Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. John'sMore information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	212,579
Population, 2016¹	208,418^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.0
Total private dwellings²	97,429
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	89,999
Population density per square kilometre	228.2
Land area in square kilometres	931.56
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	212,580
0 to 14 years	31,570
0 to 4 years	9,135
5 to 9 years	10,775
10 to 14 years	11,655
15 to 64 years	142,400
15 to 19 years	11,235
20 to 24 years	13,645
25 to 29 years	13,605
30 to 34 years	14,630
35 to 39 years	15,020
40 to 44 years	14,735
45 to 49 years	14,490
50 to 54 years	14,850
55 to 59 years	15,570
60 to 64 years	14,610
65 years and over	38,615
65 to 69 years	12,870
70 to 74 years	10,645
75 to 79 years	7,185
80 to 84 years	4,325
85 years and over	3,585
85 to 89 years	2,280
90 to 94 years	985
95 to 99 years	285
100 years and over	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9
15 to 64 years	67.0
65 years and over	18.2
85 years and over	1.7
Average age of the population	42.1
Median age of the population	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	90,000
Single-detached house	49,215
Semi-detached house	4,210
Row house	6,285
Apartment or flat in a duplex	22,210
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,225
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	550
Other single-attached house	155
Movable dwelling⁴	150
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	90,000
1 person	25,505
2 persons	32,670
3 persons	15,195
4 persons	12,300
5 or more persons	4,330
Number of persons in private households	208,820
Average household size	2.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	181,015
Married or living common-law	102,295
Married	81,265
Living common-law	21,030
Living common law - Never married	16,500
Living common law - Separated	570
Living common law - Divorced	3,585
Living common law - Widowed	380
Not married and not living common-law	78,715
Not married and not living common law - Never married	54,140
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,030
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	10,715
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,830
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	60,900
2 persons	32,485
3 persons	14,155
4 persons	11,335
5 or more persons	2,925
Average size of census families	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	60,895
Total couple families	50,360
Married couples	39,840
With children⁶	20,855
Without children	18,995
Common-law couples	10,520
With children⁶	3,765
Without children	6,750
Total one-parent families	10,540
in which the parent is a woman+	8,305
in which the parent is a man+	2,230
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	208,820
Total - Persons in census families	168,150
Married spouses or common-law partners	100,720
Parents in one-parent families	10,540
Children⁶	56,890
In a two-parent family	41,545
In a one-parent family	15,350
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	40,665
Living alone	25,505
Living with other relatives⁷	4,855
Living with non-relatives only	10,315
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	90,000
One-census-family households without additional persons	55,320
Couple-family households	46,675
With children⁶	22,955
Without children	23,720
One-parent-family households	8,640
Multigenerational households⁸	1,905
Multiple-census-family households⁹	305
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,215
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,745
One-person households	25,505
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	177,280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	171,155
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	171,215
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	150,485
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	125,810
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	133,185
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,210
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,705
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	177,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	171,130
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	171,205
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	150,395
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	125,805
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,050
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	132,970
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,155
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,230
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,205
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	177,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	62,570
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	47,420
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	177,275
Without total income	6,120
With total income	171,160
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,495
$10,000 to $19,999	19,270
$20,000 to $29,999	26,135
$30,000 to $39,999	21,860
$40,000 to $49,999	19,920
$50,000 to $59,999	15,670
$60,000 to $69,999	12,150
$70,000 to $79,999	9,510
$80,000 to $89,999	7,710
$90,000 to $99,999	6,455
$100,000 and over	19,980
$100,000 to $149,999	12,980
$150,000 and over	7,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	177,275
Without after-tax income	6,060
With after-tax income	171,215
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,260
$10,000 to $19,999	20,180
$20,000 to $29,999	31,445
$30,000 to $39,999	26,665
$40,000 to $49,999	22,950
$50,000 to $59,999	16,765
$60,000 to $69,999	12,060
$70,000 to $79,999	9,235
$80,000 to $89,999	5,575
$90,000 to $99,999	3,560
$100,000 and over	9,520
$100,000 to $124,999	4,645
$125,000 and over	4,880
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	177,275
Without employment income	51,465
With employment income	125,805
Under $5,000 (including loss)	18,010
$5,000 to $9,999	9,590
$10,000 to $19,999	13,745
$20,000 to $29,999	10,950
$30,000 to $39,999	10,260
$40,000 to $49,999	10,890
$50,000 to $59,999	9,545
$60,000 to $69,999	8,120
$70,000 to $79,999	6,950
$80,000 to $89,999	6,145
$90,000 to $99,999	5,395
$100,000 and over	16,215
$100,000 to $124,999	7,040
$125,000 and over	9,170
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	177,280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	167,725
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	167,865
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	148,980
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	126,585
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	116,975
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20,835
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	177,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	167,845
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	167,955
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	149,140
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	127,135
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	116,865
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,805
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	177,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	62,225
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	44,500
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2
Employment income (%)	74.4
Government transfers (%)	11.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	90,000
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25,505
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	64,495
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	90,000
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	25,500
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,040
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,120
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	64,495
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,700
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	90,000
Under $5,000	620
$5,000 to $9,999	750
$10,000 to $14,999	1,410
$15,000 to $19,999	1,625
$20,000 to $24,999	3,680
$25,000 to $29,999	3,165
$30,000 to $34,999	3,140
$35,000 to $39,999	3,500
$40,000 to $44,999	3,445
$45,000 to $49,999	3,330
$50,000 to $59,999	6,245
$60,000 to $69,999	5,910
$70,000 to $79,999	5,635
$80,000 to $89,999	5,355
$90,000 to $99,999	4,835
$100,000 and over	37,355
$100,000 to $124,999	10,165
$125,000 to $149,999	7,790
$150,000 to $199,999	9,920
$200,000 and over	9,475
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	90,000
Under $5,000	685
$5,000 to $9,999	770
$10,000 to $14,999	1,425
$15,000 to $19,999	1,710
$20,000 to $24,999	4,080
$25,000 to $29,999	3,770
$30,000 to $34,999	3,685
$35,000 to $39,999	4,210
$40,000 to $44,999	4,200
$45,000 to $49,999	3,850
$50,000 to $59,999	7,510
$60,000 to $69,999	7,265
$70,000 to $79,999	6,765
$80,000 to $89,999	6,080
$90,000 to $99,999	5,340
$100,000 and over	28,650
$100,000 to $124,999	10,515
$125,000 to $149,999	7,180
$150,000 and over	10,955
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	60,870
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	24,050
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	24,945
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	9,905
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	35,815
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	60,925
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	24,055
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	24,975
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	169,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,885
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,900
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	35,805
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	208,815
0 to 17 years	38,155
0 to 5 years	11,270
18 to 64 years	134,370
65 years and over	36,295
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	23,495
0 to 17 years	5,025
0 to 5 years	1,650
18 to 64 years	13,410
65 years and over	5,060
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	13.2
0 to 5 years (%)	14.7
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0
65 years and over (%)	13.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	208,820
0 to 17 years	38,155
0 to 5 years	11,265
18 to 64 years	134,370
65 years and over	36,295
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,895
0 to 17 years	1,650
0 to 5 years	555
18 to 64 years	7,740
65 years and over	505
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3
0 to 5 years (%)	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8
65 years and over (%)	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	208,815
In bottom half of the distribution	99,385
In bottom decile	21,935
In second decile	20,015
In third decile	18,940
In fourth decile	19,065
In fifth decile	19,435
In top half of the distribution	109,435
In sixth decile	20,435
In seventh decile	21,530
In eighth decile	22,735
In ninth decile	23,375
In top decile	21,360
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	208,820
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.340
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.292
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	209,890
English only	192,310
French only	65
English and French	16,905
Neither English nor French	620
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	209,890
English	208,110
French	1,010
English and French	230
Neither English nor French	550
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	209,890
Single responses	207,770
Official languages	199,565
English	198,595
French	975
Non-official languages	8,205
Indigenous languages³⁹	30
Algonquian languages	15
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	10
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,180
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,600
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	10
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	60
Bilen	10
Oromo	30
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Semitic languages	1,530
Amharic	25
Arabic	1,325
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	15
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	160
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	645
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	25
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	20
Indonesian	20
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	545
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	60
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	5
Morisyen	35
Sango	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	270
Kannada	10
Malayalam	100
Tamil	115
Telugu	50
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	3,675
Albanian	45
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	390
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	385
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	35
Czech	20
Macedonian	0
Polish	55
Russian	180
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	50
Bosnian	10
Croatian	20
Serbian	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	370
Frisian	0
High German languages	175
German	175
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	95
Danish	35
Icelandic	15
Norwegian	40
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	35
Indo-Iranian languages	2,045
Indo-Aryan languages	1,605
Assamese	0
Bengali	545
Gujarati	125
Hindi	195
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	25
Nepali	45
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	360
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85
Urdu	215
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	435
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	50
Parsi	0
Pashto	15
Persian languages	370
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	325
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	770
Catalan	5
Italian	70
Portuguese	180
Romanian	30
Spanish	485
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	25
Korean	100
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	375
Akan (Twi)	55
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	5
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	30
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	65
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	10
Yoruba	90
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40
Nilo-Saharan languages	30
Dinka	15
Nuer	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	60
American Sign Language	45
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,105
Chinese languages	1,080
Hakka	5
Mandarin	780
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	230
Chinese, n.o.s.	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	10
Kuki-Chin languages	10
Karenic languages	10
S'gaw Karen	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	10
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	85
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	5
Turkish	50
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	40
Estonian	10
Finnish	10
Hungarian	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,125
English and French	580
English and non-official language(s)	1,330
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	50
Multiple non-official languages	110
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	209,890
English	198,985
French	260
Non-official language	2,170
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	2,170
English and French	1,545
English and non-official language(s)	6,420
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	330
Multiple non-official languages	150
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	209,890
Single responses	208,245
Official languages	203,735
English	203,300
French	440
Non-official languages	4,505
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,500
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,050
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	45
Bilen	10
Oromo	20
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,010
Amharic	5
Arabic	880
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	110
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	50
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	345
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	35
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	5
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	135
Kannada	5
Malayalam	50
Tamil	55
Telugu	30
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,840
Albanian	25
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	155
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	155
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	20
Russian	95
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	0
Croatian	5
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	70
Frisian	0
High German languages	30
German	30
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	15
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	5
Indo-Iranian languages	1,250
Indo-Aryan languages	910
Assamese	0
Bengali	300
Gujarati	65
Hindi	90
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	40
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40
Urdu	130
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	340
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	40
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	285
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	255
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	325
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	80
Romanian	10
Spanish	235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	55
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	135
Akan (Twi)	25
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	40
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	0
Nuer	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	105
American Sign Language	95
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	690
Chinese languages	675
Hakka	0
Mandarin	530
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	110
Chinese, n.o.s.	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	5
Karenic languages	5
S'gaw Karen	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	30
Azerbaijani	5
Kazakh	0
Turkish	20
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	20
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	1,645
English and French	210
English and non-official language(s)	1,390
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	20
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	209,890
None	202,800
English	2,025
French	1,260
Non-official language	2,860
Indigenous³⁹	50
Non-Indigenous	2,805
English and French	40
English and non-official language(s)	295
French and non-official language(s)	175
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	425
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	208,820
Official languages	208,195
English	208,120
French	17,005
Non-official languages	13,645
Indigenous languages³⁹	105
Algonquian languages	35
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	25
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	25
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10
Mi'kmaq	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	70
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	60
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,545
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,190
Berber languages	25
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	30
Hausa	30
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	40
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20
Semitic languages	2,130
Amharic	40
Arabic	1,790
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	100
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	230
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	140
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,000
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	55
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	45
Indonesian	60
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	800
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45
Creole languages	185
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	60
Sango	40
Creole, n.o.s.	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50
Dravidian languages	430
Kannada	0
Malayalam	185
Tamil	240
Telugu	75
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	6,895
Albanian	60
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	730
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	720
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	50
Czech	55
Macedonian	0
Polish	50
Russian	410
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	135
Bosnian	45
Croatian	40
Serbian	80
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	85
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	70
Irish	45
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25
Germanic languages	1,165
Frisian	0
High German languages	805
German	795
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	195
Afrikaans	45
Dutch	150
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	225
Danish	105
Icelandic	20
Norwegian	100
Swedish	40
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10
Greek	50
Indo-Iranian languages	2,930
Indo-Aryan languages	2,415
Assamese	0
Bengali	790
Gujarati	240
Hindi	1,130
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	10
Konkani	0
Marathi	15
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	645
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	110
Urdu	390
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30
Iranian languages	520
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	70
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	470
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	420
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Italic (Romance) languages	2,235
Catalan	30
Italian	385
Portuguese	320
Romanian	95
Spanish	1,550
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	160
Korean	165
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,015
Akan (Twi)	125
Bamanankan	0
Edo	20
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	15
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	185
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	35
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	190
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25
Swahili	125
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	250
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165
Nilo-Saharan languages	105
Dinka	65
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40
African, n.o.s.	35
Sign languages	555
American Sign Language	540
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,375
Chinese languages	1,325
Hakka	10
Mandarin	1,065
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	300
Chinese, n.o.s.	50
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45
Burmese	30
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	0
Thai	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	200
Azerbaijani	45
Kazakh	25
Turkish	130
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15
Uralic languages	45
Estonian	10
Finnish	20
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	50
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	208,815
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,050
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,550
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,265
Métis	1,365
Inuk (Inuit)	915
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	95
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	400
Non-Indigenous identity	201,775
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	208,815
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,480
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	206,340
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	90,000
Owner	62,465
Renter	27,535
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	90,000
Condominium	3,930
Not condominium	86,070
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	90,000
No bedrooms	275
1 bedroom	7,085
2 bedrooms	19,370
3 bedrooms	38,265
4 or more bedrooms	25,005
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	90,000
1 to 4 rooms	17,200
5 rooms	12,240
6 rooms	13,940
7 rooms	12,365
8 or more rooms	34,255
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	90,000
One person or fewer per room	89,550
More than one person per room	445
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	90,000
Suitable	88,220
Not suitable	1,775
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	90,000
1960 or before	13,720
1961 to 1980	23,815
1981 to 1990	12,830
1991 to 2000	11,340
2001 to 2005	6,635
2006 to 2010	8,320
2011 to 2015	8,730
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,610
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	90,000
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	86,265
Major repairs needed	3,735
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	90,000
One-maintainer household	43,915
Two-maintainer household	43,095
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,990
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	90,000
15 to 24 years	3,265
25 to 34 years	13,155
35 to 44 years	16,150
45 to 54 years	16,565
55 to 64 years	17,710
65 to 74 years	13,960
75 to 84 years	7,200
85 years and over	2,000
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	89,715
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	72,625
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	17,090
30% to less than 100%	15,675
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	90,000
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	21,375
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15,965
Not suitable only	1,475
Major repairs needed only	2,740
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	205
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	890
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30
Acceptable housing	68,625
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	88,300
In core need	8,165
Not in core need	80,135
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	62,415
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.7
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.6
% in core housing need⁶³	3.7
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,434
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	312,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	344,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,530
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.6
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.7
% in core housing need⁶³	22.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	999
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	208,815
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,430
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,315
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,410
Métis single ancestry	370
Inuit single ancestry	535
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,780
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,570
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,860
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	840
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	875
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	210
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	197,615
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	208,820
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	200,330
Canadian citizens aged under 18	37,035
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	163,290
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,490
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	208,820
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	194,935
Immigrants⁸¹	9,505
Before 1980	1,820
1980 to 1990	555
1991 to 2000	705
2001 to 2010	1,780
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,650
2011 to 2015	1,565
2016 to 2021	3,085
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,375
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,510
Under 5 years	1,060
5 to 14 years	1,750
15 to 24 years	1,410
25 to 44 years	4,570
45 years and over	720
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,510
Americas	1,480
Brazil	80
Colombia	120
El Salvador	20
Guyana	10
Haiti	10
Jamaica	145
Mexico	10
Peru	10
Trinidad and Tobago	45
United States of America	815
Other places of birth in Americas	215
Europe	2,585
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40
Croatia	30
France	130
Germany	155
Greece	10
Hungary	10
Italy	65
Netherlands	40
Poland	35
Portugal	30
Romania	75
Russian Federation	110
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Ukraine	50
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,280
Other places of birth in Europe	520
Africa	1,520
Algeria	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75
Egypt	135
Eritrea	155
Ethiopia	75
Morocco	0
Nigeria	365
Somalia	15
South Africa, Republic of	110
Other places of birth in Africa	570
Asia	3,840
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	105
Iraq	110
Lebanon	65
Syria⁸⁹	450
Turkey	45
China⁹⁰	535
Hong Kong⁹¹	80
Korea, South⁹²	80
Taiwan	50
Philippines	785
Viet Nam	75
Bangladesh	205
India	535
Pakistan	170
Sri Lanka	70
Other places of birth in Asia	455
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	75
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,085
Americas	310
Brazil	25
Colombia	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	105
Mexico	10
United States of America	110
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	45
Europe	275
France	30
Germany	20
Ireland⁹⁶	35
Italy	10
Russian Federation	25
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100
Other places of birth in Europe	55
Africa	760
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	20
Eritrea	100
Ethiopia	20
Morocco	0
Nigeria	240
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	35
Sudan⁹⁷	65
Tunisia	35
Other places of birth in Africa	180
Asia	1,720
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	70
China⁹⁰	180
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	200
Iran⁸⁸	35
Iraq	50
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	20
Korea, South⁹²	35
Lebanon	55
Nepal	0
Pakistan	80
Philippines	425
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	20
Syria⁸⁹	390
Turkey	25
United Arab Emirates	20
Viet Nam	25
Other places of birth in Asia	70
Oceania and other⁹³	10
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	208,820
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,165
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,810
Third generation or more¹⁰²	182,835
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,690
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,285
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,040
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,240
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,715
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,635
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,690
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	165
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,525
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	375
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,045
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,540
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	208,820
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,545
South Asian	3,340
Chinese	1,745
Black	2,865
Filipino	1,060
Arab	1,470
Latin American	640
Southeast Asian	365
West Asian	495
Korean	165
Japanese	50
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115
Multiple visible minorities	245
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	196,270
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	208,820
Canadian	45,625
English	77,135
Irish	70,615
Scottish	17,145
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,510
German	3,935
Chinese	1,780
Italian	1,520
Indian (India)	1,835
Ukrainian	960
Dutch	1,060
Polish	780
Québécois	110
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,625
Filipino	1,080
French Canadian	315
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	11,085
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,720
Métis	1,440
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	4,025
Russian	475
Norwegian	1,060
Welsh	3,495
Portuguese	745
American	1,255
Spanish	760
Swedish	605
Hungarian	165
Acadian	600
Pakistani	210
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	560
Jewish	395
Punjabi	140
Vietnamese	145
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	685
Greek	260
Jamaican	200
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	355
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115
Korean	170
Romanian	175
Lebanese	435
Iranian	415
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	720
Danish	390
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	625
Sikh	95
Austrian	185
Belgian	165
Haitian	10
Hindu	80
Mexican	65
Mennonite	35
Swiss	160
Finnish	120
Sri Lankan	90
Croatian	40
Japanese	90
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	115
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	4,290
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	640
Muslim	280
Egyptian	290
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	90
Tamil	60
Icelandic	85
Colombian	135
Moroccan	35
Czech	155
Syrian	275
Guyanese	25
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	135
Serbian	40
Ojibway	60
Newfoundlander	13,300
Hong Konger	15
Ontarian	160
Persian	85
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55
Turkish	125
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	1,435
Bangladeshi	515
Algerian	25
Brazilian	165
Nigerian	380
Armenian	25
Slovak	45
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	180
Somali	0
Taiwanese	55
Iraqi	70
Salvadorean	15
African Caribbean	50
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	95
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	180
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35
Algonquin	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50
Lithuanian	30
South African	140
Australian	130
Palestinian	120
Chilean	55
Congolese	105
Nova Scotian	245
Ethiopian	25
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60
Peruvian	45
Yoruba	235
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	75
Maltese	80
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	20
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	360
New Brunswicker	85
Gujarati	30
Eritrean	180
African Canadian	15
Israeli	30
Mohawk	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	50
Bulgarian	70
Albertan	25
Ghanaian	75
Barbadian	65
African American	110
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	50
Tunisian	70
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45
Cuban	115
Bosnian	60
Venezuelan	50
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	240
Latvian	45
Bengali	150
Cameroonian	15
Guatemalan	30
Indonesian	40
Laotian	0
Ilocano	10
Northern Irish	70
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	230
British Columbian	10
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	10
Argentinian	25
Estonian	15
Kurdish	30
Fijian	0
Jatt	45
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	250
Coptic	25
Thai	45
Dominican	15
Nepali	10
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	150
Byelorussian	25
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	110
Breton	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	50
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	10
Buddhist	15
Gaspesian	0
Norman	45
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	40
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	40
Kenyan	25
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	65
Manitoban	20
Cape Bretoner	55
Rwandan	15
Grenadian	0
Malayali	50
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	50
Mayan	25
Honduran	25
Cherokee	70
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	1,220
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	25
United Empire Loyalist	10
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	10
Sicilian	10
Pashtun	0
Malay	20
Goan	15
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	115
Burmese	30
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	10
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	25
Yemeni	30
Central African	30
Libyan	85
Basque	95
Uruguayan	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	25
Maliseet	0
Beninese	10
Telugu	30
Roma	10
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	20
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	10
Edo	25
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	208,815
Buddhist	360
Christian	158,575
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,915
Anabaptist	35
Anglican	34,810
Baptist	625
Catholic	81,475
Christian Orthodox	500
Jehovah's Witness	570
Latter Day Saints	105
Lutheran	165
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	5,970
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	4,435
Presbyterian	830
Reformed	15
United Church	20,325
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,785
Hindu	945
Jewish	205
Muslim	3,345
Sikh	525
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25
Other religions and spiritual traditions	665
No religion and secular perspectives	44,180
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	207,110
Non-movers	183,935
Movers	23,175
Non-migrants	14,175
Migrants	9,000
Internal migrants	8,135
Intraprovincial migrants	5,600
Interprovincial migrants	2,535
External migrants	865
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	199,770
Non-movers	132,155
Movers	67,615
Non-migrants	28,050
Migrants	39,565
Internal migrants	33,695
Intraprovincial migrants	26,330
Interprovincial migrants	7,365
External migrants	5,870
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	177,275
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,915
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	153,360
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	116,265
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,205
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	107,055
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	177,280
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,900
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	46,700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	108,675
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	61,685
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,030
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,155
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,875
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	42,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,760
Bachelor's degree or higher	46,990
Bachelor's degree	29,890
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,085
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,300
Master's degree	11,520
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,205
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	116,260
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,830
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,130
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	84,300
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	46,935
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,455
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,280
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,175
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	33,260
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,220
Bachelor's degree or higher	37,365
Bachelor's degree	23,485
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,675
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,080
Master's degree	9,515
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,610
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	177,275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	68,600
Education	8,430
13. Education	8,430
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,425
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	325
50. Visual and performing arts	2,100
Humanities	4,830
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	390
23. English language and literature/letters	1,305
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,170
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	205
38. Philosophy and religious studies	405
39. Theology and religious vocations	425
54. History	550
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,465
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	195
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	625
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,680
22. Legal professions and studies	1,360
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105
42. Psychology	1,885
45. Social sciences	3,615
Business, management and public administration	25,125
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,595
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	23,480
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,195
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	770
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100
40. Physical sciences	1,305
41. Science technologies/technicians	125
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,340
25. Library science	310
27. Mathematics and statistics	480
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	23,520
04. Architecture and related services	255
14. Engineering	5,155
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	6,670
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	5,575
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,900
48. Precision production	1,950
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,660
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	935
03. Natural resources and conservation	725
Health and related fields	16,265
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,000
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	14,710
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	65
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	500
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,550
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,590
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20
43. Security and protective services	1,190
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,750
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	116,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,965
Education	5,480
13. Education	5,480
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,005
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	225
50. Visual and performing arts	1,775
Humanities	3,480
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	285
23. English language and literature/letters	920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	880
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	155
38. Philosophy and religious studies	330
39. Theology and religious vocations	220
54. History	435
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,655
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	175
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,415
22. Legal professions and studies	1,105
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90
42. Psychology	1,485
45. Social sciences	2,865
Business, management and public administration	19,515
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,210
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,265
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,170
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,415
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	580
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70
40. Physical sciences	1,035
41. Science technologies/technicians	70
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,605
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,940
25. Library science	255
27. Mathematics and statistics	360
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	18,210
04. Architecture and related services	190
14. Engineering	4,225
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,235
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10
46. Construction trades	4,385
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,680
48. Precision production	1,485
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,390
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	750
03. Natural resources and conservation	640
Health and related fields	12,505
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	800
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,230
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	60
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	410
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,275
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,975
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	970
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,315
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	116,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,965
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	84,300
Location of study inside Canada	79,505
Same as province or territory of residence	67,515
Different than province or territory of residence	11,985
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,795
Americas	1,155
United States of America	805
Mexico	30
Cuba	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	80
Brazil	85
Colombia	15
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other locations of study in Americas	115
Europe	1,300
Belgium	20
France	75
Germany	85
Netherlands	10
Switzerland	15
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	10
Romania	20
Russian Federation	50
Ukraine	20
Ireland⁹⁶	125
United Kingdom⁸⁷	710
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	30
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Other locations of study in Europe	120
Africa	515
Nigeria	175
Algeria	0
Morocco	20
Tunisia	25
Egypt	70
South Africa, Republic of	35
Other locations of study in Africa	175
Asia	1,710
Iran⁸⁸	215
Iraq	35
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	30
Turkey	35
China⁹⁰	185
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20
Japan	30
Korea, South⁹²	55
Philippines	465
Viet Nam	40
Bangladesh	110
Sri Lanka	35
India	315
Pakistan	45
Other locations of study in Asia	70
Oceania	115
Australia	110
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	177,280
In the labour force	112,880
Employed	100,790
Unemployed	12,095
Not in the labour force	64,395
Participation rate	63.7
Employment rate	56.9
Unemployment rate	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	177,275
Did not work¹⁸⁶	63,935
Worked	113,340
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	63,565
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	49,780
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	112,880
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,700
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	110,180
Employee	99,985
Permanent position	77,230
Temporary position	22,750
Fixed term (1 year or more)	7,120
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15,630
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,190
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	112,880
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,700
All occupations¹⁹¹	110,180
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,235
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	19,425
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,195
3 Health occupations	10,360
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,570
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,230
6 Sales and service occupations	29,180
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	16,730
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,070
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,185
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	112,880
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,700
All industries¹⁹¹	110,180
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,170
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,240
22 Utilities	1,380
23 Construction	7,535
31-33 Manufacturing	3,395
41 Wholesale trade	2,605
44-45 Retail trade	13,855
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,955
51 Information and cultural industries	2,000
52 Finance and insurance	3,075
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,320
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,275
55 Management of companies and enterprises	165
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,125
61 Educational services	9,290
62 Health care and social assistance	17,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,135
72 Accommodation and food services	7,410
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,665
91 Public administration	12,250
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	120,515
English	118,180
French	255
Non-official language	85
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	85
English and French	1,575
English and non-official language(s)	370
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	120,515
Single responses	120,225
Official languages	120,100
English	119,525
French	580
Non-official languages	125
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	125
Afro-Asiatic languages	10
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	10
Amharic	0
Arabic	10
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	60
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	15
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15
Indo-Aryan languages	10
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	35
American Sign Language	35
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15
Chinese languages	15
Hakka	0
Mandarin	15
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	290
English and French	220
English and non-official language(s)	70
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	120,515
None	118,805
English	355
French	1,040
Non-official language	250
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	240
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	20
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	100,785
Worked at home	18,785
Worked outside Canada	260
No fixed workplace address	11,890
Usual place of work	69,850
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	69,850
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	37,725
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	30,730
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	715
Commute to a different province or territory	675
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	81,745
Car, truck or van	72,495
Car, truck or van - as a driver	65,255
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	7,235
Public transit	2,580
Walked	3,715
Bicycle	130
Other method	2,820
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	81,745
Less than 15 minutes	34,845
15 to 29 minutes	36,260
30 to 44 minutes	7,005
45 to 59 minutes	1,210
60 minutes and over	2,420
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	81,745
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,745
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,830
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	26,090
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	23,405
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,595
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	11,075
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	38,930
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,490
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	37,445
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	29,045
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,095
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	515
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	27,950

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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