Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	GuelphMore information: Ontario [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	165,588	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	151,984	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	67,685	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	64,175	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	278.3	...	...	278.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	595.08	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	165,590	81,105	84,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	26,935	13,930	13,000	16.3	17.2	15.4
0 to 4 years	8,345	4,240	4,105	5.0	5.2	4.9
5 to 9 years	9,245	4,825	4,415	5.6	5.9	5.2
10 to 14 years	9,345	4,870	4,475	5.6	6.0	5.3
15 to 64 years	110,700	54,855	55,845	66.9	67.6	66.1
15 to 19 years	9,795	4,960	4,840	5.9	6.1	5.7
20 to 24 years	11,725	5,940	5,790	7.1	7.3	6.9
25 to 29 years	12,035	6,090	5,945	7.3	7.5	7.0
30 to 34 years	11,945	5,950	5,995	7.2	7.3	7.1
35 to 39 years	11,520	5,740	5,780	7.0	7.1	6.8
40 to 44 years	10,565	5,125	5,435	6.4	6.3	6.4
45 to 49 years	10,680	5,170	5,510	6.4	6.4	6.5
50 to 54 years	10,760	5,290	5,470	6.5	6.5	6.5
55 to 59 years	11,435	5,655	5,780	6.9	7.0	6.8
60 to 64 years	10,235	4,935	5,305	6.2	6.1	6.3
65 years and over	27,955	12,315	15,640	16.9	15.2	18.5
65 to 69 years	8,355	3,940	4,410	5.0	4.9	5.2
70 to 74 years	7,165	3,245	3,920	4.3	4.0	4.6
75 to 79 years	4,995	2,285	2,705	3.0	2.8	3.2
80 to 84 years	3,495	1,455	2,040	2.1	1.8	2.4
85 years and over	3,945	1,385	2,560	2.4	1.7	3.0
85 to 89 years	2,215	915	1,300	1.3	1.1	1.5
90 to 94 years	1,340	390	950	0.8	0.5	1.1
95 to 99 years	345	70	280	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.2	15.4	16.3	17.2	15.4
15 to 64 years	66.9	67.6	66.1	66.9	67.6	66.1
65 years and over	16.9	15.2	18.5	16.9	15.2	18.5
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	3.0	2.4	1.7	3.0
Average age of the population	40.6	39.4	41.7	40.6	39.4	41.7
Median age of the population	39.6	38.0	40.8	39.6	38.0	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,325	...	...	53.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,600	...	...	4.1	...	...
Row house	8,935	...	...	13.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,720	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,950	...	...	12.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	6,510	...	...	10.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,450	...	...	25.6	...	...
2 persons	21,330	...	...	33.2	...	...
3 persons	10,250	...	...	16.0	...	...
4 persons	10,255	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	5,895	...	...	9.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	163,485	80,420	83,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	138,655	67,170	71,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	79,725	39,745	39,980	57.5	59.2	55.9
Married	65,195	32,530	32,665	47.0	48.4	45.7
Living common-law	14,530	7,215	7,320	10.5	10.7	10.2
Living common law - Never married	10,645	5,320	5,330	7.7	7.9	7.5
Living common law - Separated	690	365	320	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,895	1,405	1,495	2.1	2.1	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	310	130	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	58,925	27,420	31,505	42.5	40.8	44.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	40,275	21,490	18,785	29.0	32.0	26.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,705	1,575	2,135	2.7	2.3	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,010	2,980	5,035	5.8	4.4	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,935	1,385	5,555	5.0	2.1	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	45,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	22,375	...	...	48.8	...	...
3 persons	9,805	...	...	21.4	...	...
4 persons	9,825	...	...	21.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,830	...	...	8.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	45,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	38,875	...	...	84.8	...	...
Married couples	31,610	...	...	69.0	...	...
With children⁶	18,230	...	...	39.8	...	...
Without children	13,380	...	...	29.2	...	...
Common-law couples	7,265	...	...	15.9	...	...
With children⁶	2,450	...	...	5.3	...	...
Without children	4,815	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,960	...	...	15.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,450	...	...	11.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,515	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	163,485	80,420	83,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	133,760	66,365	67,400	81.8	82.5	81.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	77,750	38,740	39,005	47.6	48.2	47.0
Parents in one-parent families	6,960	1,515	5,445	4.3	1.9	6.6
Children⁶	49,050	26,110	22,945	30.0	32.5	27.6
In a two-parent family	38,370	20,325	18,045	23.5	25.3	21.7
In a one-parent family	10,685	5,785	4,900	6.5	7.2	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,725	14,055	15,665	18.2	17.5	18.9
Living alone	16,445	7,000	9,450	10.1	8.7	11.4
Living with other relatives⁷	3,910	1,640	2,265	2.4	2.0	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	9,370	5,420	3,950	5.7	6.7	4.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	39,475	...	...	61.5	...	...
Couple-family households	34,040	...	...	53.0	...	...
With children⁶	18,195	...	...	28.4	...	...
Without children	15,845	...	...	24.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,435	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,050	...	...	3.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	505	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,215	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,490	...	...	5.4	...	...
One-person households	16,445	...	...	25.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	136,585	66,500	70,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	131,645	63,950	67,695	96.4	96.2	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,200	40,000	44,800	51,200	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	131,745	63,995	67,750	96.5	96.2	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,800	36,400	40,400	44,800	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	121,075	59,795	61,285	88.6	89.9	87.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,000	32,800	40,000	48,000	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,360	51,280	49,080	73.5	77.1	70.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,800	35,200	41,600	48,800	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	118,320	56,530	61,790	86.6	85.0	88.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,150	5,120	9,000	7,150	5,120	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,950	5,275	6,675	8.7	7.9	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,000	5,480	5,360	5,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,350	18,695	19,655	28.1	28.1	28.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	136,585	66,515	70,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	131,745	64,095	67,645	96.5	96.4	96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,050	66,900	49,680	58,050	66,900	49,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	131,825	64,130	67,695	96.5	96.4	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,800	53,750	42,160	47,800	53,750	42,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	121,020	59,880	61,145	88.6	90.0	87.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,700	63,650	43,960	53,700	63,650	43,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,360	51,345	49,015	73.5	77.2	70.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,100	62,450	43,320	53,100	62,450	43,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	118,295	56,440	61,860	86.6	84.9	88.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,680	8,380	10,870	9,680	8,380	10,870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,940	5,115	6,825	8.7	7.7	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,510	5,635	7,160	6,510	5,635	7,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,195	18,435	19,760	28.0	27.7	28.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	7,800	8,580	8,200	7,800	8,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	136,585	66,515	70,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	50,180	28,270	21,910	36.7	42.5	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	72,000	60,800	66,500	72,000	60,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,400	90,200	70,000	81,400	90,200	70,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	38,835	17,540	21,295	28.4	26.4	30.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	20,400	15,300	17,400	20,400	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,040	31,600	23,300	27,040	31,600	23,300
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0	89.0	80.0	85.0	89.0	80.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.8	74.8	63.2	69.8	74.8	63.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.0	11.0	20.0	15.0	11.0	20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.7	5.9	4.7	3.7	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.4	5.1	4.1	3.4	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	136,585	66,505	70,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,940	2,550	2,385	3.6	3.8	3.4
With total income	131,645	63,950	67,695	96.4	96.2	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,190	4,325	5,865	7.7	6.8	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	14,700	6,110	8,590	11.2	9.6	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	18,315	7,650	10,665	13.9	12.0	15.8
$30,000 to $39,999	15,420	6,635	8,790	11.7	10.4	13.0
$40,000 to $49,999	14,320	6,475	7,840	10.9	10.1	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	13,135	6,340	6,795	10.0	9.9	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	10,475	5,315	5,160	8.0	8.3	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	7,690	4,195	3,500	5.8	6.6	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	6,050	3,510	2,545	4.6	5.5	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	4,870	2,760	2,105	3.7	4.3	3.1
$100,000 and over	16,485	10,640	5,845	12.5	16.6	8.6
$100,000 to $149,999	11,010	6,800	4,210	8.4	10.6	6.2
$150,000 and over	5,475	3,840	1,635	4.2	6.0	2.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	136,585	66,505	70,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,835	2,505	2,330	3.5	3.8	3.3
With after-tax income	131,745	64,000	67,750	96.5	96.2	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,760	4,515	6,245	8.2	7.1	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	15,340	6,380	8,955	11.6	10.0	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	20,790	8,795	12,000	15.8	13.7	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	18,605	8,200	10,405	14.1	12.8	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	17,820	8,515	9,305	13.5	13.3	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	14,045	7,130	6,915	10.7	11.1	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	9,825	5,295	4,535	7.5	8.3	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	7,075	4,115	2,955	5.4	6.4	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	5,760	3,225	2,535	4.4	5.0	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,335	2,105	1,225	2.5	3.3	1.8
$100,000 and over	8,395	5,725	2,675	6.4	8.9	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	4,200	2,745	1,455	3.2	4.3	2.1
$125,000 and over	4,195	2,980	1,215	3.2	4.7	1.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	136,585	66,505	70,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	36,225	15,220	21,000	26.5	22.9	30.0
With employment income	100,360	51,280	49,080	73.5	77.1	70.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,360	6,040	7,315	13.3	11.8	14.9
$5,000 to $9,999	7,760	3,320	4,440	7.7	6.5	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,050	4,880	6,165	11.0	9.5	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	8,045	3,615	4,430	8.0	7.0	9.0
$30,000 to $39,999	8,450	3,945	4,510	8.4	7.7	9.2
$40,000 to $49,999	9,025	4,330	4,700	9.0	8.4	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,770	4,430	4,345	8.7	8.6	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,225	4,015	3,210	7.2	7.8	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,360	3,105	2,250	5.3	6.1	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,535	2,725	1,810	4.5	5.3	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	4,070	2,225	1,840	4.1	4.3	3.7
$100,000 and over	12,700	8,640	4,065	12.7	16.8	8.3
$100,000 to $124,999	6,000	3,845	2,160	6.0	7.5	4.4
$125,000 and over	6,705	4,795	1,910	6.7	9.4	3.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	136,585	66,500	70,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	129,200	62,665	66,535	94.6	94.2	94.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,000	37,600	43,200	50,000	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	129,235	62,675	66,560	94.6	94.2	95.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,600	34,400	38,400	43,600	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	119,740	58,990	60,750	87.7	88.7	86.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	49,200	34,000	40,800	49,200	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,810	51,310	49,500	73.8	77.2	70.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	35,600	42,400	49,600	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	110,840	52,600	58,240	81.2	79.1	83.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,550	820	3,880	1,550	820	3,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,560	3,415	5,145	6.3	5.1	7.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	4,680	5,560	5,120	4,680	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	136,585	66,515	70,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	129,195	62,650	66,550	94.6	94.2	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,700	65,500	46,520	55,700	65,500	46,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	129,235	62,650	66,590	94.6	94.2	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,640	52,150	39,520	45,640	52,150	39,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	119,595	58,920	60,680	87.6	88.6	86.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,050	64,700	43,680	54,050	64,700	43,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,880	51,330	49,560	73.9	77.2	70.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,900	62,650	42,840	52,900	62,650	42,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	110,730	52,555	58,175	81.1	79.0	83.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,610	5,440	7,670	6,610	5,440	7,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,755	3,425	5,330	6.4	5.1	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,030	6,055	7,660	7,030	6,055	7,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	136,585	66,515	70,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	49,775	27,970	21,800	36.4	42.1	31.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	69,500	56,800	62,800	69,500	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,100	86,600	64,900	77,100	86,600	64,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	36,960	16,625	20,340	27.1	25.0	29.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	27,200	19,800	22,800	27,200	19,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,440	38,200	27,720	32,440	38,200	27,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.8	93.0	85.6	89.8	93.0	85.6
Employment income (%)	74.2	78.4	68.6	74.2	78.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)	10.2	7.0	14.4	10.2	7.0	14.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.3	0.9	0.5	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	64,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	47,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	64,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,100	...	...	119,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	98,200	...	...	98,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,450	...	...	57,450	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,880	...	...	47,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	47,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	140,400	...	...	140,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,500	...	...	115,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	310	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	650	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	990	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,670	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,730	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,620	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,800	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,960	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,995	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,245	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,330	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,880	...	...	6.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,830	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,860	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	30,820	...	...	48.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,170	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,420	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	8,115	...	...	12.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,120	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	575	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	315	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	690	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,040	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,795	...	...	2.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,995	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,935	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,190	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,325	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,480	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,130	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,855	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,665	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,760	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,255	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,170	...	...	39.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,705	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,045	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,420	...	...	16.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	45,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	20,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25,815	12,420	13,395	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	40,800	38,800	40,000	40,800	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,800	35,600	36,000	36,800	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	45,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	141,600	...	...	141,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,400	...	...	123,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	173,000	...	...	173,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,200	...	...	140,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,900	...	...	87,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	25,640	12,285	13,350	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,440	51,200	47,840	49,440	51,200	47,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,920	42,920	41,040	41,920	42,920	41,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	163,485	80,420	83,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,495	16,825	15,665	19.9	20.9	18.9
0 to 5 years	10,140	5,215	4,925	6.2	6.5	5.9
18 to 64 years	104,710	51,715	53,000	64.0	64.3	63.8
65 years and over	26,280	11,880	14,400	16.1	14.8	17.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,580	5,695	6,885	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,675	1,395	1,285	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	900	485	415	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,530	3,465	4,065	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,375	840	1,530	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.7	7.1	8.3	7.7	7.1	8.3
0 to 17 years (%)	8.2	8.3	8.2	8.2	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.9	9.3	8.4	8.9	9.3	8.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	6.7	7.7	7.2	6.7	7.7
65 years and over (%)	9.0	7.1	10.7	9.0	7.1	10.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	163,485	80,420	83,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,490	16,825	15,670	19.9	20.9	18.9
0 to 5 years	10,140	5,215	4,930	6.2	6.5	5.9
18 to 64 years	104,715	51,710	53,000	64.1	64.3	63.8
65 years and over	26,280	11,880	14,400	16.1	14.8	17.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,550	3,260	3,285	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	820	450	365	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	235	140	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,320	2,650	2,665	...	...	...
65 years and over	405	155	255	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.7	2.4	2.5	2.7	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3	2.7	1.9	2.3	2.7	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.1	5.1	5.0
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.3	1.8	1.6	1.3	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	163,485	80,415	83,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	69,415	33,270	36,145	42.5	41.4	43.5
In bottom decile	13,075	6,275	6,800	8.0	7.8	8.2
In second decile	12,710	5,820	6,890	7.8	7.2	8.3
In third decile	13,525	6,405	7,120	8.3	8.0	8.6
In fourth decile	14,565	7,105	7,460	8.9	8.8	9.0
In fifth decile	15,545	7,670	7,875	9.5	9.5	9.5
In top half of the distribution	94,070	47,150	46,920	57.5	58.6	56.5
In sixth decile	17,120	8,475	8,645	10.5	10.5	10.4
In seventh decile	17,590	8,745	8,845	10.8	10.9	10.6
In eighth decile	19,300	9,685	9,620	11.8	12.0	11.6
In ninth decile	20,250	10,215	10,035	12.4	12.7	12.1
In top decile	19,810	10,030	9,780	12.1	12.5	11.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	163,485	...	...	163,485	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.330	...	...	0.330	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.422	...	...	0.422	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.285	...	...	0.285	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	164,340	80,730	83,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	147,795	73,930	73,870	89.9	91.6	88.4
French only	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	14,290	5,935	8,350	8.7	7.4	10.0
Neither English nor French	2,190	840	1,355	1.3	1.0	1.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	164,340	80,730	83,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	159,870	78,845	81,020	97.3	97.7	96.9
French	1,765	805	955	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and French	580	270	315	0.4	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	2,130	810	1,320	1.3	1.0	1.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	164,340	80,730	83,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	158,810	78,000	80,815	96.6	96.6	96.7
Official languages	126,685	62,405	64,280	77.1	77.3	76.9
English	124,900	61,580	63,315	76.0	76.3	75.7
French	1,785	825	960	1.1	1.0	1.1
Non-official languages	32,125	15,595	16,535	19.5	19.3	19.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	32,105	15,580	16,525	19.5	19.3	19.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,155	1,655	1,500	1.9	2.1	1.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	195	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,955	1,545	1,405	1.8	1.9	1.7
Amharic	250	120	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arabic	1,320	700	625	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,260	670	590	0.8	0.8	0.7
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,880	845	1,040	1.1	1.0	1.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,735	785	955	1.1	1.0	1.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,200	995	1,205	1.3	1.2	1.4
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	90	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,805	835	975	1.1	1.0	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	955	525	435	0.6	0.7	0.5
Kannada	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	365	225	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	430	210	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	18,260	8,925	9,340	11.1	11.1	11.2
Albanian	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,210	1,455	1,750	2.0	1.8	2.1
Baltic languages	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,140	1,425	1,705	1.9	1.8	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	115	40	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,430	640	790	0.9	0.8	0.9
Russian	370	165	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	775	375	400	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	85	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	215	100	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	460	235	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	70	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	210	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,945	895	1,050	1.2	1.1	1.3
Frisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,000	455	540	0.6	0.6	0.6
German	945	425	515	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	815	380	435	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	740	345	400	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	205	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	7,650	3,995	3,650	4.7	4.9	4.4
Indo-Aryan languages	6,070	3,220	2,850	3.7	4.0	3.4
Assamese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	370	210	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	955	550	410	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hindi	705	360	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	435	225	205	0.3	0.3	0.2
Oriya languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,370	1,245	1,120	1.4	1.5	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	915	470	445	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,580	775	805	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	245	125	125	0.1	0.2	0.1
Parsi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	205	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	1,120	550	575	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	555	265	290	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	475	230	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,075	2,385	2,695	3.1	3.0	3.2
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,210	1,040	1,170	1.3	1.3	1.4
Portuguese	650	300	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	305	150	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,900	890	1,005	1.2	1.1	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	310	140	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	215	110	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,370	1,570	1,805	2.1	1.9	2.2
Chinese languages	3,370	1,565	1,805	2.1	1.9	2.2
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,075	960	1,120	1.3	1.2	1.3
Min Dong	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,115	520	600	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	215	90	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	460	225	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	290	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	825	390	435	0.5	0.5	0.5
Estonian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	750	355	395	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,530	2,735	2,795	3.4	3.4	3.3
English and French	785	350	435	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	4,165	2,105	2,055	2.5	2.6	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	395	185	210	0.2	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	164,340	80,730	83,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	129,560	63,905	65,660	78.8	79.2	78.5
French	325	135	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	8,420	4,075	4,345	5.1	5.0	5.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	8,415	4,070	4,345	5.1	5.0	5.2
English and French	1,975	860	1,115	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	22,405	11,040	11,365	13.6	13.7	13.6
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	770	320	450	0.5	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	860	390	470	0.5	0.5	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	164,340	80,730	83,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	159,005	78,185	80,820	96.8	96.8	96.7
Official languages	141,595	69,570	72,020	86.2	86.2	86.1
English	141,095	69,360	71,735	85.9	85.9	85.8
French	500	210	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	17,410	8,615	8,795	10.6	10.7	10.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,410	8,615	8,795	10.6	10.7	10.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,220	1,140	1,075	1.4	1.4	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,060	1,055	1,005	1.3	1.3	1.2
Amharic	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	715	355	360	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,150	605	545	0.7	0.7	0.7
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,390	635	755	0.8	0.8	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	40	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	1,280	585	695	0.8	0.7	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,100	545	560	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	930	465	460	0.6	0.6	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	590	320	270	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	235	145	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	280	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,675	4,330	4,350	5.3	5.4	5.2
Albanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,295	625	665	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,280	615	660	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	575	280	295	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	190	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	400	195	210	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	285	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	195	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,215	2,695	2,515	3.2	3.3	3.0
Indo-Aryan languages	4,195	2,205	1,995	2.6	2.7	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	650	360	290	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindi	405	205	200	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	355	190	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,770	940	830	1.1	1.2	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	615	300	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,015	490	520	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	700	335	370	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	345	155	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	300	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,840	845	1,000	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	570	230	335	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	945	450	495	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,300	1,105	1,195	1.4	1.4	1.4
Chinese languages	2,300	1,105	1,195	1.4	1.4	1.4
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,465	710	760	0.9	0.9	0.9
Min Dong	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	745	355	385	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	270	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	40	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	350	175	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	335	170	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,335	2,545	2,795	3.2	3.2	3.3
English and French	260	115	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,860	2,330	2,535	3.0	2.9	3.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	164,340	80,730	83,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	142,610	70,170	72,440	86.8	86.9	86.6
English	7,070	3,605	3,460	4.3	4.5	4.1
French	1,725	730	990	1.0	0.9	1.2
Non-official language	10,030	4,815	5,215	6.1	6.0	6.2
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,010	4,810	5,205	6.1	6.0	6.2
English and French	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,250	625	625	0.8	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	415	175	240	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,125	550	575	0.7	0.7	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	163,485	80,420	83,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	161,310	79,640	81,670	98.7	99.0	98.3
English	161,255	79,610	81,645	98.6	99.0	98.3
French	14,255	5,890	8,370	8.7	7.3	10.1
Non-official languages	43,275	20,980	22,295	26.5	26.1	26.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	43,230	20,960	22,265	26.4	26.1	26.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,480	2,335	2,150	2.7	2.9	2.6
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bilen	155	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,315	2,255	2,065	2.6	2.8	2.5
Amharic	490	260	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arabic	2,255	1,185	1,070	1.4	1.5	1.3
Aramaic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	235	140	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Maltese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,795	930	865	1.1	1.2	1.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,580	1,145	1,440	1.6	1.4	1.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	215	85	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	2,440	1,085	1,355	1.5	1.3	1.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,980	1,325	1,655	1.8	1.6	2.0
Bikol	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	110	35	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,805	1,255	1,550	1.7	1.6	1.9
Waray-Waray	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	100	40	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,465	835	625	0.9	1.0	0.8
Kannada	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	610	425	185	0.4	0.5	0.2
Tamil	765	420	345	0.5	0.5	0.4
Telugu	215	115	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	26,120	12,675	13,440	16.0	15.8	16.2
Albanian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,120	1,920	2,200	2.5	2.4	2.6
Baltic languages	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,030	1,885	2,145	2.5	2.3	2.6
Belarusian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,740	780	960	1.1	1.0	1.2
Russian	690	330	360	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,225	615	610	0.7	0.8	0.7
Bosnian	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	420	210	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	935	470	465	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	270	110	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,155	1,475	1,685	1.9	1.8	2.0
Frisian	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,905	935	970	1.2	1.2	1.2
German	1,870	915	950	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pennsylvania German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,145	500	640	0.7	0.6	0.8
Afrikaans	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	955	410	545	0.6	0.5	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	85	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	340	170	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	10,540	5,560	4,975	6.4	6.9	6.0
Indo-Aryan languages	8,720	4,635	4,085	5.3	5.8	4.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	560	315	245	0.3	0.4	0.3
Gujarati	1,465	835	630	0.9	1.0	0.8
Hindi	3,520	1,910	1,610	2.2	2.4	1.9
Kacchi	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	200	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	560	315	245	0.3	0.4	0.3
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,225	1,645	1,580	2.0	2.0	1.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	2,135	1,100	1,035	1.3	1.4	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,030	1,030	1,005	1.2	1.3	1.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	285	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	310	140	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	1,560	795	760	1.0	1.0	0.9
Dari	855	435	425	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian Persian	575	310	265	0.4	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,445	3,785	4,660	5.2	4.7	5.6
Catalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,420	1,500	1,920	2.1	1.9	2.3
Portuguese	935	440	495	0.6	0.5	0.6
Romanian	370	170	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	4,045	1,785	2,260	2.5	2.2	2.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	265	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	355	180	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	705	365	345	0.4	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	205	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	295	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	255	85	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	235	85	155	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,210	1,995	2,205	2.6	2.5	2.7
Chinese languages	4,210	1,995	2,205	2.6	2.5	2.7
Hakka	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,835	1,355	1,485	1.7	1.7	1.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	185	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,655	765	885	1.0	1.0	1.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	320	160	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	80	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	760	370	390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	255	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	535	260	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,180	560	620	0.7	0.7	0.7
Estonian	45	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	1,055	520	540	0.6	0.6	0.7
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	163,485	80,420	83,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,575	1,185	1,390	1.6	1.5	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,400	1,085	1,315	1.5	1.3	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,435	650	785	0.9	0.8	0.9
Métis	945	425	525	0.6	0.5	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	160,910	79,235	81,675	98.4	98.5	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	163,485	80,420	83,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	695	330	365	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	162,790	80,085	82,700	99.6	99.6	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	44,135	...	...	68.8	...	...
Renter	20,045	...	...	31.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,915	...	...	17.0	...	...
Not condominium	53,255	...	...	83.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	270	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	7,275	...	...	11.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,005	...	...	21.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	26,120	...	...	40.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,500	...	...	25.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,135	...	...	25.1	...	...
5 rooms	9,700	...	...	15.1	...	...
6 rooms	10,130	...	...	15.8	...	...
7 rooms	8,520	...	...	13.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,690	...	...	30.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	62,685	...	...	97.7	...	...
More than one person per room	1,495	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	60,885	...	...	94.9	...	...
Not suitable	3,285	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,665	...	...	19.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,230	...	...	23.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,210	...	...	12.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,725	...	...	13.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,710	...	...	8.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,810	...	...	7.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,095	...	...	6.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,730	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	61,165	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,005	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	29,275	...	...	45.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	31,170	...	...	48.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,730	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,270	...	...	3.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,510	...	...	14.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,635	...	...	18.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	11,840	...	...	18.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,760	...	...	19.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,980	...	...	14.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,135	...	...	8.0	...	...
85 years and over	2,045	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	63,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	49,735	...	...	78.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	14,055	...	...	22.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,800	...	...	20.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	64,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,640	...	...	29.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,560	...	...	19.6	...	...
Not suitable only	2,520	...	...	3.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,900	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	550	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	890	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	45,535	...	...	71.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	62,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,335	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not in core need	56,195	...	...	89.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,945	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.9	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.3	...	...	15.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,590	...	...	1,590	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,718	...	...	1,718	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	789,000	...	...	789,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,025	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.9	...	...	12.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.9	...	...	36.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.8	...	...	21.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,382	...	...	1,382	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	163,485	80,415	83,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	685	345	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	685	345	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	550	275	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis single ancestry	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,180	1,420	1,760	1.9	1.8	2.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,125	1,405	1,715	1.9	1.7	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,280	1,045	1,235	1.4	1.3	1.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	805	335	470	0.5	0.4	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	159,620	78,655	80,970	97.6	97.8	97.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	163,485	80,420	83,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	151,105	74,150	76,955	92.4	92.2	92.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30,905	15,995	14,910	18.9	19.9	17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	120,205	58,155	62,050	73.5	72.3	74.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	12,380	6,270	6,110	7.6	7.8	7.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	163,485	80,420	83,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	123,670	60,890	62,780	75.6	75.7	75.6
Immigrants⁸¹	37,100	17,840	19,265	22.7	22.2	23.2
Before 1980	8,450	3,935	4,510	5.2	4.9	5.4
1980 to 1990	4,315	2,250	2,070	2.6	2.8	2.5
1991 to 2000	6,210	2,955	3,250	3.8	3.7	3.9
2001 to 2010	7,645	3,610	4,035	4.7	4.5	4.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	10,475	5,080	5,395	6.4	6.3	6.5
2011 to 2015	4,480	2,190	2,290	2.7	2.7	2.8
2016 to 2021	6,000	2,895	3,105	3.7	3.6	3.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,715	1,690	1,020	1.7	2.1	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	37,100	17,835	19,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,825	1,915	1,915	10.3	10.7	9.9
5 to 14 years	6,555	3,430	3,125	17.7	19.2	16.2
15 to 24 years	7,755	3,490	4,260	20.9	19.6	22.1
25 to 44 years	16,335	7,820	8,520	44.0	43.8	44.2
45 years and over	2,630	1,180	1,445	7.1	6.6	7.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	37,100	17,835	19,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,385	2,020	2,370	11.8	11.3	12.3
Brazil	170	55	115	0.5	0.3	0.6
Colombia	385	155	235	1.0	0.9	1.2
El Salvador	195	85	115	0.5	0.5	0.6
Guyana	255	135	120	0.7	0.8	0.6
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	395	180	215	1.1	1.0	1.1
Mexico	300	135	170	0.8	0.8	0.9
Peru	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	315	130	185	0.8	0.7	1.0
United States of America	1,365	610	755	3.7	3.4	3.9
Other places of birth in Americas	900	475	430	2.4	2.7	2.2
Europe	11,790	5,610	6,180	31.8	31.5	32.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	230	95	135	0.6	0.5	0.7
Croatia	215	95	115	0.6	0.5	0.6
France	105	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Germany	675	300	380	1.8	1.7	2.0
Greece	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungary	310	155	155	0.8	0.9	0.8
Italy	1,610	795	815	4.3	4.5	4.2
Netherlands	695	325	375	1.9	1.8	1.9
Poland	1,105	485	625	3.0	2.7	3.2
Portugal	270	140	130	0.7	0.8	0.7
Romania	330	170	165	0.9	1.0	0.9
Russian Federation	270	125	145	0.7	0.7	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	590	295	290	1.6	1.7	1.5
Ukraine	150	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,975	1,885	2,095	10.7	10.6	10.9
Other places of birth in Europe	1,145	565	585	3.1	3.2	3.0
Africa	3,485	1,885	1,595	9.4	10.6	8.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	275	140	135	0.7	0.8	0.7
Eritrea	1,350	745	605	3.6	4.2	3.1
Ethiopia	385	200	185	1.0	1.1	1.0
Morocco	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	285	155	130	0.8	0.9	0.7
Somalia	55	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	280	160	125	0.8	0.9	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	765	405	360	2.1	2.3	1.9
Asia	17,230	8,190	9,035	46.4	45.9	46.9
Afghanistan	860	420	445	2.3	2.4	2.3
Iran⁸⁸	435	220	210	1.2	1.2	1.1
Iraq	295	160	135	0.8	0.9	0.7
Lebanon	165	85	75	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	520	240	280	1.4	1.3	1.5
Turkey	130	70	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	1,800	770	1,035	4.9	4.3	5.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	170	90	75	0.5	0.5	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	235	115	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Taiwan	155	70	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Philippines	2,765	1,160	1,605	7.5	6.5	8.3
Viet Nam	1,835	830	1,005	4.9	4.7	5.2
Bangladesh	375	195	180	1.0	1.1	0.9
India	4,000	2,050	1,950	10.8	11.5	10.1
Pakistan	1,165	585	580	3.1	3.3	3.0
Sri Lanka	430	220	205	1.2	1.2	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	1,905	905	995	5.1	5.1	5.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	215	135	80	0.6	0.8	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,000	2,895	3,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	530	230	305	8.8	7.9	9.8
Brazil	75	30	45	1.3	1.0	1.4
Colombia	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	10	20	0.6	0.3	0.6
Mexico	55	15	40	0.9	0.5	1.3
United States of America	150	75	75	2.5	2.6	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	50	10	40	0.8	0.3	1.3
Other places of birth in Americas	145	85	60	2.4	2.9	1.9
Europe	460	240	215	7.7	8.3	6.9
France	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Germany	15	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Italy	45	30	15	0.8	1.0	0.5
Russian Federation	45	15	30	0.8	0.5	1.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	135	90	45	2.3	3.1	1.4
Other places of birth in Europe	175	80	100	2.9	2.8	3.2
Africa	1,500	795	700	25.0	27.5	22.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.5
Eritrea	1,025	550	480	17.1	19.0	15.5
Ethiopia	115	60	60	1.9	2.1	1.9
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	140	85	50	2.3	2.9	1.6
Somalia	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	30	10	0.8	1.0	0.3
Sudan⁹⁷	65	25	40	1.1	0.9	1.3
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	25	40	1.2	0.9	1.3
Asia	3,485	1,610	1,880	58.1	55.6	60.5
Afghanistan	65	15	45	1.1	0.5	1.4
Bangladesh	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	195	60	135	3.3	2.1	4.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,175	610	570	19.6	21.1	18.4
Iran⁸⁸	40	15	20	0.7	0.5	0.6
Iraq	130	70	60	2.2	2.4	1.9
Israel	110	50	65	1.8	1.7	2.1
Japan	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Jordan	15	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	15	0.7	0.7	0.5
Lebanon	30	0	25	0.5	0.0	0.8
Nepal	30	20	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
Pakistan	175	70	110	2.9	2.4	3.5
Philippines	545	235	305	9.1	8.1	9.8
Saudi Arabia	45	25	20	0.8	0.9	0.6
Sri Lanka	40	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	410	185	225	6.8	6.4	7.2
Turkey	100	50	45	1.7	1.7	1.4
United Arab Emirates	25	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.8
Viet Nam	190	70	125	3.2	2.4	4.0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	55	30	1.3	1.9	1.0
Oceania and other⁹³	30	25	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Australia	30	25	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	163,485	80,420	83,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	41,365	20,230	21,135	25.3	25.2	25.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	35,955	17,850	18,105	22.0	22.2	21.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	86,165	42,345	43,820	52.7	52.7	52.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	28,650	13,905	14,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,090	6,665	6,425	45.7	47.9	43.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,340	3,430	1,910	18.6	24.7	12.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,745	3,235	4,520	27.0	23.3	30.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	8,565	3,440	5,130	29.9	24.7	34.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	6,805	3,705	3,105	23.8	26.6	21.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	180	90	90	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	28,650	13,905	14,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,370	755	615	4.8	5.4	4.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,590	1,180	1,410	9.0	8.5	9.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	645	305	345	2.3	2.2	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,465	740	725	5.1	5.3	4.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	115	45	70	0.4	0.3	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	22,465	10,875	11,590	78.4	78.2	78.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	163,485	80,420	83,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	38,235	19,195	19,035	23.4	23.9	22.9
South Asian	11,415	6,000	5,415	7.0	7.5	6.5
Chinese	4,445	2,135	2,305	2.7	2.7	2.8
Black	6,240	3,235	3,010	3.8	4.0	3.6
Filipino	3,980	1,760	2,220	2.4	2.2	2.7
Arab	1,725	885	840	1.1	1.1	1.0
Latin American	2,150	1,075	1,075	1.3	1.3	1.3
Southeast Asian	3,230	1,585	1,645	2.0	2.0	2.0
West Asian	2,095	1,040	1,055	1.3	1.3	1.3
Korean	415	215	200	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	780	400	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	1,475	735	745	0.9	0.9	0.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	125,250	61,225	64,025	76.6	76.1	77.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	163,485	80,420	83,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	22,305	11,050	11,260	13.6	13.7	13.6
English	39,465	18,910	20,550	24.1	23.5	24.7
Irish	31,920	15,065	16,855	19.5	18.7	20.3
Scottish	34,200	16,475	17,730	20.9	20.5	21.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,815	5,180	5,640	6.6	6.4	6.8
German	18,920	9,155	9,765	11.6	11.4	11.8
Chinese	5,110	2,475	2,640	3.1	3.1	3.2
Italian	14,075	6,835	7,235	8.6	8.5	8.7
Indian (India)	6,120	3,285	2,835	3.7	4.1	3.4
Ukrainian	4,015	1,885	2,130	2.5	2.3	2.6
Dutch	8,825	4,465	4,360	5.4	5.6	5.2
Polish	6,895	3,215	3,670	4.2	4.0	4.4
Québécois	230	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	8,130	3,880	4,250	5.0	4.8	5.1
Filipino	3,890	1,680	2,210	2.4	2.1	2.7
French Canadian	1,725	755	970	1.1	0.9	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,450	1,215	1,230	1.5	1.5	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,265	555	710	0.8	0.7	0.9
Métis	985	405	580	0.6	0.5	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,220	1,185	1,035	1.4	1.5	1.2
Russian	1,585	730	850	1.0	0.9	1.0
Norwegian	850	385	465	0.5	0.5	0.6
Welsh	3,490	1,680	1,810	2.1	2.1	2.2
Portuguese	2,160	1,065	1,100	1.3	1.3	1.3
American	2,150	1,005	1,145	1.3	1.2	1.4
Spanish	1,410	685	730	0.9	0.9	0.9
Swedish	835	355	485	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hungarian	2,755	1,310	1,445	1.7	1.6	1.7
Acadian	455	195	260	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	1,680	850	830	1.0	1.1	1.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,165	585	585	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jewish	1,090	545	545	0.7	0.7	0.7
Punjabi	690	390	300	0.4	0.5	0.4
Vietnamese	2,645	1,225	1,425	1.6	1.5	1.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	580	290	290	0.4	0.4	0.3
Greek	1,130	570	560	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jamaican	1,230	625	610	0.8	0.8	0.7
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	830	430	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	485	250	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	745	355	390	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanese	565	300	265	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iranian	565	290	275	0.3	0.4	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	730	355	370	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	920	480	445	0.6	0.6	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	560	305	255	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	590	315	275	0.4	0.4	0.3
Austrian	985	505	480	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	830	400	425	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	690	385	305	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mexican	565	305	255	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	485	250	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	890	480	405	0.5	0.6	0.5
Finnish	880	435	445	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sri Lankan	380	180	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	700	350	345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	350	170	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	545	255	290	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	440	225	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	550	270	280	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	455	210	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	260	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	205	75	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombian	535	245	280	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	630	320	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	435	205	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	585	305	280	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afghan	1,250	640	610	0.8	0.8	0.7
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	425	215	205	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	790	410	375	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ojibway	280	115	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	590	285	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	780	390	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian	225	115	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	405	215	195	0.2	0.3	0.2
Turkish	320	175	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	425	250	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	210	90	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	285	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	295	100	195	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovak	425	210	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	300	130	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	105	35	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	210	115	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	190	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	290	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	310	130	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	190	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	345	185	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	350	170	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	365	220	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australian	270	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	180	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	160	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	365	195	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
Peruvian	165	105	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	285	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	160	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	500	270	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Macedonian	210	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	390	145	245	0.2	0.2	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	85	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	260	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eritrean	1,045	510	535	0.6	0.6	0.6
African Canadian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	105	35	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	180	115	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	235	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	210	120	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	200	80	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	250	120	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	325	170	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	335	145	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	230	120	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	235	125	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Fijian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	410	230	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	100	40	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	120	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Breton	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	200	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	785	450	335	0.5	0.6	0.4
Nicaraguan	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	135	105	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	85	40	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malay	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	35	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amhara	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	163,485	80,420	83,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	2,105	935	1,165	1.3	1.2	1.4
Christian	83,125	38,650	44,475	50.8	48.1	53.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,220	6,005	6,225	7.5	7.5	7.5
Anabaptist	225	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	6,575	2,930	3,645	4.0	3.6	4.4
Baptist	1,810	805	1,005	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	39,080	18,235	20,855	23.9	22.7	25.1
Christian Orthodox	3,080	1,515	1,560	1.9	1.9	1.9
Jehovah's Witness	550	255	295	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	275	120	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	1,325	565	760	0.8	0.7	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	510	245	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,150	530	620	0.7	0.7	0.7
Presbyterian	3,890	1,760	2,130	2.4	2.2	2.6
Reformed	1,015	505	515	0.6	0.6	0.6
United Church	7,345	3,175	4,170	4.5	3.9	5.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,065	1,895	2,165	2.5	2.4	2.6
Hindu	4,000	2,140	1,865	2.4	2.7	2.2
Jewish	710	365	350	0.4	0.5	0.4
Muslim	6,875	3,570	3,300	4.2	4.4	4.0
Sikh	2,490	1,265	1,225	1.5	1.6	1.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,315	545	770	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	62,795	32,935	29,865	38.4	41.0	36.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	161,850	79,645	82,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	141,145	69,465	71,685	87.2	87.2	87.2
Movers	20,700	10,180	10,520	12.8	12.8	12.8
Non-migrants	10,705	5,275	5,435	6.6	6.6	6.6
Migrants	10,000	4,910	5,090	6.2	6.2	6.2
Internal migrants	8,905	4,365	4,545	5.5	5.5	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	8,345	4,085	4,260	5.2	5.1	5.2
Interprovincial migrants	560	280	280	0.3	0.4	0.3
External migrants	1,090	545	545	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	155,145	76,265	78,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	92,060	45,165	46,900	59.3	59.2	59.5
Movers	63,085	31,100	31,980	40.7	40.8	40.5
Non-migrants	23,795	11,555	12,240	15.3	15.2	15.5
Migrants	39,290	19,550	19,740	25.3	25.6	25.0
Internal migrants	32,045	15,710	16,335	20.7	20.6	20.7
Intraprovincial migrants	29,805	14,550	15,260	19.2	19.1	19.3
Interprovincial migrants	2,235	1,160	1,075	1.4	1.5	1.4
External migrants	7,245	3,840	3,405	4.7	5.0	4.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	136,585	66,515	70,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,825	10,695	10,130	15.2	16.1	14.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	115,765	55,825	59,940	84.8	83.9	85.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,835	43,775	45,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,835	4,400	3,435	8.8	10.1	7.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	81,005	39,380	41,620	91.2	90.0	92.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	136,585	66,515	70,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,065	9,645	9,420	14.0	14.5	13.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	37,235	18,715	18,520	27.3	28.1	26.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	80,280	38,150	42,130	58.8	57.4	60.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,345	17,875	17,470	25.9	26.9	24.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,065	4,320	1,740	4.4	6.5	2.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,870	1,690	1,180	2.1	2.5	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,195	2,635	560	2.3	4.0	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	26,860	12,430	14,430	19.7	18.7	20.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,420	1,120	1,300	1.8	1.7	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	44,935	20,275	24,660	32.9	30.5	35.2
Bachelor's degree	28,395	12,475	15,920	20.8	18.8	22.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,400	905	1,490	1.8	1.4	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,075	545	530	0.8	0.8	0.8
Master's degree	10,140	4,660	5,480	7.4	7.0	7.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,925	1,685	1,240	2.1	2.5	1.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,835	43,780	45,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,995	3,945	3,050	7.9	9.0	6.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,540	11,095	9,445	23.1	25.3	21.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,300	28,740	32,565	69.0	65.6	72.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,025	13,280	12,745	29.3	30.3	28.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,100	2,910	1,195	4.6	6.6	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,950	1,140	810	2.2	2.6	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,150	1,765	380	2.4	4.0	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,330	9,635	10,695	22.9	22.0	23.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,590	730	860	1.8	1.7	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	35,280	15,460	19,820	39.7	35.3	44.0
Bachelor's degree	22,175	9,670	12,500	25.0	22.1	27.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,865	705	1,155	2.1	1.6	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	850	360	485	1.0	0.8	1.1
Master's degree	8,210	3,580	4,635	9.2	8.2	10.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,185	1,145	1,040	2.5	2.6	2.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	136,585	66,510	70,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	56,305	28,365	27,940	41.2	42.6	39.9
Education	4,500	1,025	3,470	3.3	1.5	5.0
13. Education	4,500	1,025	3,470	3.3	1.5	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,045	1,120	1,930	2.2	1.7	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	155	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,845	965	1,880	2.1	1.5	2.7
Humanities	5,100	1,940	3,155	3.7	2.9	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325	70	260	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	1,385	430	955	1.0	0.6	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,310	430	885	1.0	0.6	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	170	50	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	470	270	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	350	230	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	815	415	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	260	45	215	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,915	3,460	7,450	8.0	5.2	10.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	200	40	165	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,055	420	640	0.8	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,025	170	1,860	1.5	0.3	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,010	305	705	0.7	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	350	110	240	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,915	450	1,470	1.4	0.7	2.1
45. Social sciences	4,350	1,960	2,385	3.2	2.9	3.4
Business, management and public administration	14,455	6,285	8,175	10.6	9.4	11.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,290	270	1,020	0.9	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,155	6,010	7,140	9.6	9.0	10.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	6,380	2,810	3,575	4.7	4.2	5.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,870	1,430	2,435	2.8	2.2	3.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,020	425	595	0.7	0.6	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	150	30	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	1,215	850	365	0.9	1.3	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,305	2,195	1,110	2.4	3.3	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,300	1,670	635	1.7	2.5	0.9
25. Library science	280	60	220	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	630	405	230	0.5	0.6	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,835	13,090	1,740	10.9	19.7	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	790	520	265	0.6	0.8	0.4
14. Engineering	4,695	3,770	925	3.4	5.7	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,050	2,745	305	2.2	4.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,125	2,060	70	1.6	3.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,410	2,345	65	1.8	3.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,775	1,655	120	1.3	2.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,810	1,940	1,870	2.8	2.9	2.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,885	1,435	1,450	2.1	2.2	2.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	920	505	410	0.7	0.8	0.6
Health and related fields	9,655	2,135	7,515	7.1	3.2	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,295	630	660	0.9	0.9	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,105	1,365	6,740	5.9	2.1	9.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	225	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,210	2,130	2,085	3.1	3.2	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,005	525	1,480	1.5	0.8	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,570	1,015	560	1.1	1.5	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	610	560	45	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	65	0	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	88,835	43,775	45,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,535	15,040	12,495	31.0	34.4	27.7
Education	3,105	630	2,475	3.5	1.4	5.5
13. Education	3,105	630	2,475	3.5	1.4	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,390	845	1,540	2.7	1.9	3.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	100	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,265	745	1,515	2.5	1.7	3.4
Humanities	3,725	1,435	2,295	4.2	3.3	5.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	215	40	180	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	1,020	345	670	1.1	0.8	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	995	330	670	1.1	0.8	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	360	210	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	115	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	615	315	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	210	30	175	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,575	2,635	5,940	9.7	6.0	13.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	175	35	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	940	370	575	1.1	0.8	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,560	115	1,450	1.8	0.3	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	770	200	570	0.9	0.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	285	90	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,435	325	1,100	1.6	0.7	2.4
45. Social sciences	3,410	1,495	1,915	3.8	3.4	4.2
Business, management and public administration	11,400	4,910	6,490	12.8	11.2	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,050	210	840	1.2	0.5	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,340	4,700	5,640	11.6	10.7	12.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,695	1,935	2,760	5.3	4.4	6.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,890	1,035	1,850	3.3	2.4	4.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	765	295	470	0.9	0.7	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	120	25	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	840	545	290	0.9	1.2	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,675	1,835	845	3.0	4.2	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,010	1,480	530	2.3	3.4	1.2
25. Library science	185	45	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	425	265	155	0.5	0.6	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,165	9,670	1,495	12.6	22.1	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	645	420	225	0.7	1.0	0.5
14. Engineering	3,700	2,870	835	4.2	6.6	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,325	2,075	245	2.6	4.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,495	1,430	65	1.7	3.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,725	1,690	40	1.9	3.9	0.1
48. Precision production	1,275	1,185	90	1.4	2.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,970	1,455	1,510	3.3	3.3	3.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,215	1,030	1,180	2.5	2.4	2.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	755	430	330	0.8	1.0	0.7
Health and related fields	7,165	1,650	5,510	8.1	3.8	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,025	495	530	1.2	1.1	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,945	1,080	4,870	6.7	2.5	10.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,375	1,740	1,645	3.8	4.0	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,550	415	1,135	1.7	0.9	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,335	865	470	1.5	2.0	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	485	450	40	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	88,835	43,775	45,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,535	15,040	12,495	31.0	34.4	27.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	61,305	28,735	32,565	69.0	65.6	72.3
Location of study inside Canada	50,595	23,600	27,000	57.0	53.9	59.9
Same as province or territory of residence	47,490	22,140	25,345	53.5	50.6	56.2
Different than province or territory of residence	3,105	1,455	1,650	3.5	3.3	3.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10,705	5,145	5,570	12.1	11.8	12.4
Americas	2,260	1,070	1,190	2.5	2.4	2.6
United States of America	1,550	785	760	1.7	1.8	1.7
Mexico	160	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	165	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Europe	2,240	1,195	1,045	2.5	2.7	2.3
Belgium	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	120	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	35	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Switzerland	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	215	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romania	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian Federation	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	850	485	360	1.0	1.1	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	145	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	250	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	610	315	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nigeria	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	295	160	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asia	5,380	2,430	2,945	6.1	5.6	6.5
Iran⁸⁸	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraq	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	685	290	395	0.8	0.7	0.9
Taiwan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	1,230	510	720	1.4	1.2	1.6
Viet Nam	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sri Lanka	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	2,000	1,005	990	2.3	2.3	2.2
Pakistan	355	155	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other locations of study in Asia	240	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	220	130	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	190	110	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Zealand	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	136,585	66,515	70,070	...	...	...
In the labour force	92,120	47,720	44,400	...	...	...
Employed	82,460	43,305	39,155	...	...	...
Unemployed	9,660	4,415	5,245	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	44,465	18,795	25,675	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.4	71.7	63.4	67.4	71.7	63.4
Employment rate	60.4	65.1	55.9	60.4	65.1	55.9
Unemployment rate	10.5	9.3	11.8	10.5	9.3	11.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	136,585	66,510	70,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	44,255	18,975	25,280	32.4	28.5	36.1
Worked	92,330	47,535	44,795	67.6	71.5	63.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	51,140	28,840	22,300	37.4	43.4	31.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	41,190	18,695	22,495	30.2	28.1	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.7	40.6	41.7	42.7	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	92,120	47,725	44,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,950	935	1,015	2.1	2.0	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	90,170	46,785	43,385	97.9	98.0	97.7
Employee	78,580	40,045	38,535	85.3	83.9	86.8
Permanent position	66,910	34,650	32,260	72.6	72.6	72.7
Temporary position	11,670	5,395	6,270	12.7	11.3	14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,895	1,650	2,245	4.2	3.5	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,780	3,750	4,030	8.4	7.9	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,585	6,740	4,850	12.6	14.1	10.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	92,120	47,725	44,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,950	935	1,015	2.1	2.0	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	90,170	46,785	43,385	97.9	98.0	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,260	915	345	1.4	1.9	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,690	4,995	9,695	15.9	10.5	21.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,275	6,250	2,020	9.0	13.1	4.6
3 Health occupations	6,265	1,105	5,165	6.8	2.3	11.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	12,370	4,130	8,240	13.4	8.7	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,750	1,145	1,605	3.0	2.4	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	19,895	8,705	11,190	21.6	18.2	25.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,780	12,320	1,455	15.0	25.8	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,955	1,320	635	2.1	2.8	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	8,930	5,905	3,025	9.7	12.4	6.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	92,120	47,725	44,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,950	935	1,015	2.1	2.0	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	90,170	46,785	43,385	97.9	98.0	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,250	640	610	1.4	1.3	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170	145	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	455	350	105	0.5	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	5,745	4,780	970	6.2	10.0	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	15,780	11,050	4,725	17.1	23.2	10.6
41 Wholesale trade	3,730	2,385	1,350	4.0	5.0	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	9,410	4,450	4,965	10.2	9.3	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,805	2,865	940	4.1	6.0	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	1,300	720	580	1.4	1.5	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	3,610	1,610	1,995	3.9	3.4	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,585	735	850	1.7	1.5	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,910	4,325	3,580	8.6	9.1	8.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,005	1,805	1,205	3.3	3.8	2.7
61 Educational services	9,505	3,100	6,405	10.3	6.5	14.4
62 Health care and social assistance	9,740	1,620	8,120	10.6	3.4	18.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,635	830	810	1.8	1.7	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	4,165	1,795	2,365	4.5	3.8	5.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,210	1,420	1,790	3.5	3.0	4.0
91 Public administration	3,920	2,070	1,855	4.3	4.3	4.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	98,415	50,530	47,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	95,075	49,190	45,885	96.6	97.3	95.8
French	205	30	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	210	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	210	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	1,415	520	895	1.4	1.0	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,425	640	785	1.4	1.3	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	98,415	50,530	47,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	97,975	50,375	47,600	99.6	99.7	99.4
Official languages	97,560	50,135	47,420	99.1	99.2	99.0
English	97,115	50,050	47,065	98.7	99.1	98.3
French	440	85	355	0.4	0.2	0.7
Non-official languages	420	235	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	420	235	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	160	110	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	80	65	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	440	155	285	0.4	0.3	0.6
English and French	160	50	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	255	100	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	98,415	50,530	47,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	95,885	49,480	46,400	97.4	97.9	96.9
English	425	165	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
French	1,025	415	610	1.0	0.8	1.3
Non-official language	875	365	510	0.9	0.7	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	875	365	510	0.9	0.7	1.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	82,460	43,305	39,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	22,245	10,110	12,140	27.0	23.3	31.0
Worked outside Canada	245	160	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	7,435	5,505	1,935	9.0	12.7	4.9
Usual place of work	52,530	27,540	24,995	63.7	63.6	63.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	52,530	27,540	24,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,330	16,115	17,215	63.4	58.5	68.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,850	3,290	2,560	11.1	11.9	10.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,190	8,050	5,145	25.1	29.2	20.6
Commute to a different province or territory	165	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	59,970	33,040	26,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	52,980	29,580	23,400	88.3	89.5	86.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	48,465	27,715	20,750	80.8	83.9	77.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,520	1,865	2,655	7.5	5.6	9.9
Public transit	2,400	1,195	1,205	4.0	3.6	4.5
Walked	2,895	1,350	1,540	4.8	4.1	5.7
Bicycle	600	480	120	1.0	1.5	0.4
Other method	1,095	435	655	1.8	1.3	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	59,970	33,040	26,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	23,230	11,335	11,895	38.7	34.3	44.2
15 to 29 minutes	19,245	10,675	8,565	32.1	32.3	31.8
30 to 44 minutes	8,755	5,160	3,600	14.6	15.6	13.4
45 to 59 minutes	4,325	2,830	1,495	7.2	8.6	5.6
60 minutes and over	4,410	3,040	1,370	7.4	9.2	5.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	59,970	33,040	26,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,875	3,425	1,445	8.1	10.4	5.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,160	7,210	3,955	18.6	21.8	14.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,790	7,450	6,345	23.0	22.5	23.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,265	5,315	6,945	20.5	16.1	25.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,940	3,205	3,730	11.6	9.7	13.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,940	6,435	4,505	18.2	19.5	16.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	33,165	17,165	16,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,955	1,480	1,475	8.9	8.6	9.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30,210	15,685	14,525	91.1	91.4	90.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	24,195	12,570	11,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,280	1,125	1,150	9.4	8.9	9.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,375	640	735	5.7	5.1	6.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	905	485	420	3.7	3.9	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,915	11,440	10,470	90.6	91.0	90.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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