Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SummersideMore information: Prince Edward Island [Census agglomeration]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	18,157	...	...
Population, 2016¹	16,831^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,342	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,953	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	145.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	125.12	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	18,160	8,680	9,480
0 to 14 years	2,700	1,410	1,290
0 to 4 years	745	395	355
5 to 9 years	955	505	455
10 to 14 years	1,005	520	485
15 to 64 years	11,160	5,390	5,765
15 to 19 years	995	500	495
20 to 24 years	1,175	640	530
25 to 29 years	915	480	435
30 to 34 years	970	485	495
35 to 39 years	1,010	460	550
40 to 44 years	1,010	475	535
45 to 49 years	1,135	540	595
50 to 54 years	1,140	535	600
55 to 59 years	1,440	675	765
60 to 64 years	1,365	595	765
65 years and over	4,295	1,875	2,420
65 to 69 years	1,240	575	665
70 to 74 years	1,145	530	615
75 to 79 years	775	315	460
80 to 84 years	575	240	340
85 years and over	560	215	345
85 to 89 years	380	150	235
90 to 94 years	125	40	85
95 to 99 years	45	20	25
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	16.2	13.6
15 to 64 years	61.5	62.1	60.8
65 years and over	23.7	21.6	25.5
85 years and over	3.1	2.5	3.6
Average age of the population	44.6	42.8	46.2
Median age of the population	46.4	44.0	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,950	...	...
Single-detached house	4,210	...	...
Semi-detached house	760	...	...
Row house	785	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	265	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,365	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	35	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	520	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,955	...	...
1 person	2,585	...	...
2 persons	3,005	...	...
3 persons	1,075	...	...
4 persons	825	...	...
5 or more persons	460	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,670	8,455	9,215
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,455	7,265	8,190
Married or living common-law	8,465	4,210	4,255
Married	6,875	3,425	3,450
Living common-law	1,590	780	805
Living common law - Never married	1,030	495	535
Living common law - Separated	130	75	55
Living common law - Divorced	365	190	175
Living common law - Widowed	65	25	40
Not married and not living common-law	6,990	3,055	3,935
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,210	2,240	1,965
Not married and not living common law - Separated	540	200	335
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,065	380	685
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,175	230	945
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,050	...	...
2 persons	2,950	...	...
3 persons	985	...	...
4 persons	750	...	...
5 or more persons	365	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,050	...	...
Total couple families	4,110	...	...
Married couples	3,320	...	...
With children⁶	1,375	...	...
Without children	1,945	...	...
Common-law couples	790	...	...
With children⁶	335	...	...
Without children	460	...	...
Total one-parent families	935	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	735	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	200	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,675	8,455	9,215
Total - Persons in census families	13,830	6,785	7,050
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,220	4,090	4,135
Parents in one-parent families	935	200	740
Children⁶	4,665	2,495	2,175
In a two-parent family	3,195	1,695	1,505
In a one-parent family	1,470	805	670
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,845	1,675	2,170
Living alone	2,590	980	1,610
Living with other relatives⁷	340	160	175
Living with non-relatives only	920	535	385
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,950	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,655	...	...
Couple-family households	3,860	...	...
With children⁶	1,605	...	...
Without children	2,260	...	...
One-parent-family households	790	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	110	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	185	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	395	...	...
One-person households	2,585	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	14,975	7,045	7,935
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,535	6,805	7,740
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,400	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,540	6,805	7,740
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,635	6,125	6,520
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	34,000	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,145	5,065	5,075
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,000	5,315	6,690
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	12,400	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,685	1,300	1,390
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,850	7,500	6,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,700	1,700	2,000
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	14,980	7,040	7,935
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,570	6,815	7,760
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,240	47,920	39,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,570	6,815	7,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,560	39,440	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,715	6,100	6,610
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,280	43,000	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,145	5,050	5,090
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,960	42,040	33,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,130	5,375	6,760
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,840	11,930	13,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,720	1,290	1,430
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,950	8,440	7,510
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,720	1,625	2,100
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,130	8,030	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	14,975	7,045	7,935
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,855	2,660	2,190
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	51,600	48,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,000	59,850	53,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,220	1,880	2,345
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,300	16,600	14,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,080	24,760	19,940
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.2	80.4	69.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.1	65.0	56.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.8	19.6	30.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.4	3.3	3.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	4.7	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.0	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	14,980	7,045	7,935
Without total income	435	240	200
With total income	14,540	6,800	7,735
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,040	455	585
$10,000 to $19,999	1,835	685	1,150
$20,000 to $29,999	2,745	1,145	1,600
$30,000 to $39,999	2,380	1,080	1,300
$40,000 to $49,999	2,150	1,040	1,115
$50,000 to $59,999	1,525	765	760
$60,000 to $69,999	980	535	440
$70,000 to $79,999	610	355	255
$80,000 to $89,999	390	205	185
$90,000 to $99,999	305	155	155
$100,000 and over	580	380	205
$100,000 to $149,999	420	265	155
$150,000 and over	160	120	45
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	14,980	7,045	7,935
Without after-tax income	435	240	200
With after-tax income	14,540	6,800	7,735
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,085	465	620
$10,000 to $19,999	1,960	745	1,215
$20,000 to $29,999	3,355	1,440	1,920
$30,000 to $39,999	2,905	1,385	1,520
$40,000 to $49,999	2,230	1,120	1,110
$50,000 to $59,999	1,320	690	635
$60,000 to $69,999	705	400	300
$70,000 to $79,999	420	200	220
$80,000 to $89,999	210	125	85
$90,000 to $99,999	105	70	35
$100,000 and over	240	165	75
$100,000 to $124,999	120	80	45
$125,000 and over	120	90	35
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	14,980	7,045	7,935
Without employment income	4,835	1,975	2,860
With employment income	10,140	5,070	5,075
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,275	575	700
$5,000 to $9,999	935	395	540
$10,000 to $19,999	1,425	655	770
$20,000 to $29,999	1,225	580	650
$30,000 to $39,999	1,215	605	605
$40,000 to $49,999	1,175	615	560
$50,000 to $59,999	930	510	420
$60,000 to $69,999	620	350	270
$70,000 to $79,999	415	245	170
$80,000 to $89,999	295	140	155
$90,000 to $99,999	225	110	115
$100,000 and over	400	275	120
$100,000 to $124,999	215	140	75
$125,000 and over	190	140	45
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	14,975	7,045	7,935
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,345	6,705	7,640
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,600	30,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,355	6,710	7,645
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	33,200	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,690	6,125	6,560
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	33,200	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,405	5,145	5,265
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	34,000	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,855	4,650	6,200
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,100	9,300	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,550	1,220	1,325
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300	7,950	6,650
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	14,980	7,040	7,935
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,340	6,710	7,635
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,360	44,720	36,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,350	6,710	7,645
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,200	37,280	31,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,735	6,160	6,580
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,560	41,160	32,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,475	5,150	5,325
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,960	41,320	32,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,845	4,630	6,220
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,430	10,040	10,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,525	1,190	1,335
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,030	8,900	7,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	14,975	7,045	7,935
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,820	2,635	2,190
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	47,600	49,600	44,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,950	57,250	50,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,025	1,805	2,220
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	19,800	17,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,280	27,680	23,300
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.4	84.6	76.0
Employment income (%)	66.8	71.0	62.6
Government transfers (%)	19.6	15.5	23.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,955	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,585	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,365	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,955	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,585	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,365	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,955	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	125	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	560	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	370	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	395	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	405	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	420	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	400	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	715	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	670	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	585	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	505	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	455	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,080	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	835	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	490	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	460	...	...
$200,000 and over	295	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,955	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	130	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	195	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	465	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	435	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	520	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	485	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	815	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	730	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	550	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	445	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,385	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	675	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	340	...	...
$150,000 and over	375	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,055	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,295	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,720	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	895	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,510	1,510	2,000
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	34,400	30,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,400	31,000	28,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,035	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,290	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,745	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	875	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,525	1,495	2,030
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	38,320	36,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,520	33,080	32,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,670	8,455	9,220
0 to 17 years	3,315	1,735	1,580
0 to 5 years	915	475	445
18 to 64 years	10,390	4,970	5,420
65 years and over	3,965	1,750	2,215
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,775	1,155	1,615
0 to 17 years	595	305	290
0 to 5 years	185	100	85
18 to 64 years	1,235	525	710
65 years and over	940	325	615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.7	13.7	17.5
0 to 17 years (%)	18.0	17.8	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	20.2	21.2	18.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9	10.6	13.1
65 years and over (%)	23.7	18.6	27.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,675	8,455	9,215
0 to 17 years	3,315	1,730	1,585
0 to 5 years	915	470	445
18 to 64 years	10,390	4,970	5,415
65 years and over	3,970	1,755	2,220
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	645	310	335
0 to 17 years	110	60	55
0 to 5 years	25	10	15
18 to 64 years	490	240	250
65 years and over	40	10	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.7	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5	3.3	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.8	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.7
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,670	8,455	9,220
In bottom half of the distribution	11,775	5,545	6,235
In bottom decile	2,330	1,010	1,325
In second decile	2,700	1,215	1,480
In third decile	2,445	1,175	1,270
In fourth decile	2,255	1,110	1,145
In fifth decile	2,050	1,030	1,015
In top half of the distribution	5,895	2,910	2,980
In sixth decile	1,680	805	875
In seventh decile	1,565	770	795
In eighth decile	1,225	615	610
In ninth decile	795	405	395
In top decile	630	320	310
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,675	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,905	8,575	9,325
English only	15,475	7,510	7,960
French only	25	10	10
English and French	2,380	1,040	1,340
Neither English nor French	35	20	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,905	8,575	9,325
English	17,160	8,245	8,910
French	675	300	380
English and French	40	15	25
Neither English nor French	30	15	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,905	8,575	9,325
Single responses	17,500	8,375	9,125
Official languages	16,315	7,750	8,565
English	15,575	7,420	8,155
French	745	325	415
Non-official languages	1,180	630	555
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,185	625	555
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	20	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	325	150	175
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	305	140	165
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	25	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	15	5
Tamil	10	5	5
Telugu	5	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	545	305	235
Albanian	25	15	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	10	15
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0
Russian	5	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5
Bosnian	5	0	5
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	20	20
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	20	10	10
German	20	10	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	20	5	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5
Danish	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	365	220	145
Indo-Aryan languages	360	215	145
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	5
Hindi	25	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	315	190	125
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	45	45
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5
Portuguese	20	10	15
Romanian	5	5	5
Spanish	45	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	15	10	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	65	70
Chinese languages	140	65	70
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	20	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	45	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	405	205	205
English and French	170	75	95
English and non-official language(s)	215	115	100
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,905	8,575	9,325
English	16,025	7,620	8,405
French	180	75	105
Non-official language	390	235	160
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	390	235	160
English and French	365	155	210
English and non-official language(s)	885	460	420
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,905	8,575	9,325
Single responses	17,645	8,445	9,200
Official languages	16,820	8,000	8,825
English	16,560	7,895	8,670
French	260	105	150
Non-official languages	825	445	375
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	825	445	375
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	40	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	70	40	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	225	110	115
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	105	110
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	360	215	145
Albanian	15	10	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5
Bosnian	5	0	5
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	0
German	5	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	285	180	105
Indo-Aryan languages	275	180	100
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	5
Hindi	15	10	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	255	165	90
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	20	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	20	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	60	60
Chinese languages	115	60	60
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	20	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	40	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	260	130	125
English and French	50	15	35
English and non-official language(s)	195	105	85
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,905	8,575	9,330
None	16,835	8,045	8,790
English	430	205	220
French	245	110	130
Non-official language	305	160	145
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	305	160	140
English and French	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	30
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,675	8,455	9,220
Official languages	17,660	8,450	9,215
English	17,640	8,435	9,205
French	2,380	1,030	1,350
Non-official languages	1,620	805	815
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,620	805	815
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	40	40
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	80	40	40
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	75	40	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	65	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	105	65	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	360	150	210
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	355	150	210
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	40	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	30	20	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	15	15	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	820	405	410
Albanian	90	50	40
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	20	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	15	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	120	50	70
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	60	25	35
German	60	25	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	35	35
Afrikaans	25	0	20
Dutch	50	30	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	425	215	210
Indo-Aryan languages	425	215	210
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	10
Hindi	235	110	120
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	400	205	190
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	95	80
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	25	10	15
Portuguese	30	15	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	110	65	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	30	10	20
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10
American Sign Language	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	80	75
Chinese languages	155	80	75
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	15	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	50	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,675	8,455	9,220
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	345	165	180
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	310	150	165
First Nations (North American Indian)	140	70	65
Métis	110	50	60
Inuk (Inuit)	60	30	30
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	10	15
Non-Indigenous identity	17,330	8,295	9,040
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,675	8,455	9,220
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	120	50	65
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,550	8,405	9,150
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,955	...	...
Owner	4,510	...	...
Renter	3,445	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,955	...	...
Condominium	210	...	...
Not condominium	7,745	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,955	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...
1 bedroom	955	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,575	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,670	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,955	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,290	...	...
5 rooms	1,460	...	...
6 rooms	1,195	...	...
7 rooms	885	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,120	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,955	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,865	...	...
More than one person per room	90	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,955	...	...
Suitable	7,695	...	...
Not suitable	255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,955	...	...
1960 or before	2,175	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,125	...	...
1981 to 1990	895	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,010	...	...
2001 to 2005	435	...	...
2006 to 2010	390	...	...
2011 to 2015	410	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	520	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,955	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,430	...	...
Major repairs needed	520	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,955	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,335	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,370	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	245	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,955	...	...
15 to 24 years	265	...	...
25 to 34 years	925	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,085	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,365	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,630	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,480	...	...
75 to 84 years	855	...	...
85 years and over	350	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,915	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,515	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,400	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,955	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,025	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,265	...	...
Not suitable only	230	...	...
Major repairs needed only	385	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,930	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,815	...	...
In core need	540	...	...
Not in core need	7,275	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,495	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,074	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	264,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,445	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	20.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	927	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,670	8,455	9,215
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	170	95	75
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	170	95	75
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	115	65	50
Métis single ancestry	35	20	15
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	580	235	340
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	545	220	330
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	385	145	245
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	50	50
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	30
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	16,920	8,125	8,800
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,670	8,455	9,215
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,460	7,825	8,635
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,135	1,640	1,495
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,325	6,180	7,145
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,210	635	580
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,670	8,455	9,215
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	15,965	7,575	8,385
Immigrants⁸¹	1,075	545	530
Before 1980	240	120	115
1980 to 1990	70	45	30
1991 to 2000	70	30	40
2001 to 2010	140	55	80
2011 to 2021⁸²	550	285	260
2011 to 2015	125	75	50
2016 to 2021	420	215	210
Non-permanent residents⁸³	640	330	305
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,075	540	530
Under 5 years	115	50	65
5 to 14 years	165	90	75
15 to 24 years	220	140	85
25 to 44 years	480	210	265
45 years and over	90	55	30
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,075	540	530
Americas	150	70	80
Brazil	15	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	10	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	105	40	70
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0
Europe	365	210	160
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	10
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	45	35	10
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	20	10	10
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	160	75	80
Other places of birth in Europe	95	65	35
Africa	30	10	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	520	245	275
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	20	10	15
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	45	30	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	15
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	280	110	165
Viet Nam	45	35	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	70	55	20
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	425	215	210
Americas	45	20	25
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	30	0	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	40	25	15
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	20	15
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	330	165	160
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	70	55	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	170	70	105
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	30	20	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,675	8,455	9,220
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,855	935	920
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,025	485	535
Third generation or more¹⁰²	14,795	7,035	7,760
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	835	420	415
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	570	280	290
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	255	145	115
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	310	140	170
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	200	100	105
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	40	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	835	420	415
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	205	95	115
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	10	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	135	100	35
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	470	210	255
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,675	8,455	9,220
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,455	715	745
South Asian	485	265	215
Chinese	175	80	90
Black	130	50	80
Filipino	400	160	240
Arab	75	50	30
Latin American	25	10	10
Southeast Asian	100	65	35
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	15
Japanese	20	0	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	35	25	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,220	7,745	8,475
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,675	8,455	9,220
Canadian	3,170	1,455	1,715
English	4,305	2,035	2,270
Irish	4,065	1,770	2,295
Scottish	4,885	2,325	2,560
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,160	1,485	1,670
German	810	365	445
Chinese	140	65	85
Italian	130	65	60
Indian (India)	320	190	135
Ukrainian	95	55	45
Dutch	330	190	140
Polish	60	35	30
Québécois	10	0	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	365	155	215
Filipino	410	190	215
French Canadian	210	85	125
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	760	380	385
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	225	105	120
Métis	170	90	80
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	365	175	190
Russian	40	10	25
Norwegian	75	40	40
Welsh	255	105	150
Portuguese	35	15	25
American	115	55	60
Spanish	25	0	20
Swedish	55	15	40
Hungarian	55	35	20
Acadian	1,410	660	755
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	10	0	0
Jewish	20	10	0
Punjabi	115	45	70
Vietnamese	105	65	40
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0
Jamaican	10	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	15	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Lebanese	45	30	15
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	35	20	20
Danish	80	50	30
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	65	15	50
Sikh	45	40	10
Austrian	20	10	15
Belgian	20	0	15
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	10	10	0
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	10	0	10
Finnish	30	10	20
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	15	0	10
Japanese	15	0	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	190	80	115
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	25	25
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	0	10
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	15	0	10
Czech	20	0	10
Syrian	35	20	15
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	25	35
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	35	25	15
Hong Konger	65	35	30
Ontarian	15	0	10
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	80	35	40
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	15	0	10
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	20	10
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	0	15
South African	0	0	0
Australian	10	0	10
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	20	20	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	40	20	20
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	10
New Brunswicker	45	20	20
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	0	20
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	10	10	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	15	10	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	365	160	205
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,675	8,455	9,220
Buddhist	10	0	10
Christian	11,745	5,375	6,370
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	980	470	515
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	550	250	305
Baptist	530	225	300
Catholic	6,260	2,990	3,275
Christian Orthodox	35	15	20
Jehovah's Witness	60	25	30
Latter Day Saints	20	0	15
Lutheran	20	10	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	110	35	75
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	80	30	55
Presbyterian	595	240	360
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	1,870	795	1,075
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	635	280	350
Hindu	115	70	40
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	150	85	65
Sikh	310	150	160
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	90	25	65
No religion and secular perspectives	5,255	2,750	2,505
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,520	8,385	9,140
Non-movers	15,245	7,340	7,910
Movers	2,275	1,045	1,235
Non-migrants	1,315	605	705
Migrants	965	435	530
Internal migrants	845	380	465
Intraprovincial migrants	380	180	205
Interprovincial migrants	465	205	260
External migrants	115	55	60
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,925	8,075	8,855
Non-movers	9,610	4,525	5,085
Movers	7,320	3,550	3,770
Non-migrants	2,940	1,465	1,470
Migrants	4,380	2,085	2,295
Internal migrants	3,655	1,755	1,900
Intraprovincial migrants	2,155	985	1,170
Interprovincial migrants	1,505	770	730
External migrants	725	330	400
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,975	7,040	7,935
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,010	1,640	1,375
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,965	5,405	6,560
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,850	4,185	4,665
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,000	560	435
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,850	3,620	4,230
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,980	7,045	7,930
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,745	1,460	1,285
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,770	2,210	2,560
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,455	3,375	4,085
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,115	2,325	2,785
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	950	660	290
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	550	325	230
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	400	340	60
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,765	1,520	2,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	395	145	250
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,350	1,050	1,300
Bachelor's degree	1,665	730	930
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	90	40	50
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	45	20
Master's degree	495	215	280
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	20	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,850	4,180	4,670
No certificate, diploma or degree	895	495	395
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,775	1,350	1,425
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,175	2,330	2,845
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,380	1,555	1,830
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	560	375	185
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	310	170	140
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	255	210	45
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,620	1,100	1,525
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	205	85	120
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,795	775	1,020
Bachelor's degree	1,255	540	715
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	70	30	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	30	25
Master's degree	395	165	230
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	10	15
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	14,975	7,045	7,930
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,515	3,670	3,850
Education	550	145	405
13. Education	550	145	405
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	125	55	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	120	55	65
Humanities	320	155	165
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	70	30	50
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	50	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	20
54. History	60	35	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	685	175	505
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	15	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	200	10	190
22. Legal professions and studies	155	40	115
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	10
42. Psychology	100	20	85
45. Social sciences	155	70	80
Business, management and public administration	1,955	655	1,300
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170	25	145
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,780	630	1,150
Physical and life sciences and technologies	165	75	90
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	40	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	15	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	55	30	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	315	180	135
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	295	175	120
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,485	1,360	125
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	0
14. Engineering	160	145	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	340	275	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	390	380	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	395	375	25
48. Precision production	175	170	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	145	100	45
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	65	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	40	15
Health and related fields	1,195	200	995
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	70	35	40
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,095	150	940
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	515	275	245
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	305	80	220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0
43. Security and protective services	75	65	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	120	110	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,850	4,180	4,670
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,675	1,850	1,825
Education	300	80	220
13. Education	300	80	220
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	80	35	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	75	35	45
Humanities	220	95	120
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	50	15	40
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	40	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	15	15
54. History	35	20	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	525	140	390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	20	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	145	0	140
22. Legal professions and studies	125	30	95
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	0
42. Psychology	80	15	65
45. Social sciences	125	60	65
Business, management and public administration	1,305	420	890
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	20	115
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,170	400	770
Physical and life sciences and technologies	120	65	60
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	35	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	10	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	30	20	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	235	140	95
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	220	135	85
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,035	945	85
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	0
14. Engineering	120	105	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	250	215	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	270	260	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	270	250	20
48. Precision production	115	100	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	110	70	45
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	70	40	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	45	30	15
Health and related fields	855	140	715
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35	25	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	800	115	680
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	385	205	180
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	225	60	165
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	65	55	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	80	75	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,850	4,180	4,670
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,675	1,850	1,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,175	2,330	2,845
Location of study inside Canada	4,710	2,125	2,580
Same as province or territory of residence	2,870	1,240	1,630
Different than province or territory of residence	1,840	885	955
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	470	205	265
Americas	50	15	30
United States of America	30	10	20
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	80	55	25
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	10	10	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	15	0
Africa	20	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	310	120	190
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	15	15
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	145	50	100
Viet Nam	40	20	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	55	30	25
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	10	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	14,980	7,045	7,930
In the labour force	9,275	4,650	4,625
Employed	8,330	4,170	4,160
Unemployed	945	480	465
Not in the labour force	5,700	2,395	3,310
Participation rate	61.9	66.0	58.3
Employment rate	55.6	59.2	52.5
Unemployment rate	10.2	10.3	10.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	14,975	7,045	7,930
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,570	2,330	3,240
Worked	9,405	4,715	4,690
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,950	2,725	2,220
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,460	1,990	2,470
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.5	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,280	4,650	4,625
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	85	105
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,080	4,565	4,520
Employee	8,295	4,085	4,215
Permanent position	6,380	3,130	3,250
Temporary position	1,920	950	965
Fixed term (1 year or more)	345	150	195
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,570	800	765
Self-employed¹⁹²	790	480	305
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,280	4,650	4,625
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	85	105
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,080	4,565	4,520
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	80	50	25
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,460	430	1,030
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	480	360	120
3 Health occupations	715	110	605
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	905	285	625
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	150	80	75
6 Sales and service occupations	2,690	1,070	1,615
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,575	1,470	110
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	310	255	55
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	715	455	255
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,280	4,650	4,625
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	85	105
All industries¹⁹¹	9,080	4,565	4,520
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	355	260	90
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	25	0
22 Utilities	10	10	0
23 Construction	635	585	55
31-33 Manufacturing	1,240	840	395
41 Wholesale trade	140	135	0
44-45 Retail trade	1,185	510	670
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	290	240	55
51 Information and cultural industries	70	30	35
52 Finance and insurance	130	50	80
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	105	80	25
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	325	155	165
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	375	190	190
61 Educational services	575	210	360
62 Health care and social assistance	1,165	215	955
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	180	130	50
72 Accommodation and food services	825	320	510
81 Other services (except public administration)	360	155	205
91 Public administration	1,085	410	680
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,025	4,985	5,045
English	9,540	4,820	4,720
French	95	25	75
Non-official language	15	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10
English and French	300	85	210
English and non-official language(s)	80	50	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,025	4,985	5,045
Single responses	9,980	4,960	5,015
Official languages	9,960	4,950	5,005
English	9,810	4,920	4,890
French	155	35	120
Non-official languages	20	10	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	10	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	0
Chinese languages	20	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	20	25
English and French	20	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,025	4,985	5,045
None	9,700	4,870	4,825
English	55	10	50
French	220	70	150
Non-official language	45	30	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	30	15
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,330	4,170	4,160
Worked at home	1,160	460	700
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	930	750	185
Usual place of work	6,230	2,955	3,275
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,230	2,955	3,275
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,980	1,640	2,340
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,770	1,040	730
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	370	215	155
Commute to a different province or territory	115	55	60
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,160	3,700	3,455
Car, truck or van	6,660	3,435	3,230
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,950	3,145	2,805
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	710	290	420
Public transit	15	15	0
Walked	330	170	160
Bicycle	35	25	10
Other method	135	65	65
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,160	3,700	3,455
Less than 15 minutes	4,810	2,220	2,590
15 to 29 minutes	1,445	885	555
30 to 44 minutes	415	270	145
45 to 59 minutes	235	150	85
60 minutes and over	260	180	75
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,160	3,700	3,455
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	455	310	145
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,555	865	685
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,365	1,265	1,095
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,270	510	760
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	690	300	395
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	830	445	380
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,395	1,760	1,630
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	400	200	200
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,995	1,555	1,440
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,580	1,335	1,245
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	310	155	155
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	200	95	100
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	115	65	50
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,270	1,180	1,095

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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