Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	BarrieMore information: Ontario [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	212,856	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	197,059	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	82,649	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	78,540	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	237.2	...	...	237.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	897.26	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	212,855	105,080	107,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	36,200	18,715	17,485	17.0	17.8	16.2
0 to 4 years	10,830	5,625	5,205	5.1	5.4	4.8
5 to 9 years	12,245	6,320	5,930	5.8	6.0	5.5
10 to 14 years	13,125	6,775	6,350	6.2	6.4	5.9
15 to 64 years	142,210	70,960	71,255	66.8	67.5	66.1
15 to 19 years	13,070	6,760	6,310	6.1	6.4	5.9
20 to 24 years	13,330	7,055	6,270	6.3	6.7	5.8
25 to 29 years	14,160	7,310	6,855	6.7	7.0	6.4
30 to 34 years	14,720	7,315	7,405	6.9	7.0	6.9
35 to 39 years	14,455	7,145	7,310	6.8	6.8	6.8
40 to 44 years	13,960	6,770	7,190	6.6	6.4	6.7
45 to 49 years	14,110	6,955	7,155	6.6	6.6	6.6
50 to 54 years	14,330	7,035	7,295	6.7	6.7	6.8
55 to 59 years	16,150	7,835	8,315	7.6	7.5	7.7
60 to 64 years	13,930	6,775	7,155	6.5	6.4	6.6
65 years and over	34,440	15,405	19,030	16.2	14.7	17.7
65 to 69 years	10,660	5,035	5,625	5.0	4.8	5.2
70 to 74 years	8,835	4,140	4,695	4.2	3.9	4.4
75 to 79 years	6,165	2,770	3,395	2.9	2.6	3.2
80 to 84 years	4,235	1,805	2,430	2.0	1.7	2.3
85 years and over	4,540	1,655	2,885	2.1	1.6	2.7
85 to 89 years	2,745	1,150	1,600	1.3	1.1	1.5
90 to 94 years	1,395	415	985	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	355	85	270	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.8	16.2	17.0	17.8	16.2
15 to 64 years	66.8	67.5	66.1	66.8	67.5	66.1
65 years and over	16.2	14.7	17.7	16.2	14.7	17.7
85 years and over	2.1	1.6	2.7	2.1	1.6	2.7
Average age of the population	40.5	39.4	41.6	40.5	39.4	41.6
Median age of the population	40.0	38.8	41.6	40.0	38.8	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	53,395	...	...	68.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,475	...	...	3.2	...	...
Row house	7,020	...	...	8.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,180	...	...	5.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,895	...	...	8.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,430	...	...	5.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	75	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,430	...	...	22.2	...	...
2 persons	25,390	...	...	32.3	...	...
3 persons	13,885	...	...	17.7	...	...
4 persons	13,475	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 or more persons	8,355	...	...	10.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	210,155	103,970	106,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	176,655	86,365	90,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	100,335	50,100	50,235	56.8	58.0	55.6
Married	80,040	39,970	40,075	45.3	46.3	44.4
Living common-law	20,290	10,130	10,165	11.5	11.7	11.3
Living common law - Never married	14,035	7,040	6,995	7.9	8.2	7.7
Living common law - Separated	1,290	650	645	0.7	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	4,445	2,245	2,195	2.5	2.6	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	520	195	320	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	76,315	36,265	40,055	43.2	42.0	44.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	49,895	27,455	22,445	28.2	31.8	24.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5,895	2,435	3,465	3.3	2.8	3.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	11,410	4,425	6,990	6.5	5.1	7.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,115	1,955	7,160	5.2	2.3	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	60,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	28,570	...	...	47.5	...	...
3 persons	13,680	...	...	22.7	...	...
4 persons	12,750	...	...	21.2	...	...
5 or more persons	5,175	...	...	8.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	60,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	49,210	...	...	81.8	...	...
Married couples	39,065	...	...	64.9	...	...
With children⁶	22,650	...	...	37.6	...	...
Without children	16,420	...	...	27.3	...	...
Common-law couples	10,145	...	...	16.9	...	...
With children⁶	4,350	...	...	7.2	...	...
Without children	5,790	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	10,970	...	...	18.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	8,420	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,550	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	210,150	103,965	106,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	176,645	87,730	88,915	84.1	84.4	83.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	98,415	49,145	49,270	46.8	47.3	46.4
Parents in one-parent families	10,970	2,545	8,425	5.2	2.4	7.9
Children⁶	67,260	36,040	31,225	32.0	34.7	29.4
In a two-parent family	50,060	26,630	23,430	23.8	25.6	22.1
In a one-parent family	17,200	9,405	7,795	8.2	9.0	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	33,505	16,240	17,265	15.9	15.6	16.3
Living alone	17,430	7,700	9,735	8.3	7.4	9.2
Living with other relatives⁷	5,945	2,535	3,410	2.8	2.4	3.2
Living with non-relatives only	10,135	6,010	4,125	4.8	5.8	3.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	49,510	...	...	63.0	...	...
Couple-family households	41,780	...	...	53.2	...	...
With children⁶	23,250	...	...	29.6	...	...
Without children	18,530	...	...	23.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	7,730	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	3,450	...	...	4.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	810	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	3,835	...	...	4.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,510	...	...	4.5	...	...
One-person households	17,430	...	...	22.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	174,005	85,285	88,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	167,420	81,835	85,580	96.2	96.0	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,800	36,800	42,000	48,800	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	167,570	81,915	85,655	96.3	96.0	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,200	33,600	37,600	43,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	150,265	75,150	75,115	86.4	88.1	84.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	45,600	28,000	36,000	45,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	126,280	65,330	60,940	72.6	76.6	68.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,000	30,400	38,000	46,000	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	151,005	72,585	78,420	86.8	85.1	88.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900	6,500	11,000	8,900	6,500	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,290	7,635	9,645	9.9	9.0	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,480	5,680	5,560	5,480	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,585	25,715	27,865	30.8	30.2	31.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	174,005	85,295	88,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	167,675	82,015	85,665	96.4	96.2	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,600	61,850	45,720	53,600	61,850	45,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	167,850	82,095	85,755	96.5	96.2	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,760	50,280	39,440	44,760	50,280	39,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	150,355	75,010	75,340	86.4	87.9	84.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,000	58,700	39,320	49,000	58,700	39,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	126,280	65,160	61,120	72.6	76.4	68.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,640	56,650	40,120	48,640	56,650	40,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	151,385	72,645	78,740	87.0	85.2	88.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,740	9,250	12,130	10,740	9,250	12,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,485	7,400	10,085	10.0	8.7	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,550	6,095	6,880	6,550	6,095	6,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,545	25,745	27,800	30.8	30.2	31.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,980	8,630	9,300	8,980	8,630	9,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	174,005	85,295	88,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	60,265	34,510	25,755	34.6	40.5	29.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	71,500	57,600	65,000	71,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,200	81,200	64,700	74,200	81,200	64,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	49,795	22,680	27,115	28.6	26.6	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	21,000	15,900	17,600	21,000	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,720	32,440	23,780	27,720	32,440	23,780
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	86.8	75.6	82.0	86.8	75.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.4	72.8	62.6	68.4	72.8	62.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.1	13.2	24.4	18.1	13.2	24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	1.8	1.3	0.9	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	4.7	7.7	6.0	4.7	7.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.4	4.4	6.6	5.4	4.4	6.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	174,005	85,290	88,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	6,585	3,445	3,140	3.8	4.0	3.5
With total income	167,420	81,840	85,585	96.2	96.0	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,295	5,730	7,565	7.9	7.0	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	19,605	8,305	11,300	11.7	10.1	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	25,705	10,755	14,950	15.4	13.1	17.5
$30,000 to $39,999	21,540	8,880	12,660	12.9	10.9	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	18,340	8,175	10,170	11.0	10.0	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	15,045	7,190	7,850	9.0	8.8	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	12,180	6,350	5,825	7.3	7.8	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	9,645	5,570	4,075	5.8	6.8	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	7,550	4,685	2,865	4.5	5.7	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	6,170	3,695	2,475	3.7	4.5	2.9
$100,000 and over	18,350	12,500	5,850	11.0	15.3	6.8
$100,000 to $149,999	13,225	8,650	4,575	7.9	10.6	5.3
$150,000 and over	5,130	3,850	1,275	3.1	4.7	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	174,005	85,290	88,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	6,440	3,370	3,065	3.7	4.0	3.5
With after-tax income	167,565	81,915	85,650	96.3	96.0	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,015	5,970	8,050	8.4	7.3	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	20,505	8,735	11,775	12.2	10.7	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	29,390	12,275	17,110	17.5	15.0	20.0
$30,000 to $39,999	25,020	10,770	14,250	14.9	13.1	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	21,140	9,980	11,155	12.6	12.2	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	16,580	8,595	7,985	9.9	10.5	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	12,420	7,185	5,235	7.4	8.8	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	8,910	5,460	3,450	5.3	6.7	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	7,380	4,280	3,100	4.4	5.2	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,975	2,640	1,335	2.4	3.2	1.6
$100,000 and over	8,235	6,020	2,215	4.9	7.3	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	4,490	3,220	1,275	2.7	3.9	1.5
$125,000 and over	3,740	2,800	940	2.2	3.4	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	174,005	85,290	88,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	47,730	19,955	27,775	27.4	23.4	31.3
With employment income	126,275	65,335	60,945	72.6	76.6	68.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	17,485	8,285	9,195	13.8	12.7	15.1
$5,000 to $9,999	10,465	4,385	6,085	8.3	6.7	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	15,095	6,585	8,505	12.0	10.1	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	11,525	5,125	6,400	9.1	7.8	10.5
$30,000 to $39,999	11,120	5,130	5,990	8.8	7.9	9.8
$40,000 to $49,999	10,905	5,155	5,745	8.6	7.9	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,440	4,960	4,480	7.5	7.6	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	8,195	4,590	3,600	6.5	7.0	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	6,730	4,150	2,575	5.3	6.4	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	5,745	3,615	2,130	4.5	5.5	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	5,275	3,090	2,185	4.2	4.7	3.6
$100,000 and over	14,300	10,250	4,055	11.3	15.7	6.7
$100,000 to $124,999	7,485	4,970	2,515	5.9	7.6	4.1
$125,000 and over	6,815	5,280	1,540	5.4	8.1	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	174,005	85,285	88,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	164,130	80,050	84,080	94.3	93.9	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,600	34,000	39,600	47,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	164,190	80,055	84,130	94.4	93.9	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,000	31,200	36,000	42,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	148,625	74,070	74,555	85.4	86.8	84.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	46,800	30,400	37,600	46,800	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	126,375	65,080	61,295	72.6	76.3	69.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	47,200	32,400	38,800	47,200	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	141,430	67,520	73,915	81.3	79.2	83.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,320	950	5,400	2,320	950	5,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,450	5,355	7,095	7.2	6.3	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,600	5,800	5,640	5,600	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	174,005	85,295	88,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	164,180	79,950	84,235	94.4	93.7	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,920	59,550	42,760	50,920	59,550	42,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	164,245	79,950	84,285	94.4	93.7	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,320	48,240	36,720	42,320	48,240	36,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	148,735	73,915	74,825	85.5	86.7	84.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,440	59,100	39,880	49,440	59,100	39,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	126,315	64,890	61,425	72.6	76.1	69.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,720	58,200	40,800	49,720	58,200	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	141,505	67,365	74,130	81.3	79.0	83.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,140	5,825	8,330	7,140	5,825	8,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,490	5,270	7,215	7.2	6.2	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,270	6,490	7,850	7,270	6,490	7,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	174,005	85,295	88,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	59,725	34,195	25,530	34.3	40.1	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	69,000	53,600	61,200	69,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,300	79,000	61,100	71,300	79,000	61,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	47,255	21,405	25,850	27.2	25.1	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	28,200	21,800	24,000	28,200	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	39,600	28,680	33,600	39,600	28,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.0	91.8	82.8	88.0	91.8	82.8
Employment income (%)	75.2	79.4	69.6	75.2	79.4	69.6
Government transfers (%)	12.1	8.2	17.2	12.1	8.2	17.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	78,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	61,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	78,540	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	114,500	...	...	114,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	95,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,300	...	...	56,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,160	...	...	47,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	61,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...	109,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	565	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	305	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	570	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,055	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,000	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,090	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,005	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,250	...	...	2.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,390	...	...	3.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,510	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,015	...	...	6.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,170	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,040	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,895	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,800	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	37,875	...	...	48.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,860	...	...	13.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,150	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10,180	...	...	13.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,680	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	680	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	330	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	580	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,120	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,125	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,430	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,275	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,615	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,920	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,895	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,135	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,230	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,105	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,015	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,600	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	30,500	...	...	38.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,155	...	...	14.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,700	...	...	9.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,645	...	...	14.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	58,625	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,290	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	27,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	9,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	27,560	13,710	13,855	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	42,400	38,000	40,000	42,400	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	38,000	34,800	36,000	38,000	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	58,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,800	...	...	129,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...	108,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,600	...	...	115,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	27,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...	156,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,600	...	...	129,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...	86,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	27,310	13,660	13,650	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,960	52,400	47,560	49,960	52,400	47,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,360	43,520	41,200	42,360	43,520	41,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	210,150	103,970	106,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	44,100	22,835	21,265	21.0	22.0	20.0
0 to 5 years	13,270	6,870	6,405	6.3	6.6	6.0
18 to 64 years	133,630	66,390	67,240	63.6	63.9	63.3
65 years and over	32,420	14,740	17,685	15.4	14.2	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,230	7,590	8,640	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,965	2,105	1,860	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,265	670	595	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,120	4,375	4,745	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,145	1,115	2,030	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.7	7.3	8.1	7.7	7.3	8.1
0 to 17 years (%)	9.0	9.2	8.8	9.0	9.2	8.8
0 to 5 years (%)	9.5	9.7	9.3	9.5	9.7	9.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	6.6	7.1	6.8	6.6	7.1
65 years and over (%)	9.7	7.5	11.5	9.7	7.5	11.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	210,150	103,965	106,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	44,100	22,835	21,265	21.0	22.0	20.0
0 to 5 years	13,270	6,865	6,400	6.3	6.6	6.0
18 to 64 years	133,625	66,395	67,235	63.6	63.9	63.3
65 years and over	32,420	14,740	17,680	15.4	14.2	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,020	3,805	3,210	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,230	640	595	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	365	190	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,325	2,970	2,350	...	...	...
65 years and over	465	195	265	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.7	3.0	3.3	3.7	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.5	3.5	4.0	4.5	3.5
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	210,155	103,970	106,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	95,220	45,915	49,305	45.3	44.2	46.4
In bottom decile	15,785	7,855	7,930	7.5	7.6	7.5
In second decile	18,410	8,460	9,950	8.8	8.1	9.4
In third decile	19,260	9,205	10,050	9.2	8.9	9.5
In fourth decile	20,605	9,960	10,640	9.8	9.6	10.0
In fifth decile	21,165	10,430	10,740	10.1	10.0	10.1
In top half of the distribution	114,925	58,055	56,875	54.7	55.8	53.6
In sixth decile	22,735	11,455	11,275	10.8	11.0	10.6
In seventh decile	23,745	11,680	12,065	11.3	11.2	11.4
In eighth decile	24,290	12,270	12,015	11.6	11.8	11.3
In ninth decile	24,125	12,310	11,820	11.5	11.8	11.1
In top decile	20,035	10,335	9,695	9.5	9.9	9.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	210,150	...	...	210,150	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.412	...	...	0.412	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.265	...	...	0.265	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	211,200	104,455	106,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	195,840	97,810	98,025	92.7	93.6	91.8
French only	110	45	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	13,495	5,785	7,705	6.4	5.5	7.2
Neither English nor French	1,765	810	955	0.8	0.8	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	211,200	104,455	106,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	205,605	101,940	103,665	97.4	97.6	97.1
French	3,305	1,460	1,840	1.6	1.4	1.7
English and French	595	270	325	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,705	785	920	0.8	0.8	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	211,200	104,455	106,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	205,615	101,800	103,820	97.4	97.5	97.3
Official languages	175,910	87,295	88,615	83.3	83.6	83.0
English	172,545	85,815	86,735	81.7	82.2	81.3
French	3,365	1,485	1,880	1.6	1.4	1.8
Non-official languages	29,705	14,505	15,205	14.1	13.9	14.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	29,670	14,485	15,180	14.0	13.9	14.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,250	645	605	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,230	635	595	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	715	380	330	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	215	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	180	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	175	100	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	675	285	385	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	535	225	305	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,225	450	780	0.6	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	105	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	995	355	640	0.5	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	880	505	375	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	415	260	155	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	390	200	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	21,325	10,625	10,700	10.1	10.2	10.0
Albanian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,655	2,710	2,950	2.7	2.6	2.8
Baltic languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5,530	2,645	2,880	2.6	2.5	2.7
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	1,465	680	785	0.7	0.7	0.7
Russian	2,740	1,350	1,390	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	375	170	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	420	205	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,095	945	1,155	1.0	0.9	1.1
Frisian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,200	515	685	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	1,155	495	660	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	750	365	390	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	690	330	365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	350	185	160	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,830	2,590	2,240	2.3	2.5	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	3,640	1,990	1,645	1.7	1.9	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	675	385	290	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindi	490	280	210	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,140	660	485	0.5	0.6	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,000	500	505	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,185	600	590	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,115	560	560	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	355	175	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	630	315	310	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,255	4,125	4,125	3.9	3.9	3.9
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,225	1,150	1,080	1.1	1.1	1.0
Portuguese	2,235	1,160	1,085	1.1	1.1	1.0
Romanian	310	140	170	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	3,455	1,670	1,785	1.6	1.6	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	30	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	685	315	370	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	380	180	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,910	870	1,040	0.9	0.8	1.0
Chinese languages	1,895	860	1,030	0.9	0.8	1.0
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,360	625	735	0.6	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	450	200	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	310	155	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	240	125	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	700	305	390	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	495	220	275	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,590	2,655	2,935	2.6	2.5	2.7
English and French	1,150	525	625	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	3,840	1,850	1,990	1.8	1.8	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	385	185	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	211,200	104,455	106,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	179,175	89,070	90,110	84.8	85.3	84.4
French	665	295	365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	6,770	3,330	3,440	3.2	3.2	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,770	3,330	3,440	3.2	3.2	3.2
English and French	2,635	1,095	1,535	1.2	1.0	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	20,545	9,990	10,555	9.7	9.6	9.9
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	715	320	390	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	670	335	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	211,200	104,455	106,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	206,310	102,125	104,185	97.7	97.8	97.6
Official languages	192,215	95,090	97,125	91.0	91.0	91.0
English	191,185	94,650	96,540	90.5	90.6	90.4
French	1,030	445	585	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official languages	14,100	7,035	7,060	6.7	6.7	6.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	14,095	7,035	7,060	6.7	6.7	6.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	605	300	305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	590	290	300	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	360	180	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	385	170	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	310	140	170	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	520	240	280	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	380	175	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	650	365	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	315	200	120	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	270	135	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,470	4,775	4,695	4.5	4.6	4.4
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,875	1,450	1,430	1.4	1.4	1.3
Baltic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,835	1,425	1,410	1.3	1.4	1.3
Belarusian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	560	270	290	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	1,880	960	925	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	200	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,040	1,585	1,460	1.4	1.5	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	2,360	1,240	1,120	1.1	1.2	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	420	230	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	280	140	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	785	440	340	0.4	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	670	325	350	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	685	340	340	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	650	325	325	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	385	205	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,190	1,570	1,625	1.5	1.5	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	410	190	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	895	455	440	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	110	50	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,770	870	900	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	495	235	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,270	615	655	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	1,265	610	650	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	985	495	490	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	235	105	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,890	2,325	2,565	2.3	2.2	2.4
English and French	525	235	295	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,180	2,005	2,175	2.0	1.9	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	211,205	104,455	106,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	190,705	94,625	96,085	90.3	90.6	90.0
English	5,990	2,995	3,000	2.8	2.9	2.8
French	1,935	795	1,135	0.9	0.8	1.1
Non-official language	10,095	4,810	5,285	4.8	4.6	5.0
Indigenous³⁹	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,060	4,800	5,260	4.8	4.6	4.9
English and French	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,000	510	490	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	360	165	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,015	505	515	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	210,150	103,965	106,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	208,400	103,220	105,185	99.2	99.3	99.1
English	208,330	103,180	105,150	99.1	99.2	99.0
French	13,500	5,920	7,575	6.4	5.7	7.1
Non-official languages	40,245	19,540	20,705	19.2	18.8	19.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	130	50	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	105	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40,125	19,490	20,635	19.1	18.7	19.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,445	1,240	1,210	1.2	1.2	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,365	1,185	1,170	1.1	1.1	1.1
Amharic	65	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,330	675	655	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	250	135	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	230	115	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	675	330	340	0.3	0.3	0.3
Maltese	130	45	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrigna	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	985	470	510	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	815	380	435	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,725	605	1,115	0.8	0.6	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	110	50	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	130	45	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,620	550	1,070	0.8	0.5	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	210	135	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,185	660	520	0.6	0.6	0.5
Kannada	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	545	330	210	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	650	315	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	29,140	14,515	14,625	13.9	14.0	13.8
Albanian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	6,705	3,300	3,405	3.2	3.2	3.2
Baltic languages	215	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	85	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	120	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages	6,600	3,245	3,355	3.1	3.1	3.2
Belarusian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	210	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	1,890	945	950	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	3,580	1,745	1,845	1.7	1.7	1.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	525	270	255	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	225	95	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	255	145	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	805	385	425	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,130	1,445	1,680	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,070	945	1,125	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	2,015	910	1,105	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	885	430	455	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	160	110	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	720	320	395	0.3	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	625	310	315	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	6,765	3,655	3,110	3.2	3.5	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	5,355	2,945	2,400	2.5	2.8	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	1,075	615	460	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hindi	2,405	1,350	1,055	1.1	1.3	1.0
Kacchi	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,880	1,065	810	0.9	1.0	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,710	910	800	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,485	755	725	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,385	700	685	0.7	0.7	0.6
Dari	375	150	220	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian Persian	935	495	445	0.4	0.5	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	105	65	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,290	5,965	6,325	5.8	5.7	6.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,575	1,810	1,765	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	3,145	1,660	1,490	1.5	1.6	1.4
Romanian	425	195	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	5,820	2,655	3,160	2.8	2.6	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	200	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	890	405	480	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,055	500	550	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	415	195	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	315	75	235	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	305	75	230	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,305	1,035	1,275	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese languages	2,285	1,020	1,255	1.1	1.0	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,805	800	1,000	0.9	0.8	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	615	250	365	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	40	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	555	320	235	0.3	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	465	275	195	0.2	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	740	305	430	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	70	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	135	50	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	540	235	305	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	210,150	103,970	106,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,985	3,365	3,615	3.3	3.2	3.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,690	3,235	3,450	3.2	3.1	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,915	2,000	1,910	1.9	1.9	1.8
Métis	2,670	1,185	1,485	1.3	1.1	1.4
Inuk (Inuit)	105	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	203,165	100,600	102,565	96.7	96.8	96.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	210,150	103,970	106,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,160	1,035	1,130	1.0	1.0	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	207,990	102,935	105,055	99.0	99.0	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	57,630	...	...	73.4	...	...
Renter	20,910	...	...	26.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,995	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not condominium	71,545	...	...	91.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	275	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	5,990	...	...	7.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,295	...	...	18.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	29,665	...	...	37.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	28,310	...	...	36.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,340	...	...	18.3	...	...
5 rooms	11,320	...	...	14.4	...	...
6 rooms	12,455	...	...	15.9	...	...
7 rooms	11,155	...	...	14.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	29,270	...	...	37.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	77,710	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	830	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	75,495	...	...	96.1	...	...
Not suitable	3,045	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,865	...	...	11.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,450	...	...	19.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,570	...	...	14.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	16,460	...	...	21.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	10,215	...	...	13.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,790	...	...	7.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,680	...	...	6.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,510	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	74,890	...	...	95.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,650	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	35,095	...	...	44.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	38,390	...	...	48.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,055	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,545	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	10,405	...	...	13.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	14,490	...	...	18.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	15,570	...	...	19.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	17,175	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,815	...	...	13.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,235	...	...	7.9	...	...
85 years and over	2,305	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	78,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	58,360	...	...	74.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	19,735	...	...	25.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	18,040	...	...	23.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	78,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	24,490	...	...	31.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	17,970	...	...	22.9	...	...
Not suitable only	2,320	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,270	...	...	2.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	550	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,200	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	160	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	54,055	...	...	68.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	76,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	8,830	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not in core need	67,580	...	...	88.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	57,410	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.2	...	...	68.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.1	...	...	19.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,766	...	...	1,766	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	746,000	...	...	746,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,895	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.4	...	...	42.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.6	...	...	25.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,530	...	...	1,530	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,554	...	...	1,554	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	210,150	103,970	106,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,200	1,140	1,060	1.0	1.1	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,175	1,135	1,035	1.0	1.1	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,540	830	705	0.7	0.8	0.7
Métis single ancestry	610	295	315	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,455	3,450	4,010	3.5	3.3	3.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,350	3,415	3,935	3.5	3.3	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,050	2,345	2,700	2.4	2.3	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,225	1,025	1,195	1.1	1.0	1.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	105	30	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	200,500	99,380	101,120	95.4	95.6	95.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	210,155	103,970	106,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	198,135	97,890	100,250	94.3	94.2	94.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	42,885	22,145	20,740	20.4	21.3	19.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	155,250	75,745	79,510	73.9	72.9	74.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	12,015	6,080	5,935	5.7	5.8	5.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	210,155	103,970	106,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	171,405	85,185	86,220	81.6	81.9	81.2
Immigrants⁸¹	35,340	16,820	18,525	16.8	16.2	17.4
Before 1980	10,290	4,810	5,485	4.9	4.6	5.2
1980 to 1990	4,385	2,155	2,235	2.1	2.1	2.1
1991 to 2000	5,715	2,600	3,115	2.7	2.5	2.9
2001 to 2010	7,005	3,395	3,615	3.3	3.3	3.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,940	3,860	4,075	3.8	3.7	3.8
2011 to 2015	3,780	1,805	1,975	1.8	1.7	1.9
2016 to 2021	4,160	2,060	2,095	2.0	2.0	2.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,410	1,965	1,440	1.6	1.9	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	35,340	16,820	18,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,280	2,140	2,140	12.1	12.7	11.6
5 to 14 years	7,295	3,700	3,600	20.6	22.0	19.4
15 to 24 years	7,490	3,280	4,205	21.2	19.5	22.7
25 to 44 years	14,160	6,700	7,460	40.1	39.8	40.3
45 years and over	2,115	995	1,120	6.0	5.9	6.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	35,340	16,820	18,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	6,705	3,015	3,680	19.0	17.9	19.9
Brazil	340	175	165	1.0	1.0	0.9
Colombia	405	205	200	1.1	1.2	1.1
El Salvador	380	185	195	1.1	1.1	1.1
Guyana	495	215	280	1.4	1.3	1.5
Haiti	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	1,135	515	620	3.2	3.1	3.3
Mexico	300	130	170	0.8	0.8	0.9
Peru	180	85	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	490	215	280	1.4	1.3	1.5
United States of America	1,115	445	675	3.2	2.6	3.6
Other places of birth in Americas	1,835	830	1,000	5.2	4.9	5.4
Europe	15,550	7,520	8,030	44.0	44.7	43.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	70	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Croatia	100	45	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
France	170	55	115	0.5	0.3	0.6
Germany	1,080	445	635	3.1	2.6	3.4
Greece	225	110	115	0.6	0.7	0.6
Hungary	300	130	165	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italy	1,450	785	665	4.1	4.7	3.6
Netherlands	645	330	315	1.8	2.0	1.7
Poland	1,190	590	600	3.4	3.5	3.2
Portugal	1,285	690	590	3.6	4.1	3.2
Romania	340	160	175	1.0	1.0	0.9
Russian Federation	1,145	540	605	3.2	3.2	3.3
Serbia⁸⁶	130	70	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	790	385	400	2.2	2.3	2.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,750	2,250	2,505	13.4	13.4	13.5
Other places of birth in Europe	1,840	860	985	5.2	5.1	5.3
Africa	2,000	1,065	940	5.7	6.3	5.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	180	110	75	0.5	0.7	0.4
Eritrea	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopia	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Morocco	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	625	330	290	1.8	2.0	1.6
Somalia	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	290	145	140	0.8	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	695	365	335	2.0	2.2	1.8
Asia	10,920	5,115	5,805	30.9	30.4	31.3
Afghanistan	240	110	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	750	405	350	2.1	2.4	1.9
Iraq	225	95	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
Lebanon	135	80	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	190	85	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
Turkey	260	150	110	0.7	0.9	0.6
China⁹⁰	1,275	560	715	3.6	3.3	3.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	65	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	505	230	280	1.4	1.4	1.5
Taiwan	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	1,675	570	1,105	4.7	3.4	6.0
Viet Nam	575	245	330	1.6	1.5	1.8
Bangladesh	105	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	1,975	1,025	950	5.6	6.1	5.1
Pakistan	885	475	415	2.5	2.8	2.2
Sri Lanka	345	185	160	1.0	1.1	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	1,575	745	825	4.5	4.4	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	165	100	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,155	2,060	2,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	575	265	305	13.8	12.9	14.5
Brazil	90	40	50	2.2	1.9	2.4
Colombia	40	20	25	1.0	1.0	1.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	45	30	1.7	2.2	1.4
Mexico	55	25	30	1.3	1.2	1.4
United States of America	155	70	85	3.7	3.4	4.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	10	20	0.7	0.5	1.0
Other places of birth in Americas	135	60	70	3.2	2.9	3.3
Europe	705	360	340	17.0	17.5	16.2
France	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Germany	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Italy	25	20	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Russian Federation	155	70	85	3.7	3.4	4.0
Ukraine	165	70	90	4.0	3.4	4.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110	70	40	2.6	3.4	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	220	115	100	5.3	5.6	4.8
Africa	455	245	215	11.0	11.9	10.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	265	145	115	6.4	7.0	5.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	20	0.6	0.5	1.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	80	45	40	1.9	2.2	1.9
Asia	2,395	1,155	1,235	57.6	56.1	58.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	150	45	100	3.6	2.2	4.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	935	500	435	22.5	24.3	20.7
Iran⁸⁸	80	40	35	1.9	1.9	1.7
Iraq	35	10	25	0.8	0.5	1.2
Israel	55	30	20	1.3	1.5	1.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	35	25	15	0.8	1.2	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	65	25	45	1.6	1.2	2.1
Lebanon	30	15	10	0.7	0.7	0.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	235	115	120	5.7	5.6	5.7
Philippines	315	125	190	7.6	6.1	9.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	35	20	10	0.8	1.0	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	100	45	55	2.4	2.2	2.6
Turkey	95	60	40	2.3	2.9	1.9
United Arab Emirates	50	35	10	1.2	1.7	0.5
Viet Nam	30	0	30	0.7	0.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Asia	125	45	75	3.0	2.2	3.6
Oceania and other⁹³	25	25	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Australia	25	25	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	210,150	103,965	106,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	40,320	19,490	20,830	19.2	18.7	19.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	44,370	22,365	22,005	21.1	21.5	20.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	125,465	62,115	63,350	59.7	59.7	59.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	25,050	12,010	13,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	11,835	5,890	5,945	47.2	49.0	45.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,710	2,790	1,915	18.8	23.2	14.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,125	3,100	4,030	28.4	25.8	30.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	8,660	3,715	4,945	34.6	30.9	37.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,110	2,200	1,905	16.4	18.3	14.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	450	205	245	1.8	1.7	1.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	25,050	12,010	13,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,295	1,305	995	9.2	10.9	7.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,795	1,195	1,600	11.2	10.0	12.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	495	215	285	2.0	1.8	2.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,420	740	685	5.7	6.2	5.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	125	30	90	0.5	0.2	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	17,920	8,530	9,385	71.5	71.0	72.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	210,150	103,965	106,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	32,365	16,270	16,090	15.4	15.6	15.2
South Asian	7,880	4,300	3,580	3.7	4.1	3.4
Chinese	2,910	1,310	1,600	1.4	1.3	1.5
Black	7,300	3,770	3,535	3.5	3.6	3.3
Filipino	2,410	940	1,470	1.1	0.9	1.4
Arab	1,080	640	440	0.5	0.6	0.4
Latin American	4,120	1,995	2,125	2.0	1.9	2.0
Southeast Asian	1,495	725	765	0.7	0.7	0.7
West Asian	1,535	775	765	0.7	0.7	0.7
Korean	985	460	525	0.5	0.4	0.5
Japanese	230	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,225	625	605	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	1,190	625	565	0.6	0.6	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	177,785	87,695	90,090	84.6	84.4	84.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	210,150	103,970	106,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	36,195	18,240	17,960	17.2	17.5	16.9
English	54,015	26,565	27,455	25.7	25.6	25.9
Irish	44,695	21,180	23,510	21.3	20.4	22.1
Scottish	43,395	20,750	22,645	20.6	20.0	21.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	17,060	8,165	8,890	8.1	7.9	8.4
German	18,910	8,905	10,005	9.0	8.6	9.4
Chinese	3,160	1,510	1,650	1.5	1.5	1.6
Italian	16,190	8,305	7,885	7.7	8.0	7.4
Indian (India)	4,560	2,420	2,140	2.2	2.3	2.0
Ukrainian	6,325	2,970	3,355	3.0	2.9	3.2
Dutch	9,310	4,615	4,695	4.4	4.4	4.4
Polish	7,930	3,805	4,130	3.8	3.7	3.9
Québécois	510	265	245	0.2	0.3	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	9,840	4,755	5,080	4.7	4.6	4.8
Filipino	2,490	1,005	1,485	1.2	1.0	1.4
French Canadian	3,125	1,460	1,665	1.5	1.4	1.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,335	2,160	2,175	2.1	2.1	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,735	1,365	1,370	1.3	1.3	1.3
Métis	2,955	1,355	1,600	1.4	1.3	1.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,275	1,650	1,625	1.6	1.6	1.5
Russian	3,605	1,745	1,865	1.7	1.7	1.8
Norwegian	1,125	600	520	0.5	0.6	0.5
Welsh	4,330	2,060	2,260	2.1	2.0	2.1
Portuguese	5,555	2,900	2,650	2.6	2.8	2.5
American	2,175	1,035	1,140	1.0	1.0	1.1
Spanish	2,620	1,210	1,410	1.2	1.2	1.3
Swedish	1,105	495	615	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hungarian	2,390	1,015	1,380	1.1	1.0	1.3
Acadian	545	295	250	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pakistani	1,260	690	565	0.6	0.7	0.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,465	745	720	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jewish	1,530	750	780	0.7	0.7	0.7
Punjabi	510	285	225	0.2	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	940	485	460	0.4	0.5	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	415	230	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	1,930	895	1,030	0.9	0.9	1.0
Jamaican	2,790	1,455	1,335	1.3	1.4	1.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	780	335	450	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	325	140	180	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	955	445	510	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	975	405	565	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanese	510	250	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	845	440	405	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	965	445	520	0.5	0.4	0.5
Danish	1,275	595	670	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,215	565	650	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sikh	195	135	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,315	675	640	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	495	230	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	490	270	220	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexican	620	285	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	525	270	255	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	1,670	820	850	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sri Lankan	405	195	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	695	320	380	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japanese	345	185	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	260	150	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	600	315	290	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	685	370	315	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	240	130	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	420	235	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	580	275	305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	295	140	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	305	145	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	530	280	260	0.3	0.3	0.2
Moroccan	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	695	345	350	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	240	95	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	925	430	495	0.4	0.4	0.5
Afghan	480	215	270	0.2	0.2	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	385	185	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	445	230	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	920	445	475	0.4	0.4	0.4
Newfoundlander	1,015	470	550	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hong Konger	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,115	570	540	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian	365	210	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	750	390	360	0.4	0.4	0.3
Turkish	420	210	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	110	40	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	95	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algerian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	540	265	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	655	355	300	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	210	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	380	190	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	430	245	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	110	40	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	420	180	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	285	120	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	270	160	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	435	210	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	205	65	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	635	330	305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lithuanian	520	230	290	0.2	0.2	0.3
South African	300	155	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	310	190	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	270	155	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	240	130	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	260	125	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	280	130	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	235	125	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	200	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	200	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	860	350	505	0.4	0.3	0.5
Macedonian	625	355	265	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slovenian	350	165	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	225	110	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	315	185	130	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eritrean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	395	225	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mohawk	195	110	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	215	120	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	205	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	250	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	250	130	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	195	110	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	205	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	275	175	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cuban	315	165	145	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	105	60	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	430	195	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	490	250	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	210	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	485	240	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Franco Ontarian	230	130	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	360	200	155	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	310	135	175	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	105	75	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	115	50	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	110	45	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	215	100	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	215	115	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	120	40	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	170	50	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	40	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	105	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	150	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	100	55	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Honduran	95	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	165	105	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	150	95	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	90	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	225	125	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	75	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	210,150	103,970	106,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	935	400	535	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian	113,635	53,020	60,620	54.1	51.0	57.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	17,095	8,165	8,930	8.1	7.9	8.4
Anabaptist	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anglican	10,315	4,555	5,760	4.9	4.4	5.4
Baptist	3,220	1,540	1,680	1.5	1.5	1.6
Catholic	51,395	24,470	26,920	24.5	23.5	25.4
Christian Orthodox	3,435	1,675	1,755	1.6	1.6	1.7
Jehovah's Witness	1,270	545	730	0.6	0.5	0.7
Latter Day Saints	310	145	165	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	1,445	650	800	0.7	0.6	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	710	315	395	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,800	1,260	1,545	1.3	1.2	1.5
Presbyterian	4,110	1,915	2,195	2.0	1.8	2.1
Reformed	510	245	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	11,355	4,910	6,445	5.4	4.7	6.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,565	2,585	2,980	2.6	2.5	2.8
Hindu	2,815	1,535	1,280	1.3	1.5	1.2
Jewish	1,790	935	860	0.9	0.9	0.8
Muslim	4,520	2,395	2,120	2.2	2.3	2.0
Sikh	1,260	705	560	0.6	0.7	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,330	515	815	0.6	0.5	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	83,690	44,380	39,310	39.8	42.7	37.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	208,130	102,985	105,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	179,360	88,635	90,725	86.2	86.1	86.3
Movers	28,775	14,355	14,420	13.8	13.9	13.7
Non-migrants	12,595	6,310	6,280	6.1	6.1	6.0
Migrants	16,175	8,040	8,140	7.8	7.8	7.7
Internal migrants	15,435	7,660	7,775	7.4	7.4	7.4
Intraprovincial migrants	14,905	7,395	7,510	7.2	7.2	7.1
Interprovincial migrants	525	265	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	745	380	365	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	199,315	98,475	100,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	113,525	55,970	57,555	57.0	56.8	57.1
Movers	85,790	42,505	43,285	43.0	43.2	42.9
Non-migrants	28,395	14,115	14,275	14.2	14.3	14.2
Migrants	57,395	28,385	29,005	28.8	28.8	28.8
Internal migrants	51,505	25,305	26,200	25.8	25.7	26.0
Intraprovincial migrants	49,025	24,000	25,020	24.6	24.4	24.8
Interprovincial migrants	2,480	1,305	1,175	1.2	1.3	1.2
External migrants	5,890	3,080	2,805	3.0	3.1	2.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	174,005	85,295	88,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30,455	16,610	13,845	17.5	19.5	15.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	143,555	68,685	74,865	82.5	80.5	84.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,270	56,855	58,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,590	7,550	5,040	10.9	13.3	8.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	102,680	49,305	53,365	89.1	86.7	91.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	174,005	85,295	88,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	27,405	14,610	12,790	15.7	17.1	14.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	54,350	27,785	26,570	31.2	32.6	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	92,255	42,900	49,355	53.0	50.3	55.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	57,885	28,585	29,300	33.3	33.5	33.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,520	7,985	2,535	6.0	9.4	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,880	3,190	1,690	2.8	3.7	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,640	4,790	845	3.2	5.6	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	43,840	19,020	24,820	25.2	22.3	28.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,530	1,590	1,945	2.0	1.9	2.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,365	14,310	20,050	19.7	16.8	22.6
Bachelor's degree	24,530	9,980	14,560	14.1	11.7	16.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,575	1,025	1,555	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	910	475	430	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	5,780	2,510	3,265	3.3	2.9	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	565	320	245	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,265	56,860	58,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,750	6,395	4,355	9.3	11.2	7.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,280	17,460	14,820	28.0	30.7	25.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	72,245	33,010	39,235	62.7	58.1	67.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	44,295	21,755	22,540	38.4	38.3	38.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,440	5,560	1,880	6.5	9.8	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,415	2,185	1,225	3.0	3.8	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,025	3,370	650	3.5	5.9	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	34,390	15,030	19,360	29.8	26.4	33.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,465	1,160	1,305	2.1	2.0	2.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,950	11,250	16,690	24.2	19.8	28.6
Bachelor's degree	19,860	7,935	11,930	17.2	14.0	20.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,055	765	1,290	1.8	1.3	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	755	350	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	4,870	1,990	2,880	4.2	3.5	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	410	215	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	174,010	85,290	88,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	81,755	42,395	39,355	47.0	49.7	44.4
Education	5,205	1,235	3,970	3.0	1.4	4.5
13. Education	5,205	1,235	3,970	3.0	1.4	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,340	1,300	2,035	1.9	1.5	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	375	295	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,965	1,010	1,960	1.7	1.2	2.2
Humanities	4,220	1,550	2,675	2.4	1.8	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	345	65	275	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,140	270	875	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,075	385	695	0.6	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	260	130	130	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	475	260	210	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	665	350	310	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	25	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,205	3,290	8,920	7.0	3.9	10.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	120	30	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,320	485	835	0.8	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,550	170	2,375	1.5	0.2	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	2,190	485	1,705	1.3	0.6	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	325	70	255	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	2,140	515	1,620	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	3,565	1,525	2,040	2.0	1.8	2.3
Business, management and public administration	18,190	7,260	10,925	10.5	8.5	12.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,865	280	1,585	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,305	6,980	9,325	9.4	8.2	10.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,675	1,170	1,500	1.5	1.4	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,150	410	740	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	670	290	385	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	615	410	205	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	180	45	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,435	2,355	1,085	2.0	2.8	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,815	2,090	725	1.6	2.5	0.8
25. Library science	200	15	185	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	330	190	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	17,985	16,615	1,365	10.3	19.5	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	665	475	190	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	2,800	2,300	500	1.6	2.7	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,615	4,160	455	2.7	4.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,075	4,025	50	2.3	4.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,690	3,625	65	2.1	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	2,140	2,040	95	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,935	930	1,005	1.1	1.1	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,265	555	710	0.7	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	670	375	295	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	15,405	2,970	12,430	8.9	3.5	14.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,700	855	850	1.0	1.0	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	13,385	1,955	11,430	7.7	2.3	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	275	160	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,600	4,185	3,415	4.4	4.9	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,375	915	2,465	1.9	1.1	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	2,925	2,110	815	1.7	2.5	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,240	1,115	125	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	115,270	56,855	58,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,025	23,850	19,175	37.3	41.9	32.8
Education	3,950	915	3,030	3.4	1.6	5.2
13. Education	3,950	915	3,030	3.4	1.6	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,530	955	1,575	2.2	1.7	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	190	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,285	765	1,520	2.0	1.3	2.6
Humanities	3,105	1,070	2,030	2.7	1.9	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	265	50	215	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	860	180	680	0.7	0.3	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	855	310	545	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	475	250	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	10	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,860	2,480	7,380	8.6	4.4	12.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,080	390	695	0.9	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,095	120	1,975	1.8	0.2	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,875	400	1,475	1.6	0.7	2.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	275	70	205	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	1,680	360	1,320	1.5	0.6	2.3
45. Social sciences	2,765	1,120	1,645	2.4	2.0	2.8
Business, management and public administration	14,550	5,690	8,865	12.6	10.0	15.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,545	225	1,315	1.3	0.4	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,990	5,460	7,530	11.3	9.6	12.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,000	890	1,110	1.7	1.6	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	835	315	520	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	490	205	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	485	325	160	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	25	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,865	2,010	850	2.5	3.5	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,410	1,820	585	2.1	3.2	1.0
25. Library science	130	10	120	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	255	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,580	12,450	1,125	11.8	21.9	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	525	365	155	0.5	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	2,220	1,790	435	1.9	3.1	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,560	3,195	370	3.1	5.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,030	2,995	35	2.6	5.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,670	2,605	65	2.3	4.6	0.1
48. Precision production	1,570	1,500	65	1.4	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,495	710	785	1.3	1.2	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	945	425	525	0.8	0.7	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	550	285	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	12,145	2,435	9,710	10.5	4.3	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,425	745	685	1.2	1.3	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,465	1,570	8,895	9.1	2.8	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,130	3,380	2,750	5.3	5.9	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,695	720	1,980	2.3	1.3	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	2,440	1,765	670	2.1	3.1	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	950	860	90	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	50	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	115,270	56,855	58,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,025	23,850	19,175	37.3	41.9	32.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	72,245	33,005	39,235	62.7	58.1	67.2
Location of study inside Canada	62,255	28,380	33,875	54.0	49.9	58.0
Same as province or territory of residence	58,980	26,750	32,230	51.2	47.0	55.2
Different than province or territory of residence	3,275	1,635	1,645	2.8	2.9	2.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	9,985	4,625	5,360	8.7	8.1	9.2
Americas	2,445	1,105	1,335	2.1	1.9	2.3
United States of America	1,450	675	780	1.3	1.2	1.3
Mexico	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	2,730	1,340	1,390	2.4	2.4	2.4
Belgium	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	85	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	505	250	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	350	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	820	435	380	0.7	0.8	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	285	120	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	530	295	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	165	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asia	4,055	1,780	2,275	3.5	3.1	3.9
Iran⁸⁸	275	145	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iraq	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	500	210	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	225	80	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	710	190	520	0.6	0.3	0.9
Viet Nam	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,200	630	570	1.0	1.1	1.0
Pakistan	290	130	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	174,005	85,295	88,710	...	...	...
In the labour force	115,555	60,505	55,050	...	...	...
Employed	101,545	54,250	47,295	...	...	...
Unemployed	14,010	6,255	7,755	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	58,450	24,790	33,660	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.4	70.9	62.1	66.4	70.9	62.1
Employment rate	58.4	63.6	53.3	58.4	63.6	53.3
Unemployment rate	12.1	10.3	14.1	12.1	10.3	14.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	174,010	85,290	88,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	59,405	25,510	33,895	34.1	29.9	38.2
Worked	114,605	59,790	54,815	65.9	70.1	61.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	61,680	35,375	26,310	35.4	41.5	29.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	52,925	24,415	28,510	30.4	28.6	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.3	40.1	41.3	42.3	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	115,555	60,500	55,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,760	1,195	1,570	2.4	2.0	2.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	112,790	59,310	53,485	97.6	98.0	97.2
Employee	96,090	49,085	47,005	83.2	81.1	85.4
Permanent position	82,830	42,705	40,130	71.7	70.6	72.9
Temporary position	13,255	6,380	6,875	11.5	10.5	12.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,820	1,700	2,120	3.3	2.8	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	9,435	4,680	4,755	8.2	7.7	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	16,705	10,225	6,475	14.5	16.9	11.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	115,555	60,500	55,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,760	1,195	1,570	2.4	2.0	2.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	112,790	59,310	53,485	97.6	98.0	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,095	790	305	0.9	1.3	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	17,170	4,820	12,350	14.9	8.0	22.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,490	5,860	1,630	6.5	9.7	3.0
3 Health occupations	9,180	1,555	7,630	7.9	2.6	13.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	13,150	4,535	8,615	11.4	7.5	15.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,780	1,145	1,635	2.4	1.9	3.0
6 Sales and service occupations	29,710	12,685	17,020	25.7	21.0	30.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	23,370	21,490	1,880	20.2	35.5	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,010	1,560	450	1.7	2.6	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,830	4,870	1,965	5.9	8.0	3.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	115,555	60,500	55,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,760	1,195	1,570	2.4	2.0	2.9
All industries¹⁹¹	112,790	59,310	53,485	97.6	98.0	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,075	705	375	0.9	1.2	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	195	175	20	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	1,020	780	240	0.9	1.3	0.4
23 Construction	12,285	10,745	1,535	10.6	17.8	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	12,050	8,785	3,265	10.4	14.5	5.9
41 Wholesale trade	3,990	2,810	1,185	3.5	4.6	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	14,495	6,830	7,670	12.5	11.3	13.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,880	4,330	1,550	5.1	7.2	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	1,890	1,145	745	1.6	1.9	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	3,350	1,375	1,975	2.9	2.3	3.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,215	1,085	1,135	1.9	1.8	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,955	3,545	3,420	6.0	5.9	6.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	285	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,345	2,990	2,355	4.6	4.9	4.3
61 Educational services	7,695	2,290	5,405	6.7	3.8	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	14,540	2,270	12,270	12.6	3.8	22.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,155	1,035	1,125	1.9	1.7	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	6,595	2,610	3,985	5.7	4.3	7.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,575	2,285	2,290	4.0	3.8	4.2
91 Public administration	6,210	3,395	2,810	5.4	5.6	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	123,070	63,955	59,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	119,145	62,205	56,945	96.8	97.3	96.3
French	320	75	240	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	350	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	350	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	1,410	570	840	1.1	0.9	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,775	920	850	1.4	1.4	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	123,070	63,955	59,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	122,615	63,775	58,840	99.6	99.7	99.5
Official languages	121,935	63,455	58,480	99.1	99.2	98.9
English	121,450	63,355	58,090	98.7	99.1	98.3
French	485	95	385	0.4	0.1	0.7
Non-official languages	685	320	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	685	320	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	380	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	455	185	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	235	75	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	123,070	63,955	59,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	120,210	62,595	57,620	97.7	97.9	97.5
English	480	175	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
French	1,025	485	540	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	1,180	610	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,160	605	550	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	130	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	101,545	54,250	47,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	21,915	9,545	12,370	21.6	17.6	26.2
Worked outside Canada	290	225	70	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	15,465	12,105	3,360	15.2	22.3	7.1
Usual place of work	63,875	32,380	31,495	62.9	59.7	66.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	63,875	32,380	31,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	32,315	13,735	18,580	50.6	42.4	59.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,495	9,405	8,090	27.4	29.0	25.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,910	9,130	4,775	21.8	28.2	15.2
Commute to a different province or territory	155	105	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	79,335	44,480	34,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	72,890	41,440	31,455	91.9	93.2	90.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	66,440	38,460	27,975	83.7	86.5	80.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	6,455	2,975	3,475	8.1	6.7	10.0
Public transit	2,225	1,010	1,215	2.8	2.3	3.5
Walked	2,385	1,120	1,265	3.0	2.5	3.6
Bicycle	335	235	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Other method	1,500	670	830	1.9	1.5	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	79,335	44,480	34,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	23,870	10,675	13,195	30.1	24.0	37.9
15 to 29 minutes	21,870	10,800	11,060	27.6	24.3	31.7
30 to 44 minutes	11,885	7,150	4,735	15.0	16.1	13.6
45 to 59 minutes	8,535	5,850	2,685	10.8	13.2	7.7
60 minutes and over	13,180	10,000	3,175	16.6	22.5	9.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	79,335	44,480	34,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	8,980	7,050	1,925	11.3	15.8	5.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,900	8,920	4,980	17.5	20.1	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	18,290	9,820	8,475	23.1	22.1	24.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,755	6,210	8,545	18.6	14.0	24.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,125	4,000	5,125	11.5	9.0	14.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	14,290	8,480	5,805	18.0	19.1	16.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	44,960	23,295	21,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,885	2,020	1,870	8.6	8.7	8.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	41,080	21,275	19,800	91.4	91.3	91.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	33,260	17,245	16,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,020	1,545	1,475	9.1	9.0	9.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,710	845	870	5.1	4.9	5.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,310	705	610	3.9	4.1	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30,235	15,700	14,540	90.9	91.0	90.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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