Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	PeterboroughMore information: Ontario [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	128,624	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	121,721	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	57,761	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	53,370	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	85.3	...	...	85.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,508.44	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	128,625	61,880	66,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,930	9,655	9,270	14.7	15.6	13.9
0 to 4 years	5,710	2,950	2,760	4.4	4.8	4.1
5 to 9 years	6,635	3,425	3,210	5.2	5.5	4.8
10 to 14 years	6,585	3,280	3,305	5.1	5.3	5.0
15 to 64 years	78,155	38,000	40,160	60.8	61.4	60.2
15 to 19 years	6,405	3,245	3,165	5.0	5.2	4.7
20 to 24 years	7,975	3,950	4,025	6.2	6.4	6.0
25 to 29 years	8,035	4,010	4,025	6.2	6.5	6.0
30 to 34 years	7,890	3,905	3,985	6.1	6.3	6.0
35 to 39 years	7,795	3,830	3,960	6.1	6.2	5.9
40 to 44 years	6,775	3,255	3,525	5.3	5.3	5.3
45 to 49 years	6,775	3,360	3,410	5.3	5.4	5.1
50 to 54 years	7,320	3,455	3,865	5.7	5.6	5.8
55 to 59 years	9,230	4,365	4,860	7.2	7.1	7.3
60 to 64 years	9,960	4,630	5,335	7.7	7.5	8.0
65 years and over	31,535	14,225	17,315	24.5	23.0	25.9
65 to 69 years	9,245	4,370	4,870	7.2	7.1	7.3
70 to 74 years	8,255	3,840	4,415	6.4	6.2	6.6
75 to 79 years	5,760	2,680	3,080	4.5	4.3	4.6
80 to 84 years	3,865	1,700	2,165	3.0	2.7	3.2
85 years and over	4,415	1,635	2,780	3.4	2.6	4.2
85 to 89 years	2,575	1,070	1,505	2.0	1.7	2.3
90 to 94 years	1,330	450	875	1.0	0.7	1.3
95 to 99 years	450	95	350	0.3	0.2	0.5
100 years and over	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.6	13.9	14.7	15.6	13.9
15 to 64 years	60.8	61.4	60.2	60.8	61.4	60.2
65 years and over	24.5	23.0	25.9	24.5	23.0	25.9
85 years and over	3.4	2.6	4.2	3.4	2.6	4.2
Average age of the population	44.6	43.4	45.7	44.6	43.4	45.7
Median age of the population	45.2	43.6	46.8	45.2	43.6	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	36,900	...	...	69.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	875	...	...	1.6	...	...
Row house	3,195	...	...	6.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,745	...	...	5.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,785	...	...	12.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,590	...	...	4.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,220	...	...	28.5	...	...
2 persons	19,960	...	...	37.4	...	...
3 persons	7,755	...	...	14.5	...	...
4 persons	6,535	...	...	12.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,895	...	...	7.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	125,995	60,900	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	109,690	52,225	57,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	61,890	30,845	31,040	56.4	59.1	54.0
Married	49,115	24,490	24,625	44.8	46.9	42.8
Living common-law	12,775	6,360	6,415	11.6	12.2	11.2
Living common law - Never married	8,890	4,450	4,440	8.1	8.5	7.7
Living common law - Separated	715	365	350	0.7	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,760	1,370	1,385	2.5	2.6	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	410	175	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	47,805	21,375	26,430	43.6	40.9	46.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,275	15,400	13,875	26.7	29.5	24.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,465	1,430	2,035	3.2	2.7	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,400	2,900	4,505	6.7	5.6	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,665	1,650	6,015	7.0	3.2	10.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	36,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,895	...	...	57.2	...	...
3 persons	7,120	...	...	19.5	...	...
4 persons	5,975	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,510	...	...	6.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	30,290	...	...	83.0	...	...
Married couples	23,900	...	...	65.5	...	...
With children⁶	10,845	...	...	29.7	...	...
Without children	13,060	...	...	35.8	...	...
Common-law couples	6,385	...	...	17.5	...	...
With children⁶	2,415	...	...	6.6	...	...
Without children	3,975	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,215	...	...	17.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,895	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,320	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	125,995	60,895	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	100,465	49,485	50,975	79.7	81.3	78.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	60,580	30,225	30,355	48.1	49.6	46.6
Parents in one-parent families	6,215	1,320	4,895	4.9	2.2	7.5
Children⁶	33,670	17,945	15,725	26.7	29.5	24.2
In a two-parent family	24,260	12,770	11,485	19.3	21.0	17.6
In a one-parent family	9,415	5,170	4,245	7.5	8.5	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,530	11,410	14,120	20.3	18.7	21.7
Living alone	15,225	6,295	8,925	12.1	10.3	13.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,930	1,200	1,735	2.3	2.0	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	7,375	3,915	3,455	5.9	6.4	5.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,725	...	...	59.4	...	...
Couple-family households	27,060	...	...	50.7	...	...
With children⁶	11,805	...	...	22.1	...	...
Without children	15,260	...	...	28.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,665	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,495	...	...	2.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,835	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,745	...	...	5.1	...	...
One-person households	15,220	...	...	28.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	107,090	51,260	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,770	49,435	54,335	96.9	96.4	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,600	36,000	39,200	43,600	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,805	49,455	54,350	96.9	96.5	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,800	35,600	39,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,865	44,260	47,605	85.8	86.3	85.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	38,000	26,200	31,800	38,000	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,745	35,920	34,825	66.1	70.1	62.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	34,800	28,600	31,400	34,800	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,175	44,720	50,455	88.9	87.2	90.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	9,600	12,300	11,200	9,600	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,175	4,245	4,930	8.6	8.3	8.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,560	5,520	5,520	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,650	13,115	14,535	25.8	25.6	26.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	107,095	51,240	55,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,690	49,360	54,325	96.8	96.3	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,360	57,050	44,240	50,360	57,050	44,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,740	49,385	54,350	96.9	96.4	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,680	47,400	38,400	42,680	47,400	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,870	44,520	47,350	85.8	86.9	84.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,640	52,500	37,280	44,640	52,500	37,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,740	36,020	34,725	66.1	70.3	62.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,440	48,480	38,240	43,440	48,480	38,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,205	44,745	50,460	88.9	87.3	90.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,730	10,670	12,670	11,730	10,670	12,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,425	4,460	4,960	8.8	8.7	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,630	6,235	6,990	6,630	6,235	6,990
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,395	12,915	14,475	25.6	25.2	25.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,770	8,570	8,950	8,770	8,570	8,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	107,090	51,245	55,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,545	16,510	14,030	28.5	32.2	25.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	66,000	56,400	61,200	66,000	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,300	78,500	62,950	71,300	78,500	62,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,280	12,845	15,435	26.4	25.1	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	18,000	16,200	17,000	18,000	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,160	29,080	23,780	26,160	29,080	23,780
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.6	83.0	73.4	78.6	83.0	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.9	62.0	55.2	58.9	62.0	55.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.4	17.0	26.6	21.4	17.0	26.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.4	6.5	5.4	4.4	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.9	5.4	4.6	3.9	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	107,090	51,255	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,320	1,820	1,495	3.1	3.6	2.7
With total income	103,770	49,435	54,335	96.9	96.4	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,575	3,410	4,165	7.3	6.9	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	13,705	5,770	7,940	13.2	11.7	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	17,400	7,185	10,220	16.8	14.5	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	14,185	6,180	8,005	13.7	12.5	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	12,505	5,875	6,625	12.1	11.9	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,570	4,690	4,880	9.2	9.5	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,100	3,505	3,595	6.8	7.1	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	5,380	2,920	2,460	5.2	5.9	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,910	2,205	1,705	3.8	4.5	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,050	1,720	1,335	2.9	3.5	2.5
$100,000 and over	9,385	5,980	3,410	9.0	12.1	6.3
$100,000 to $149,999	6,615	4,030	2,590	6.4	8.2	4.8
$150,000 and over	2,770	1,950	825	2.7	3.9	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	107,090	51,255	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,285	1,805	1,480	3.1	3.5	2.7
With after-tax income	103,805	49,455	54,350	96.9	96.5	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,090	3,565	4,525	7.8	7.2	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	14,225	5,985	8,240	13.7	12.1	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	19,655	8,185	11,475	18.9	16.6	21.1
$30,000 to $39,999	16,740	7,585	9,150	16.1	15.3	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	13,790	6,730	7,055	13.3	13.6	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,705	4,820	4,890	9.3	9.7	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,850	3,680	3,170	6.6	7.4	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,505	2,515	1,985	4.3	5.1	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,795	2,065	1,730	3.7	4.2	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,035	1,275	760	2.0	2.6	1.4
$100,000 and over	4,415	3,055	1,360	4.3	6.2	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,320	1,585	740	2.2	3.2	1.4
$125,000 and over	2,095	1,470	625	2.0	3.0	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	107,090	51,255	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	36,350	15,340	21,005	33.9	29.9	37.6
With employment income	70,740	35,915	34,825	66.1	70.1	62.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,065	7,005	6,060	18.5	19.5	17.4
$5,000 to $9,999	5,815	2,525	3,295	8.2	7.0	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,880	3,945	4,940	12.6	11.0	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,650	3,070	3,585	9.4	8.5	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,475	3,035	3,440	9.2	8.5	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	5,995	2,820	3,170	8.5	7.9	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,970	2,490	2,475	7.0	6.9	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,110	2,150	1,960	5.8	6.0	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,170	1,750	1,420	4.5	4.9	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,575	1,450	1,125	3.6	4.0	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,565	1,320	1,250	3.6	3.7	3.6
$100,000 and over	6,460	4,365	2,095	9.1	12.2	6.0
$100,000 to $124,999	3,360	2,125	1,235	4.7	5.9	3.5
$125,000 and over	3,095	2,235	860	4.4	6.2	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	107,090	51,260	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,050	48,570	53,485	95.3	94.8	95.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,400	33,200	37,200	42,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,105	48,580	53,525	95.3	94.8	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,000	30,800	34,000	38,000	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,195	43,885	47,310	85.2	85.6	84.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,600	28,400	33,200	39,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,310	36,095	35,215	66.6	70.4	63.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,800	30,600	33,600	36,800	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,520	42,575	47,945	84.5	83.1	85.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	2,940	7,900	6,200	2,940	7,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,320	3,320	4,000	6.8	6.5	7.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,280	5,240	5,240	5,280	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	107,095	51,240	55,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,050	48,495	53,555	95.3	94.6	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,360	55,650	41,720	48,360	55,650	41,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,115	48,510	53,610	95.3	94.7	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,720	45,800	36,080	40,720	45,800	36,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,335	44,060	47,270	85.3	86.0	84.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,400	53,800	37,600	45,400	53,800	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,435	36,145	35,290	66.7	70.5	63.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,160	38,480	44,400	50,160	38,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,595	42,600	47,995	84.6	83.1	85.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,680	7,730	9,520	8,680	7,730	9,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,350	3,290	4,065	6.9	6.4	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,620	6,100	7,040	6,620	6,100	7,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	107,090	51,245	55,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,280	16,355	13,925	28.3	31.9	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	63,600	52,800	58,400	63,600	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,500	75,900	59,750	68,500	75,900	59,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,865	12,195	14,670	25.1	23.8	26.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	24,000	20,800	22,000	24,000	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,840	36,160	28,240	31,840	36,160	28,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.0	87.8	79.6	84.0	87.8	79.6
Employment income (%)	64.2	67.2	60.8	64.2	67.2	60.8
Government transfers (%)	15.9	12.2	20.5	15.9	12.2	20.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	53,370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	38,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	53,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,800	...	...	97,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,320	...	...	48,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,400	...	...	41,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	38,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,500	...	...	117,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	380	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	290	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	610	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,185	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,215	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,060	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,870	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,070	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,195	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,120	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,320	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,075	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,730	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,455	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,065	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,735	...	...	37.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,340	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,340	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,920	...	...	9.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,140	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	435	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	635	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,230	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,310	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,410	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,125	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,420	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,475	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,490	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,980	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,660	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,215	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,830	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,435	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,420	...	...	28.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,135	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,740	...	...	7.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,545	...	...	10.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	36,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,595	10,210	12,385	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	33,200	33,600	33,600	33,200	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	31,200	31,400	31,400	31,200	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	36,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,100	...	...	118,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,700	...	...	99,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,630	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,900	...	...	103,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,200	...	...	152,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,500	...	...	126,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...	76,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,275	9,940	12,340	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	44,960	41,760	43,200	44,960	41,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,480	38,480	36,680	37,480	38,480	36,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	125,995	60,900	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,635	11,585	11,050	18.0	19.0	17.0
0 to 5 years	6,975	3,615	3,365	5.5	5.9	5.2
18 to 64 years	73,900	35,710	38,190	58.7	58.6	58.7
65 years and over	29,460	13,600	15,860	23.4	22.3	24.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,630	6,220	7,415	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,575	1,315	1,255	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	810	410	400	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,720	3,660	4,060	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,340	1,245	2,095	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	10.2	11.4	10.8	10.2	11.4
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.4	11.4	11.4	11.4	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6	11.4	11.9	11.6	11.4	11.9
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	10.3	10.6	10.4	10.3	10.6
65 years and over (%)	11.3	9.1	13.2	11.3	9.1	13.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	124,405	60,135	64,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,335	11,415	10,920	18.0	19.0	17.0
0 to 5 years	6,895	3,570	3,325	5.5	5.9	5.2
18 to 64 years	72,975	35,280	37,695	58.7	58.7	58.6
65 years and over	29,095	13,435	15,660	23.4	22.3	24.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,665	2,955	2,710	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	575	280	290	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	170	90	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,715	2,510	2,205	...	...	...
65 years and over	375	165	215	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.9	4.2	4.6	4.9	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.5	7.1	5.9	6.5	7.1	5.9
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	125,995	60,900	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	66,205	31,180	35,025	52.5	51.2	53.8
In bottom decile	13,495	6,450	7,050	10.7	10.6	10.8
In second decile	13,430	6,040	7,385	10.7	9.9	11.3
In third decile	13,315	6,225	7,090	10.6	10.2	10.9
In fourth decile	12,990	6,185	6,805	10.3	10.2	10.5
In fifth decile	12,970	6,285	6,695	10.3	10.3	10.3
In top half of the distribution	59,785	29,720	30,065	47.5	48.8	46.2
In sixth decile	12,845	6,285	6,555	10.2	10.3	10.1
In seventh decile	12,435	6,150	6,285	9.9	10.1	9.7
In eighth decile	12,260	6,100	6,160	9.7	10.0	9.5
In ninth decile	11,935	5,965	5,970	9.5	9.8	9.2
In top decile	10,315	5,215	5,100	8.2	8.6	7.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	125,990	...	...	125,990	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448	...	...	0.448	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	127,035	61,330	65,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	117,455	57,395	60,060	92.5	93.6	91.4
French only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	9,175	3,765	5,410	7.2	6.1	8.2
Neither English nor French	380	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	127,035	61,330	65,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	125,370	60,625	64,745	98.7	98.9	98.5
French	1,135	470	665	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	355	145	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	127,035	61,330	65,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	125,255	60,500	64,755	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	117,690	56,860	60,830	92.6	92.7	92.6
English	116,475	56,350	60,125	91.7	91.9	91.5
French	1,215	510	700	1.0	0.8	1.1
Non-official languages	7,565	3,645	3,925	6.0	5.9	6.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,495	3,615	3,880	5.9	5.9	5.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	525	280	245	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	505	270	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	465	255	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	290	115	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	225	90	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	385	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	255	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	360	200	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,710	2,325	2,385	3.7	3.8	3.6
Albanian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	855	385	470	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	825	375	450	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	430	190	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,170	530	635	0.9	0.9	1.0
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	610	265	345	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	590	260	330	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	475	230	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	445	210	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,440	795	640	1.1	1.3	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,170	655	515	0.9	1.1	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	320	185	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	290	165	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	255	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	270	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,050	515	540	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	330	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	440	210	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	615	270	345	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	605	260	340	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	405	175	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	190	75	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,780	830	950	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	520	220	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,110	545	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	127,035	61,330	65,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	118,555	57,300	61,255	93.3	93.4	93.2
French	190	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	1,420	705	715	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,410	700	705	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	1,245	520	725	1.0	0.8	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	5,215	2,525	2,690	4.1	4.1	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	255	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	127,035	61,330	65,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	125,845	60,765	65,085	99.1	99.1	99.1
Official languages	122,750	59,230	63,520	96.6	96.6	96.7
English	122,445	59,090	63,350	96.4	96.3	96.4
French	305	140	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	3,100	1,530	1,570	2.4	2.5	2.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,085	1,525	1,560	2.4	2.5	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	335	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	325	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	315	165	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	185	95	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	190	100	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,515	770	745	1.2	1.3	1.1
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	825	445	380	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	665	360	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	180	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	165	100	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	290	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	400	180	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	390	170	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,185	565	620	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	985	485	500	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	127,035	61,330	65,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	121,125	58,550	62,575	95.3	95.5	95.2
English	1,415	680	735	1.1	1.1	1.1
French	1,000	420	585	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-official language	2,765	1,305	1,455	2.2	2.1	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	200	90	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,560	1,220	1,345	2.0	2.0	2.0
English and French	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	215	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	125,990	60,900	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	125,620	60,750	64,870	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	125,610	60,750	64,860	99.7	99.8	99.6
French	9,145	3,645	5,495	7.3	6.0	8.4
Non-official languages	11,345	5,480	5,865	9.0	9.0	9.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	395	170	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	360	150	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	345	140	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	345	140	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	285	115	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,980	5,330	5,655	8.7	8.8	8.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	660	315	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	640	310	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	570	270	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	365	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	305	135	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	520	225	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	475	205	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	580	340	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kannada	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	240	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	260	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	155	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,480	3,715	3,765	5.9	6.1	5.8
Albanian	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,080	460	615	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,050	455	600	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	660	285	375	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	60	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,790	885	910	1.4	1.5	1.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,135	580	555	0.9	1.0	0.9
German	1,110	570	540	0.9	0.9	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	610	285	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	75	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	540	245	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,305	1,250	1,055	1.8	2.1	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,960	1,085	870	1.6	1.8	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	490	270	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindi	1,205	695	510	1.0	1.1	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	610	375	235	0.5	0.6	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	360	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	375	175	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	140	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,210	1,090	1,125	1.8	1.8	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	480	255	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,470	715	755	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	210	90	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	200	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	740	330	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	680	305	375	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	465	215	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	125,990	60,900	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,370	3,010	3,365	5.1	4.9	5.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,070	2,860	3,210	4.8	4.7	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,440	2,125	2,315	3.5	3.5	3.6
Métis	1,585	715	870	1.3	1.2	1.3
Inuk (Inuit)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	185	95	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	119,625	57,890	61,735	94.9	95.1	94.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	125,990	60,900	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,850	1,355	1,495	2.3	2.2	2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	123,145	59,540	63,600	97.7	97.8	97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	37,125	...	...	69.6	...	...
Renter	16,185	...	...	30.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,360	...	...	4.4	...	...
Not condominium	51,010	...	...	95.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	270	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	5,525	...	...	10.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,820	...	...	22.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,905	...	...	37.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,855	...	...	29.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,070	...	...	20.7	...	...
5 rooms	7,310	...	...	13.7	...	...
6 rooms	8,170	...	...	15.3	...	...
7 rooms	7,860	...	...	14.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,960	...	...	35.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	53,010	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	360	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,645	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,725	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	17,445	...	...	32.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,175	...	...	28.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,995	...	...	13.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,960	...	...	9.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,300	...	...	4.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,370	...	...	4.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,960	...	...	3.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,165	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	50,080	...	...	93.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,290	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,160	...	...	49.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	24,730	...	...	46.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,475	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,620	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,575	...	...	12.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,670	...	...	14.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,705	...	...	14.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,920	...	...	20.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,535	...	...	19.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,985	...	...	11.2	...	...
85 years and over	2,370	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	51,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,505	...	...	77.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,490	...	...	22.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,615	...	...	20.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	53,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,975	...	...	28.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,140	...	...	19.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,205	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,140	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	340	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	965	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	38,400	...	...	72.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,930	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not in core need	45,185	...	...	88.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,005	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.8	...	...	54.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.8	...	...	12.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...	1,340	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	619,000	...	...	619,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,095	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.2	...	...	16.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.0	...	...	43.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	27.8	...	...	27.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,120	...	...	1,120	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,207	...	...	1,207	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	65	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	25.0	...	...	25.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	516	...	...	516	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	580	...	...	580	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	125,995	60,895	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,525	1,155	1,365	2.0	1.9	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,455	1,125	1,325	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,105	985	1,125	1.7	1.6	1.7
Métis single ancestry	340	145	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,470	2,585	2,890	4.3	4.2	4.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,320	2,525	2,795	4.2	4.1	4.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,170	1,965	2,205	3.3	3.2	3.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,115	545	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	118,000	57,155	60,840	93.7	93.9	93.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	125,995	60,895	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	122,095	58,885	63,210	96.9	96.7	97.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,295	11,455	10,845	17.7	18.8	16.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	99,795	47,435	52,370	79.2	77.9	80.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,900	2,015	1,885	3.1	3.3	2.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	125,995	60,895	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	113,400	54,735	58,660	90.0	89.9	90.1
Immigrants⁸¹	10,975	5,240	5,735	8.7	8.6	8.8
Before 1980	4,805	2,290	2,515	3.8	3.8	3.9
1980 to 1990	1,230	590	640	1.0	1.0	1.0
1991 to 2000	1,260	565	695	1.0	0.9	1.1
2001 to 2010	1,590	740	855	1.3	1.2	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,090	1,055	1,030	1.7	1.7	1.6
2011 to 2015	795	390	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
2016 to 2021	1,300	670	630	1.0	1.1	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,615	920	695	1.3	1.5	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	10,975	5,240	5,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,535	765	765	14.0	14.6	13.3
5 to 14 years	2,295	1,135	1,165	20.9	21.7	20.3
15 to 24 years	2,265	1,050	1,210	20.6	20.0	21.1
25 to 44 years	4,150	1,935	2,220	37.8	36.9	38.7
45 years and over	735	350	380	6.7	6.7	6.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	10,975	5,240	5,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,660	820	840	15.1	15.6	14.6
Brazil	40	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Colombia	100	65	35	0.9	1.2	0.6
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	115	65	50	1.0	1.2	0.9
Haiti	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Jamaica	140	75	60	1.3	1.4	1.0
Mexico	85	45	40	0.8	0.9	0.7
Peru	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	60	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.5
United States of America	775	330	445	7.1	6.3	7.8
Other places of birth in Americas	300	170	130	2.7	3.2	2.3
Europe	5,430	2,560	2,870	49.5	48.9	50.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Croatia	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
France	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Germany	560	295	260	5.1	5.6	4.5
Greece	50	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hungary	60	20	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
Italy	215	125	95	2.0	2.4	1.7
Netherlands	510	260	255	4.6	5.0	4.4
Poland	400	145	255	3.6	2.8	4.4
Portugal	75	25	50	0.7	0.5	0.9
Romania	80	40	40	0.7	0.8	0.7
Russian Federation	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	30	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,670	1,275	1,390	24.3	24.3	24.2
Other places of birth in Europe	655	285	370	6.0	5.4	6.5
Africa	530	275	255	4.8	5.2	4.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	75	40	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	70	25	40	0.6	0.5	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	70	55	1.1	1.3	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	240	125	115	2.2	2.4	2.0
Asia	3,260	1,530	1,730	29.7	29.2	30.2
Afghanistan	135	65	70	1.2	1.2	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	95	50	45	0.9	1.0	0.8
Iraq	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	285	145	140	2.6	2.8	2.4
Turkey	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	375	150	225	3.4	2.9	3.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	20	40	0.5	0.4	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	240	95	145	2.2	1.8	2.5
Taiwan	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	460	210	250	4.2	4.0	4.4
Viet Nam	230	105	130	2.1	2.0	2.3
Bangladesh	50	35	20	0.5	0.7	0.3
India	630	325	305	5.7	6.2	5.3
Pakistan	205	110	95	1.9	2.1	1.7
Sri Lanka	105	50	60	1.0	1.0	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	270	140	130	2.5	2.7	2.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	50	45	0.9	1.0	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,300	670	625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	205	130	75	15.8	19.4	12.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	10	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	1.2	1.5	0.0
Mexico	40	25	15	3.1	3.7	2.4
United States of America	65	35	25	5.0	5.2	4.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	10	0.8	1.5	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	65	40	25	5.0	6.0	4.0
Europe	110	60	55	8.5	9.0	8.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.4
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	45	25	5.4	6.7	4.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	10	1.5	0.0	1.6
Africa	90	30	60	6.9	4.5	9.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	15	15	2.7	2.2	2.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.4
Asia	885	450	440	68.1	67.2	70.4
Afghanistan	30	15	15	2.3	2.2	2.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	0	25	2.7	0.0	4.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	195	125	75	15.0	18.7	12.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	15	15	0	1.2	2.2	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10	1.2	1.5	1.6
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	30	20	15	2.3	3.0	2.4
Philippines	155	85	65	11.9	12.7	10.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	40	15	25	3.1	2.2	4.0
Syria⁸⁹	285	145	135	21.9	21.6	21.6
Turkey	15	10	10	1.2	1.5	1.6
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	0	25	1.9	0.0	4.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	1.5	1.5	1.6
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	125,990	60,900	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,530	6,580	6,950	10.7	10.8	10.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	18,010	8,635	9,375	14.3	14.2	14.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	94,450	45,685	48,765	75.0	75.0	74.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,175	2,950	3,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,840	1,455	1,380	46.0	49.3	42.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,255	820	440	20.3	27.8	13.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,580	635	940	25.6	21.5	29.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,010	815	1,195	32.6	27.6	37.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,235	625	615	20.0	21.2	19.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	90	55	35	1.5	1.9	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,175	2,950	3,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	350	175	175	5.7	5.9	5.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	730	415	315	11.8	14.1	9.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	190	95	95	3.1	3.2	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	400	195	205	6.5	6.6	6.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	10	60	1.1	0.3	1.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,425	2,060	2,370	71.7	69.8	73.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	125,990	60,900	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,170	4,635	4,540	7.3	7.6	7.0
South Asian	2,965	1,660	1,305	2.4	2.7	2.0
Chinese	1,040	470	570	0.8	0.8	0.9
Black	1,530	780	750	1.2	1.3	1.2
Filipino	645	280	370	0.5	0.5	0.6
Arab	505	260	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin American	500	290	210	0.4	0.5	0.3
Southeast Asian	580	260	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
West Asian	305	155	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	350	155	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	320	130	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	116,820	56,265	60,555	92.7	92.4	93.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	125,995	60,900	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,965	10,280	10,680	16.6	16.9	16.4
English	41,910	20,060	21,855	33.3	32.9	33.6
Irish	38,330	17,820	20,510	30.4	29.3	31.5
Scottish	31,635	15,065	16,565	25.1	24.7	25.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,440	5,340	6,095	9.1	8.8	9.4
German	11,445	5,425	6,020	9.1	8.9	9.2
Chinese	1,185	550	635	0.9	0.9	1.0
Italian	4,980	2,480	2,495	4.0	4.1	3.8
Indian (India)	1,860	1,090	765	1.5	1.8	1.2
Ukrainian	2,430	1,170	1,260	1.9	1.9	1.9
Dutch	7,430	3,550	3,880	5.9	5.8	6.0
Polish	3,555	1,630	1,930	2.8	2.7	3.0
Québécois	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,660	3,240	3,425	5.3	5.3	5.3
Filipino	690	285	405	0.5	0.5	0.6
French Canadian	1,530	600	925	1.2	1.0	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,985	1,505	1,480	2.4	2.5	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,730	1,255	1,470	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis	1,675	775	900	1.3	1.3	1.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,375	1,180	1,190	1.9	1.9	1.8
Russian	660	260	400	0.5	0.4	0.6
Norwegian	805	300	500	0.6	0.5	0.8
Welsh	3,035	1,325	1,705	2.4	2.2	2.6
Portuguese	895	455	445	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	1,365	680	685	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	645	310	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	745	300	435	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hungarian	960	485	475	0.8	0.8	0.7
Acadian	315	145	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	335	145	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jewish	585	260	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Punjabi	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	285	120	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	300	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	545	285	260	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	565	265	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	180	65	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	340	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	345	150	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	345	145	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	100	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	485	255	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	705	340	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	940	400	540	0.7	0.7	0.8
Sikh	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	530	235	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belgian	425	195	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	295	180	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexican	215	125	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	490	210	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Finnish	575	285	290	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sri Lankan	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	260	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	230	75	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	375	215	155	0.3	0.4	0.2
Muslim	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	160	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	155	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	365	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	215	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	260	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	185	75	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	1,160	595	565	0.9	1.0	0.9
Newfoundlander	340	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	975	460	515	0.8	0.8	0.8
Persian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	250	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	185	60	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	155	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	250	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	175	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovenian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	360	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	80	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sudanese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	290	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Zimbabwean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	125,990	60,900	65,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	430	170	255	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian	67,020	30,575	36,445	53.2	50.2	56.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,210	3,715	4,500	6.5	6.1	6.9
Anabaptist	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	7,625	3,325	4,300	6.1	5.5	6.6
Baptist	1,640	730	910	1.3	1.2	1.4
Catholic	25,980	12,140	13,845	20.6	19.9	21.3
Christian Orthodox	460	210	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	270	110	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	265	90	180	0.2	0.1	0.3
Lutheran	575	265	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	500	230	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,740	810	930	1.4	1.3	1.4
Presbyterian	2,115	950	1,170	1.7	1.6	1.8
Reformed	515	270	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Church	11,705	5,215	6,495	9.3	8.6	10.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,305	2,485	2,825	4.2	4.1	4.3
Hindu	1,210	715	495	1.0	1.2	0.8
Jewish	330	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	1,355	630	725	1.1	1.0	1.1
Sikh	360	210	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	305	130	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,230	465	770	1.0	0.8	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	53,755	27,835	25,925	42.7	45.7	39.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	124,990	60,395	64,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	111,160	53,780	57,375	88.9	89.0	88.8
Movers	13,830	6,610	7,225	11.1	10.9	11.2
Non-migrants	7,220	3,490	3,725	5.8	5.8	5.8
Migrants	6,615	3,115	3,495	5.3	5.2	5.4
Internal migrants	6,300	2,970	3,330	5.0	4.9	5.2
Intraprovincial migrants	5,975	2,805	3,175	4.8	4.6	4.9
Interprovincial migrants	320	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	315	150	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	120,205	57,910	62,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	75,395	36,250	39,145	62.7	62.6	62.8
Movers	44,810	21,655	23,155	37.3	37.4	37.2
Non-migrants	16,240	7,910	8,335	13.5	13.7	13.4
Migrants	28,565	13,745	14,820	23.8	23.7	23.8
Internal migrants	26,040	12,410	13,635	21.7	21.4	21.9
Intraprovincial migrants	24,705	11,770	12,935	20.6	20.3	20.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,335	640	695	1.1	1.1	1.1
External migrants	2,525	1,340	1,190	2.1	2.3	1.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	107,090	51,245	55,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,690	9,375	8,320	16.5	18.3	14.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	89,400	41,870	47,530	83.5	81.7	85.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,435	30,555	32,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,235	3,655	2,585	9.8	12.0	7.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,195	26,900	30,295	90.2	88.0	92.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	107,095	51,240	55,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,720	8,270	7,450	14.7	16.1	13.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,080	16,120	15,955	30.0	31.5	28.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	59,290	26,845	32,445	55.4	52.4	58.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,720	16,615	19,105	33.4	32.4	34.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,280	4,565	1,710	5.9	8.9	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,695	1,665	1,035	2.5	3.2	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,585	2,910	675	3.3	5.7	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	27,815	11,400	16,415	26.0	22.2	29.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,625	640	985	1.5	1.2	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,570	10,230	13,340	22.0	20.0	23.9
Bachelor's degree	16,385	6,845	9,540	15.3	13.4	17.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,550	675	870	1.4	1.3	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	605	335	265	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	4,195	1,890	2,305	3.9	3.7	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	845	495	350	0.8	1.0	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,430	30,550	32,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,375	3,195	2,175	8.5	10.5	6.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,085	9,540	7,545	26.9	31.2	23.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,970	17,815	23,155	64.6	58.3	70.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,110	11,055	13,060	38.0	36.2	39.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,655	2,645	1,005	5.8	8.7	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,575	990	585	2.5	3.2	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,075	1,650	425	3.3	5.4	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,525	8,015	11,505	30.8	26.2	35.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	940	395	540	1.5	1.3	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,855	6,760	10,100	26.6	22.1	30.7
Bachelor's degree	11,800	4,670	7,135	18.6	15.3	21.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,045	405	640	1.6	1.3	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	450	220	230	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	3,035	1,210	1,825	4.8	4.0	5.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	520	260	265	0.8	0.9	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	107,090	51,240	55,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,805	24,395	23,405	44.6	47.6	41.9
Education	4,070	965	3,100	3.8	1.9	5.6
13. Education	4,070	965	3,100	3.8	1.9	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,880	825	1,060	1.8	1.6	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	265	215	55	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,620	610	1,005	1.5	1.2	1.8
Humanities	3,400	1,380	2,020	3.2	2.7	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195	40	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	980	285	690	0.9	0.6	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	590	245	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	145	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	250	130	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	430	245	185	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	685	380	310	0.6	0.7	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	25	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,530	2,350	5,180	7.0	4.6	9.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	235	65	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	520	220	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,460	80	1,375	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,050	285	765	1.0	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	300	115	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,435	355	1,080	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	2,530	1,240	1,295	2.4	2.4	2.3
Business, management and public administration	10,305	4,030	6,270	9.6	7.9	11.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,520	300	1,220	1.4	0.6	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,770	3,725	5,045	8.2	7.3	9.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,525	1,175	1,355	2.4	2.3	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,365	575	790	1.3	1.1	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	445	190	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	515	350	165	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	40	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,830	1,155	675	1.7	2.3	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,355	900	455	1.3	1.8	0.8
25. Library science	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	300	175	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,620	9,890	730	9.9	19.3	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	230	160	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,540	1,310	230	1.4	2.6	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,985	2,705	280	2.8	5.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,540	2,475	65	2.4	4.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,140	2,110	30	2.0	4.1	0.1
48. Precision production	1,190	1,135	55	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,790	1,010	780	1.7	2.0	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	825	430	395	0.8	0.8	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	965	580	380	0.9	1.1	0.7
Health and related fields	10,780	1,805	8,970	10.1	3.5	16.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	995	500	495	0.9	1.0	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,530	1,185	8,340	8.9	2.3	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,505	2,240	2,270	4.2	4.4	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,000	445	1,555	1.9	0.9	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,820	1,145	670	1.7	2.2	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	650	615	40	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,430	30,555	32,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,460	12,740	9,720	35.4	41.7	29.6
Education	2,725	600	2,125	4.3	2.0	6.5
13. Education	2,725	600	2,125	4.3	2.0	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,240	510	730	2.0	1.7	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	100	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,100	405	695	1.7	1.3	2.1
Humanities	2,075	810	1,265	3.3	2.7	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	25	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	595	165	425	0.9	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	295	130	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	105	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	190	100	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	125	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	455	230	225	0.7	0.8	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,470	1,550	3,920	8.6	5.1	11.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	195	50	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	420	160	260	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,085	60	1,020	1.7	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	800	195	610	1.3	0.6	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	235	90	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
42. Psychology	985	185	800	1.6	0.6	2.4
45. Social sciences	1,745	805	940	2.8	2.6	2.9
Business, management and public administration	7,305	2,700	4,605	11.5	8.8	14.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,190	200	990	1.9	0.7	3.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,110	2,505	3,605	9.6	8.2	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,725	745	980	2.7	2.4	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	985	420	570	1.6	1.4	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	305	115	195	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	325	195	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,325	895	430	2.1	2.9	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,060	745	310	1.7	2.4	0.9
25. Library science	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	105	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,785	6,220	565	10.7	20.4	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	180	115	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,040	835	205	1.6	2.7	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,890	1,675	215	3.0	5.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,645	1,605	40	2.6	5.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,335	1,320	10	2.1	4.3	0.0
48. Precision production	705	670	30	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,385	725	660	2.2	2.4	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	640	305	330	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	750	420	330	1.2	1.4	1.0
Health and related fields	7,470	1,310	6,165	11.8	4.3	18.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	760	360	400	1.2	1.2	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,510	870	5,640	10.3	2.8	17.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,430	1,730	1,700	5.4	5.7	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,495	355	1,130	2.4	1.2	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,450	905	545	2.3	3.0	1.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	475	455	20	0.7	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	63,430	30,555	32,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,460	12,740	9,720	35.4	41.7	29.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,970	17,815	23,155	64.6	58.3	70.4
Location of study inside Canada	37,960	16,365	21,595	59.8	53.6	65.7
Same as province or territory of residence	36,200	15,575	20,630	57.1	51.0	62.7
Different than province or territory of residence	1,765	790	965	2.8	2.6	2.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,005	1,445	1,560	4.7	4.7	4.7
Americas	875	385	480	1.4	1.3	1.5
United States of America	685	290	390	1.1	0.9	1.2
Mexico	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	815	445	370	1.3	1.5	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	425	230	195	0.7	0.8	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,125	525	595	1.8	1.7	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	215	90	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Viet Nam	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	520	275	245	0.8	0.9	0.7
Pakistan	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	120	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Australia	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	107,095	51,240	55,850	...	...	...
In the labour force	61,950	31,300	30,655	...	...	...
Employed	53,900	27,500	26,400	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,055	3,800	4,255	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	45,135	19,945	25,200	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.8	61.1	54.9	57.8	61.1	54.9
Employment rate	50.3	53.7	47.3	50.3	53.7	47.3
Unemployment rate	13.0	12.1	13.9	13.0	12.1	13.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	107,090	51,240	55,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	45,530	20,375	25,145	42.5	39.8	45.0
Worked	61,560	30,865	30,705	57.5	60.2	55.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,330	17,020	14,310	29.3	33.2	25.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,235	13,840	16,395	28.2	27.0	29.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	41.7	40.5	41.1	41.7	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	61,950	31,295	30,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,865	950	915	3.0	3.0	3.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	60,085	30,350	29,740	97.0	97.0	97.0
Employee	51,250	24,975	26,270	82.7	79.8	85.7
Permanent position	43,205	20,980	22,220	69.7	67.0	72.5
Temporary position	8,045	3,995	4,050	13.0	12.8	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,215	935	1,280	3.6	3.0	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,830	3,065	2,765	9.4	9.8	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,840	5,370	3,470	14.3	17.2	11.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	61,950	31,295	30,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,865	950	915	3.0	3.0	3.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	60,085	30,350	29,740	97.0	97.0	97.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	615	400	210	1.0	1.3	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,510	2,415	6,100	13.7	7.7	19.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,745	2,870	875	6.0	9.2	2.9
3 Health occupations	6,040	1,045	5,000	9.7	3.3	16.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,455	2,830	5,630	13.6	9.0	18.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,690	750	940	2.7	2.4	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	16,475	7,310	9,165	26.6	23.4	29.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,480	9,655	830	16.9	30.9	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,505	1,130	375	2.4	3.6	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,565	1,950	615	4.1	6.2	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	61,950	31,295	30,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,865	950	915	3.0	3.0	3.0
All industries¹⁹¹	60,085	30,350	29,740	97.0	97.0	97.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,325	790	530	2.1	2.5	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	195	180	15	0.3	0.6	0.0
22 Utilities	1,005	850	155	1.6	2.7	0.5
23 Construction	5,415	4,895	520	8.7	15.6	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	4,115	3,100	1,015	6.6	9.9	3.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,755	1,235	515	2.8	3.9	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	7,825	3,745	4,085	12.6	12.0	13.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,170	1,605	570	3.5	5.1	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	910	555	350	1.5	1.8	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,660	665	995	2.7	2.1	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	970	505	470	1.6	1.6	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,455	1,765	1,690	5.6	5.6	5.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,220	1,835	1,380	5.2	5.9	4.5
61 Educational services	5,390	1,705	3,680	8.7	5.4	12.0
62 Health care and social assistance	10,085	1,795	8,295	16.3	5.7	27.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,410	765	640	2.3	2.4	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,610	1,625	1,990	5.8	5.2	6.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,585	1,220	1,370	4.2	3.9	4.5
91 Public administration	2,940	1,505	1,430	4.7	4.8	4.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,110	33,115	32,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,725	32,620	32,110	97.9	98.5	97.3
French	135	30	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	50	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	705	220	480	1.1	0.7	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	415	190	230	0.6	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,110	33,115	32,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,945	33,070	32,875	99.8	99.9	99.6
Official languages	65,760	32,980	32,785	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	65,520	32,925	32,595	99.1	99.4	98.8
French	240	55	185	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	185	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	180	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	95	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	165	45	120	0.2	0.1	0.4
English and French	115	30	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,110	33,115	32,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	65,120	32,740	32,380	98.5	98.9	98.1
English	185	60	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	480	170	310	0.7	0.5	0.9
Non-official language	265	105	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	220	90	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,900	27,500	26,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,695	5,170	6,520	21.7	18.8	24.7
Worked outside Canada	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
No fixed workplace address	6,850	5,185	1,675	12.7	18.9	6.3
Usual place of work	35,245	17,090	18,155	65.4	62.1	68.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,240	17,090	18,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,195	8,915	11,280	57.3	52.2	62.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,520	4,565	4,945	27.0	26.7	27.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,480	3,585	1,890	15.6	21.0	10.4
Commute to a different province or territory	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,095	22,270	19,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,315	19,965	17,350	88.6	89.6	87.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,315	18,510	15,805	81.5	83.1	79.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,000	1,455	1,540	7.1	6.5	7.8
Public transit	1,040	385	650	2.5	1.7	3.3
Walked	2,505	1,220	1,285	6.0	5.5	6.5
Bicycle	420	285	125	1.0	1.3	0.6
Other method	820	420	400	1.9	1.9	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,095	22,270	19,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,600	8,240	9,360	41.8	37.0	47.2
15 to 29 minutes	13,165	6,635	6,530	31.3	29.8	32.9
30 to 44 minutes	5,595	3,260	2,335	13.3	14.6	11.8
45 to 59 minutes	2,400	1,530	870	5.7	6.9	4.4
60 minutes and over	3,335	2,610	735	7.9	11.7	3.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,095	22,270	19,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,080	2,185	900	7.3	9.8	4.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,230	4,420	2,810	17.2	19.8	14.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,960	5,915	5,050	26.0	26.6	25.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,100	3,930	5,180	21.6	17.6	26.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,045	2,135	2,910	12.0	9.6	14.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,675	3,695	2,980	15.9	16.6	15.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,035	11,795	11,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,440	680	760	6.3	5.8	6.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,595	11,110	10,485	93.7	94.2	93.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,880	8,600	8,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,085	510	575	6.4	5.9	6.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	585	275	300	3.5	3.2	3.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	505	230	270	3.0	2.7	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,795	8,090	7,710	93.6	94.1	93.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table