Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	South CentralMore information: Manitoba [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	67,028	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	64,782	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	24,903	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	23,513	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	9,774.87	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	67,030	33,530	33,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,865	8,145	7,720	23.7	24.3	23.0
0 to 4 years	5,090	2,585	2,505	7.6	7.7	7.5
5 to 9 years	5,435	2,800	2,635	8.1	8.4	7.9
10 to 14 years	5,345	2,755	2,585	8.0	8.2	7.7
15 to 64 years	40,325	20,355	19,970	60.2	60.7	59.6
15 to 19 years	4,850	2,545	2,315	7.2	7.6	6.9
20 to 24 years	4,180	2,200	1,980	6.2	6.6	5.9
25 to 29 years	4,200	2,140	2,060	6.3	6.4	6.1
30 to 34 years	4,200	2,085	2,115	6.3	6.2	6.3
35 to 39 years	4,200	2,095	2,105	6.3	6.2	6.3
40 to 44 years	3,870	1,935	1,940	5.8	5.8	5.8
45 to 49 years	3,565	1,785	1,780	5.3	5.3	5.3
50 to 54 years	3,570	1,800	1,770	5.3	5.4	5.3
55 to 59 years	3,820	1,865	1,955	5.7	5.6	5.8
60 to 64 years	3,865	1,910	1,955	5.8	5.7	5.8
65 years and over	10,835	5,025	5,805	16.2	15.0	17.3
65 to 69 years	3,275	1,655	1,625	4.9	4.9	4.9
70 to 74 years	2,660	1,320	1,345	4.0	3.9	4.0
75 to 79 years	1,885	900	985	2.8	2.7	2.9
80 to 84 years	1,420	610	805	2.1	1.8	2.4
85 years and over	1,590	540	1,045	2.4	1.6	3.1
85 to 89 years	890	325	560	1.3	1.0	1.7
90 to 94 years	515	170	350	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	165	45	120	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.7	24.3	23.0	23.7	24.3	23.0
15 to 64 years	60.2	60.7	59.6	60.2	60.7	59.6
65 years and over	16.2	15.0	17.3	16.2	15.0	17.3
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.1	2.4	1.6	3.1
Average age of the population	37.4	36.5	38.4	37.4	36.5	38.4
Median age of the population	35.2	34.0	36.4	35.2	34.0	36.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	23,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,235	...	...	77.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	995	...	...	4.2	...	...
Row house	1,410	...	...	6.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,640	...	...	7.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	385	...	...	1.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	725	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	23,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,660	...	...	24.1	...	...
2 persons	8,325	...	...	35.4	...	...
3 persons	2,895	...	...	12.3	...	...
4 persons	3,115	...	...	13.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,515	...	...	14.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	64,055	32,280	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	51,160	25,385	25,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	33,350	16,715	16,635	65.2	65.8	64.5
Married	31,075	15,580	15,495	60.7	61.4	60.1
Living common-law	2,280	1,135	1,145	4.5	4.5	4.4
Living common law - Never married	1,595	795	800	3.1	3.1	3.1
Living common law - Separated	130	60	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	480	240	245	0.9	0.9	1.0
Living common law - Widowed	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	17,815	8,670	9,145	34.8	34.2	35.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	12,470	6,980	5,490	24.4	27.5	21.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	925	425	500	1.8	1.7	1.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,635	750	890	3.2	3.0	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,780	515	2,270	5.4	2.0	8.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,290	...	...	47.6	...	...
3 persons	2,785	...	...	16.0	...	...
4 persons	3,075	...	...	17.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,265	...	...	18.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	15,975	...	...	91.7	...	...
Married couples	14,840	...	...	85.2	...	...
With children⁶	8,055	...	...	46.3	...	...
Without children	6,785	...	...	39.0	...	...
Common-law couples	1,135	...	...	6.5	...	...
With children⁶	460	...	...	2.6	...	...
Without children	675	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,435	...	...	8.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,095	...	...	6.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	340	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	64,055	32,280	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	56,245	28,455	27,790	87.8	88.2	87.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	31,950	15,965	15,985	49.9	49.5	50.3
Parents in one-parent families	1,440	340	1,100	2.2	1.1	3.5
Children⁶	22,855	12,150	10,710	35.7	37.6	33.7
In a two-parent family	20,475	10,830	9,645	32.0	33.6	30.3
In a one-parent family	2,380	1,320	1,065	3.7	4.1	3.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,810	3,825	3,985	12.2	11.8	12.5
Living alone	5,660	2,580	3,080	8.8	8.0	9.7
Living with other relatives⁷	960	485	475	1.5	1.5	1.5
Living with non-relatives only	1,190	760	430	1.9	2.4	1.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	23,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,540	...	...	70.3	...	...
Couple-family households	15,320	...	...	65.1	...	...
With children⁶	8,165	...	...	34.7	...	...
Without children	7,155	...	...	30.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,225	...	...	5.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	185	...	...	0.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	450	...	...	1.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	615	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	5,660	...	...	24.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	48,880	24,465	24,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,265	23,720	23,545	96.7	97.0	96.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,400	29,400	36,400	44,400	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,355	23,765	23,585	96.9	97.1	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	38,800	27,200	32,400	38,800	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	43,190	22,485	20,700	88.4	91.9	84.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	40,400	21,400	31,000	40,400	21,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,050	19,760	16,290	73.8	80.8	66.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	40,800	22,800	32,000	40,800	22,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,275	21,140	21,135	86.5	86.4	86.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,550	2,980	9,700	6,550	2,980	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,275	2,995	2,280	10.8	12.2	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,120	4,480	3,600	4,120	4,480	3,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,400	3,265	4,130	15.1	13.3	16.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,000	6,000	5,480	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	48,875	24,460	24,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,240	23,740	23,505	96.7	97.1	96.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,680	51,350	35,960	43,680	51,350	35,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,315	23,780	23,540	96.8	97.2	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,480	31,080	36,800	42,480	31,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	43,260	22,600	20,660	88.5	92.4	84.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,720	47,040	29,600	38,720	47,040	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,065	19,845	16,220	73.8	81.1	66.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,920	44,880	29,360	37,920	44,880	29,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,345	21,360	20,985	86.6	87.3	86.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,180	7,270	11,120	9,180	7,270	11,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,410	3,175	2,230	11.1	13.0	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,345	5,865	5,560	5,345	5,865
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,480	3,420	4,060	15.3	14.0	16.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,030	6,860	7,170	7,030	6,860	7,170
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	48,875	24,465	24,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,760	11,960	5,800	36.3	48.9	23.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	47,200	50,400	40,800	47,200	50,400	40,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,900	57,150	47,280	53,900	57,150	47,280
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,720	5,880	7,840	28.1	24.0	32.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	21,400	15,000	17,400	21,400	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,820	27,880	20,760	23,820	27,880	20,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.2	87.2	72.4	81.2	87.2	72.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.2	73.0	56.4	66.2	73.0	56.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.8	12.7	27.6	18.8	12.7	27.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.8	2.7	5.3	3.8	2.7	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.6	1.9	3.5	2.6	1.9	3.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	48,875	24,460	24,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,615	740	875	3.3	3.0	3.6
With total income	47,265	23,720	23,545	96.7	97.0	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,575	1,820	2,750	9.7	7.7	11.7
$10,000 to $19,999	6,640	2,350	4,290	14.0	9.9	18.2
$20,000 to $29,999	7,980	2,990	4,985	16.9	12.6	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	6,860	3,045	3,820	14.5	12.8	16.2
$40,000 to $49,999	6,525	3,750	2,770	13.8	15.8	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,805	3,080	1,725	10.2	13.0	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,075	2,045	1,035	6.5	8.6	4.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,025	1,400	625	4.3	5.9	2.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,485	940	545	3.1	4.0	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,035	630	405	2.2	2.7	1.7
$100,000 and over	2,260	1,665	590	4.8	7.0	2.5
$100,000 to $149,999	1,600	1,160	440	3.4	4.9	1.9
$150,000 and over	655	505	155	1.4	2.1	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	48,875	24,460	24,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,525	700	825	3.1	2.9	3.4
With after-tax income	47,350	23,765	23,590	96.9	97.2	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,850	1,935	2,915	10.2	8.1	12.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,230	2,605	4,625	15.3	11.0	19.6
$20,000 to $29,999	9,305	3,580	5,720	19.7	15.1	24.2
$30,000 to $39,999	8,510	4,290	4,220	18.0	18.1	17.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,975	4,355	2,620	14.7	18.3	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,250	2,795	1,450	9.0	11.8	6.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,490	1,640	845	5.3	6.9	3.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,580	960	620	3.3	4.0	2.6
$80,000 to $89,999	795	560	240	1.7	2.4	1.0
$90,000 to $99,999	440	330	110	0.9	1.4	0.5
$100,000 and over	935	715	220	2.0	3.0	0.9
$100,000 to $124,999	475	360	110	1.0	1.5	0.5
$125,000 and over	455	355	110	1.0	1.5	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	48,875	24,460	24,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	12,835	4,700	8,130	26.3	19.2	33.3
With employment income	36,045	19,755	16,285	73.7	80.8	66.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,600	1,910	2,690	12.8	9.7	16.5
$5,000 to $9,999	3,000	1,160	1,845	8.3	5.9	11.3
$10,000 to $19,999	5,005	2,155	2,845	13.9	10.9	17.5
$20,000 to $29,999	4,445	1,905	2,540	12.3	9.6	15.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,635	2,535	2,105	12.9	12.8	12.9
$40,000 to $49,999	4,380	2,940	1,440	12.2	14.9	8.8
$50,000 to $59,999	3,070	2,180	885	8.5	11.0	5.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,090	1,530	560	5.8	7.7	3.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,345	995	350	3.7	5.0	2.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,180	740	445	3.3	3.7	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	745	485	265	2.1	2.5	1.6
$100,000 and over	1,555	1,225	330	4.3	6.2	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	830	630	205	2.3	3.2	1.3
$125,000 and over	725	595	125	2.0	3.0	0.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	48,880	24,465	24,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,645	22,850	22,795	93.4	93.4	93.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	43,600	27,600	34,800	43,600	27,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,655	22,850	22,800	93.4	93.4	93.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	38,000	25,600	31,200	38,000	25,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,030	21,785	20,245	86.0	89.0	82.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	41,200	22,600	31,600	41,200	22,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,520	19,340	16,180	72.7	79.1	66.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	40,800	23,800	32,400	40,800	23,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,360	19,965	19,400	80.5	81.6	79.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,400	1,160	7,450	3,400	1,160	7,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,555	1,865	1,690	7.3	7.6	6.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880	5,240	4,600	4,880	5,240	4,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	48,875	24,460	24,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,590	22,870	22,720	93.3	93.5	93.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,200	50,200	34,160	42,200	50,200	34,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,605	22,870	22,735	93.3	93.5	93.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,400	41,240	29,520	35,400	41,240	29,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,990	21,880	20,120	85.9	89.5	82.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,000	47,480	29,800	39,000	47,480	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,550	19,475	16,075	72.7	79.6	65.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,960	44,880	29,560	37,960	44,880	29,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,525	20,205	19,325	80.9	82.6	79.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250	5,395	9,180	7,250	5,395	9,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,675	1,935	1,735	7.5	7.9	7.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,205	6,820	6,500	6,205	6,820
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	48,875	24,465	24,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,660	11,905	5,750	36.1	48.7	23.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	45,600	49,200	38,800	45,600	49,200	38,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,200	54,650	44,160	51,200	54,650	44,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,695	5,345	7,350	26.0	21.8	30.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	25,800	18,200	20,800	25,800	18,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,280	32,520	23,500	27,280	32,520	23,500
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.2	90.6	77.2	85.2	90.6	77.2
Employment income (%)	70.0	76.2	61.2	70.0	76.2	61.2
Government transfers (%)	14.9	9.5	22.8	14.9	9.5	22.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.1	1.5	1.2	1.1	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	23,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	23,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,100	...	...	74,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,040	...	...	44,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,040	...	...	37,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,900	...	...	85,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	23,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	200	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	305	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	295	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	985	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	840	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	835	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	985	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,045	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,035	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,065	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,060	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,995	...	...	8.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,855	...	...	7.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,700	...	...	7.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,195	...	...	30.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,895	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,735	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,625	...	...	6.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	930	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	23,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	305	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	345	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,055	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	990	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,020	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,230	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,225	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,200	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,445	...	...	10.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,505	...	...	10.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,355	...	...	10.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,020	...	...	8.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,505	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,915	...	...	20.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,390	...	...	10.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,290	...	...	5.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,235	...	...	5.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	54,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,850	3,340	3,515	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	40,800	32,800	36,800	40,800	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	35,600	30,200	32,400	35,600	30,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,280	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,200	...	...	91,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...	75,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,600	...	...	114,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,300	...	...	72,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,870	3,290	3,580	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,720	46,320	39,440	42,720	46,320	39,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,160	39,240	33,360	36,160	39,240	33,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	64,055	32,275	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,015	9,295	8,720	28.1	28.8	27.4
0 to 5 years	5,895	2,995	2,900	9.2	9.3	9.1
18 to 64 years	36,185	18,280	17,900	56.5	56.6	56.3
65 years and over	9,855	4,700	5,160	15.4	14.6	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,560	4,495	5,065	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,210	1,630	1,580	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,270	625	650	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,355	2,070	2,285	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,995	800	1,200	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.9	13.9	15.9	14.9	13.9	15.9
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	17.5	18.1	17.8	17.5	18.1
0 to 5 years (%)	21.6	20.8	22.4	21.6	20.8	22.4
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	11.3	12.8	12.0	11.3	12.8
65 years and over (%)	20.2	16.9	23.2	20.2	16.9	23.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	64,055	32,280	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,015	9,295	8,720	28.1	28.8	27.4
0 to 5 years	5,890	2,995	2,895	9.2	9.3	9.1
18 to 64 years	36,185	18,285	17,905	56.5	56.6	56.3
65 years and over	9,855	4,700	5,155	15.4	14.6	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,895	965	935	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	450	230	225	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	160	75	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,275	645	625	...	...	...
65 years and over	175	85	90	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	2.4	3.0	2.7	2.4	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	64,060	32,275	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	44,445	22,190	22,250	69.4	68.8	70.0
In bottom decile	7,150	3,390	3,760	11.2	10.5	11.8
In second decile	11,805	5,800	6,005	18.4	18.0	18.9
In third decile	9,810	4,915	4,900	15.3	15.2	15.4
In fourth decile	8,590	4,410	4,180	13.4	13.7	13.2
In fifth decile	7,090	3,685	3,405	11.1	11.4	10.7
In top half of the distribution	19,610	10,080	9,530	30.6	31.2	30.0
In sixth decile	5,990	3,100	2,890	9.4	9.6	9.1
In seventh decile	4,980	2,545	2,435	7.8	7.9	7.7
In eighth decile	3,785	1,915	1,865	5.9	5.9	5.9
In ninth decile	2,925	1,520	1,405	4.6	4.7	4.4
In top decile	1,935	1,000	930	3.0	3.1	2.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	64,055	...	...	64,055	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.406	...	...	0.406	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	66,355	33,270	33,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	61,310	30,925	30,385	92.4	93.0	91.8
French only	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	3,830	1,780	2,050	5.8	5.4	6.2
Neither English nor French	1,190	560	630	1.8	1.7	1.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	66,355	33,270	33,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	63,275	31,740	31,535	95.4	95.4	95.3
French	1,780	925	855	2.7	2.8	2.6
English and French	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	1,180	555	625	1.8	1.7	1.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	66,355	33,270	33,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,455	32,335	32,125	97.1	97.2	97.1
Official languages	43,440	21,905	21,540	65.5	65.8	65.1
English	41,590	20,950	20,645	62.7	63.0	62.4
French	1,855	955	895	2.8	2.9	2.7
Non-official languages	21,015	10,425	10,590	31.7	31.3	32.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,980	10,415	10,570	31.6	31.3	31.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	260	140	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	200	110	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	180	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,000	525	475	1.5	1.6	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	870	460	410	1.3	1.4	1.2
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,405	9,585	9,820	29.2	28.8	29.7
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,705	860	850	2.6	2.6	2.6
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,705	860	845	2.6	2.6	2.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,425	715	710	2.1	2.1	2.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	195	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	16,705	8,205	8,500	25.2	24.7	25.7
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	8,485	4,160	4,325	12.8	12.5	13.1
German	8,475	4,155	4,325	12.8	12.5	13.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	7,675	3,775	3,905	11.6	11.3	11.8
Afrikaans	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	175	80	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	1,130	535	600	1.7	1.6	1.8
Low Saxon	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Plautdietsch	6,125	3,040	3,080	9.2	9.1	9.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Scandinavian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	510	255	260	0.8	0.8	0.8
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	465	250	210	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	435	230	200	0.7	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	265	140	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	510	260	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	375	190	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,895	940	960	2.9	2.8	2.9
English and French	315	150	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,335	670	665	2.0	2.0	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	230	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	66,355	33,270	33,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,215	24,325	23,895	72.7	73.1	72.2
French	565	275	295	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	5,515	2,705	2,815	8.3	8.1	8.5
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,515	2,700	2,815	8.3	8.1	8.5
English and French	935	440	495	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	9,975	4,975	5,000	15.0	15.0	15.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	1,025	500	530	1.5	1.5	1.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	66,355	33,270	33,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,520	32,365	32,160	97.2	97.3	97.2
Official languages	54,230	27,250	26,980	81.7	81.9	81.5
English	53,405	26,845	26,565	80.5	80.7	80.3
French	820	405	415	1.2	1.2	1.3
Non-official languages	10,295	5,115	5,180	15.5	15.4	15.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,290	5,115	5,180	15.5	15.4	15.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	105	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	160	85	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	660	360	300	1.0	1.1	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	610	330	280	0.9	1.0	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,235	4,550	4,685	13.9	13.7	14.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,090	570	525	1.6	1.7	1.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,090	565	520	1.6	1.7	1.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	935	490	445	1.4	1.5	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	7,405	3,590	3,820	11.2	10.8	11.5
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,610	2,235	2,380	6.9	6.7	7.2
German	4,615	2,235	2,385	7.0	6.7	7.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,340	1,135	1,205	3.5	3.4	3.6
Afrikaans	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	420	200	220	0.6	0.6	0.7
Low Saxon	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	1,800	885	920	2.7	2.7	2.8
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	450	220	230	0.7	0.7	0.7
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	390	210	180	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	370	195	170	0.6	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230	120	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	335	175	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	250	135	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,835	910	925	2.8	2.7	2.8
English and French	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,625	825	805	2.4	2.5	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	66,355	33,270	33,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,850	28,070	27,780	84.2	84.4	84.0
English	3,320	1,700	1,625	5.0	5.1	4.9
French	575	260	310	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	5,455	2,655	2,800	8.2	8.0	8.5
Indigenous³⁹	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	5,415	2,640	2,775	8.2	7.9	8.4
English and French	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	690	350	345	1.0	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	400	205	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	64,060	32,275	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	62,975	31,740	31,235	98.3	98.3	98.3
English	62,940	31,725	31,215	98.3	98.3	98.2
French	3,880	1,835	2,045	6.1	5.7	6.4
Non-official languages	23,230	11,755	11,470	36.3	36.4	36.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	23,130	11,710	11,420	36.1	36.3	35.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	415	235	175	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bilen	80	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	335	185	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	260	140	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,440	760	675	2.2	2.4	2.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,355	715	640	2.1	2.2	2.0
Waray-Waray	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20,930	10,580	10,350	32.7	32.8	32.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,645	1,315	1,325	4.1	4.1	4.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,645	1,315	1,325	4.1	4.1	4.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	2,465	1,220	1,245	3.8	3.8	3.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	350	180	175	0.5	0.6	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	18,460	9,350	9,110	28.8	29.0	28.7
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10,280	5,180	5,095	16.0	16.0	16.0
German	10,265	5,170	5,090	16.0	16.0	16.0
Pennsylvania German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	9,445	4,745	4,695	14.7	14.7	14.8
Afrikaans	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	345	185	160	0.5	0.6	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	1,315	625	690	2.1	1.9	2.2
Low Saxon	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plautdietsch	7,710	3,895	3,820	12.0	12.1	12.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Scandinavian languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	520	275	245	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	490	255	230	0.8	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	180	100	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	295	165	130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,490	880	615	2.3	2.7	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,345	805	540	2.1	2.5	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	64,055	32,275	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,890	1,395	1,495	4.5	4.3	4.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,810	1,355	1,450	4.4	4.2	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,050	495	555	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	1,730	850	880	2.7	2.6	2.8
Inuk (Inuit)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	61,165	30,880	30,290	95.5	95.7	95.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	64,055	32,275	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	810	375	435	1.3	1.2	1.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	63,245	31,900	31,345	98.7	98.8	98.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	23,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	18,635	...	...	79.3	...	...
Renter	4,875	...	...	20.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	23,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,915	...	...	8.1	...	...
Not condominium	21,600	...	...	91.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	23,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	1,830	...	...	7.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,490	...	...	23.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,220	...	...	30.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,925	...	...	38.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	23,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,685	...	...	19.9	...	...
5 rooms	3,335	...	...	14.2	...	...
6 rooms	3,265	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	3,180	...	...	13.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,050	...	...	38.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	23,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	22,865	...	...	97.3	...	...
More than one person per room	650	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	23,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	22,575	...	...	96.0	...	...
Not suitable	940	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	23,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,845	...	...	20.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,810	...	...	29.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,530	...	...	10.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,365	...	...	10.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,235	...	...	5.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,045	...	...	8.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,050	...	...	8.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,635	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	23,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	22,350	...	...	95.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,160	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	23,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	11,975	...	...	50.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,895	...	...	46.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	635	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	23,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,000	...	...	4.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,765	...	...	16.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,110	...	...	17.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,915	...	...	16.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,205	...	...	17.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,465	...	...	14.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,045	...	...	8.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,010	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	22,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,905	...	...	85.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,215	...	...	14.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,985	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	23,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,085	...	...	21.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,035	...	...	12.9	...	...
Not suitable only	845	...	...	3.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	980	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	18,425	...	...	78.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	21,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,390	...	...	6.3	...	...
Not in core need	20,500	...	...	93.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,345	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.8	...	...	58.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...	1,040	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	276,000	...	...	276,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	293,200	...	...	293,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,825	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.0	...	...	18.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.3	...	...	29.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.6	...	...	14.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	924	...	...	924	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	64,055	32,275	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,170	550	620	1.8	1.7	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,145	550	595	1.8	1.7	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	780	355	425	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis single ancestry	350	185	165	0.5	0.6	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,930	965	970	3.0	3.0	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,890	945	945	3.0	2.9	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	680	350	330	1.1	1.1	1.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,190	585	605	1.9	1.8	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	60,950	30,760	30,195	95.2	95.3	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	64,055	32,280	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	58,500	29,470	29,030	91.3	91.3	91.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,880	8,755	8,120	26.4	27.1	25.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	41,620	20,710	20,905	65.0	64.2	65.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,555	2,810	2,750	8.7	8.7	8.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	64,055	32,280	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	51,500	26,005	25,495	80.4	80.6	80.2
Immigrants⁸¹	12,115	5,980	6,140	18.9	18.5	19.3
Before 1980	1,660	860	800	2.6	2.7	2.5
1980 to 1990	565	245	320	0.9	0.8	1.0
1991 to 2000	855	405	450	1.3	1.3	1.4
2001 to 2010	4,555	2,275	2,285	7.1	7.0	7.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,485	2,195	2,290	7.0	6.8	7.2
2011 to 2015	1,705	810	890	2.7	2.5	2.8
2016 to 2021	2,780	1,380	1,400	4.3	4.3	4.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	440	295	145	0.7	0.9	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,115	5,975	6,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,740	870	875	14.4	14.6	14.3
5 to 14 years	3,545	1,815	1,735	29.3	30.4	28.3
15 to 24 years	2,050	995	1,055	16.9	16.7	17.2
25 to 44 years	4,100	1,955	2,145	33.8	32.7	34.9
45 years and over	685	345	340	5.7	5.8	5.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,115	5,975	6,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,985	2,415	2,570	41.1	40.4	41.9
Brazil	70	40	30	0.6	0.7	0.5
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	3,665	1,795	1,865	30.3	30.0	30.4
Peru	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
United States of America	395	150	240	3.3	2.5	3.9
Other places of birth in Americas	825	395	435	6.8	6.6	7.1
Europe	3,690	1,825	1,865	30.5	30.5	30.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Germany	1,865	965	900	15.4	16.2	14.7
Greece	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	165	85	80	1.4	1.4	1.3
Poland	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Portugal	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	800	360	440	6.6	6.0	7.2
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	355	170	180	2.9	2.8	2.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	90	130	1.8	1.5	2.1
Other places of birth in Europe	190	90	95	1.6	1.5	1.5
Africa	360	185	175	3.0	3.1	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrea	75	55	15	0.6	0.9	0.2
Ethiopia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	85	50	40	0.7	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	65	30	35	0.5	0.5	0.6
Asia	3,040	1,525	1,515	25.1	25.5	24.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	30	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Lebanon	30	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	95	45	45	0.8	0.8	0.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,195	575	625	9.9	9.6	10.2
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	275	155	125	2.3	2.6	2.0
Pakistan	50	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,190	610	575	9.8	10.2	9.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,780	1,385	1,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	565	275	285	20.3	19.9	20.4
Brazil	65	35	30	2.3	2.5	2.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	305	145	155	11.0	10.5	11.1
United States of America	50	25	25	1.8	1.8	1.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	145	65	85	5.2	4.7	6.1
Europe	645	325	320	23.2	23.5	22.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	225	120	110	8.1	8.7	7.9
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	100	55	50	3.6	4.0	3.6
Ukraine	210	100	105	7.6	7.2	7.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	100	55	50	3.6	4.0	3.6
Africa	135	80	60	4.9	5.8	4.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Eritrea	40	30	10	1.4	2.2	0.7
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	15	15	1.1	1.1	1.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	0.7	1.1	0.7
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,420	695	725	51.1	50.2	51.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	150	95	55	5.4	6.9	3.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Israel	15	10	15	0.5	0.7	1.1
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	10	30	1.6	0.7	2.1
Lebanon	30	15	15	1.1	1.1	1.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
Philippines	835	400	430	30.0	28.9	30.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	85	40	45	3.1	2.9	3.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	195	100	95	7.0	7.2	6.8
Oceania and other⁹³	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	10	10	0.5	0.7	0.7
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	64,055	32,275	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,130	7,115	7,015	22.1	22.0	22.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,905	6,595	6,310	20.1	20.4	19.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	37,025	18,565	18,455	57.8	57.5	58.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,460	5,115	5,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,995	3,540	3,455	66.9	69.2	64.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,945	1,455	490	18.6	28.4	9.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,045	2,085	2,960	48.2	40.8	55.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,485	1,085	1,405	23.8	21.2	26.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	515	265	250	4.9	5.2	4.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	460	225	235	4.4	4.4	4.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,460	5,115	5,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	150	60	90	1.4	1.2	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,195	690	505	11.4	13.5	9.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	265	155	115	2.5	3.0	2.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	150	85	65	1.4	1.7	1.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	265	95	175	2.5	1.9	3.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,440	4,040	4,400	80.7	79.0	82.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	64,055	32,275	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,755	1,935	1,820	5.9	6.0	5.7
South Asian	595	295	300	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black	450	255	195	0.7	0.8	0.6
Filipino	1,480	795	685	2.3	2.5	2.2
Arab	260	135	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin American	485	235	250	0.8	0.7	0.8
Southeast Asian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	60,300	30,350	29,955	94.1	94.0	94.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	64,060	32,280	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,030	4,565	4,465	14.1	14.1	14.0
English	6,575	3,135	3,440	10.3	9.7	10.8
Irish	4,515	2,070	2,445	7.0	6.4	7.7
Scottish	5,765	2,805	2,960	9.0	8.7	9.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,160	2,195	1,965	6.5	6.8	6.2
German	14,115	7,065	7,050	22.0	21.9	22.2
Chinese	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	330	170	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indian (India)	305	150	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukrainian	3,545	1,735	1,815	5.5	5.4	5.7
Dutch	4,170	2,095	2,075	6.5	6.5	6.5
Polish	1,440	675	765	2.2	2.1	2.4
Québécois	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	965	445	520	1.5	1.4	1.6
Filipino	1,460	775	690	2.3	2.4	2.2
French Canadian	515	265	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,605	810	790	2.5	2.5	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	590	280	315	0.9	0.9	1.0
Métis	1,610	790	820	2.5	2.4	2.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,360	680	680	2.1	2.1	2.1
Russian	8,935	4,445	4,490	13.9	13.8	14.1
Norwegian	525	225	300	0.8	0.7	0.9
Welsh	445	205	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
Portuguese	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	520	255	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
Spanish	305	150	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	470	200	270	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hungarian	195	85	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistani	30	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	105	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	140	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	275	140	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	115	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	100	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lebanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,145	585	555	1.8	1.8	1.7
Danish	250	135	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	215	80	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
Sikh	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austrian	365	175	185	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belgian	1,840	1,030	815	2.9	3.2	2.6
Haitian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	3,695	1,825	1,870	5.8	5.7	5.9
Mennonite	14,530	7,280	7,250	22.7	22.6	22.8
Swiss	435	235	200	0.7	0.7	0.6
Finnish	90	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sri Lankan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	130	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	560	260	290	0.9	0.8	0.9
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	315	155	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	215	120	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	95	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	785	385	400	1.2	1.2	1.3
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	360	160	190	0.6	0.5	0.6
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	64,055	32,275	31,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian	51,380	25,410	25,970	80.2	78.7	81.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	23,845	12,085	11,755	37.2	37.4	37.0
Anabaptist	9,575	4,645	4,925	14.9	14.4	15.5
Anglican	865	385	485	1.4	1.2	1.5
Baptist	1,520	770	755	2.4	2.4	2.4
Catholic	5,685	2,925	2,765	8.9	9.1	8.7
Christian Orthodox	370	170	200	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latter Day Saints	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	870	380	495	1.4	1.2	1.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	60	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,045	515	535	1.6	1.6	1.7
Presbyterian	135	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Reformed	560	315	245	0.9	1.0	0.8
United Church	3,420	1,530	1,890	5.3	4.7	5.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,345	1,585	1,755	5.2	4.9	5.5
Hindu	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	425	190	235	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sikh	265	155	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	165	75	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	11,620	6,340	5,275	18.1	19.6	16.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	63,040	31,745	31,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	55,635	28,105	27,530	88.3	88.5	88.0
Movers	7,400	3,640	3,765	11.7	11.5	12.0
Non-migrants	3,915	1,980	1,935	6.2	6.2	6.2
Migrants	3,485	1,655	1,825	5.5	5.2	5.8
Internal migrants	3,070	1,470	1,605	4.9	4.6	5.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,665	1,265	1,400	4.2	4.0	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	410	200	205	0.7	0.6	0.7
External migrants	410	195	220	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	59,255	29,875	29,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	36,770	18,660	18,110	62.1	62.5	61.6
Movers	22,480	11,215	11,270	37.9	37.5	38.4
Non-migrants	7,520	3,700	3,820	12.7	12.4	13.0
Migrants	14,955	7,510	7,450	25.2	25.1	25.4
Internal migrants	12,115	6,045	6,075	20.4	20.2	20.7
Intraprovincial migrants	10,685	5,340	5,345	18.0	17.9	18.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,430	705	730	2.4	2.4	2.5
External migrants	2,840	1,465	1,380	4.8	4.9	4.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,875	24,465	24,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,690	8,670	7,015	32.1	35.4	28.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	33,190	15,795	17,395	67.9	64.6	71.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,375	15,240	15,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,345	4,270	3,070	24.2	28.0	20.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,030	10,970	12,055	75.8	72.0	79.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,875	24,460	24,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,475	7,950	6,525	29.6	32.5	26.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,050	8,125	7,925	32.8	33.2	32.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,350	8,385	9,965	37.5	34.3	40.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,295	5,880	6,415	25.2	24.0	26.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,365	2,245	1,115	6.9	9.2	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,590	860	725	3.3	3.5	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,770	1,380	390	3.6	5.6	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,185	2,650	4,530	14.7	10.8	18.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,745	980	765	3.6	4.0	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,060	2,505	3,550	12.4	10.2	14.5
Bachelor's degree	4,430	1,785	2,645	9.1	7.3	10.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	575	250	330	1.2	1.0	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190	80	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	830	370	460	1.7	1.5	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,370	15,245	15,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,760	3,915	2,840	22.3	25.7	18.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,095	5,240	4,855	33.2	34.4	32.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,510	6,085	7,430	44.5	39.9	49.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,630	4,115	4,515	28.4	27.0	29.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,245	1,495	750	7.4	9.8	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	990	535	455	3.3	3.5	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,255	965	295	4.1	6.3	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,300	1,985	3,315	17.5	13.0	21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,080	630	445	3.6	4.1	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,885	1,970	2,920	16.1	12.9	19.3
Bachelor's degree	3,530	1,405	2,125	11.6	9.2	14.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	455	185	275	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	160	65	95	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	710	295	415	2.3	1.9	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	48,880	24,460	24,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,525	16,075	14,450	62.4	65.7	59.2
Education	2,175	525	1,650	4.4	2.1	6.8
13. Education	2,175	525	1,650	4.4	2.1	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	330	145	190	0.7	0.6	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	280	95	185	0.6	0.4	0.8
Humanities	1,040	510	535	2.1	2.1	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	145	40	110	0.3	0.2	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	560	320	240	1.1	1.3	1.0
54. History	115	70	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,220	320	900	2.5	1.3	3.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	435	0	425	0.9	0.0	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	115	25	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	185	50	140	0.4	0.2	0.6
45. Social sciences	305	160	145	0.6	0.7	0.6
Business, management and public administration	2,935	1,030	1,900	6.0	4.2	7.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	310	50	260	0.6	0.2	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,610	975	1,635	5.3	4.0	6.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	285	135	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	375	245	130	0.8	1.0	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	315	220	95	0.6	0.9	0.4
25. Library science	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,505	3,255	245	7.2	13.3	1.0
04. Architecture and related services	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	340	280	60	0.7	1.1	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	570	490	80	1.2	2.0	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	955	910	45	2.0	3.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,105	1,100	10	2.3	4.5	0.0
48. Precision production	480	455	25	1.0	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,770	1,380	395	3.6	5.6	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,685	1,315	375	3.4	5.4	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	60	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	3,685	475	3,210	7.5	1.9	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,520	395	3,130	7.2	1.6	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,020	370	650	2.1	1.5	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	735	115	625	1.5	0.5	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	115	105	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	155	140	15	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	30,370	15,240	15,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,860	9,160	7,700	55.5	60.1	50.9
Education	1,480	360	1,120	4.9	2.4	7.4
13. Education	1,480	360	1,120	4.9	2.4	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	250	110	140	0.8	0.7	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	215	75	140	0.7	0.5	0.9
Humanities	700	330	365	2.3	2.2	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	120	35	85	0.4	0.2	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	40	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	350	210	140	1.2	1.4	0.9
54. History	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	995	245	745	3.3	1.6	4.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	35	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	365	0	365	1.2	0.0	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	100	25	75	0.3	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	150	45	110	0.5	0.3	0.7
45. Social sciences	235	120	115	0.8	0.8	0.8
Business, management and public administration	2,335	790	1,540	7.7	5.2	10.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	240	25	215	0.8	0.2	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,090	765	1,325	6.9	5.0	8.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	220	95	125	0.7	0.6	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	310	210	100	1.0	1.4	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	265	195	70	0.9	1.3	0.5
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,540	2,325	215	8.4	15.3	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	315	260	50	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	425	350	70	1.4	2.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	695	655	40	2.3	4.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	730	720	10	2.4	4.7	0.1
48. Precision production	345	325	15	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,325	975	350	4.4	6.4	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,250	915	335	4.1	6.0	2.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	75	60	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
Health and related fields	2,605	350	2,260	8.6	2.3	14.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,500	295	2,205	8.2	1.9	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	755	290	460	2.5	1.9	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	530	90	440	1.7	0.6	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	90	80	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	120	110	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	30,370	15,240	15,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,860	9,160	7,700	55.5	60.1	50.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,510	6,080	7,430	44.5	39.9	49.1
Location of study inside Canada	10,880	4,735	6,145	35.8	31.1	40.6
Same as province or territory of residence	9,540	4,130	5,410	31.4	27.1	35.8
Different than province or territory of residence	1,340	610	735	4.4	4.0	4.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,630	1,345	1,285	8.7	8.8	8.5
Americas	420	195	225	1.4	1.3	1.5
United States of America	300	150	150	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mexico	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	980	545	440	3.2	3.6	2.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	520	300	215	1.7	2.0	1.4
Netherlands	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	100	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ukraine	185	85	100	0.6	0.6	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	115	40	70	0.4	0.3	0.5
Nigeria	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asia	1,100	550	545	3.6	3.6	3.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Philippines	625	330	300	2.1	2.2	2.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	155	70	85	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pakistan	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	195	85	105	0.6	0.6	0.7
Oceania	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	48,875	24,460	24,415	...	...	...
In the labour force	32,200	18,275	13,925	...	...	...
Employed	30,665	17,545	13,120	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,535	735	800	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	16,680	6,190	10,490	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.9	74.7	57.0	65.9	74.7	57.0
Employment rate	62.7	71.7	53.7	62.7	71.7	53.7
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.0	5.7	4.8	4.0	5.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	48,880	24,460	24,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	16,170	5,975	10,195	33.1	24.4	41.7
Worked	32,710	18,480	14,225	66.9	75.6	58.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	18,215	12,240	5,975	37.3	50.0	24.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	14,490	6,245	8,250	29.6	25.5	33.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	44.0	40.9	42.6	44.0	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	32,200	18,275	13,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	175	230	1.3	1.0	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	31,795	18,100	13,695	98.7	99.0	98.3
Employee	25,365	13,825	11,545	78.8	75.6	82.9
Permanent position	21,535	11,975	9,555	66.9	65.5	68.6
Temporary position	3,835	1,845	1,990	11.9	10.1	14.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	920	425	495	2.9	2.3	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,915	1,420	1,495	9.1	7.8	10.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,425	4,280	2,145	20.0	23.4	15.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	32,200	18,275	13,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	175	230	1.3	1.0	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	31,795	18,100	13,695	98.7	99.0	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	285	190	100	0.9	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,125	1,280	2,845	12.8	7.0	20.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,005	845	160	3.1	4.6	1.1
3 Health occupations	2,290	355	1,935	7.1	1.9	13.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,200	820	2,380	9.9	4.5	17.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	525	195	330	1.6	1.1	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	6,445	2,415	4,030	20.0	13.2	28.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,150	6,800	355	22.2	37.2	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,650	2,860	795	11.3	15.6	5.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,120	2,345	780	9.7	12.8	5.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	32,200	18,275	13,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	175	230	1.3	1.0	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	31,795	18,100	13,695	98.7	99.0	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,400	3,225	1,175	13.7	17.6	8.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	75	75	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	105	95	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
23 Construction	3,005	2,725	275	9.3	14.9	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,115	3,955	1,165	15.9	21.6	8.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,060	840	220	3.3	4.6	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	2,980	1,405	1,570	9.3	7.7	11.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,605	1,345	260	5.0	7.4	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	275	120	160	0.9	0.7	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	660	240	425	2.0	1.3	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	220	125	95	0.7	0.7	0.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	885	390	495	2.7	2.1	3.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	820	420	400	2.5	2.3	2.9
61 Educational services	2,485	650	1,835	7.7	3.6	13.2
62 Health care and social assistance	4,095	560	3,530	12.7	3.1	25.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	330	190	145	1.0	1.0	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,330	375	960	4.1	2.1	6.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,530	880	645	4.8	4.8	4.6
91 Public administration	800	485	315	2.5	2.7	2.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	34,970	19,590	15,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	32,155	18,045	14,115	92.0	92.1	91.8
French	210	85	130	0.6	0.4	0.8
Non-official language	280	170	110	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	280	170	110	0.8	0.9	0.7
English and French	660	315	350	1.9	1.6	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,620	965	660	4.6	4.9	4.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	34,970	19,590	15,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	34,650	19,380	15,265	99.1	98.9	99.3
Official languages	34,115	19,055	15,055	97.6	97.3	97.9
English	33,745	18,905	14,840	96.5	96.5	96.5
French	365	150	220	1.0	0.8	1.4
Non-official languages	540	330	205	1.5	1.7	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	540	330	205	1.5	1.7	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	520	325	195	1.5	1.7	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	435	280	155	1.2	1.4	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	260	150	110	0.7	0.8	0.7
German	260	150	110	0.7	0.8	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	175	130	45	0.5	0.7	0.3
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	140	100	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	325	210	115	0.9	1.1	0.7
English and French	125	70	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	190	135	60	0.5	0.7	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	34,970	19,590	15,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	32,945	18,490	14,455	94.2	94.4	94.0
English	375	215	160	1.1	1.1	1.0
French	395	185	210	1.1	0.9	1.4
Non-official language	1,130	640	490	3.2	3.3	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,110	630	480	3.2	3.2	3.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	30,665	17,545	13,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,235	2,460	1,780	13.8	14.0	13.6
Worked outside Canada	105	95	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,350	3,490	865	14.2	19.9	6.6
Usual place of work	21,975	11,505	10,470	71.7	65.6	79.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,975	11,510	10,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,200	5,750	5,450	51.0	50.0	52.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,465	4,565	3,895	38.5	39.7	37.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,270	1,165	1,100	10.3	10.1	10.5
Commute to a different province or territory	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	26,330	14,995	11,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	24,135	13,845	10,290	91.7	92.3	90.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	22,475	13,135	9,340	85.4	87.6	82.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,660	710	945	6.3	4.7	8.3
Public transit	90	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Walked	1,425	655	770	5.4	4.4	6.8
Bicycle	390	300	95	1.5	2.0	0.8
Other method	290	145	140	1.1	1.0	1.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	26,330	14,995	11,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,805	8,620	7,185	60.0	57.5	63.4
15 to 29 minutes	6,710	3,815	2,895	25.5	25.4	25.5
30 to 44 minutes	2,100	1,360	745	8.0	9.1	6.6
45 to 59 minutes	715	420	295	2.7	2.8	2.6
60 minutes and over	990	775	215	3.8	5.2	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	26,330	14,995	11,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,510	1,130	380	5.7	7.5	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,605	3,955	1,650	21.3	26.4	14.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,915	5,170	2,745	30.1	34.5	24.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,070	2,500	3,570	23.1	16.7	31.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,075	730	1,345	7.9	4.9	11.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,155	1,515	1,640	12.0	10.1	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,375	9,490	8,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,130	575	555	6.1	6.1	6.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,245	8,915	8,330	93.9	93.9	93.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,165	6,845	6,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	815	420	390	6.2	6.1	6.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	435	215	220	3.3	3.1	3.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	375	205	170	2.8	3.0	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,350	6,425	5,925	93.8	93.9	93.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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