Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	InterlakeMore information: Manitoba [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	98,028	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	91,862^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,140	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,934	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	15,858.13	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	98,025	49,410	48,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,755	8,635	8,120	17.1	17.5	16.7
0 to 4 years	5,030	2,565	2,465	5.1	5.2	5.1
5 to 9 years	5,750	3,010	2,745	5.9	6.1	5.6
10 to 14 years	5,970	3,060	2,915	6.1	6.2	6.0
15 to 64 years	60,405	30,605	29,800	61.6	61.9	61.3
15 to 19 years	5,685	2,965	2,720	5.8	6.0	5.6
20 to 24 years	5,200	2,770	2,425	5.3	5.6	5.0
25 to 29 years	5,030	2,640	2,390	5.1	5.3	4.9
30 to 34 years	5,370	2,755	2,615	5.5	5.6	5.4
35 to 39 years	5,340	2,670	2,665	5.4	5.4	5.5
40 to 44 years	5,375	2,720	2,655	5.5	5.5	5.5
45 to 49 years	5,870	2,910	2,955	6.0	5.9	6.1
50 to 54 years	6,440	3,180	3,260	6.6	6.4	6.7
55 to 59 years	8,080	3,990	4,090	8.2	8.1	8.4
60 to 64 years	8,030	3,995	4,035	8.2	8.1	8.3
65 years and over	20,870	10,170	10,695	21.3	20.6	22.0
65 to 69 years	7,115	3,670	3,445	7.3	7.4	7.1
70 to 74 years	5,710	2,785	2,925	5.8	5.6	6.0
75 to 79 years	3,650	1,830	1,820	3.7	3.7	3.7
80 to 84 years	2,275	1,090	1,185	2.3	2.2	2.4
85 years and over	2,120	795	1,325	2.2	1.6	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,385	555	825	1.4	1.1	1.7
90 to 94 years	545	185	355	0.6	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	155	50	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	40	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.1	17.5	16.7	17.1	17.5	16.7
15 to 64 years	61.6	61.9	61.3	61.6	61.9	61.3
65 years and over	21.3	20.6	22.0	21.3	20.6	22.0
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.7	2.2	1.6	2.7
Average age of the population	43.1	42.4	43.8	43.1	42.4	43.8
Median age of the population	45.2	44.0	46.4	45.2	44.0	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,510	...	...	85.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	500	...	...	1.3	...	...
Row house	685	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,050	...	...	5.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	565	...	...	1.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,475	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,285	...	...	24.5	...	...
2 persons	14,720	...	...	38.8	...	...
3 persons	5,455	...	...	14.4	...	...
4 persons	5,205	...	...	13.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,270	...	...	8.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	94,360	47,390	46,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,270	40,775	40,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	50,320	25,045	25,280	61.9	61.4	62.4
Married	42,085	20,955	21,130	51.8	51.4	52.2
Living common-law	8,235	4,085	4,155	10.1	10.0	10.3
Living common law - Never married	5,475	2,725	2,745	6.7	6.7	6.8
Living common law - Separated	420	230	195	0.5	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,050	1,015	1,040	2.5	2.5	2.6
Living common law - Widowed	295	120	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	30,950	15,735	15,215	38.1	38.6	37.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,985	11,610	8,370	24.6	28.5	20.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,875	920	955	2.3	2.3	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,040	2,010	2,030	5.0	4.9	5.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,050	1,195	3,860	6.2	2.9	9.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,495	...	...	54.6	...	...
3 persons	5,405	...	...	19.1	...	...
4 persons	4,990	...	...	17.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,460	...	...	8.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,455	...	...	86.2	...	...
Married couples	20,340	...	...	71.7	...	...
With children⁶	9,490	...	...	33.5	...	...
Without children	10,845	...	...	38.2	...	...
Common-law couples	4,120	...	...	14.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,750	...	...	6.2	...	...
Without children	2,370	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,900	...	...	13.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,835	...	...	10.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,065	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	94,360	47,390	46,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	80,725	40,515	40,215	85.6	85.5	85.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,910	24,395	24,515	51.8	51.5	52.2
Parents in one-parent families	3,900	1,065	2,835	4.1	2.2	6.0
Children⁶	27,920	15,055	12,865	29.6	31.8	27.4
In a two-parent family	21,575	11,495	10,075	22.9	24.3	21.4
In a one-parent family	6,345	3,555	2,785	6.7	7.5	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,630	6,880	6,755	14.4	14.5	14.4
Living alone	9,290	4,625	4,660	9.8	9.8	9.9
Living with other relatives⁷	2,475	1,210	1,265	2.6	2.6	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	1,875	1,045	830	2.0	2.2	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,615	...	...	67.5	...	...
Couple-family households	22,660	...	...	59.7	...	...
With children⁶	10,350	...	...	27.3	...	...
Without children	12,310	...	...	32.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,955	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	880	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,055	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	950	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	9,285	...	...	24.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	78,075	38,990	39,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,905	37,920	37,980	97.2	97.3	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,800	36,000	41,600	48,800	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,950	37,950	38,000	97.3	97.3	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,000	32,400	36,400	42,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,660	34,890	33,770	87.9	89.5	86.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	43,600	28,200	35,200	43,600	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,970	28,455	25,515	69.1	73.0	65.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,200	30,800	37,200	45,200	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,835	33,525	34,310	86.9	86.0	87.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	7,200	10,200	9,000	7,200	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,925	3,915	4,005	10.2	10.0	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,000	5,480	5,720	6,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,670	7,315	8,350	20.1	18.8	21.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	78,095	38,995	39,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,980	37,950	38,025	97.3	97.3	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,700	65,100	44,400	54,700	65,100	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,025	37,980	38,050	97.3	97.4	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,920	50,640	37,240	43,920	50,640	37,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,465	34,795	33,670	87.7	89.2	86.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	61,900	38,480	50,400	61,900	38,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,965	28,380	25,585	69.1	72.8	65.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,480	60,050	39,840	50,480	60,050	39,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,040	33,480	34,560	87.1	85.9	88.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,430	11,350	10,400	9,430	11,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,915	3,890	4,030	10.1	10.0	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,280	7,140	7,410	7,280	7,140	7,410
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,475	7,220	8,255	19.8	18.5	21.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,410	8,160	8,620	8,410	8,160	8,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	78,095	38,995	39,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,580	15,510	11,075	34.0	39.8	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	68,500	55,200	62,400	68,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,800	85,500	62,200	75,800	85,500	62,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,005	9,120	10,890	25.6	23.4	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	20,200	17,600	18,600	20,200	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,600	33,080	24,820	28,600	33,080	24,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.0	87.2	76.8	83.0	87.2	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.4	69.0	60.4	65.4	69.0	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.0	12.8	23.2	17.0	12.8	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	3.0	5.6	4.0	3.0	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.1	2.4	4.2	3.1	2.4	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	78,080	38,990	39,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,175	1,065	1,105	2.8	2.7	2.8
With total income	75,900	37,925	37,980	97.2	97.3	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,860	3,190	3,670	9.0	8.4	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,570	3,430	5,135	11.3	9.0	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	11,430	4,765	6,665	15.1	12.6	17.5
$30,000 to $39,999	9,630	4,145	5,490	12.7	10.9	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,615	3,950	4,665	11.4	10.4	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,945	3,530	3,415	9.2	9.3	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,405	3,005	2,400	7.1	7.9	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,335	2,620	1,715	5.7	6.9	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,505	2,105	1,400	4.6	5.6	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,805	1,620	1,180	3.7	4.3	3.1
$100,000 and over	7,805	5,560	2,250	10.3	14.7	5.9
$100,000 to $149,999	5,400	3,750	1,650	7.1	9.9	4.3
$150,000 and over	2,405	1,805	600	3.2	4.8	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	78,080	38,990	39,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,130	1,045	1,090	2.7	2.7	2.8
With after-tax income	75,945	37,945	37,995	97.3	97.3	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,405	3,365	4,040	9.8	8.9	10.6
$10,000 to $19,999	9,315	3,765	5,550	12.3	9.9	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	13,465	5,615	7,855	17.7	14.8	20.7
$30,000 to $39,999	11,620	5,245	6,375	15.3	13.8	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	9,865	4,950	4,915	13.0	13.0	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,330	4,165	3,165	9.7	11.0	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,545	3,335	2,210	7.3	8.8	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,145	2,425	1,715	5.5	6.4	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,445	1,610	835	3.2	4.2	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,475	1,005	475	1.9	2.6	1.3
$100,000 and over	3,340	2,475	865	4.4	6.5	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,675	1,235	440	2.2	3.3	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,665	1,240	420	2.2	3.3	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	78,080	38,990	39,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,110	10,535	13,575	30.9	27.0	34.7
With employment income	53,970	28,455	25,515	69.1	73.0	65.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,830	3,980	3,850	14.5	14.0	15.1
$5,000 to $9,999	4,100	1,800	2,295	7.6	6.3	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,275	2,800	3,475	11.6	9.8	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,195	2,280	2,910	9.6	8.0	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,010	2,265	2,745	9.3	8.0	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,465	2,090	2,375	8.3	7.3	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	3,955	2,130	1,830	7.3	7.5	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,385	1,975	1,415	6.3	6.9	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,965	1,840	1,120	5.5	6.5	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,670	1,600	1,070	4.9	5.6	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,215	1,300	915	4.1	4.6	3.6
$100,000 and over	5,910	4,400	1,515	11.0	15.5	5.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,935	2,085	850	5.4	7.3	3.3
$125,000 and over	2,975	2,310	660	5.5	8.1	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	78,075	38,990	39,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,850	36,785	37,070	94.6	94.3	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,800	34,400	40,800	48,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,885	36,785	37,100	94.6	94.3	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,000	30,800	35,600	42,000	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,815	34,385	33,425	86.9	88.2	85.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	45,600	30,000	36,800	45,600	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,605	28,615	25,985	69.9	73.4	66.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,800	32,000	38,400	46,800	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,920	31,310	31,605	80.6	80.3	80.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	1,980	7,050	5,080	1,980	7,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,715	3,385	3,330	8.6	8.7	8.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	7,400	5,680	6,650	7,400	5,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	78,095	38,995	39,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,820	36,800	37,025	94.5	94.4	94.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,600	62,550	42,720	52,600	62,550	42,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,850	36,805	37,045	94.6	94.4	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,240	48,880	35,640	42,240	48,880	35,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,585	34,315	33,275	86.5	88.0	85.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,960	60,450	39,160	49,960	60,450	39,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,685	28,560	26,120	70.0	73.2	66.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,960	59,000	40,120	49,960	59,000	40,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,090	31,265	31,825	80.8	80.2	81.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,020	7,290	8,740	8,020	7,290	8,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,975	3,600	3,375	8.9	9.2	8.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,980	7,930	8,020	7,980	7,930	8,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	78,095	38,995	39,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,380	15,395	10,985	33.8	39.5	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	67,500	52,800	60,400	67,500	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,300	79,900	59,300	71,300	79,900	59,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,825	8,570	10,255	24.1	22.0	26.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,000	22,800	24,400	28,000	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,280	40,080	29,440	34,280	40,080	29,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.0	90.0	82.4	87.0	90.0	82.4
Employment income (%)	70.4	73.2	66.2	70.4	73.2	66.2
Government transfers (%)	13.0	9.9	17.6	13.0	9.9	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,600	...	...	109,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,520	...	...	48,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,320	...	...	40,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,655	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,400	...	...	129,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,500	...	...	103,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	380	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	405	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	525	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,380	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,215	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,130	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,390	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,415	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,425	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,790	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,640	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,505	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,370	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,165	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,935	...	...	42.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,540	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,415	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,280	...	...	11.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,705	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	455	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	270	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	435	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	560	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,515	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,425	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,380	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,700	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,785	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,665	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,345	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,210	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,090	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,745	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,330	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,020	...	...	31.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,560	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,075	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,390	...	...	11.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,380	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,155	5,670	5,485	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	43,200	36,000	39,200	43,200	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	37,200	32,400	34,800	37,200	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,400	...	...	129,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,300	...	...	113,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,300	...	...	90,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,200	...	...	129,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,400	...	...	78,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	67,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,220	5,685	5,535	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,040	49,760	44,240	47,040	49,760	44,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	40,680	37,680	39,200	40,680	37,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	94,355	47,390	46,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,695	10,185	9,510	20.9	21.5	20.2
0 to 5 years	5,980	3,025	2,955	6.3	6.4	6.3
18 to 64 years	54,945	27,460	27,485	58.2	57.9	58.5
65 years and over	19,725	9,745	9,980	20.9	20.6	21.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,410	5,445	5,960	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,305	1,690	1,610	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,120	555	565	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,410	2,615	2,795	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,700	1,140	1,560	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.1	11.5	12.7	12.1	11.5	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	16.8	16.6	16.9	16.8	16.6	16.9
0 to 5 years (%)	18.7	18.3	19.1	18.7	18.3	19.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.5	10.2	9.9	9.5	10.2
65 years and over (%)	13.7	11.7	15.6	13.7	11.7	15.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	90,295	45,360	44,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,025	9,325	8,695	20.0	20.6	19.4
0 to 5 years	5,370	2,730	2,640	5.9	6.0	5.9
18 to 64 years	52,805	26,415	26,390	58.5	58.2	58.7
65 years and over	19,470	9,620	9,845	21.6	21.2	21.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,585	1,370	1,215	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	600	310	285	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	175	95	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,715	920	795	...	...	...
65 years and over	270	140	130	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.9	3.0	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.7	2.8	3.2	3.7	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.5	3.0	3.2	3.5	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	94,355	47,390	46,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,015	22,970	24,045	49.8	48.5	51.2
In bottom decile	9,555	4,660	4,900	10.1	9.8	10.4
In second decile	9,935	4,635	5,295	10.5	9.8	11.3
In third decile	9,225	4,540	4,680	9.8	9.6	10.0
In fourth decile	9,285	4,615	4,665	9.8	9.7	9.9
In fifth decile	9,015	4,515	4,500	9.6	9.5	9.6
In top half of the distribution	47,345	24,425	22,925	50.2	51.5	48.8
In sixth decile	9,740	4,995	4,745	10.3	10.5	10.1
In seventh decile	9,865	5,010	4,855	10.5	10.6	10.3
In eighth decile	10,130	5,275	4,860	10.7	11.1	10.3
In ninth decile	9,335	4,860	4,475	9.9	10.3	9.5
In top decile	8,270	4,275	3,985	8.8	9.0	8.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	94,360	...	...	94,360	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.342	...	...	0.342	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	96,095	48,090	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	90,585	45,720	44,865	94.3	95.1	93.4
French only	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,100	2,185	2,920	5.3	4.5	6.1
Neither English nor French	395	180	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	96,095	48,090	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	94,430	47,295	47,140	98.3	98.3	98.2
French	1,230	605	625	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	375	170	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	96,095	48,090	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,175	47,210	46,960	98.0	98.2	97.8
Official languages	83,480	42,075	41,410	86.9	87.5	86.3
English	82,085	41,395	40,695	85.4	86.1	84.8
French	1,395	680	715	1.5	1.4	1.5
Non-official languages	10,695	5,140	5,555	11.1	10.7	11.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	590	260	325	0.6	0.5	0.7
Algonquian languages	550	250	305	0.6	0.5	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	495	230	270	0.5	0.5	0.6
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	485	220	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway, n.o.s.	260	110	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,110	4,880	5,235	10.5	10.1	10.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	480	220	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	425	195	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,015	4,355	4,660	9.4	9.1	9.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,315	1,105	1,210	2.4	2.3	2.5
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,305	1,105	1,205	2.4	2.3	2.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	640	300	340	0.7	0.6	0.7
Russian	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,165	550	620	1.2	1.1	1.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,650	2,200	2,450	4.8	4.6	5.1
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,405	1,555	1,845	3.5	3.2	3.8
German	3,365	1,540	1,825	3.5	3.2	3.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,005	520	485	1.0	1.1	1.0
Afrikaans	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	635	320	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,005	530	480	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	970	510	460	1.0	1.1	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	860	445	415	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	990	490	500	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	555	290	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	230	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,920	880	1,045	2.0	1.8	2.2
English and French	350	150	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,430	665	765	1.5	1.4	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	96,095	48,090	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	86,970	43,810	43,160	90.5	91.1	89.9
French	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	2,665	1,250	1,410	2.8	2.6	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,630	1,240	1,385	2.7	2.6	2.9
English and French	680	310	370	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	5,380	2,535	2,840	5.6	5.3	5.9
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	96,095	48,090	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,060	47,590	47,470	98.9	99.0	98.9
Official languages	90,800	45,570	45,230	94.5	94.8	94.2
English	90,550	45,455	45,095	94.2	94.5	93.9
French	250	115	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	4,260	2,020	2,240	4.4	4.2	4.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,170	1,990	2,185	4.3	4.1	4.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	240	130	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,590	1,690	1,900	3.7	3.5	4.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	545	270	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	545	270	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,985	885	1,100	2.1	1.8	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,630	700	930	1.7	1.5	1.9
German	1,625	700	925	1.7	1.5	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	325	170	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	790	400	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	755	385	375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	670	335	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,040	500	540	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and French	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	915	440	475	1.0	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	96,100	48,090	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	90,710	45,575	45,135	94.4	94.8	94.0
English	1,390	660	725	1.4	1.4	1.5
French	520	235	285	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	3,005	1,395	1,610	3.1	2.9	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	250	100	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	2,755	1,295	1,465	2.9	2.7	3.1
English and French	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	94,355	47,390	46,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	94,000	47,250	46,750	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	93,985	47,235	46,755	99.6	99.7	99.5
French	5,070	2,020	3,055	5.4	4.3	6.5
Non-official languages	12,415	6,035	6,380	13.2	12.7	13.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,005	440	565	1.1	0.9	1.2
Algonquian languages	885	375	510	0.9	0.8	1.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	140	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	140	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	760	345	420	0.8	0.7	0.9
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	750	345	410	0.8	0.7	0.9
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	320	135	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ojibway, n.o.s.	410	195	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,425	5,605	5,815	12.1	11.8	12.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	105	75	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	600	250	345	0.6	0.5	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	600	250	345	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,850	4,880	4,970	10.4	10.3	10.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,225	1,550	1,675	3.4	3.3	3.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,220	1,550	1,670	3.4	3.3	3.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	920	460	460	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	755	370	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	145	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	1,560	730	835	1.7	1.5	1.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,995	2,060	1,935	4.2	4.3	4.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,845	1,485	1,360	3.0	3.1	2.9
German	2,790	1,450	1,340	3.0	3.1	2.9
Pennsylvania German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,060	525	535	1.1	1.1	1.1
Afrikaans	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	675	350	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	250	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	210	120	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Norwegian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,145	580	565	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,075	540	535	1.1	1.1	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindi	320	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	930	460	470	1.0	1.0	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,030	995	1,040	2.2	2.1	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	305	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	825	390	440	0.9	0.8	0.9
Romanian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	935	460	470	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	195	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	185	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	150	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,360	47,390	46,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	20,300	9,970	10,330	21.5	21.0	22.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	19,900	9,830	10,075	21.1	20.7	21.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,400	4,030	4,370	8.9	8.5	9.3
Métis	11,470	5,780	5,685	12.2	12.2	12.1
Inuk (Inuit)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	275	85	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	74,060	37,425	36,640	78.5	79.0	78.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,360	47,390	46,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	7,710	3,685	4,025	8.2	7.8	8.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	86,645	43,705	42,945	91.8	92.2	91.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	31,425	...	...	82.8	...	...
Renter	5,745	...	...	15.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	760	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,620	...	...	4.3	...	...
Not condominium	36,310	...	...	95.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	2,285	...	...	6.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,900	...	...	20.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,980	...	...	44.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,655	...	...	28.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,345	...	...	16.7	...	...
5 rooms	7,145	...	...	18.8	...	...
6 rooms	7,005	...	...	18.5	...	...
7 rooms	5,275	...	...	13.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,165	...	...	32.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,460	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	475	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,815	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,115	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,965	...	...	18.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,595	...	...	27.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,975	...	...	15.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,020	...	...	13.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,190	...	...	5.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,280	...	...	6.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,215	...	...	5.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,690	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,075	...	...	92.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,855	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,390	...	...	48.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,555	...	...	48.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	990	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	660	...	...	1.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,875	...	...	10.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,390	...	...	14.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,480	...	...	17.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,890	...	...	23.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,580	...	...	20.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,810	...	...	10.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,245	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	35,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,245	...	...	88.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,275	...	...	12.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,815	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,590	...	...	20.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,825	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not suitable only	820	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,300	...	...	6.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	355	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,345	...	...	80.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,780	...	...	7.9	...	...
Not in core need	32,280	...	...	92.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,240	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.3	...	...	56.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,182	...	...	1,182	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	344,000	...	...	344,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	370,000	...	...	370,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,350	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.7	...	...	22.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.1	...	...	30.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.6	...	...	21.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	957	...	...	957	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	760	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	32	...	...	32	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	167	...	...	167	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	94,355	47,390	46,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,900	4,385	4,515	9.4	9.3	9.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,685	4,285	4,395	9.2	9.0	9.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	6,275	3,070	3,210	6.7	6.5	6.8
Métis single ancestry	2,395	1,210	1,185	2.5	2.6	2.5
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,000	5,420	5,580	11.7	11.4	11.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,520	5,230	5,290	11.1	11.0	11.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,840	1,865	1,980	4.1	3.9	4.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,660	3,360	3,300	7.1	7.1	7.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	480	185	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	470	185	280	0.5	0.4	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	74,450	37,585	36,870	78.9	79.3	78.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	94,355	47,390	46,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	92,190	46,360	45,835	97.7	97.8	97.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,315	9,980	9,335	20.5	21.1	19.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	72,870	36,380	36,495	77.2	76.8	77.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,170	1,030	1,135	2.3	2.2	2.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	94,355	47,390	46,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	86,705	43,590	43,115	91.9	92.0	91.8
Immigrants⁸¹	7,335	3,620	3,715	7.8	7.6	7.9
Before 1980	2,735	1,360	1,380	2.9	2.9	2.9
1980 to 1990	955	475	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
1991 to 2000	730	320	410	0.8	0.7	0.9
2001 to 2010	1,420	770	650	1.5	1.6	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,495	700	795	1.6	1.5	1.7
2011 to 2015	640	290	350	0.7	0.6	0.7
2016 to 2021	855	410	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	315	180	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,335	3,620	3,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,050	520	530	14.3	14.4	14.2
5 to 14 years	1,735	935	800	23.7	25.8	21.5
15 to 24 years	1,725	810	915	23.5	22.4	24.6
25 to 44 years	2,460	1,175	1,285	33.5	32.5	34.5
45 years and over	365	185	175	5.0	5.1	4.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,335	3,620	3,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,350	625	725	18.4	17.3	19.5
Brazil	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	40	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.7
Guyana	45	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.7
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mexico	125	60	60	1.7	1.7	1.6
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.8
United States of America	540	225	315	7.4	6.2	8.5
Other places of birth in Americas	505	275	230	6.9	7.6	6.2
Europe	3,860	1,995	1,860	52.6	55.1	50.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	80	45	30	1.1	1.2	0.8
France	60	30	30	0.8	0.8	0.8
Germany	665	365	300	9.1	10.1	8.1
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	60	50	10	0.8	1.4	0.3
Italy	100	45	55	1.4	1.2	1.5
Netherlands	175	90	80	2.4	2.5	2.2
Poland	485	235	245	6.6	6.5	6.6
Portugal	410	205	200	5.6	5.7	5.4
Romania	30	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian Federation	105	60	45	1.4	1.7	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ukraine	360	185	175	4.9	5.1	4.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	930	475	455	12.7	13.1	12.2
Other places of birth in Europe	355	180	175	4.8	5.0	4.7
Africa	205	110	95	2.8	3.0	2.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	25	35	0.8	0.7	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	75	50	30	1.0	1.4	0.8
Asia	1,880	865	1,010	25.6	23.9	27.2
Afghanistan	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	0	30	0.5	0.0	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	65	35	35	0.9	1.0	0.9
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	590	255	335	8.0	7.0	9.0
Viet Nam	75	40	40	1.0	1.1	1.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	745	350	395	10.2	9.7	10.6
Pakistan	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	215	110	105	2.9	3.0	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	855	410	445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	235	100	135	27.5	24.4	30.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.2
United States of America	125	55	75	14.6	13.4	16.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	80	30	45	9.4	7.3	10.1
Europe	145	75	70	17.0	18.3	15.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	25	20	10	2.9	4.9	2.2
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	35	10	30	4.1	2.4	6.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	10	1.2	2.4	2.2
Other places of birth in Europe	35	15	20	4.1	3.7	4.5
Africa	25	15	10	2.9	3.7	2.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	440	220	225	51.5	53.7	50.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	280	115	160	32.7	28.0	36.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	15	4.1	4.9	3.4
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	30	20	6.4	7.3	4.5
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	1.2	2.4	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	25	20	5.3	6.1	4.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.2
Australia	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	94,360	47,390	46,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,280	4,100	4,180	8.8	8.7	8.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,905	6,930	6,980	14.7	14.6	14.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	72,170	36,355	35,815	76.5	76.7	76.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,600	2,260	2,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,565	1,335	1,225	55.8	59.1	52.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	910	640	275	19.8	28.3	11.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,655	700	955	36.0	31.0	40.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,590	690	900	34.6	30.5	38.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	405	220	185	8.8	9.7	7.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	15	25	0.8	0.7	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,600	2,260	2,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	15	25	1.0	0.7	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	520	290	230	11.3	12.8	9.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	135	85	50	2.9	3.8	2.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	180	85	95	3.9	3.8	4.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,700	1,780	1,920	80.4	78.8	82.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	94,360	47,390	46,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,270	2,090	2,180	4.5	4.4	4.6
South Asian	1,460	745	715	1.5	1.6	1.5
Chinese	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Black	515	275	240	0.5	0.6	0.5
Filipino	1,085	520	565	1.1	1.1	1.2
Arab	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	255	110	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	175	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	210	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	90,090	45,305	44,785	95.5	95.6	95.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	94,355	47,390	46,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,680	4,390	4,290	9.2	9.3	9.1
English	19,455	9,445	10,005	20.6	19.9	21.3
Irish	12,590	5,840	6,745	13.3	12.3	14.4
Scottish	17,835	8,640	9,200	18.9	18.2	19.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,505	4,625	4,880	10.1	9.8	10.4
German	17,600	8,985	8,615	18.7	19.0	18.3
Chinese	395	165	235	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italian	1,920	910	1,010	2.0	1.9	2.2
Indian (India)	850	450	405	0.9	0.9	0.9
Ukrainian	20,740	10,540	10,200	22.0	22.2	21.7
Dutch	3,875	1,970	1,905	4.1	4.2	4.1
Polish	10,360	5,320	5,040	11.0	11.2	10.7
Québécois	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,110	1,110	1,005	2.2	2.3	2.1
Filipino	1,165	555	605	1.2	1.2	1.3
French Canadian	610	320	290	0.6	0.7	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	735	380	355	0.8	0.8	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,660	2,685	2,980	6.0	5.7	6.3
Métis	9,730	4,850	4,880	10.3	10.2	10.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	995	515	485	1.1	1.1	1.0
Russian	2,990	1,475	1,510	3.2	3.1	3.2
Norwegian	1,750	825	920	1.9	1.7	2.0
Welsh	1,750	780	965	1.9	1.6	2.1
Portuguese	1,575	790	785	1.7	1.7	1.7
American	650	305	345	0.7	0.6	0.7
Spanish	415	160	260	0.4	0.3	0.6
Swedish	2,170	1,050	1,120	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hungarian	860	455	405	0.9	1.0	0.9
Acadian	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	425	205	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
Punjabi	340	185	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Vietnamese	160	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Greek	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	195	125	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,555	775	780	1.6	1.6	1.7
Korean	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	385	195	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	255	110	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	835	385	455	0.9	0.8	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,195	600	600	1.3	1.3	1.3
Sikh	250	110	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austrian	1,435	710	725	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belgian	1,590	745	845	1.7	1.6	1.8
Haitian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mexican	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	2,540	1,270	1,270	2.7	2.7	2.7
Swiss	455	210	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Finnish	355	180	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	310	175	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japanese	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	440	210	225	0.5	0.4	0.5
Muslim	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	7,410	3,685	3,725	7.9	7.8	7.9
Colombian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	345	175	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	150	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	1,745	860	880	1.8	1.8	1.9
Newfoundlander	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Australian	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	245	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bulgarian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	320	130	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	395	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	410	210	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	270	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	94,360	47,390	46,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	50,565	24,105	26,460	53.6	50.9	56.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,705	4,230	4,475	9.2	8.9	9.5
Anabaptist	1,700	870	830	1.8	1.8	1.8
Anglican	4,815	2,125	2,690	5.1	4.5	5.7
Baptist	1,200	550	650	1.3	1.2	1.4
Catholic	18,255	8,960	9,290	19.3	18.9	19.8
Christian Orthodox	815	395	425	0.9	0.8	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	240	95	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	4,935	2,380	2,555	5.2	5.0	5.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,385	580	800	1.5	1.2	1.7
Presbyterian	455	230	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reformed	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
United Church	5,380	2,360	3,020	5.7	5.0	6.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,270	1,140	1,130	2.4	2.4	2.4
Hindu	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	295	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	890	415	470	0.9	0.9	1.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	575	230	345	0.6	0.5	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	710	300	410	0.8	0.6	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	40,700	21,890	18,810	43.1	46.2	40.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	93,475	46,895	46,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	85,145	42,795	42,355	91.1	91.3	90.9
Movers	8,325	4,105	4,225	8.9	8.8	9.1
Non-migrants	3,315	1,620	1,700	3.5	3.5	3.7
Migrants	5,015	2,490	2,525	5.4	5.3	5.4
Internal migrants	4,845	2,420	2,425	5.2	5.2	5.2
Intraprovincial migrants	4,230	2,110	2,115	4.5	4.5	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	615	305	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
External migrants	170	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	89,505	44,850	44,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,425	30,680	29,745	67.5	68.4	66.6
Movers	29,085	14,165	14,915	32.5	31.6	33.4
Non-migrants	6,280	3,030	3,250	7.0	6.8	7.3
Migrants	22,800	11,140	11,660	25.5	24.8	26.1
Internal migrants	21,930	10,775	11,155	24.5	24.0	25.0
Intraprovincial migrants	19,910	9,815	10,100	22.2	21.9	22.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,015	965	1,055	2.3	2.2	2.4
External migrants	875	365	510	1.0	0.8	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,095	38,995	39,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,600	10,085	7,520	22.5	25.9	19.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,495	28,915	31,575	77.5	74.2	80.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,845	23,695	24,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,095	4,420	2,680	14.8	18.7	11.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	40,750	19,270	21,470	85.2	81.3	88.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,090	39,000	39,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,455	8,745	6,705	19.8	22.4	17.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,855	12,950	12,900	33.1	33.2	33.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,785	17,295	19,485	47.1	44.3	49.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,635	12,570	12,065	31.5	32.2	30.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,085	5,520	1,565	9.1	14.2	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,675	1,685	990	3.4	4.3	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,410	3,840	570	5.6	9.8	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,090	5,960	9,130	19.3	15.3	23.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,470	1,095	1,370	3.2	2.8	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,145	4,725	7,425	15.6	12.1	19.0
Bachelor's degree	8,985	3,425	5,555	11.5	8.8	14.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,120	375	750	1.4	1.0	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	170	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	1,490	645	845	1.9	1.7	2.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	210	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,845	23,695	24,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,115	3,845	2,270	12.8	16.2	9.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,430	7,985	7,445	32.2	33.7	30.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,305	11,865	14,440	55.0	50.1	59.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,200	8,615	8,590	35.9	36.4	35.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,595	3,635	965	9.6	15.3	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,600	990	615	3.3	4.2	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,000	2,645	350	6.3	11.2	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,835	4,200	6,630	22.6	17.7	27.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,765	775	990	3.7	3.3	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,110	3,255	5,855	19.0	13.7	24.2
Bachelor's degree	6,880	2,500	4,380	14.4	10.6	18.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	765	205	560	1.6	0.9	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	105	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	1,080	380	700	2.3	1.6	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	140	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	78,090	39,000	39,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,310	21,705	19,610	52.9	55.7	50.2
Education	3,605	840	2,760	4.6	2.2	7.1
13. Education	3,605	840	2,760	4.6	2.2	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	730	300	430	0.9	0.8	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	635	245	395	0.8	0.6	1.0
Humanities	1,260	470	790	1.6	1.2	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	175	40	140	0.2	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	455	125	330	0.6	0.3	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	265	140	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,860	805	2,055	3.7	2.1	5.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	740	25	715	0.9	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	495	150	350	0.6	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	535	120	420	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	820	405	415	1.1	1.0	1.1
Business, management and public administration	7,135	2,500	4,635	9.1	6.4	11.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	700	145	555	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,400	2,350	4,045	8.2	6.0	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,010	495	515	1.3	1.3	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	360	150	205	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	380	175	205	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	155	130	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	895	515	380	1.1	1.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	720	460	260	0.9	1.2	0.7
25. Library science	75	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,595	8,175	420	11.0	21.0	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	635	560	80	0.8	1.4	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,730	1,570	160	2.2	4.0	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,535	2,495	35	3.2	6.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,675	2,580	90	3.4	6.6	0.2
48. Precision production	955	925	30	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,455	990	465	1.9	2.5	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,200	825	375	1.5	2.1	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	165	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	6,895	1,025	5,875	8.8	2.6	15.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	140	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,430	830	5,600	8.2	2.1	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,335	1,180	1,160	3.0	3.0	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,235	245	985	1.6	0.6	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	475	345	125	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	610	570	45	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,845	23,695	24,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,540	11,825	9,710	45.0	49.9	40.2
Education	2,360	495	1,870	4.9	2.1	7.7
13. Education	2,360	495	1,870	4.9	2.1	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	410	155	255	0.9	0.7	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	365	130	230	0.8	0.5	1.0
Humanities	850	290	560	1.8	1.2	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	85	15	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	355	90	265	0.7	0.4	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,290	560	1,730	4.8	2.4	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	45	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	615	20	595	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	425	100	320	0.9	0.4	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	395	80	320	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	655	305	355	1.4	1.3	1.5
Business, management and public administration	5,290	1,840	3,455	11.1	7.8	14.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	540	95	440	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,720	1,745	2,980	9.9	7.4	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	660	265	390	1.4	1.1	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	75	175	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	100	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	85	65	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	645	390	255	1.3	1.6	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	570	365	200	1.2	1.5	0.8
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,015	5,675	340	12.6	24.0	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	510	445	65	1.1	1.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,190	1,060	130	2.5	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,835	1,805	35	3.8	7.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,910	1,830	80	4.0	7.7	0.3
48. Precision production	535	515	20	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,060	670	385	2.2	2.8	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	860	560	305	1.8	2.4	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	115	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	5,115	715	4,390	10.7	3.0	18.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	90	165	0.5	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,760	595	4,170	9.9	2.5	17.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,610	810	795	3.4	3.4	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	805	155	650	1.7	0.7	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	360	265	100	0.8	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	430	390	40	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	47,845	23,695	24,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,540	11,825	9,710	45.0	49.9	40.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	26,305	11,865	14,440	55.0	50.1	59.8
Location of study inside Canada	24,560	11,035	13,525	51.3	46.6	56.0
Same as province or territory of residence	22,065	9,790	12,280	46.1	41.3	50.8
Different than province or territory of residence	2,490	1,245	1,245	5.2	5.3	5.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,745	835	915	3.6	3.5	3.8
Americas	465	205	265	1.0	0.9	1.1
United States of America	400	185	210	0.8	0.8	0.9
Mexico	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	595	320	275	1.2	1.4	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	60	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	160	85	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Africa	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	620	280	335	1.3	1.2	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	230	95	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	300	140	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	78,090	39,000	39,095	...	...	...
In the labour force	47,825	25,320	22,500	...	...	...
Employed	44,150	23,325	20,825	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,675	1,995	1,670	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,270	13,675	16,595	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.2	64.9	57.6	61.2	64.9	57.6
Employment rate	56.5	59.8	53.3	56.5	59.8	53.3
Unemployment rate	7.7	7.9	7.4	7.7	7.9	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	78,090	39,000	39,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,655	13,275	16,375	38.0	34.0	41.9
Worked	48,440	25,720	22,720	62.0	65.9	58.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,340	16,020	11,310	35.0	41.1	28.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,105	9,695	11,410	27.0	24.9	29.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.9	41.1	42.0	42.9	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	47,825	25,325	22,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	940	455	490	2.0	1.8	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	46,880	24,870	22,010	98.0	98.2	97.8
Employee	39,265	19,760	19,510	82.1	78.0	86.7
Permanent position	32,850	16,780	16,070	68.7	66.3	71.4
Temporary position	6,415	2,980	3,440	13.4	11.8	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,505	540	965	3.1	2.1	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,910	2,440	2,470	10.3	9.6	11.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,615	5,110	2,505	15.9	20.2	11.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	47,825	25,325	22,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	940	455	490	2.0	1.8	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	46,880	24,870	22,010	98.0	98.2	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	690	460	230	1.4	1.8	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,320	1,740	5,585	15.3	6.9	24.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,995	1,515	485	4.2	6.0	2.2
3 Health occupations	4,095	700	3,390	8.6	2.8	15.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,345	1,935	4,410	13.3	7.6	19.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	800	275	530	1.7	1.1	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	9,520	4,070	5,450	19.9	16.1	24.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,010	10,125	890	23.0	40.0	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,355	2,585	770	7.0	10.2	3.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,745	1,465	275	3.6	5.8	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	47,825	25,325	22,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	940	455	490	2.0	1.8	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	46,880	24,870	22,010	98.0	98.2	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,175	2,240	940	6.6	8.8	4.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	360	315	40	0.8	1.2	0.2
22 Utilities	730	605	125	1.5	2.4	0.6
23 Construction	5,365	4,655	710	11.2	18.4	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	3,140	2,435	710	6.6	9.6	3.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,650	1,240	415	3.5	4.9	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	4,815	2,350	2,465	10.1	9.3	11.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,775	2,170	605	5.8	8.6	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	450	260	195	0.9	1.0	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,510	450	1,065	3.2	1.8	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	530	280	250	1.1	1.1	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,820	835	985	3.8	3.3	4.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,510	905	605	3.2	3.6	2.7
61 Educational services	4,035	1,070	2,970	8.4	4.2	13.2
62 Health care and social assistance	6,665	1,030	5,635	13.9	4.1	25.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	840	395	440	1.8	1.6	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,890	655	1,230	4.0	2.6	5.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,955	1,145	810	4.1	4.5	3.6
91 Public administration	3,620	1,820	1,800	7.6	7.2	8.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	51,675	27,345	24,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	50,435	26,785	23,650	97.6	98.0	97.2
French	80	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	115	90	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	105	80	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	480	115	360	0.9	0.4	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	560	340	225	1.1	1.2	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	51,675	27,345	24,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	51,560	27,285	24,270	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	51,335	27,130	24,200	99.3	99.2	99.5
English	51,160	27,100	24,055	99.0	99.1	98.9
French	170	30	145	0.3	0.1	0.6
Non-official languages	220	160	70	0.4	0.6	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	215	150	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	195	135	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	115	75	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	65	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	51,675	27,345	24,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,730	26,935	23,800	98.2	98.5	97.8
English	195	80	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
French	335	90	245	0.6	0.3	1.0
Non-official language	375	220	150	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	340	200	140	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	44,150	23,325	20,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,480	3,650	3,825	16.9	15.6	18.4
Worked outside Canada	80	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,365	5,025	1,340	14.4	21.5	6.4
Usual place of work	30,225	14,590	15,635	68.5	62.6	75.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,230	14,590	15,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,815	3,925	4,890	29.2	26.9	31.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,945	2,685	3,260	19.7	18.4	20.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,275	7,845	7,430	50.5	53.8	47.5
Commute to a different province or territory	190	140	50	0.6	1.0	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,590	19,615	16,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,930	18,255	15,675	92.7	93.1	92.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,885	17,410	14,470	87.1	88.8	85.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,050	840	1,205	5.6	4.3	7.1
Public transit	195	115	80	0.5	0.6	0.5
Walked	1,560	740	820	4.3	3.8	4.8
Bicycle	225	145	85	0.6	0.7	0.5
Other method	680	370	315	1.9	1.9	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,590	19,615	16,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,300	5,230	6,070	30.9	26.7	35.8
15 to 29 minutes	11,105	5,795	5,315	30.3	29.5	31.3
30 to 44 minutes	8,330	4,850	3,480	22.8	24.7	20.5
45 to 59 minutes	3,190	1,835	1,360	8.7	9.4	8.0
60 minutes and over	2,660	1,910	750	7.3	9.7	4.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,590	19,615	16,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,300	1,705	590	6.3	8.7	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,180	4,765	2,415	19.6	24.3	14.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,465	5,840	4,625	28.6	29.8	27.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,410	3,500	4,905	23.0	17.8	28.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,720	1,535	2,190	10.2	7.8	12.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,515	2,270	2,250	12.3	11.6	13.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,080	10,385	9,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,360	695	665	6.8	6.7	6.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,720	9,695	9,025	93.2	93.4	93.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,850	7,730	7,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,035	525	505	7.0	6.8	7.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	480	245	240	3.2	3.2	3.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550	285	265	3.7	3.7	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,815	7,205	6,610	93.0	93.2	92.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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