Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Trois-RivièresMore information: Quebec [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	161,489	...	...
Population, 2016¹	156,042	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	80,767	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	76,635	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	155.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,038.64	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	161,490	78,810	82,680
0 to 14 years	23,515	12,130	11,385
0 to 4 years	7,210	3,705	3,505
5 to 9 years	8,035	4,150	3,895
10 to 14 years	8,270	4,280	3,990
15 to 64 years	96,520	48,165	48,365
15 to 19 years	7,550	3,855	3,690
20 to 24 years	8,940	4,510	4,425
25 to 29 years	9,705	4,980	4,730
30 to 34 years	9,005	4,570	4,435
35 to 39 years	9,485	4,790	4,700
40 to 44 years	9,810	4,970	4,835
45 to 49 years	8,240	4,115	4,115
50 to 54 years	8,835	4,330	4,505
55 to 59 years	11,815	5,715	6,100
60 to 64 years	13,140	6,320	6,815
65 years and over	41,445	18,515	22,935
65 to 69 years	12,175	5,815	6,360
70 to 74 years	10,630	5,075	5,545
75 to 79 years	7,985	3,635	4,350
80 to 84 years	5,165	2,165	3,000
85 years and over	5,500	1,820	3,680
85 to 89 years	3,280	1,200	2,085
90 to 94 years	1,745	535	1,210
95 to 99 years	420	80	340
100 years and over	55	5	50
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.4	13.8
15 to 64 years	59.8	61.1	58.5
65 years and over	25.7	23.5	27.7
85 years and over	3.4	2.3	4.5
Average age of the population	45.4	44.0	46.7
Median age of the population	46.4	44.4	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	76,635	...	...
Single-detached house	35,045	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,115	...	...
Row house	1,975	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,215	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	27,535	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,115	...	...
Other single-attached house	365	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	265	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	76,635	...	...
1 person	30,675	...	...
2 persons	27,730	...	...
3 persons	8,185	...	...
4 persons	6,835	...	...
5 or more persons	3,210	...	...
Number of persons in private households	155,535	76,725	78,810
Average household size	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	137,970	66,675	71,300
Married or living common-law	74,740	37,365	37,375
Married	37,010	18,545	18,470
Living common-law	37,730	18,820	18,905
Living common law - Never married	30,360	15,065	15,300
Living common law - Separated	350	170	175
Living common law - Divorced	6,200	3,200	2,995
Living common law - Widowed	825	385	440
Not married and not living common-law	63,230	29,310	33,920
Not married and not living common law - Never married	42,020	22,310	19,710
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,620	725	890
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	10,730	4,160	6,575
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,855	2,120	6,740
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	43,590	...	...
2 persons	26,685	...	...
3 persons	7,600	...	...
4 persons	6,565	...	...
5 or more persons	2,735	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	43,590	...	...
Total couple families	36,515	...	...
Married couples	17,655	...	...
With children⁶	5,290	...	...
Without children	12,365	...	...
Common-law couples	18,860	...	...
With children⁶	8,905	...	...
Without children	9,955	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,080	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,120	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,955	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	155,530	76,725	78,810
Total - Persons in census families	117,155	58,210	58,940
Married spouses or common-law partners	73,025	36,455	36,570
Parents in one-parent families	7,075	1,960	5,120
Children⁶	37,045	19,795	17,250
In a two-parent family	26,450	14,005	12,445
In a one-parent family	10,600	5,795	4,805
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	38,380	18,515	19,865
Living alone	30,675	14,435	16,240
Living with other relatives⁷	2,705	1,205	1,500
Living with non-relatives only	5,005	2,870	2,130
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	76,635	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	41,540	...	...
Couple-family households	35,210	...	...
With children⁶	13,665	...	...
Without children	21,550	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,330	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	540	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,090	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,680	...	...
One-person households	30,675	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	132,035	64,605	67,435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	129,425	63,330	66,090
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,600	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	129,475	63,360	66,115
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	114,765	57,650	57,115
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,800	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,175	45,445	41,735
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	110,470	51,805	58,660
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	11,500	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,415	8,820	7,595
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,240	17,970	16,270
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,550	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	132,050	64,630	67,420
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	129,495	63,340	66,155
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,760	52,600	41,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	129,555	63,370	66,185
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,200	35,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	114,800	57,545	57,255
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,560	47,200	33,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,215	45,325	41,890
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,920	46,520	36,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	110,405	51,870	58,530
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,690	11,910	13,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,665	8,965	7,700
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,700	6,180	7,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,230	17,940	16,290
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,790	7,540	8,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	132,050	64,625	67,420
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,480	21,780	18,705
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	60,000	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,700	68,500	55,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	36,755	17,725	19,025
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	20,600	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,960	30,560	23,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.8	81.4	71.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.4	63.3	56.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.1	18.5	28.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.7	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.7	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.1	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	132,035	64,600	67,430
Without total income	2,610	1,270	1,340
With total income	129,425	63,330	66,095
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,890	3,295	4,600
$10,000 to $19,999	16,945	6,435	10,510
$20,000 to $29,999	23,395	10,125	13,270
$30,000 to $39,999	18,320	8,530	9,790
$40,000 to $49,999	17,305	8,555	8,750
$50,000 to $59,999	13,600	6,935	6,660
$60,000 to $69,999	9,140	5,105	4,030
$70,000 to $79,999	6,375	3,760	2,615
$80,000 to $89,999	4,705	2,700	2,005
$90,000 to $99,999	3,230	1,965	1,265
$100,000 and over	8,520	5,915	2,605
$100,000 to $149,999	6,315	4,335	1,985
$150,000 and over	2,200	1,585	615
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	132,035	64,600	67,430
Without after-tax income	2,560	1,240	1,320
With after-tax income	129,475	63,365	66,115
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,660	3,460	5,200
$10,000 to $19,999	17,670	6,850	10,820
$20,000 to $29,999	27,400	11,955	15,440
$30,000 to $39,999	22,955	11,255	11,700
$40,000 to $49,999	19,715	10,240	9,470
$50,000 to $59,999	12,520	7,010	5,515
$60,000 to $69,999	7,675	4,300	3,380
$70,000 to $79,999	4,935	2,850	2,085
$80,000 to $89,999	3,055	2,035	1,025
$90,000 to $99,999	1,790	1,220	575
$100,000 and over	3,105	2,200	905
$100,000 to $124,999	1,710	1,215	495
$125,000 and over	1,395	980	410
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	132,035	64,600	67,430
Without employment income	44,860	19,160	25,700
With employment income	87,175	45,440	41,735
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,695	6,290	5,405
$5,000 to $9,999	7,190	3,280	3,905
$10,000 to $19,999	11,430	5,060	6,375
$20,000 to $29,999	9,760	4,610	5,150
$30,000 to $39,999	9,560	4,725	4,835
$40,000 to $49,999	9,040	4,345	4,695
$50,000 to $59,999	7,075	3,740	3,335
$60,000 to $69,999	5,440	3,170	2,265
$70,000 to $79,999	4,045	2,435	1,610
$80,000 to $89,999	3,385	1,910	1,475
$90,000 to $99,999	2,250	1,370	880
$100,000 and over	6,305	4,505	1,795
$100,000 to $124,999	3,470	2,480	995
$125,000 and over	2,835	2,030	805
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	132,035	64,605	67,435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	127,715	62,475	65,245
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,600	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	127,835	62,485	65,350
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	113,290	57,010	56,280
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	37,600	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,225	45,845	42,380
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,600	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,705	46,985	54,720
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,200	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,125	8,310	6,815
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,640	4,720	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	132,050	64,630	67,420
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	127,715	62,475	65,245
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,880	49,960	38,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	127,835	62,490	65,350
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,680	40,880	32,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	113,165	56,800	56,365
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,480	47,320	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,225	45,680	42,540
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	46,080	35,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,855	47,130	54,730
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,060	9,210	10,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,535	8,425	7,115
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,540	5,815	7,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	132,050	64,625	67,420
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,390	21,725	18,665
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	55,200	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,800	63,950	50,560
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,940	16,870	18,070
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	25,200	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,000	35,560	26,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.8	86.2	76.2
Employment income (%)	64.6	67.4	60.9
Government transfers (%)	18.3	13.9	23.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	76,635	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	30,675	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	45,960	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	76,635	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30,650	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	45,985	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	76,635	...	...
Under $5,000	620	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	580	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,480	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,220	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,870	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,485	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,490	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,055	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,165	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,000	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,035	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,925	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,420	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,915	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,550	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,455	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,820	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,045	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,225	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	76,635	...	...
Under $5,000	690	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	590	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,510	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,245	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,370	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,300	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5,055	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,980	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,380	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,505	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,345	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,505	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,790	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,820	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,230	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,585	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,715	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,930	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	43,955	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	21,700	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,260	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,915	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	35,675	17,305	18,370
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	36,000	31,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	32,400	29,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	43,910	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,715	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,280	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,890	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	35,805	17,445	18,360
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,160	42,400	38,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,440	35,720	33,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	155,535	76,725	78,805
0 to 17 years	27,920	14,400	13,525
0 to 5 years	8,740	4,500	4,245
18 to 64 years	91,455	45,430	46,030
65 years and over	36,155	16,905	19,255
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	22,215	10,190	12,030
0 to 17 years	3,135	1,640	1,495
0 to 5 years	1,030	515	515
18 to 64 years	11,190	5,570	5,620
65 years and over	7,895	2,980	4,915
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.3	13.3	15.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.2	11.4	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	11.5	12.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	12.3	12.2
65 years and over (%)	21.8	17.6	25.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	155,340	76,640	78,705
0 to 17 years	27,890	14,385	13,500
0 to 5 years	8,730	4,495	4,240
18 to 64 years	91,330	45,365	45,960
65 years and over	36,125	16,885	19,240
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,240	3,755	3,485
0 to 17 years	810	450	360
0 to 5 years	245	130	110
18 to 64 years	5,870	3,080	2,790
65 years and over	555	230	325
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.7	4.9	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	3.1	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.8	6.1
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	155,535	76,725	78,805
In bottom half of the distribution	94,695	45,505	49,195
In bottom decile	18,770	8,740	10,030
In second decile	19,670	9,285	10,385
In third decile	19,490	9,350	10,135
In fourth decile	19,220	9,335	9,890
In fifth decile	17,545	8,790	8,760
In top half of the distribution	60,840	31,220	29,615
In sixth decile	16,005	8,175	7,830
In seventh decile	14,445	7,365	7,080
In eighth decile	13,105	6,670	6,440
In ninth decile	10,185	5,330	4,855
In top decile	7,100	3,690	3,410
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	155,530	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.451	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	158,710	77,700	81,015
English only	420	260	165
French only	106,500	48,890	57,615
English and French	51,390	28,340	23,045
Neither English nor French	405	215	195
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	158,710	77,700	81,015
English	2,130	1,095	1,040
French	155,000	75,755	79,245
English and French	1,215	665	545
Neither English nor French	370	185	185
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	158,710	77,700	81,015
Single responses	156,665	76,610	80,055
Official languages	151,570	73,995	77,575
English	1,790	910	880
French	149,785	73,090	76,695
Non-official languages	5,095	2,615	2,485
Indigenous languages³⁹	275	120	150
Algonquian languages	270	120	145
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	270	120	145
Atikamekw	255	115	140
Cree languages	5	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	5	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,825	2,490	2,330
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,235	705	530
Berber languages	75	40	40
Kabyle	65	30	35
Tamazight	15	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	20	10	10
Hausa	10	5	5
Mina	10	5	5
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,135	655	475
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,135	655	475
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	60	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20
Vietnamese	80	40	50
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	65	55
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Cebuano	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	45	20	20
Merina	30	15	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	5
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	40	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	160	85	75
Haitian Creole	85	40	50
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	30	20	10
Sango	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	0
Tamil	5	5	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,365	1,195	1,170
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	125	65	60
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	125	65	60
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10
Russian	45	20	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	15
Bosnian	20	10	10
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	20	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5
Irish	5	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	155	80	75
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	120	65	55
German	100	50	50
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	25	15	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	25	10	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	60	50	15
Indo-Iranian languages	110	60	50
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	0	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	80	45	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	25	10	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	25	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,905	940	970
Catalan	5	0	0
Italian	55	35	20
Portuguese	195	90	105
Romanian	40	25	20
Spanish	1,615	790	825
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	15
Korean	10	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	465	235	230
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	15	10	5
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	15	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	5
Lingala	20	5	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	5	5	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	80	40	40
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	5	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	155	80	75
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	55	25	25
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	25	20	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	85	125
Chinese languages	210	85	125
Hakka	5	0	0
Mandarin	170	70	105
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	20
Lao	25	15	15
Thai	15	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	5	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,045	1,090	960
English and French	1,120	580	540
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	30
French and non-official language(s)	720	395	325
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	50	35
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	25
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	158,710	77,700	81,015
English	790	410	375
French	147,225	71,675	75,555
Non-official language	1,470	770	705
Indigenous³⁹	75	35	40
Non-Indigenous	1,390	730	660
English and French	4,980	2,710	2,275
English and non-official language(s)	190	105	85
French and non-official language(s)	3,035	1,480	1,555
English, French and non-official language(s)	940	510	435
Multiple non-official languages	80	45	35
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	158,710	77,700	81,015
Single responses	156,660	76,645	80,015
Official languages	153,915	75,225	78,690
English	1,340	680	660
French	152,575	74,545	78,025
Non-official languages	2,745	1,420	1,325
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	70	65
Algonquian languages	130	70	65
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	130	70	65
Atikamekw	130	70	65
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,610	1,355	1,260
Afro-Asiatic languages	490	260	230
Berber languages	20	5	10
Kabyle	20	5	10
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0	5
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	465	255	215
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	465	255	215
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10
Vietnamese	50	25	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60	45	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	20	15	5
Merina	10	10	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	35	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	60	30	25
Haitian Creole	35	15	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	10	0
Sango	5	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,500	765	735
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	25	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	60	25	30
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5
Russian	30	15	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	25	20	10
German	20	15	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	70	35	30
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	55	30	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	40	20	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,315	665	650
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0
Portuguese	130	65	70
Romanian	15	10	5
Spanish	1,165	590	575
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5
Korean	0	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	200	100	105
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5
Lingala	10	0	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	15	25
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	90	45	45
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	20	10	10
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	30	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	30	20	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	70	85
Chinese languages	160	70	85
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	135	60	75
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	0
Lao	5	5	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,050	1,055	1,000
English and French	950	490	455
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	30
French and non-official language(s)	935	470	465
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	50	40
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	158,715	77,700	81,015
None	151,280	73,770	77,515
English	3,830	2,135	1,700
French	1,350	665	680
Non-official language	1,430	705	725
Indigenous³⁹	55	20	40
Non-Indigenous	1,375	685	685
English and French	175	100	75
English and non-official language(s)	440	235	205
French and non-official language(s)	105	45	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	90	45	50
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	155,530	76,725	78,805
Official languages	155,180	76,535	78,640
English	51,305	28,320	22,985
French	154,745	76,285	78,465
Non-official languages	10,785	5,350	5,435
Indigenous languages³⁹	410	175	235
Algonquian languages	395	175	220
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	385	170	215
Atikamekw	365	150	215
Cree languages	10	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,390	5,185	5,210
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,700	980	720
Berber languages	75	35	45
Kabyle	40	15	20
Tamazight	35	15	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	80	45	40
Hausa	30	20	10
Mina	50	20	30
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,620	940	680
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,605	935	680
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	70	90
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15
Vietnamese	125	55	70
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	210	105	110
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	10	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	85	50	35
Merina	55	35	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	15
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	45	65
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	355	195	165
Haitian Creole	175	90	85
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	65	35	30
Sango	20	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	75	55	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20
Dravidian languages	30	10	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	0	10
Tamil	15	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,610	3,160	3,450
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	125	85
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	215	125	85
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	15	10
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	15	0
Russian	150	85	65
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	20
Bosnian	10	10	0
Croatian	25	10	15
Serbian	25	15	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	15	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Celtic languages	20	0	15
Irish	20	0	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	480	280	200
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	410	245	170
German	390	225	160
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	35	20	15
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	25	25
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	45	20	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	15
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	20	0	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	140	75	65
Indo-Iranian languages	250	130	125
Indo-Aryan languages	110	40	65
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	45	25	20
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	55	15	40
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	140	85	55
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	45	25	20
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	80	45	35
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	45	25	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,750	2,680	3,070
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	380	190	190
Portuguese	335	170	165
Romanian	70	25	45
Spanish	5,230	2,440	2,790
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	70	25	40
Korean	50	25	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,000	540	455
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	45	20	25
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	55	15	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	45	25
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	25	10
Lingala	130	85	45
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0
Mòoré	40	15	25
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	130	65	65
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	265	130	130
Wojenaka	15	0	15
Wolof	130	100	30
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	260	140	125
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10
African, n.o.s.	40	20	20
Sign languages	200	90	110
American Sign Language	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	165	80	85
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	355	140	215
Chinese languages	355	140	215
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	335	130	200
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	10	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	10	35
Lao	20	10	10
Thai	35	0	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	15	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	155,535	76,725	78,805
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,020	1,395	1,630
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,795	1,305	1,490
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,870	860	1,005
Métis	880	425	455
Inuk (Inuit)	45	15	30
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	55	20	35
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	175	70	105
Non-Indigenous identity	152,515	75,335	77,175
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	155,535	76,725	78,805
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,225	535	690
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	154,310	76,195	78,120
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	76,635	...	...
Owner	43,870	...	...
Renter	32,760	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	76,635	...	...
Condominium	7,570	...	...
Not condominium	69,065	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	76,635	...	...
No bedrooms	305	...	...
1 bedroom	11,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	24,615	...	...
3 bedrooms	24,355	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,395	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	76,635	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	26,930	...	...
5 rooms	14,410	...	...
6 rooms	8,300	...	...
7 rooms	7,655	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,335	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	76,635	...	...
One person or fewer per room	76,400	...	...
More than one person per room	235	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	76,635	...	...
Suitable	75,505	...	...
Not suitable	1,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	76,635	...	...
1960 or before	17,575	...	...
1961 to 1980	23,290	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,750	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,215	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,375	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,090	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,370	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,970	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	76,635	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	72,275	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,360	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	76,635	...	...
One-maintainer household	46,630	...	...
Two-maintainer household	28,935	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,070	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	76,635	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,490	...	...
25 to 34 years	10,315	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,770	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,700	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,705	...	...
65 to 74 years	14,590	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,885	...	...
85 years and over	2,180	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	76,050	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	66,575	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,470	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,695	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	76,635	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,060	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,685	...	...
Not suitable only	940	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,535	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	710	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	62,580	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	75,275	...	...
In core need	2,475	...	...
Not in core need	72,800	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,595	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	952	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	227,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,670	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	672	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	10	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	600	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	155,535	76,730	78,810
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,020	1,345	1,675
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,990	1,330	1,660
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,700	1,200	1,495
Métis single ancestry	275	125	150
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,580	1,760	1,825
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,565	1,750	1,815
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,240	1,560	1,680
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	310	190	120
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	148,930	73,620	75,310
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	155,535	76,725	78,810
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	150,650	74,085	76,565
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,995	13,860	13,135
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	123,660	60,230	63,430
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,885	2,640	2,240
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	155,535	76,725	78,810
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	146,760	72,140	74,625
Immigrants⁸¹	6,360	3,215	3,145
Before 1980	600	310	290
1980 to 1990	400	215	190
1991 to 2000	520	225	290
2001 to 2010	1,930	960	975
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,905	1,505	1,400
2011 to 2015	1,450	800	650
2016 to 2021	1,455	705	755
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,415	1,375	1,040
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,355	3,215	3,145
Under 5 years	850	410	440
5 to 14 years	1,215	610	610
15 to 24 years	970	480	490
25 to 44 years	2,930	1,510	1,425
45 years and over	395	205	185
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,355	3,215	3,145
Americas	1,745	785	960
Brazil	95	60	40
Colombia	755	345	410
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	225	105	120
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	115	45	70
Peru	45	20	25
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15
United States of America	135	50	85
Other places of birth in Americas	360	155	200
Europe	1,600	865	730
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15
Croatia	10	0	0
France	960	545	415
Germany	60	25	35
Greece	70	45	20
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	20	20	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	15	15	0
Romania	35	10	20
Russian Federation	15	10	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	20
Other places of birth in Europe	340	165	180
Africa	2,260	1,250	1,015
Algeria	240	160	80
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	240	125	115
Egypt	15	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	395	230	170
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,370	725	645
Asia	750	315	440
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10
Iraq	45	30	15
Lebanon	85	50	40
Syria⁸⁹	95	55	40
Turkey	20	15	0
China⁹⁰	165	40	125
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	0
Taiwan	35	20	10
Philippines	85	15	65
Viet Nam	80	25	50
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	20	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	25	60
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,460	705	755
Americas	285	135	145
Brazil	15	10	10
Colombia	100	60	45
Haiti	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	45	25	20
United States of America	20	20	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	90	25	60
Europe	200	120	75
France	110	65	45
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	35	25
Africa	735	345	390
Algeria	50	30	20
Burundi	20	10	15
Cameroon	160	80	75
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	30	15
Côte d'Ivoire	160	55	110
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	45	20	30
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	35	25	15
Other places of birth in Africa	210	90	120
Asia	240	105	135
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	30	10	15
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	40	15	30
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	80	45	35
Turkey	10	10	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	20
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	155,530	76,725	78,805
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,295	4,765	4,530
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,170	2,610	2,560
Third generation or more¹⁰²	141,070	69,355	71,720
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,755	2,900	2,855
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,965	1,640	1,330
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,380	985	395
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,590	660	930
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,395	550	845
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,375	700	675
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,755	2,900	2,855
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	145	75	70
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	485	270	215
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	220	120	95
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	405	265	140
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	10	35
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,450	2,150	2,295
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	155,535	76,725	78,805
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,315	4,275	4,040
South Asian	225	95	130
Chinese	450	145	305
Black	3,825	2,015	1,810
Filipino	155	65	90
Arab	1,380	825	560
Latin American	1,665	820	840
Southeast Asian	300	140	165
West Asian	55	25	30
Korean	25	20	10
Japanese	45	20	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120	60	60
Multiple visible minorities	65	45	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	147,220	72,450	74,770
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	155,535	76,725	78,810
Canadian	61,170	29,545	31,630
English	1,440	695	740
Irish	4,645	2,195	2,455
Scottish	1,980	1,065	915
French, n.o.s.¹²²	35,955	18,125	17,830
German	1,505	755	750
Chinese	465	150	315
Italian	1,235	585	650
Indian (India)	325	205	120
Ukrainian	165	85	90
Dutch	140	75	65
Polish	280	160	120
Québécois	21,905	10,665	11,240
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	195	120	75
Filipino	95	50	50
French Canadian	14,780	7,270	7,510
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,040	2,070	1,965
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,495	1,110	1,385
Métis	625	335	290
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,795	1,980	1,815
Russian	105	55	50
Norwegian	85	40	45
Welsh	15	0	10
Portuguese	245	140	105
American	900	380	525
Spanish	600	255	345
Swedish	35	25	10
Hungarian	90	50	40
Acadian	1,870	905	965
Pakistani	10	0	10
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	760	405	350
Jewish	105	55	40
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	175	70	100
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	665	350	310
Greek	260	140	120
Jamaican	25	15	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	135	55	70
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	85	40	45
Korean	20	15	0
Romanian	150	60	95
Lebanese	275	160	110
Iranian	70	35	35
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,505	790	715
Danish	25	20	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	755	375	375
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	50	15	30
Belgian	610	290	320
Haitian	445	225	220
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	285	135	150
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	365	220	145
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	50	25	25
Japanese	45	20	25
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	225	125	95
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	10	10
Muslim	75	50	30
Egyptian	95	65	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	190	105	85
Tamil	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	905	445	460
Moroccan	430	275	155
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	130	70	60
Guyanese	10	0	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	60	15
Serbian	20	10	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	0	10
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	85	50	30
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	15
Turkish	35	20	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	0	30
Bangladeshi	40	20	10
Algerian	270	170	105
Brazilian	170	80	90
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	20	15	0
Slovak	10	10	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	10	10
Iraqi	55	35	20
Salvadorean	35	15	25
African Caribbean	25	15	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	0	25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	20	15
Algonquin	430	205	225
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	10	25
South African	0	0	0
Australian	10	0	0
Palestinian	20	15	0
Chilean	105	50	55
Congolese	360	195	165
Nova Scotian	10	0	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	15	15
Peruvian	80	35	40
Yoruba	20	20	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	40	20
Berber	220	75	140
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	15	10	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	25
New Brunswicker	105	60	45
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	20	10	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	85	50	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	35	20	10
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	40	20	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	10	15
Tunisian	250	160	90
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	110	50	60
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	65	25	40
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	315	160	155
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	35	25	10
Cameroonian	240	115	130
Guatemalan	65	55	10
Indonesian	20	10	10
Laotian	50	30	20
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	15	10	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	15	15
Franco Ontarian	15	15	0
Argentinian	35	15	20
Estonian	10	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	40	50
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	40	15	20
Dominican	100	45	55
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	60	25	35
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	770	345	425
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	180	100	75
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	315	160	150
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	20	10	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	70	50	25
Huron (Wendat)	195	90	110
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	160	60	100
Norman	190	100	90
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	290	135	150
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10
Burundian	190	105	85
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	135	60	80
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	35	10	25
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	25	15	10
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	10	0	0
Honduran	60	40	20
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	25	0	20
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	180	85	95
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	15	25
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	455	220	240
Bamileke	90	45	45
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	145	100	45
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	40	10	30
Uruguayan	15	10	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	30	0	25
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	15	40
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	100	50	45
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	55	25	35
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	25	10	15
Beninese	45	20	25
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	35	25	10
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	145	80	65
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	155,535	76,725	78,805
Buddhist	165	75	90
Christian	111,390	53,155	58,230
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,910	3,475	3,440
Anabaptist	20	10	0
Anglican	70	35	35
Baptist	485	225	265
Catholic	101,530	48,310	53,225
Christian Orthodox	280	145	135
Jehovah's Witness	550	205	340
Latter Day Saints	30	25	0
Lutheran	45	20	20
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	0	15
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	335	165	165
Presbyterian	25	10	15
Reformed	25	15	10
United Church	40	30	10
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,030	475	555
Hindu	65	20	40
Jewish	35	35	0
Muslim	2,245	1,275	970
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	460	190	265
No religion and secular perspectives	41,170	21,970	19,195
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	154,240	76,050	78,185
Non-movers	135,610	66,970	68,635
Movers	18,635	9,085	9,550
Non-migrants	12,045	5,810	6,230
Migrants	6,585	3,270	3,315
Internal migrants	5,930	2,935	3,000
Intraprovincial migrants	5,725	2,855	2,875
Interprovincial migrants	210	80	130
External migrants	650	340	315
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	148,335	72,865	75,470
Non-movers	90,720	44,815	45,900
Movers	57,615	28,050	29,565
Non-migrants	31,630	15,105	16,520
Migrants	25,985	12,935	13,045
Internal migrants	22,755	11,185	11,570
Intraprovincial migrants	22,050	10,850	11,200
Interprovincial migrants	705	335	370
External migrants	3,235	1,755	1,480
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	132,050	64,625	67,420
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,450	13,390	12,060
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	106,600	51,235	55,355
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,490	39,410	40,080
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,330	6,735	4,590
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,160	32,670	35,490
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	132,050	64,630	67,420
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,405	11,085	11,320
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,030	13,675	15,355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	80,615	39,870	40,745
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	55,175	28,570	26,605
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	24,080	15,305	8,780
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	17,575	10,105	7,475
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,500	5,195	1,305
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,975	11,165	14,810
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,120	2,100	3,020
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,440	11,300	14,145
Bachelor's degree	16,880	7,250	9,630
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,925	880	1,045
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	810	380	430
Master's degree	4,855	2,275	2,580
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	965	510	455
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,490	39,410	40,080
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,155	5,155	4,000
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,965	6,485	6,475
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,375	27,770	29,605
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	38,115	19,735	18,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,525	10,925	6,595
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,855	7,215	5,640
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,665	3,715	955
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,425	7,410	10,015
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,165	1,400	1,770
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,260	8,030	11,230
Bachelor's degree	12,590	5,155	7,435
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,370	550	820
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	665	270	395
Master's degree	3,925	1,725	2,200
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	705	325	380
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	132,050	64,630	67,425
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	51,435	24,760	26,675
Education	6,765	1,595	5,170
13. Education	6,765	1,595	5,170
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,185	960	1,225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	360	235	120
50. Visual and performing arts	1,830	720	1,110
Humanities	3,915	1,645	2,270
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	465	110	360
23. English language and literature/letters	150	45	105
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,830	765	1,060
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	120	80
39. Theology and religious vocations	255	155	100
54. History	360	225	135
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	625	210	415
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,175	1,735	4,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	850	285	565
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,265	90	1,175
22. Legal professions and studies	805	275	525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	190	40	150
42. Psychology	2,015	480	1,535
45. Social sciences	970	535	430
Business, management and public administration	18,445	6,535	11,905
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,115	280	830
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	17,330	6,260	11,070
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,840	1,640	1,205
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	890	380	510
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	215	125
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	610	270	335
40. Physical sciences	785	620	170
41. Science technologies/technicians	220	150	70
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,285	1,595	690
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,795	1,400	400
25. Library science	300	55	245
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	100	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	50	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	18,360	17,075	1,285
04. Architecture and related services	465	285	180
14. Engineering	2,465	2,150	315
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,730	3,415	315
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	4,235	4,100	140
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,290	4,135	150
48. Precision production	3,170	2,990	180
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,145	1,355	785
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,295	635	660
03. Natural resources and conservation	850	720	130
Health and related fields	11,285	2,145	9,145
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	760	390	375
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,115	1,580	8,535
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	385	170	215
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,200	3,590	2,610
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,075	825	2,250
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0
43. Security and protective services	1,345	1,115	230
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,755	1,625	130
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,490	39,410	40,080
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,115	11,640	10,475
Education	4,180	895	3,285
13. Education	4,180	895	3,285
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,580	700	880
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	175	95
50. Visual and performing arts	1,310	525	785
Humanities	2,230	900	1,335
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	340	60	280
23. English language and literature/letters	100	25	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	960	430	530
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	75	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	40	40
54. History	250	150	100
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	365	115	255
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,665	1,190	3,470
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	720	230	490
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	940	60	885
22. Legal professions and studies	595	180	415
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	25	105
42. Psychology	1,545	330	1,215
45. Social sciences	670	360	310
Business, management and public administration	13,355	4,445	8,910
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	815	195	625
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,540	4,250	8,285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,590	945	650
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	650	260	390
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	95	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	115	75	45
40. Physical sciences	540	415	125
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	95	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,810	1,280	530
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,540	1,190	350
25. Library science	165	20	145
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	45	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,165	12,030	1,135
04. Architecture and related services	355	215	140
14. Engineering	2,025	1,735	290
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,630	2,330	300
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,965	2,855	110
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,990	2,855	135
48. Precision production	2,195	2,035	160
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,760	1,080	680
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,070	505	565
03. Natural resources and conservation	690	575	115
Health and related fields	8,270	1,615	6,655
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	605	295	310
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,310	1,200	6,115
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	330	125	205
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,760	2,695	2,065
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,350	595	1,760
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,055	870	185
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,335	1,220	115
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	79,490	39,410	40,080
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,115	11,640	10,475
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	57,375	27,770	29,605
Location of study inside Canada	54,860	26,435	28,425
Same as province or territory of residence	54,260	26,095	28,165
Different than province or territory of residence	605	335	260
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,515	1,330	1,175
Americas	685	320	365
United States of America	80	30	50
Mexico	90	40	50
Cuba	45	20	30
Haiti	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	105	50	50
Colombia	245	120	125
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15
Other locations of study in Americas	85	50	35
Europe	805	485	325
Belgium	50	20	30
France	560	335	225
Germany	35	25	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	60	45	15
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	25	15	10
Ukraine	20	0	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10
Africa	735	415	315
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	145	95	60
Morocco	95	55	40
Tunisia	100	60	40
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	380	205	170
Asia	275	110	170
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	15
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	80	25	55
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	40	15	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	50	15	40
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	15
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	132,050	64,630	67,420
In the labour force	78,570	40,205	38,360
Employed	73,530	37,320	36,210
Unemployed	5,040	2,885	2,150
Not in the labour force	53,485	24,430	29,055
Participation rate	59.5	62.2	56.9
Employment rate	55.7	57.7	53.7
Unemployment rate	6.4	7.2	5.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	132,050	64,630	67,420
Did not work¹⁸⁶	52,205	23,590	28,610
Worked	79,845	41,040	38,805
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	41,500	22,430	19,070
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	38,340	18,610	19,735
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.8	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	78,570	40,200	38,365
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,640	855	790
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	76,925	39,345	37,575
Employee	69,245	34,910	34,335
Permanent position	58,035	29,530	28,500
Temporary position	11,210	5,380	5,835
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,705	1,600	2,100
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,510	3,775	3,730
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,680	4,435	3,240
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	78,570	40,200	38,365
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,640	855	790
All occupations¹⁹¹	76,925	39,345	37,575
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,110	750	360
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,245	3,885	8,355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,500	3,525	970
3 Health occupations	7,985	1,470	6,515
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,370	3,130	7,240
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,765	890	875
6 Sales and service occupations	20,715	9,255	11,455
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,020	12,160	855
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,190	955	240
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,025	3,315	710
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	78,570	40,200	38,365
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,640	855	790
All industries¹⁹¹	76,925	39,345	37,575
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,275	885	390
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	185	160	20
22 Utilities	935	765	170
23 Construction	4,960	4,380	580
31-33 Manufacturing	8,830	7,000	1,825
41 Wholesale trade	1,835	1,340	500
44-45 Retail trade	10,070	4,650	5,420
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,160	2,575	590
51 Information and cultural industries	1,390	810	585
52 Finance and insurance	2,155	840	1,315
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	840	495	350
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,835	2,145	1,690
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	0	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,575	1,665	910
61 Educational services	6,275	1,830	4,440
62 Health care and social assistance	13,950	2,765	11,185
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,070	590	480
72 Accommodation and food services	5,080	2,265	2,815
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,710	1,840	1,865
91 Public administration	4,775	2,350	2,430
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	84,385	43,230	41,165
English	655	360	295
French	74,880	37,365	37,510
Non-official language	100	40	55
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	90	40	50
English and French	8,310	5,245	3,065
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	220	115	105
English, French and non-official language(s)	225	95	125
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	84,385	43,230	41,165
Single responses	83,290	42,580	40,710
Official languages	83,135	42,500	40,635
English	1,690	990	695
French	81,445	41,505	39,940
Non-official languages	155	80	75
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	10	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10
Atikamekw	10	0	10
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	150	80	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	60	30
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	50	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	80	50	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20
Chinese languages	25	0	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	0	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,100	650	450
English and French	1,025	625	400
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	84,385	43,230	41,165
None	76,690	38,400	38,285
English	6,330	4,020	2,310
French	1,025	645	380
Non-official language	165	75	85
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	160	70	85
English and French	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	125	60	60
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	73,525	37,320	36,210
Worked at home	11,270	5,285	5,985
Worked outside Canada	105	85	25
No fixed workplace address	7,470	5,385	2,085
Usual place of work	54,685	26,565	28,120
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	54,685	26,565	28,120
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	39,710	18,200	21,510
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,200	995	1,205
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,725	7,340	5,385
Commute to a different province or territory	50	35	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	62,155	31,950	30,205
Car, truck or van	56,735	29,290	27,445
Car, truck or van - as a driver	54,045	28,085	25,960
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,690	1,210	1,480
Public transit	1,290	470	820
Walked	2,940	1,395	1,540
Bicycle	395	325	70
Other method	800	470	335
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	62,155	31,950	30,205
Less than 15 minutes	27,890	13,330	14,560
15 to 29 minutes	23,175	11,570	11,605
30 to 44 minutes	7,170	4,265	2,910
45 to 59 minutes	1,690	1,070	620
60 minutes and over	2,225	1,715	510
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	62,155	31,950	30,205
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,950	2,305	645
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,920	6,800	3,120
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	21,280	10,440	10,845
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,395	5,110	8,280
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,395	2,180	3,215
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,215	5,110	4,100
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	28,435	14,665	13,765
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,965	1,415	1,550
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,470	13,250	12,220
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,685	10,690	10,000
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,325	1,085	1,240
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,750	780	975
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575	305	265
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,360	9,605	8,760

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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