Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saguenay--Lac-Saint-JeanMore information: Quebec [Economic region]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	275,552	...	...
Population, 2016¹	276,368	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	138,331	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	126,404	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	95,542.70	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	275,550	138,290	137,260
0 to 14 years	42,430	21,730	20,700
0 to 4 years	12,695	6,540	6,150
5 to 9 years	14,635	7,525	7,110
10 to 14 years	15,105	7,665	7,440
15 to 64 years	164,635	84,010	80,625
15 to 19 years	13,390	6,765	6,625
20 to 24 years	12,835	6,755	6,080
25 to 29 years	14,150	7,320	6,830
30 to 34 years	14,835	7,605	7,230
35 to 39 years	16,425	8,515	7,910
40 to 44 years	17,295	9,010	8,285
45 to 49 years	14,395	7,405	6,995
50 to 54 years	14,625	7,360	7,265
55 to 59 years	21,415	10,675	10,740
60 to 64 years	25,270	12,600	12,670
65 years and over	68,485	32,550	35,935
65 to 69 years	22,270	11,355	10,910
70 to 74 years	17,825	8,915	8,905
75 to 79 years	12,645	6,020	6,620
80 to 84 years	8,110	3,510	4,600
85 years and over	7,640	2,750	4,890
85 to 89 years	4,760	1,870	2,895
90 to 94 years	2,305	700	1,600
95 to 99 years	525	175	355
100 years and over	50	5	45
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	15.7	15.1
15 to 64 years	59.7	60.7	58.7
65 years and over	24.9	23.5	26.2
85 years and over	2.8	2.0	3.6
Average age of the population	45.2	44.4	46.1
Median age of the population	47.2	46.0	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	126,405	...	...
Single-detached house	72,170	...	...
Semi-detached house	8,390	...	...
Row house	2,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	14,215	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	26,235	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,140	...	...
Other single-attached house	620	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,285	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	126,405	...	...
1 person	44,100	...	...
2 persons	49,450	...	...
3 persons	14,080	...	...
4 persons	12,575	...	...
5 or more persons	6,190	...	...
Number of persons in private households	268,765	135,765	133,005
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	233,125	116,560	116,560
Married or living common-law	140,420	70,040	70,380
Married	74,930	37,430	37,505
Living common-law	65,485	32,605	32,880
Living common law - Never married	52,055	25,930	26,125
Living common law - Separated	740	350	390
Living common law - Divorced	10,975	5,620	5,350
Living common law - Widowed	1,715	705	1,010
Not married and not living common-law	92,700	46,520	46,185
Not married and not living common law - Never married	60,410	34,395	26,015
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,925	1,480	1,445
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	14,880	6,880	8,000
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	14,485	3,765	10,720
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	79,595	...	...
2 persons	48,655	...	...
3 persons	13,375	...	...
4 persons	12,150	...	...
5 or more persons	5,420	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	79,600	...	...
Total couple families	69,240	...	...
Married couples	36,515	...	...
With children⁶	10,070	...	...
Without children	26,445	...	...
Common-law couples	32,730	...	...
With children⁶	16,690	...	...
Without children	16,040	...	...
Total one-parent families	10,360	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	7,125	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	3,235	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	268,765	135,765	133,005
Total - Persons in census families	214,670	107,315	107,355
Married spouses or common-law partners	138,480	69,075	69,405
Parents in one-parent families	10,360	3,230	7,125
Children⁶	65,835	35,010	30,820
In a two-parent family	50,010	26,310	23,700
In a one-parent family	15,825	8,695	7,125
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	54,095	28,450	25,650
Living alone	44,100	22,965	21,140
Living with other relatives⁷	4,260	2,020	2,240
Living with non-relatives only	5,735	3,460	2,270
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	126,405	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	76,450	...	...
Couple-family households	66,985	...	...
With children⁶	25,900	...	...
Without children	41,090	...	...
One-parent-family households	9,460	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	785	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	215	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,620	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,230	...	...
One-person households	44,100	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	226,445	114,120	112,330
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	222,490	112,430	110,060
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	222,535	112,450	110,085
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,600	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	197,040	103,340	93,700
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,400	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	154,730	84,905	69,825
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	187,965	90,465	97,505
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,200	11,700	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,555	20,255	15,300
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,960	5,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,095	29,240	26,860
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	226,500	114,155	112,345
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	222,360	112,370	109,985
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,560	55,200	39,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	222,415	112,405	110,015
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,760	45,200	34,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	196,920	103,270	93,650
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	49,400	33,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	154,810	85,195	69,615
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,720	48,040	36,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	187,745	90,075	97,675
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,700	12,240	13,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,490	20,180	15,315
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,030	7,050	7,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,775	29,085	26,690
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,170	6,800	7,570
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	226,500	114,155	112,345
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	71,530	40,165	31,365
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	62,800	47,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,650	70,600	54,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	62,140	31,520	30,620
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	25,600	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,840	34,400	23,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	82.2	70.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.5	66.0	57.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.6	17.8	29.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.3	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.8	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.2	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	226,445	114,115	112,325
Without total income	3,955	1,685	2,265
With total income	222,495	112,430	110,060
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,565	5,020	9,550
$10,000 to $19,999	28,965	10,265	18,700
$20,000 to $29,999	36,700	15,460	21,245
$30,000 to $39,999	29,625	13,250	16,370
$40,000 to $49,999	29,420	15,170	14,250
$50,000 to $59,999	24,535	14,170	10,365
$60,000 to $69,999	17,035	10,875	6,155
$70,000 to $79,999	11,530	7,585	3,945
$80,000 to $89,999	8,815	5,265	3,550
$90,000 to $99,999	5,615	3,540	2,075
$100,000 and over	15,690	11,830	3,855
$100,000 to $149,999	12,190	9,265	2,925
$150,000 and over	3,500	2,570	930
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	226,445	114,115	112,325
Without after-tax income	3,910	1,670	2,245
With after-tax income	222,535	112,450	110,085
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,010	5,305	10,705
$10,000 to $19,999	30,195	10,905	19,290
$20,000 to $29,999	43,060	18,270	24,785
$30,000 to $39,999	37,675	18,425	19,250
$40,000 to $49,999	34,815	19,900	14,910
$50,000 to $59,999	23,360	14,905	8,455
$60,000 to $69,999	14,370	8,715	5,655
$70,000 to $79,999	8,795	5,495	3,300
$80,000 to $89,999	5,685	4,105	1,580
$90,000 to $99,999	3,335	2,575	760
$100,000 and over	5,225	3,835	1,395
$100,000 to $124,999	3,110	2,340	765
$125,000 and over	2,120	1,495	630
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	226,445	114,115	112,325
Without employment income	71,715	29,210	42,500
With employment income	154,735	84,910	69,830
Under $5,000 (including loss)	21,605	12,695	8,910
$5,000 to $9,999	11,670	4,975	6,700
$10,000 to $19,999	19,275	8,165	11,115
$20,000 to $29,999	16,985	7,615	9,365
$30,000 to $39,999	16,770	8,255	8,510
$40,000 to $49,999	16,010	8,365	7,645
$50,000 to $59,999	12,510	7,570	4,940
$60,000 to $69,999	10,005	6,595	3,405
$70,000 to $79,999	7,320	4,870	2,450
$80,000 to $89,999	6,725	3,770	2,960
$90,000 to $99,999	3,875	2,655	1,225
$100,000 and over	11,985	9,380	2,605
$100,000 to $124,999	6,760	5,335	1,430
$125,000 and over	5,225	4,045	1,180
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	226,445	114,120	112,330
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	219,795	111,105	108,685
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,800	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	220,100	111,115	108,985
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,400	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	194,675	102,365	92,315
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,000	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	156,485	85,505	70,980
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,000	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	173,685	82,825	90,860
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,900	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	35,420	20,545	14,875
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,040	5,200	4,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	226,500	114,155	112,345
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	219,680	110,980	108,700
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	54,050	37,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	220,015	110,985	109,030
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,920	44,040	31,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	194,490	102,220	92,270
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,280	50,720	32,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	156,380	85,655	70,720
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760	48,880	35,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	173,590	82,580	91,010
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,330	9,860	10,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,145	20,325	14,825
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,660	6,340	7,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	226,500	114,155	112,345
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	71,320	40,065	31,260
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	60,800	44,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,850	68,500	51,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	59,120	30,135	28,980
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	30,400	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,600	39,200	25,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.2	86.4	75.6
Employment income (%)	66.8	69.8	62.2
Government transfers (%)	17.9	13.6	24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.2	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	126,400	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	44,100	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	82,300	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	126,400	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	44,100	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	82,300	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	126,400	...	...
Under $5,000	665	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	700	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,915	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,945	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,650	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,895	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	6,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	6,185	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5,895	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10,900	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10,145	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	8,155	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	7,005	...	...
$100,000 and over	38,270	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	13,865	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	9,185	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	9,665	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,555	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	126,400	...	...
Under $5,000	795	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	730	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,975	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,095	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	9,145	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,230	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	8,110	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,590	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	6,555	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	12,740	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	11,440	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	9,915	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	8,820	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	7,260	...	...
$100,000 and over	26,120	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	12,300	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,055	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,770	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	80,130	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	41,320	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	26,865	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10,145	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	49,835	26,430	23,405
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	40,800	30,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	36,000	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	80,005	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	41,190	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,960	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,045	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	49,870	26,190	23,675
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,080	46,880	36,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,880	39,080	32,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	268,770	135,760	133,005
0 to 17 years	50,340	25,770	24,570
0 to 5 years	15,565	8,015	7,545
18 to 64 years	155,470	79,085	76,385
65 years and over	62,960	30,910	32,055
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	31,890	14,460	17,430
0 to 17 years	3,820	1,975	1,855
0 to 5 years	1,240	635	600
18 to 64 years	14,115	6,935	7,180
65 years and over	13,955	5,555	8,400
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.9	10.7	13.1
0 to 17 years (%)	7.6	7.7	7.5
0 to 5 years (%)	7.9	8.0	7.9
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.8	9.4
65 years and over (%)	22.2	18.0	26.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	266,775	134,760	132,010
0 to 17 years	49,920	25,555	24,370
0 to 5 years	15,440	7,955	7,490
18 to 64 years	154,255	78,480	75,775
65 years and over	62,590	30,730	31,865
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,105	4,230	3,880
0 to 17 years	815	425	385
0 to 5 years	250	125	125
18 to 64 years	6,420	3,470	2,945
65 years and over	875	325	545
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.1	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	1.6	1.7	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.4	3.9
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.1	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	268,765	135,760	133,005
In bottom half of the distribution	155,155	76,455	78,700
In bottom decile	25,650	11,640	14,010
In second decile	30,670	14,705	15,960
In third decile	31,380	15,590	15,790
In fourth decile	34,880	17,740	17,140
In fifth decile	32,575	16,775	15,805
In top half of the distribution	113,615	59,310	54,305
In sixth decile	30,625	15,995	14,635
In seventh decile	28,515	14,705	13,815
In eighth decile	24,375	12,670	11,710
In ninth decile	18,620	9,880	8,745
In top decile	11,475	6,070	5,405
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	268,765	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.421	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.250	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	272,915	136,995	135,920
English only	420	210	210
French only	215,780	103,545	112,240
English and French	56,525	33,120	23,400
Neither English nor French	190	115	75
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	272,915	136,995	135,920
English	1,900	1,000	905
French	270,345	135,630	134,720
English and French	505	270	235
Neither English nor French	160	95	65
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	272,915	136,995	135,920
Single responses	271,425	136,210	135,210
Official languages	269,085	134,975	134,110
English	1,740	915	820
French	267,345	134,060	133,285
Non-official languages	2,335	1,230	1,105
Indigenous languages³⁹	400	190	205
Algonquian languages	390	190	205
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	390	185	200
Atikamekw	230	120	115
Cree languages	15	5	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	5	5
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	5
Innu (Montagnais)	140	65	70
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,940	1,040	895
Afro-Asiatic languages	415	260	150
Berber languages	35	15	15
Kabyle	30	15	15
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	5	5	5
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	5	5	5
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	370	240	135
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	365	240	130
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0
Vietnamese	25	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	35	45
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	50	25	25
Merina	45	25	20
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	50	25	25
Haitian Creole	30	15	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Dravidian languages	10	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,035	525	505
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	45	50
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	100	45	50
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	25	10	15
Russian	30	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	5
Serbian	20	5	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	85	35	45
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	60	25	35
German	55	25	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	15	5	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	85	45	35
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	70	40	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	70	40	35
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	60	30	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	755	390	365
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	65	30	35
Portuguese	110	50	65
Romanian	20	10	10
Spanish	555	295	260
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	140	80	60
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	15	10	5
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	15	10	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	0
Lingala	10	10	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	10	5	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	5
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0
Wojenaka	5	0	0
Wolof	30	15	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	20	5	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	45	40
Chinese languages	85	45	40
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	35	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	15
Lao	10	0	5
Thai	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0
Hungarian	15	5	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,495	785	710
English and French	1,015	525	490
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	15
French and non-official language(s)	380	210	170
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	272,915	136,995	135,920
English	810	435	375
French	265,060	132,545	132,515
Non-official language	555	310	240
Indigenous³⁹	120	60	60
Non-Indigenous	435	255	180
English and French	4,525	2,665	1,860
English and non-official language(s)	100	55	45
French and non-official language(s)	1,355	710	645
English, French and non-official language(s)	490	270	230
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	272,915	136,995	135,920
Single responses	271,745	136,365	135,380
Official languages	270,740	135,805	134,930
English	1,270	690	580
French	269,465	135,115	134,350
Non-official languages	1,010	560	450
Indigenous languages³⁹	200	90	105
Algonquian languages	195	90	105
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	195	90	105
Atikamekw	140	70	75
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	55	20	30
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	810	470	340
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	90	60
Berber languages	10	5	5
Kabyle	10	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	135	80	50
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	135	80	50
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	15	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5
Merina	15	10	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	495	285	210
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	20	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5
Russian	10	10	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	10	5	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5
German	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	30	30
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	25	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	25	25
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	370	225	145
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	65	30	35
Romanian	5	0	5
Spanish	300	185	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	5
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	20	20
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	20	5	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	20
Chinese languages	50	30	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	25	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5
Lao	0	5	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,170	630	540
English and French	740	410	325
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	15
French and non-official language(s)	355	185	170
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	272,910	136,995	135,920
None	267,480	133,855	133,630
English	3,505	2,100	1,405
French	720	390	325
Non-official language	770	410	360
Indigenous³⁹	110	60	50
Non-Indigenous	660	345	310
English and French	55	30	30
English and non-official language(s)	275	150	125
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	25
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	268,770	135,735	133,035
Official languages	268,605	135,650	132,960
English	56,605	33,285	23,320
French	268,165	135,405	132,755
Non-official languages	7,585	3,665	3,920
Indigenous languages³⁹	665	315	350
Algonquian languages	605	280	330
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	605	275	330
Atikamekw	340	165	175
Cree languages	20	0	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	10	10
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	0	10
Innu (Montagnais)	270	110	155
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	45	20	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	45	20	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,945	3,365	3,580
Afro-Asiatic languages	620	385	235
Berber languages	75	45	25
Kabyle	50	35	20
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0
Chadic languages	10	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	10	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	595	370	225
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	585	365	220
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	45	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	60	40	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145	70	80
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	35	15	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	55	35	20
Merina	40	25	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	20	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Creole languages	225	125	100
Haitian Creole	125	45	75
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	15	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	85	65	20
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,245	2,430	2,815
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	120	105
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	225	120	105
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	85	35	50
Russian	105	70	35
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	25	10	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	20	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	400	210	190
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	355	185	170
German	340	180	160
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	35	20	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	10
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages	65	35	30
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	20	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	20	30
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,635	2,115	2,520
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	270	150	120
Portuguese	235	135	95
Romanian	25	10	15
Spanish	4,280	1,935	2,345
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	115	70	45
Korean	15	0	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	410	220	190
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	35	20	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	25	10
Lingala	40	20	20
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	35	25	10
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	35	25	10
Wojenaka	45	30	15
Wolof	80	40	35
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	50	70
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	145	75	80
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	105	45	60
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	50	60
Chinese languages	110	50	55
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	95	45	50
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	30
Lao	20	0	15
Thai	30	10	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	10
Azerbaijani	20	10	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	20	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	20	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	268,765	135,735	133,035
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	13,615	6,920	6,695
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	12,855	6,565	6,285
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,885	3,370	3,515
Métis	5,790	3,100	2,690
Inuk (Inuit)	185	100	90
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	200	100	100
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	560	255	310
Non-Indigenous identity	255,150	128,815	126,335
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	268,765	135,735	133,035
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,805	2,855	2,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	262,965	132,880	130,085
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	126,405	...	...
Owner	85,685	...	...
Renter	40,645	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	126,405	...	...
Condominium	10,330	...	...
Not condominium	116,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	126,405	...	...
No bedrooms	300	...	...
1 bedroom	14,020	...	...
2 bedrooms	36,970	...	...
3 bedrooms	42,450	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	32,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	126,405	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	35,300	...	...
5 rooms	21,345	...	...
6 rooms	15,980	...	...
7 rooms	15,590	...	...
8 or more rooms	38,190	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	126,405	...	...
One person or fewer per room	126,180	...	...
More than one person per room	225	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	126,405	...	...
Suitable	125,205	...	...
Not suitable	1,200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	126,405	...	...
1960 or before	31,770	...	...
1961 to 1980	42,765	...	...
1981 to 1990	17,740	...	...
1991 to 2000	13,185	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,300	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,345	...	...
2011 to 2015	6,660	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,640	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	126,405	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	120,110	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,295	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	126,405	...	...
One-maintainer household	73,660	...	...
Two-maintainer household	51,215	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,530	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	126,405	...	...
15 to 24 years	4,005	...	...
25 to 34 years	15,495	...	...
35 to 44 years	19,885	...	...
45 to 54 years	17,210	...	...
55 to 64 years	28,010	...	...
65 to 74 years	25,000	...	...
75 to 84 years	13,170	...	...
85 years and over	3,625	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	124,705	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	111,395	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,310	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,360	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	126,405	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	19,815	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,430	...	...
Not suitable only	1,045	...	...
Major repairs needed only	5,370	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	820	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	106,590	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	123,755	...	...
In core need	3,385	...	...
Not in core need	120,370	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	84,500	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	975	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	218,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40,440	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	646	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	70	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	372	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	268,765	135,730	133,030
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	12,640	6,400	6,240
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	12,430	6,280	6,145
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	9,605	4,870	4,735
Métis single ancestry	2,690	1,365	1,325
Inuit single ancestry	135	45	90
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	215	120	95
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	185	110	75
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	30	10	15
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,470	4,175	4,300
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,325	4,120	4,210
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,030	3,450	3,580
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,280	665	615
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	145	55	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	120	40	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	247,650	125,160	122,495
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	268,765	135,735	133,035
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	265,620	133,910	131,715
Canadian citizens aged under 18	49,970	25,610	24,365
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	215,650	108,305	107,345
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,145	1,825	1,325
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	268,765	135,735	133,035
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	263,625	132,905	130,725
Immigrants⁸¹	2,975	1,495	1,480
Before 1980	415	205	210
1980 to 1990	200	85	110
1991 to 2000	370	180	185
2001 to 2010	885	490	390
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,120	535	585
2011 to 2015	560	250	305
2016 to 2021	560	280	275
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,170	1,335	830
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,975	1,495	1,480
Under 5 years	445	215	235
5 to 14 years	455	210	250
15 to 24 years	455	235	225
25 to 44 years	1,450	760	690
45 years and over	160	80	85
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,975	1,495	1,480
Americas	600	255	345
Brazil	40	15	30
Colombia	95	35	65
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	120	40	75
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	75	30	45
Peru	40	15	25
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	65	35	30
Other places of birth in Americas	150	75	70
Europe	1,265	725	535
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	730	445	285
Germany	60	30	35
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	60	40	15
Netherlands	15	0	10
Poland	30	10	20
Portugal	20	10	10
Romania	20	20	0
Russian Federation	20	0	20
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0
Ukraine	50	30	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	20
Other places of birth in Europe	205	105	95
Africa	745	385	360
Algeria	85	55	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	25	10
Egypt	15	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	65	50	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	545	245	305
Asia	365	125	235
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	20	10	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	100	25	75
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	20
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	50	10	40
Viet Nam	40	25	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	10	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	30	55
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	555	285	275
Americas	85	30	50
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	15	0	15
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10
United States of America	10	10	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	15
Europe	215	140	75
France	190	125	70
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	180	80	95
Algeria	15	0	10
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	55	20	40
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	10
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	15	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	20	15	0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	25	35
Asia	85	30	55
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	15
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	268,770	135,735	133,035
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,890	3,150	2,740
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,705	1,915	1,800
Third generation or more¹⁰²	259,170	130,670	128,500
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,560	1,290	1,270
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,350	785	565
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	760	525	240
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	590	265	325
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,025	405	620
Refugees¹⁰⁸	170	85	85
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	15	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,560	1,290	1,270
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	40	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	325	190	130
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	35	85
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	315	210	95
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	15	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,720	790	935
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	268,765	135,735	133,035
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,115	1,995	2,120
South Asian	170	80	90
Chinese	395	85	305
Black	1,770	905	865
Filipino	125	55	70
Arab	490	320	165
Latin American	620	300	320
Southeast Asian	210	95	115
West Asian	55	30	20
Korean	30	10	15
Japanese	25	0	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	40	35
Multiple visible minorities	155	70	90
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	264,655	133,740	130,915
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	268,770	135,735	133,035
Canadian	112,425	56,380	56,045
English	1,575	845	730
Irish	5,505	2,605	2,905
Scottish	3,320	1,575	1,750
French, n.o.s.¹²²	52,115	27,060	25,055
German	1,345	615	730
Chinese	405	120	280
Italian	1,420	795	630
Indian (India)	370	175	195
Ukrainian	185	80	110
Dutch	260	135	125
Polish	270	135	135
Québécois	42,850	21,490	21,355
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	270	170	100
Filipino	100	45	55
French Canadian	30,770	15,335	15,430
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	7,460	3,900	3,565
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	7,120	3,480	3,640
Métis	4,290	2,185	2,105
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,955	1,605	1,350
Russian	190	105	85
Norwegian	350	190	165
Welsh	25	15	15
Portuguese	375	195	180
American	720	350	375
Spanish	410	215	195
Swedish	25	0	20
Hungarian	85	45	40
Acadian	2,640	1,295	1,345
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	440	200	240
Jewish	15	15	0
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	115	70	45
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	185	130	50
Greek	90	40	55
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	15	60
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	350	160	195
Korean	30	10	20
Romanian	80	65	15
Lebanese	280	170	115
Iranian	40	20	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,220	2,070	2,150
Danish	100	55	45
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,575	1,415	1,165
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	50	25	30
Belgian	570	340	230
Haitian	310	120	190
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	265	150	120
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	400	210	190
Finnish	45	20	20
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	30	15	10
Japanese	50	20	30
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	865	420	445
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	85	50	30
Muslim	35	10	25
Egyptian	55	20	35
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	105	65	45
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	205	70	140
Moroccan	175	125	50
Czech	15	0	0
Syrian	125	75	50
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	65	15	50
Serbian	35	15	20
Ojibway	35	25	10
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	35	25	10
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0
Turkish	25	15	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	210	80	130
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	115	80	35
Brazilian	70	30	35
Nigerian	10	10	0
Armenian	25	15	10
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	15	20
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	10	10
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	10
Algonquin	980	505	480
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	15	10
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	75	50	25
Congolese	65	25	35
Nova Scotian	10	0	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	20
Peruvian	70	35	40
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	15
Berber	40	30	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	0	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	85	45	35
New Brunswicker	135	60	75
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	85	50	45
Israeli	20	10	0
Mohawk	85	30	55
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	0	15
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	10	10	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	25	15
Tunisian	145	95	55
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	45	25	20
Bosnian	15	10	10
Venezuelan	40	35	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	3,990	1,990	1,995
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	20	15	0
Cameroonian	95	40	55
Guatemalan	45	35	10
Indonesian	15	0	15
Laotian	35	20	20
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	25	15
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	320	145	180
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	50	20	25
Dominican	35	15	20
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	60	25	35
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	440	235	210
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	175	80	90
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	265	130	135
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	20	25
Huron (Wendat)	415	155	250
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	160	85	75
Norman	220	120	105
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	65	45	25
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	10	10
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	25	20	0
Mauritian	15	0	10
Kenyan	25	10	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	10	10	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	35	20	10
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	20	10	10
Cherokee	10	10	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	75	30	45
Azerbaijani	15	0	10
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	0	15
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	25	0	15
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	335	145	190
Bamileke	45	15	25
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	25	0	20
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	70	35	25
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	0	15
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	15
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	30	20	15
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	65	30	35
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	100	55	40
Beninese	35	20	15
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	25	20	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	130	75	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	268,765	135,735	133,035
Buddhist	160	80	75
Christian	215,300	106,330	108,965
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15,420	7,835	7,585
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	105	55	50
Baptist	430	190	235
Catholic	197,370	97,315	100,060
Christian Orthodox	125	60	60
Jehovah's Witness	495	195	305
Latter Day Saints	95	40	50
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	275	165	110
Presbyterian	20	10	15
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	40	25	20
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	915	435	480
Hindu	15	10	0
Jewish	15	10	0
Muslim	805	475	330
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	120	70	55
Other religions and spiritual traditions	645	325	320
No religion and secular perspectives	51,710	28,440	23,275
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	266,170	134,370	131,800
Non-movers	240,090	121,440	118,655
Movers	26,080	12,930	13,145
Non-migrants	17,550	8,645	8,905
Migrants	8,535	4,290	4,240
Internal migrants	7,890	3,915	3,980
Intraprovincial migrants	7,385	3,635	3,750
Interprovincial migrants	510	280	230
External migrants	635	375	260
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	256,055	129,215	126,840
Non-movers	175,140	89,050	86,090
Movers	80,920	40,170	40,750
Non-migrants	44,835	21,810	23,020
Migrants	36,085	18,355	17,730
Internal migrants	33,780	17,025	16,755
Intraprovincial migrants	32,370	16,245	16,130
Interprovincial migrants	1,410	780	625
External migrants	2,305	1,335	970
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	226,500	114,155	112,345
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	50,620	27,415	23,205
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	175,880	86,745	89,135
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	137,515	69,640	67,875
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,495	13,275	9,220
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	115,020	56,365	58,655
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	226,505	114,155	112,345
No certificate, diploma or degree	42,940	21,700	21,245
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	44,920	21,490	23,440
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	138,635	70,970	67,665
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	105,320	56,375	48,940
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	55,660	34,570	21,090
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	41,570	23,355	18,215
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	14,090	11,220	2,875
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	42,155	18,955	23,200
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,510	2,855	4,655
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,320	14,595	18,725
Bachelor's degree	23,410	9,880	13,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,690	1,250	1,440
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,075	465	610
Master's degree	5,280	2,460	2,815
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	865	540	330
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	137,515	69,640	67,875
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,975	9,230	7,750
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,865	9,890	9,980
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	100,675	50,525	50,150
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	75,430	40,400	35,035
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	41,845	25,525	16,320
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	31,485	17,160	14,325
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10,360	8,360	1,995
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	29,125	13,230	15,900
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,455	1,645	2,815
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,245	10,125	15,120
Bachelor's degree	17,440	6,825	10,615
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,965	770	1,195
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	890	320	575
Master's degree	4,265	1,830	2,435
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	685	385	300
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	226,505	114,160	112,340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	87,865	43,185	44,680
Education	11,465	2,910	8,560
13. Education	11,465	2,910	8,560
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,450	1,080	1,375
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	395	250	140
50. Visual and performing arts	2,060	825	1,235
Humanities	5,240	2,325	2,915
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	465	115	350
23. English language and literature/letters	50	20	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,955	1,325	1,630
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	230	115	120
39. Theology and religious vocations	465	280	185
54. History	370	230	140
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	665	235	435
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,130	1,990	6,145
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	50	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	900	320	585
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,165	115	3,050
22. Legal professions and studies	985	375	610
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	255	45	210
42. Psychology	1,445	360	1,080
45. Social sciences	1,280	720	560
Business, management and public administration	28,865	8,400	20,465
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,465	405	2,060
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	26,380	7,995	18,380
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,175	1,750	1,425
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	805	325	485
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	220	125
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	750	360	395
40. Physical sciences	905	630	275
41. Science technologies/technicians	370	215	150
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,390	2,405	985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,715	2,155	560
25. Library science	410	70	340
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	130	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	45	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	37,930	35,115	2,815
04. Architecture and related services	850	480	365
14. Engineering	3,405	2,900	510
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	8,305	7,275	1,025
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,705	8,440	265
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,675	9,305	370
48. Precision production	6,995	6,710	280
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,960	4,400	1,560
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,150	1,210	940
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,810	3,190	620
Health and related fields	18,540	3,065	15,480
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	925	550	375
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	17,165	2,305	14,860
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	445	210	235
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,460	7,525	5,935
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	6,840	1,660	5,185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	30	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	90	90	0
43. Security and protective services	2,050	1,615	440
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,450	4,140	305
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	137,515	69,640	67,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,840	19,120	17,720
Education	6,965	1,415	5,545
13. Education	6,965	1,415	5,545
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,740	740	1,000
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	250	165	80
50. Visual and performing arts	1,490	575	920
Humanities	2,880	1,255	1,625
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	340	70	270
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,535	735	795
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	60	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	105	95
54. History	240	145	95
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	425	135	290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,220	1,365	4,860
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	35	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	620	230	390
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,575	85	2,495
22. Legal professions and studies	735	245	490
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	30	120
42. Psychology	1,150	270	880
45. Social sciences	915	470	440
Business, management and public administration	21,245	5,730	15,510
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,925	295	1,630
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	19,305	5,440	13,865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,870	1,065	805
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	605	235	365
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	125	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	125	85	40
40. Physical sciences	715	480	235
41. Science technologies/technicians	240	135	110
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,635	1,905	730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,245	1,790	450
25. Library science	240	20	215
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	60	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	30	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	28,220	25,745	2,470
04. Architecture and related services	695	375	320
14. Engineering	2,730	2,295	435
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	6,210	5,310	895
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	6,260	6,015	245
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,165	6,850	320
48. Precision production	5,165	4,910	260
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,680	3,365	1,315
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,650	880	775
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,025	2,485	540
Health and related fields	13,515	2,090	11,425
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	645	385	255
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	12,470	1,535	10,930
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	395	170	230
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,685	5,840	4,850
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	5,385	1,140	4,245
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	55	0
43. Security and protective services	1,670	1,310	365
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,545	3,300	240
Other¹⁷⁹	25	15	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	137,515	69,640	67,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,840	19,120	17,720
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	100,675	50,525	50,150
Location of study inside Canada	99,040	49,605	49,430
Same as province or territory of residence	97,870	48,910	48,960
Different than province or territory of residence	1,175	695	470
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,635	915	720
Americas	345	165	175
United States of America	100	65	40
Mexico	75	40	35
Cuba	15	0	10
Haiti	10	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	40	15	25
Colombia	40	10	30
Peru	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	15	30
Europe	760	465	295
Belgium	25	15	0
France	555	365	195
Germany	25	15	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	40	30	15
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	15	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	10	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	10	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10
Africa	390	215	175
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	50	25	30
Morocco	35	20	15
Tunisia	100	75	25
Egypt	20	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	195	95	95
Asia	120	50	75
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	15
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	40	20	20
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10
Oceania	15	15	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	226,505	114,155	112,345
In the labour force	134,450	71,795	62,655
Employed	126,520	67,215	59,305
Unemployed	7,930	4,580	3,350
Not in the labour force	92,055	42,365	49,690
Participation rate	59.4	62.9	55.8
Employment rate	55.9	58.9	52.8
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.4	5.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	226,505	114,160	112,340
Did not work¹⁸⁶	89,370	40,530	48,840
Worked	137,130	73,630	63,500
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	72,915	40,950	31,965
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	64,215	32,675	31,545
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.1	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	134,450	71,795	62,660
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,335	1,125	1,210
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	132,120	70,670	61,450
Employee	119,810	63,535	56,280
Permanent position	96,365	51,700	44,665
Temporary position	23,445	11,830	11,610
Fixed term (1 year or more)	7,150	3,185	3,965
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	16,295	8,650	7,650
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,305	7,135	5,175
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	134,450	71,795	62,660
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,335	1,125	1,210
All occupations¹⁹¹	132,120	70,670	61,450
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,795	1,295	510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	18,800	5,325	13,480
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,795	6,995	1,800
3 Health occupations	12,130	1,885	10,245
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	16,650	4,865	11,785
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,420	1,120	1,300
6 Sales and service occupations	33,670	14,500	19,170
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	26,280	24,710	1,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,415	3,795	620
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	7,155	6,175	975
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	134,450	71,795	62,660
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,335	1,125	1,210
All industries¹⁹¹	132,120	70,670	61,450
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,135	4,070	1,065
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,540	1,425	120
22 Utilities	1,425	1,225	205
23 Construction	10,360	8,980	1,380
31-33 Manufacturing	14,935	12,185	2,755
41 Wholesale trade	3,005	2,325	675
44-45 Retail trade	17,700	7,845	9,855
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,115	4,065	1,045
51 Information and cultural industries	1,365	770	595
52 Finance and insurance	2,715	820	1,900
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,245	720	530
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,585	3,810	2,780
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	45	50
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,830	3,120	1,710
61 Educational services	10,110	3,100	7,015
62 Health care and social assistance	20,935	3,605	17,325
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,660	875	790
72 Accommodation and food services	7,340	3,150	4,190
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,320	3,790	3,525
91 Public administration	8,695	4,745	3,950
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	145,370	77,810	67,555
English	860	525	330
French	134,335	70,435	63,900
Non-official language	45	20	25
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	40	20	15
English and French	9,795	6,655	3,140
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	245	100	140
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	70	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	145,370	77,810	67,555
Single responses	144,230	77,000	67,230
Official languages	144,135	76,955	67,175
English	1,945	1,280	660
French	142,190	75,675	66,515
Non-official languages	100	45	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	15
Algonquian languages	30	15	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	30	15	15
Atikamekw	30	15	15
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	35	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	30	25
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	30	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	55	30	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,135	810	325
English and French	1,090	790	300
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	145,370	77,810	67,555
None	136,350	71,780	64,575
English	7,655	5,145	2,510
French	1,125	765	355
Non-official language	165	65	100
Indigenous³⁹	40	0	30
Non-Indigenous	125	60	65
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	55	40	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	126,525	67,215	59,305
Worked at home	15,195	7,235	7,970
Worked outside Canada	80	65	20
No fixed workplace address	14,210	10,985	3,225
Usual place of work	97,030	48,935	48,095
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	97,035	48,935	48,095
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	70,715	34,380	36,340
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	16,310	8,255	8,050
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,830	6,160	3,670
Commute to a different province or territory	175	140	35
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	111,240	59,925	51,320
Car, truck or van	102,420	55,300	47,130
Car, truck or van - as a driver	97,865	53,005	44,870
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,560	2,300	2,260
Public transit	1,325	695	630
Walked	4,915	2,250	2,665
Bicycle	475	365	110
Other method	2,100	1,320	785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	111,240	59,925	51,320
Less than 15 minutes	54,000	26,380	27,615
15 to 29 minutes	36,840	19,930	16,910
30 to 44 minutes	12,110	7,325	4,785
45 to 59 minutes	4,080	2,775	1,305
60 minutes and over	4,215	3,505	710
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	111,240	59,925	51,320
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,490	6,075	1,415
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20,685	15,050	5,635
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	41,095	19,665	21,430
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	19,400	7,550	11,850
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,715	2,430	4,285
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15,855	9,145	6,710
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	51,290	26,230	25,060
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,700	1,870	1,830
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	47,590	24,360	23,230
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	37,590	19,205	18,390
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,735	1,360	1,380
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,850	895	955
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	885	465	420
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	34,855	17,845	17,015

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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