguese	25	10	10
Romanian	10	5	5
Spanish	90	35	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	15
Korean	60	30	35
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	5
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	450	230	220
Chinese languages	450	230	220
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	385	205	190
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	10	20
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5
Hungarian	20	5	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,075	995	1,080
English and French	715	310	400
English and non-official language(s)	1,290	650	640
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	130,100	62,835	67,265
English	118,840	57,370	61,470
French	1,700	790	915
Non-official language	1,970	1,005	970
Indigenous³⁹	1,060	515	545
Non-Indigenous	905	490	420
English and French	1,720	765	955
English and non-official language(s)	5,660	2,815	2,850
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	60	70
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	40
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	130,100	62,835	67,265
Single responses	128,720	62,150	66,570
Official languages	124,825	60,135	64,685
English	122,725	59,170	63,560
French	2,090	970	1,125
Non-official languages	3,900	2,020	1,880
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,940	945	995
Algonquian languages	1,940	945	990
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	1,940	945	990
Mi'kmaq	1,935	945	990
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,960	1,070	885
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	35
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75	40	35
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	75	40	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	35	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	80	35	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	130	60	70
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	60	70
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	295	190	105
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	275	185	90
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	10	5	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	970	515	455
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5
Russian	5	5	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	15	15
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	15
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	155	80	75
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	140	80	65
German	125	70	60
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	5	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	20	5	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	695	390	300
Indo-Aryan languages	670	380	290
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	15	5
Gujarati	30	15	15
Hindi	75	45	30
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	485	275	215
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5
Urdu	50	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	20	50
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5
Portuguese	15	10	5
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	45	15	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5
Korean	40	20	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	10
American Sign Language	20	15	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	325	175	150
Chinese languages	325	175	150
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	295	165	135
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,380	685	700
English and French	270	125	145
English and non-official language(s)	1,085	550	540
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	130,100	62,835	67,265
None	123,715	59,745	63,965
English	2,060	1,055	1,000
French	1,100	480	625
Non-official language	2,770	1,310	1,460
Indigenous³⁹	1,500	685	815
Non-Indigenous	1,270	620	645
English and French	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	180	100	80
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	195	110	90
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	129,715	62,690	67,025
Official languages	129,530	62,590	66,945
English	129,465	62,565	66,900
French	10,025	4,460	5,565
Non-official languages	10,155	5,045	5,105
Indigenous languages³⁹	4,660	2,185	2,475
Algonquian languages	4,650	2,175	2,470
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	4,635	2,175	2,460
Mi'kmaq	4,625	2,170	2,455
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	5,530	2,880	2,655
Afro-Asiatic languages	350	235	115
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	340	230	110
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	325	215	110
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	20	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	40	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	130	40	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	405	175	230
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	15
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	385	170	220
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Creole languages	10	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	640	395	250
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	565	355	210
Tamil	85	65	15
Telugu	65	35	30
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,280	1,735	1,555
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	220	85	135
Baltic languages	20	10	10
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	205	80	125
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	25	0	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	65	20	50
Russian	80	55	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	0	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	20	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	375	185	195
Irish	15	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	305	145	155
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35
Germanic languages	785	405	380
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	620	310	310
German	600	300	295
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	25	10	15
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	80	50
Afrikaans	25	10	10
Dutch	100	65	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	45	30	10
Danish	20	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	15	0
Swedish	15	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Greek	55	30	25
Indo-Iranian languages	1,485	855	630
Indo-Aryan languages	1,440	830	610
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	45	25	25
Gujarati	100	70	35
Hindi	1,020	595	415
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	840	480	360
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	100	45	60
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	30	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	55	25	30
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	45	15	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	495	240	255
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	155	80	75
Portuguese	45	15	25
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	325	150	170
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15
Korean	80	35	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	115	60	55
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	30	15	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	40	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	175	85	80
American Sign Language	145	65	80
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	550	285	270
Chinese languages	540	280	265
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	500	265	235
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,715	62,690	67,025
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	11,165	5,415	5,750
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,845	5,265	5,585
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,250	3,975	4,275
Métis	2,410	1,210	1,205
Inuk (Inuit)	185	80	105
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	40	25
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	250	110	140
Non-Indigenous identity	118,555	57,275	61,280
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,715	62,690	67,025
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	7,555	3,665	3,885
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	122,165	59,025	63,140
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	58,870	...	...
Owner	42,360	...	...
Renter	14,890	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,625	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	58,870	...	...
Condominium	775	...	...
Not condominium	58,100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	58,870	...	...
No bedrooms	175	...	...
1 bedroom	5,715	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,565	...	...
3 bedrooms	24,490	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,935	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	58,870	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,150	...	...
5 rooms	10,755	...	...
6 rooms	11,050	...	...
7 rooms	8,785	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,135	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	58,870	...	...
One person or fewer per room	58,450	...	...
More than one person per room	420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	58,870	...	...
Suitable	56,775	...	...
Not suitable	2,100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	58,870	...	...
1960 or before	20,000	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,810	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,265	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,880	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,065	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,105	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,930	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,820	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	58,870	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	53,115	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,755	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	58,870	...	...
One-maintainer household	33,930	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,965	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,975	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	58,870	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,175	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,695	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,200	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,920	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,210	...	...
65 to 74 years	13,300	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,090	...	...
85 years and over	2,280	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	56,600	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	48,255	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,345	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,655	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	58,870	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,655	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,085	...	...
Not suitable only	1,680	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,360	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,110	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	270	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...
Acceptable housing	44,220	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	55,915	...	...
In core need	4,800	...	...
Not in core need	51,110	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,920	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	44.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	855	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	166,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	193,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,725	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	23.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	811	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,620	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	208	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	277	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	129,720	62,690	67,030
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,220	3,485	3,730
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	7,160	3,475	3,685
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	6,650	3,220	3,425
Métis single ancestry	425	210	215
Inuit single ancestry	80	40	40
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	15	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	15	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,070	2,500	2,570
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,990	2,450	2,540
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,210	1,545	1,660
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,645	825	825
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	135	80	60
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	45	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	45	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	117,430	56,705	60,730
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	129,715	62,690	67,030
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	125,795	60,550	65,245
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,185	10,785	10,405
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	104,615	49,765	54,845
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,915	2,140	1,780
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	129,715	62,690	67,030
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	123,690	59,550	64,135
Immigrants⁸¹	3,485	1,685	1,800
Before 1980	1,345	615	725
1980 to 1990	220	95	125
1991 to 2000	265	120	145
2001 to 2010	570	270	305
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,090	580	505
2011 to 2015	380	170	205
2016 to 2021	705	410	300
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,545	1,460	1,090
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,485	1,685	1,800
Under 5 years	470	220	245
5 to 14 years	620	300	315
15 to 24 years	615	280	330
25 to 44 years	1,395	650	750
45 years and over	390	240	150
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,485	1,685	1,800
Americas	955	460	495
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	20	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	0
United States of America	800	375	425
Other places of birth in Americas	80	45	30
Europe	1,345	630	720
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	20	15	0
Germany	335	150	180
Greece	10	0	0
Hungary	15	10	0
Italy	40	30	15
Netherlands	90	65	30
Poland	45	20	25
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	10	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	595	245	350
Other places of birth in Europe	165	80	90
Africa	255	155	95
Algeria	10	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0
Egypt	35	30	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	25	10	10
Nigeria	65	25	40
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10
Other places of birth in Africa	70	55	15
Asia	900	420	480
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	40	25	20
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	10	15
Syria⁸⁹	55	25	25
Turkey	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	165	75	85
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25
Taiwan	10	0	10
Philippines	265	115	150
Viet Nam	35	15	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	120	55	65
Pakistan	45	25	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	35	40
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	710	410	300
Americas	65	45	20
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	35	25	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	165	100	60
France	0	0	0
Germany	90	50	40
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	10
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	30	10
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0
Africa	70	45	25
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	20	15	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	30	10	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	395	205	195
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	65	35	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	65	40	25
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	145	75	70
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	25
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0
Australia	10	10	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	129,715	62,690	67,025
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,655	3,430	3,230
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,140	2,980	3,165
Third generation or more¹⁰²	116,920	56,285	60,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,140	1,065	1,075
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,320	690	630
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	650	420	230
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	670	270	400
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	635	275	365
Refugees¹⁰⁸	185	100	80
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,140	1,065	1,075
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	20	20
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	505	290	210
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	55	45
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	160	85	70
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,320	610	710
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	129,715	62,690	67,025
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,520	2,900	2,620
South Asian	2,105	1,215	890
Chinese	720	370	355
Black	1,370	695	675
Filipino	460	190	270
Arab	315	195	120
Latin American	85	30	50
Southeast Asian	150	55	90
West Asian	80	40	35
Korean	80	30	45
Japanese	25	15	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	25	25
Multiple visible minorities	75	30	45
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	124,195	59,790	64,410
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	129,715	62,690	67,030
Canadian	19,050	9,155	9,895
English	24,900	11,825	13,070
Irish	28,770	13,545	15,225
Scottish	49,650	23,740	25,910
French, n.o.s.¹²²	18,955	8,980	9,980
German	4,325	2,020	2,305
Chinese	680	340	340
Italian	3,970	1,965	2,010
Indian (India)	1,370	750	620
Ukrainian	1,540	775	765
Dutch	1,705	820	885
Polish	2,555	1,355	1,200
Québécois	70	45	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,665	820	850
Filipino	395	160	230
French Canadian	530	235	305
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	6,090	2,860	3,220
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,225	1,080	1,145
Métis	2,205	1,095	1,110
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,275	1,640	1,630
Russian	325	150	175
Norwegian	505	205	305
Welsh	2,075	940	1,135
Portuguese	180	70	110
American	405	200	210
Spanish	375	175	200
Swedish	350	135	210
Hungarian	470	240	235
Acadian	7,185	3,365	3,820
Pakistani	80	40	45
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	405	235	170
Jewish	220	125	95
Punjabi	275	190	90
Vietnamese	100	30	65
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	70	45	25
Greek	305	155	150
Jamaican	65	50	20
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	320	190	130
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	170	65	105
Korean	85	35	50
Romanian	180	105	70
Lebanese	935	505	430
Iranian	45	15	25
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	375	160	210
Danish	265	90	170
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	835	385	450
Sikh	165	115	50
Austrian	255	145	110
Belgian	580	290	290
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	185	115	70
Mexican	30	10	20
Mennonite	65	25	35
Swiss	135	40	95
Finnish	90	30	55
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	60	20	40
Japanese	45	10	30
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	15	30
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	6,475	3,150	3,325
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	285	125	165
Muslim	20	20	0
Egyptian	70	50	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	30	10	20
Colombian	20	0	20
Moroccan	35	0	25
Czech	125	45	80
Syrian	245	150	95
Guyanese	45	10	35
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	175	90	85
Serbian	10	0	0
Ojibway	80	30	45
Newfoundlander	1,605	720	890
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	75	25	45
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	25	0	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	225	120	100
Bangladeshi	25	15	10
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	15	0	15
Nigerian	45	10	35
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	50	0	40
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	145	70	70
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	40	15	25
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	10	10	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	20	25
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	20	45
Algonquin	10	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	80	35	45
Lithuanian	180	90	85
South African	15	10	0
Australian	15	10	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	2,750	1,415	1,340
Ethiopian	15	15	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	55	35	25
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	70	30	45
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	15	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	60	70
New Brunswicker	30	10	25
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	215	90	125
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	30	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	105	30	75
Bulgarian	60	30	35
Albertan	65	35	25
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	120	50	70
African American	120	40	70
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	15	10
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	10	10
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	55	40	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	10	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	10
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	35	20	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	375	160	215
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	15	10	10
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	25	0	20
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	35	25
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	40	10	30
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	20	0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10
Saskatchewanian	10	10	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	0	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	15	10	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	20	0	10
Manitoban	10	10	0
Cape Bretoner	4,915	2,455	2,460
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	90	60	30
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	40	20	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	80	50	25
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	10	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	20	0	10
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	10
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	10	15
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	35	30	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	20	10	0
Basque	40	25	15
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	60	20	45
Maliseet	60	20	35
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	165	55	105
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	129,715	62,690	67,025
Buddhist	140	45	95
Christian	98,955	46,325	52,625
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,785	1,845	1,940
Anabaptist	10	10	0
Anglican	7,120	3,350	3,770
Baptist	1,300	555	740
Catholic	68,625	32,290	36,330
Christian Orthodox	200	95	105
Jehovah's Witness	390	170	220
Latter Day Saints	135	50	85
Lutheran	100	45	60
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	525	215	300
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	375	160	210
Presbyterian	3,465	1,545	1,925
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	8,830	3,955	4,870
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,090	2,030	2,065
Hindu	735	435	300
Jewish	115	50	65
Muslim	565	330	235
Sikh	580	320	260
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	425	210	210
Other religions and spiritual traditions	550	205	345
No religion and secular perspectives	27,655	14,765	12,885
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	128,785	62,200	66,585
Non-movers	117,730	56,765	60,970
Movers	11,050	5,435	5,620
Non-migrants	7,030	3,435	3,600
Migrants	4,020	2,000	2,020
Internal migrants	3,575	1,760	1,815
Intraprovincial migrants	1,625	730	885
Interprovincial migrants	1,955	1,030	925
External migrants	445	240	205
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	124,610	60,035	64,570
Non-movers	92,110	44,280	47,830
Movers	32,500	15,760	16,740
Non-migrants	18,790	8,725	10,060
Migrants	13,715	7,035	6,675
Internal migrants	10,690	5,380	5,310
Intraprovincial migrants	5,415	2,665	2,750
Interprovincial migrants	5,275	2,715	2,555
External migrants	3,025	1,655	1,370
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	112,220	53,780	58,445
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,275	13,515	11,760
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	86,940	40,260	46,680
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,030	30,790	34,245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,665	5,130	3,535
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	56,370	25,660	30,710
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	112,220	53,775	58,440
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,130	11,265	10,865
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,400	14,970	16,430
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,690	27,545	31,145
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,945	19,960	19,980
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,940	9,795	3,145
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,725	4,275	2,445
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,215	5,515	695
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,830	8,860	14,970
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,170	1,305	1,870
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,745	7,580	11,170
Bachelor's degree	12,895	5,075	7,820
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,770	840	935
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	535	290	240
Master's degree	3,225	1,195	2,030
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	315	180	130
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,035	30,790	34,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,315	4,170	3,150
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,505	8,455	9,045
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,215	18,165	22,045
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,670	13,215	13,450
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,225	6,220	2,010
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,235	2,695	1,545
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,990	3,525	465
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,535	6,170	10,370
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,905	825	1,080
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,545	4,955	8,590
Bachelor's degree	9,345	3,370	5,975
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,255	570	680
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	370	180	195
Master's degree	2,355	730	1,630
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	220	105	115
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	112,220	53,775	58,440
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	53,530	26,235	27,295
Education	5,105	1,380	3,725
13. Education	5,105	1,380	3,725
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	840	430	410
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	95	30
50. Visual and performing arts	710	330	375
Humanities	2,000	870	1,135
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	25	55
23. English language and literature/letters	370	130	240
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	765	310	455
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	20	45
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	50	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	130	70
54. History	375	185	190
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	25	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,955	1,255	3,700
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	30	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	420	180	245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,655	205	1,455
22. Legal professions and studies	750	225	525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	20	30
42. Psychology	955	190	760
45. Social sciences	1,005	405	605
Business, management and public administration	11,390	3,045	8,345
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,055	200	850
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,315	2,845	7,465
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,345	650	695
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	500	215	285
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	495	225	270
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	25
40. Physical sciences	225	160	70
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	35	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,380	810	565
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,240	750	490
25. Library science	55	10	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	45	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,845	14,050	795
04. Architecture and related services	80	50	30
14. Engineering	1,375	1,175	200
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,100	2,820	285
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	4,960	4,855	105
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,155	3,055	100
48. Precision production	2,175	2,095	80
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	820	445	375
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	410	170	240
03. Natural resources and conservation	410	275	135
Health and related fields	10,870	1,575	9,295
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	190	150
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,330	1,280	9,055
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	190	110	75
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,125	3,015	2,110
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,595	705	1,890
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	40	0
43. Security and protective services	685	565	120
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,800	1,705	95
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,030	30,795	34,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,820	12,625	12,195
Education	2,885	630	2,255
13. Education	2,885	630	2,255
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	645	350	290
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	70	10
50. Visual and performing arts	570	285	285
Humanities	1,255	465	790
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	10	40
23. English language and literature/letters	205	45	160
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	525	185	340
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	35	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	65	25
54. History	240	95	140
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	20	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,905	895	3,015
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	25	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	150	185
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,330	155	1,175
22. Legal professions and studies	605	155	445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	20
42. Psychology	765	130	635
45. Social sciences	760	265	495
Business, management and public administration	7,800	1,975	5,820
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	765	115	650
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,015	1,865	5,155
Physical and life sciences and technologies	870	410	460
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	360	165	200
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	130	180
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	20
40. Physical sciences	135	95	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,135	675	460
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,050	650	405
25. Library science	40	10	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	15	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,720	9,120	605
04. Architecture and related services	50	30	20
14. Engineering	995	835	160
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,900	1,690	215
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,290	3,215	70
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,130	2,055	75
48. Precision production	1,360	1,300	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	570	275	295
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	290	95	190
03. Natural resources and conservation	280	180	100
Health and related fields	7,525	1,095	6,425
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	250	135	115
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,150	905	6,235
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	50	60
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,905	2,275	1,635
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,935	510	1,425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	20	10
43. Security and protective services	560	450	115
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,375	1,290	85
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	65,030	30,795	34,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,820	12,625	12,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,215	18,170	22,045
Location of study inside Canada	38,220	17,195	21,020
Same as province or territory of residence	32,990	14,490	18,500
Different than province or territory of residence	5,230	2,700	2,525
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,995	975	1,020
Americas	505	205	300
United States of America	475	195	285
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	15
Europe	395	200	195
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	185	85	100
Netherlands	10	10	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	15	0	15
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	70	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	15
Africa	70	45	25
Nigeria	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0
Asia	990	510	475
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	105	50	50
Taiwan	10	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	10
Philippines	220	95	130
Viet Nam	20	0	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	525	310	215
Pakistan	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	15
Oceania	40	15	20
Australia	40	15	20
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	112,220	53,775	58,440
In the labour force	58,135	29,365	28,775
Employed	46,820	22,955	23,870
Unemployed	11,320	6,410	4,910
Not in the labour force	54,080	24,415	29,670
Participation rate	51.8	54.6	49.2
Employment rate	41.7	42.7	40.8
Unemployment rate	19.5	21.8	17.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	112,220	53,775	58,440
Did not work¹⁸⁶	52,860	24,145	28,720
Worked	59,355	29,635	29,725
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,715	12,840	13,880
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	32,635	16,795	15,845
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.2	36.0	38.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,140	29,360	28,775
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,210	1,225	985
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,930	28,135	27,790
Employee	51,265	25,120	26,140
Permanent position	35,935	16,865	19,075
Temporary position	15,325	8,260	7,070
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,350	995	1,350
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,975	7,260	5,715
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,665	3,015	1,650
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,140	29,360	28,775
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,210	1,225	985
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,930	28,135	27,790
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	315	180	130
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,320	1,915	5,410
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,070	1,695	380
3 Health occupations	6,540	1,090	5,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,465	2,295	5,165
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,040	385	650
6 Sales and service occupations	16,025	6,830	9,195
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,160	9,570	600
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,030	2,575	460
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,955	1,600	355
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,140	29,360	28,775
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,210	1,225	985
All industries¹⁹¹	55,930	28,135	27,790
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,975	2,385	595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	825	755	70
22 Utilities	550	505	45
23 Construction	4,465	4,060	405
31-33 Manufacturing	2,400	1,890	510
41 Wholesale trade	695	565	125
44-45 Retail trade	6,975	3,180	3,795
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,385	1,775	605
51 Information and cultural industries	505	290	215
52 Finance and insurance	980	275	705
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	500	325	180
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,030	1,130	900
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,195	1,885	1,310
61 Educational services	4,635	1,385	3,250
62 Health care and social assistance	10,350	1,880	8,470
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,350	710	635
72 Accommodation and food services	4,250	1,825	2,420
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,160	1,110	1,050
91 Public administration	4,700	2,210	2,490
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	64,470	32,320	32,155
English	60,505	30,570	29,940
French	535	245	290
Non-official language	345	185	160
Indigenous³⁹	305	160	140
Non-Indigenous	40	25	15
English and French	1,635	625	1,010
English and non-official language(s)	1,440	685	755
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	64,470	32,320	32,155
Single responses	63,985	32,140	31,845
Official languages	63,210	31,750	31,465
English	62,245	31,365	30,885
French	965	390	580
Non-official languages	775	390	385
Indigenous languages³⁹	655	330	320
Algonquian languages	650	335	320
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	650	335	320
Mi'kmaq	650	335	320
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	120	50	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	30	50
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	20	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	15	30
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	45	15	30
German	45	15	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	490	180	310
English and French	230	70	160
English and non-official language(s)	250	105	145
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	64,470	32,320	32,155
None	61,855	31,175	30,675
English	855	345	510
French	970	405	560
Non-official language	745	350	390
Indigenous³⁹	520	215	305
Non-Indigenous	220	135	85
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	35	30	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	46,825	22,955	23,870
Worked at home	5,785	2,370	3,415
Worked outside Canada	70	50	15
No fixed workplace address	7,105	5,275	1,835
Usual place of work	33,860	15,255	18,605
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,860	15,255	18,605
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,365	12,445	15,920
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,865	795	1,075
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,180	1,175	1,005
Commute to a different province or territory	1,450	850	600
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,970	20,530	20,440
Car, truck or van	37,660	18,755	18,900
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,295	17,305	16,990
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,360	1,450	1,910
Public transit	650	410	235
Walked	1,535	700	845
Bicycle	60	60	0
Other method	1,060	605	455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,970	20,530	20,440
Less than 15 minutes	19,535	9,050	10,485
15 to 29 minutes	13,100	6,540	6,560
30 to 44 minutes	5,340	2,975	2,365
45 to 59 minutes	1,495	890	605
60 minutes and over	1,490	1,070	420
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,970	20,530	20,440
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,330	1,655	675
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,255	4,175	3,080
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,175	5,570	5,605
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,225	4,070	6,150
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,090	1,750	2,340
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,890	3,300	2,590
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,975	11,230	10,745
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,850	885	965
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,125	10,340	9,785
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,460	8,425	8,030
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,415	675	750
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	975	450	525
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	445	220	225
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,040	7,760	7,280

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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