Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	BathurstMore information: New Brunswick [Census agglomeration]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	31,387	...	...
Population, 2016¹	31,110	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	15,658	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,396	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,100.05	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	31,390	15,425	15,960
0 to 14 years	3,475	1,790	1,685
0 to 4 years	1,035	545	490
5 to 9 years	1,145	580	555
10 to 14 years	1,295	660	635
15 to 64 years	18,930	9,390	9,540
15 to 19 years	1,350	690	660
20 to 24 years	1,465	745	720
25 to 29 years	1,445	765	680
30 to 34 years	1,470	765	705
35 to 39 years	1,475	735	740
40 to 44 years	1,805	870	935
45 to 49 years	1,905	900	1,005
50 to 54 years	2,305	1,135	1,175
55 to 59 years	2,745	1,340	1,410
60 to 64 years	2,965	1,445	1,515
65 years and over	8,985	4,255	4,735
65 to 69 years	2,800	1,355	1,445
70 to 74 years	2,490	1,220	1,265
75 to 79 years	1,705	820	875
80 to 84 years	1,100	525	570
85 years and over	895	320	570
85 to 89 years	570	230	335
90 to 94 years	250	80	175
95 to 99 years	65	15	55
100 years and over	10	5	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.1	11.6	10.6
15 to 64 years	60.3	60.9	59.8
65 years and over	28.6	27.6	29.7
85 years and over	2.9	2.1	3.6
Average age of the population	48.7	47.9	49.6
Median age of the population	52.8	52.4	53.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,395	...	...
Single-detached house	10,295	...	...
Semi-detached house	510	...	...
Row house	770	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	830	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,595	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	315	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,395	...	...
1 person	4,470	...	...
2 persons	6,130	...	...
3 persons	2,015	...	...
4 persons	1,280	...	...
5 or more persons	495	...	...
Number of persons in private households	30,545	15,070	15,475
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	27,915	13,635	14,275
Married or living common-law	16,805	8,385	8,420
Married	12,115	6,055	6,060
Living common-law	4,695	2,330	2,360
Living common law - Never married	3,325	1,635	1,695
Living common law - Separated	345	190	150
Living common law - Divorced	830	440	390
Living common law - Widowed	195	75	120
Not married and not living common-law	11,105	5,245	5,855
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,535	3,625	2,910
Not married and not living common law - Separated	995	455	540
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,495	690	805
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,080	485	1,595
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,540	...	...
2 persons	6,180	...	...
3 persons	1,845	...	...
4 persons	1,185	...	...
5 or more persons	330	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,545	...	...
Total couple families	8,270	...	...
Married couples	5,925	...	...
With children⁶	1,980	...	...
Without children	3,945	...	...
Common-law couples	2,345	...	...
With children⁶	960	...	...
Without children	1,390	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,275	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	945	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	325	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	30,545	15,070	15,475
Total - Persons in census families	24,355	12,100	12,255
Married spouses or common-law partners	16,540	8,245	8,295
Parents in one-parent families	1,270	325	950
Children⁶	6,540	3,525	3,010
In a two-parent family	4,730	2,535	2,200
In a one-parent family	1,810	990	815
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,190	2,970	3,220
Living alone	4,470	2,115	2,350
Living with other relatives⁷	655	250	405
Living with non-relatives only	1,065	605	460
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,395	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,765	...	...
Couple-family households	7,745	...	...
With children⁶	2,750	...	...
Without children	4,995	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,020	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	250	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	35	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	345	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	525	...	...
One-person households	4,470	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	27,075	13,285	13,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,420	12,980	13,440
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,420	12,985	13,440
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	34,800	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,650	11,050	10,600
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	30,800	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,445	8,620	7,825
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	30,800	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,355	10,675	11,685
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800	15,000	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,520	3,050	2,470
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	8,200	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,270	3,230	3,040
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,250	7,750
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	27,075	13,275	13,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,470	13,040	13,435
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,680	46,560	36,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,470	13,040	13,435
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,680	39,200	32,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,745	11,090	10,650
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,120	32,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,450	8,670	7,780
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,760	40,520	34,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,380	10,685	11,700
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,540	14,100	13,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,425	3,035	2,395
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,680	9,640	7,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,240	3,175	3,065
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,420	8,150	8,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	27,075	13,280	13,795
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,990	3,585	3,400
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	58,400	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,250	63,550	54,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,195	3,775	3,420
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	18,800	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,580	27,920	20,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.6	75.2	69.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.3	57.9	54.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.5	24.8	30.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.3	4.8	3.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	5.1	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.3	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	27,070	13,285	13,790
Without total income	650	300	350
With total income	26,425	12,985	13,435
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,125	840	1,285
$10,000 to $19,999	3,680	1,375	2,305
$20,000 to $29,999	5,295	2,445	2,845
$30,000 to $39,999	4,205	2,100	2,105
$40,000 to $49,999	3,555	1,775	1,780
$50,000 to $59,999	2,295	1,280	1,015
$60,000 to $69,999	1,510	895	620
$70,000 to $79,999	1,145	640	510
$80,000 to $89,999	870	455	410
$90,000 to $99,999	530	295	235
$100,000 and over	1,210	885	325
$100,000 to $149,999	840	595	240
$150,000 and over	375	285	85
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	27,070	13,285	13,790
Without after-tax income	650	300	350
With after-tax income	26,425	12,985	13,435
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,235	870	1,365
$10,000 to $19,999	3,850	1,460	2,390
$20,000 to $29,999	6,245	2,925	3,325
$30,000 to $39,999	5,120	2,575	2,545
$40,000 to $49,999	3,485	1,900	1,580
$50,000 to $59,999	2,090	1,210	885
$60,000 to $69,999	1,455	785	675
$70,000 to $79,999	780	425	355
$80,000 to $89,999	400	255	145
$90,000 to $99,999	235	185	55
$100,000 and over	520	390	125
$100,000 to $124,999	270	205	65
$125,000 and over	255	190	65
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	27,070	13,285	13,790
Without employment income	10,625	4,660	5,965
With employment income	16,450	8,625	7,830
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,395	1,315	1,085
$5,000 to $9,999	1,520	720	795
$10,000 to $19,999	2,380	1,245	1,135
$20,000 to $29,999	1,955	955	1,005
$30,000 to $39,999	1,935	870	1,060
$40,000 to $49,999	1,515	745	770
$50,000 to $59,999	1,195	665	535
$60,000 to $69,999	895	520	380
$70,000 to $79,999	785	425	365
$80,000 to $89,999	655	320	330
$90,000 to $99,999	370	210	160
$100,000 and over	830	635	195
$100,000 to $124,999	425	310	110
$125,000 and over	405	325	85
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	27,075	13,285	13,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,030	12,800	13,230
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,000	28,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,060	12,800	13,255
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	34,400	26,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,610	11,015	10,595
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	33,600	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,805	8,825	7,985
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	34,800	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,290	9,400	10,895
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,700	12,400	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,035	2,755	2,280
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	8,500	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	27,075	13,275	13,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,055	12,855	13,195
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,520	46,120	35,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,095	12,860	13,235
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,440	30,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,715	11,065	10,650
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,280	43,520	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,750	8,865	7,885
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,800	43,840	35,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,410	9,430	10,975
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,020	11,840	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,050	2,780	2,270
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,490	9,510	7,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	27,075	13,280	13,795
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,980	3,580	3,405
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	56,400	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,450	63,600	51,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,800	3,595	3,210
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	23,600	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,120	35,720	26,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.8	81.2	75.6
Employment income (%)	63.1	65.6	60.1
Government transfers (%)	21.3	18.8	24.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.1	4.5	3.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,395	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,470	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,925	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,400	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,475	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,080	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,920	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,395	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	260	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	230	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,100	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	715	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	835	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	840	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	730	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,250	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,095	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,020	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	800	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,705	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,375	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	900	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	930	...	...
$200,000 and over	500	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,395	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	260	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,175	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	740	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	845	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	960	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	900	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	820	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,485	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,130	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,585	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,235	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	695	...	...
$150,000 and over	655	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,530	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,040	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,985	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,200	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,535	2,720	2,815
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	32,400	29,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,200	29,400	27,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,525	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,090	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,960	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,215	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,560	2,740	2,820
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,920	39,680	36,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,960	33,920	32,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	30,545	15,070	15,475
0 to 17 years	4,260	2,190	2,075
0 to 5 years	1,245	645	595
18 to 64 years	17,895	8,825	9,070
65 years and over	8,390	4,060	4,330
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,955	2,300	2,655
0 to 17 years	670	340	330
0 to 5 years	230	125	105
18 to 64 years	2,275	1,130	1,145
65 years and over	2,010	830	1,180
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.2	15.3	17.2
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7	15.6	15.9
0 to 5 years (%)	18.4	19.2	17.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	12.8	12.6
65 years and over (%)	24.0	20.4	27.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	30,415	15,005	15,400
0 to 17 years	4,230	2,170	2,055
0 to 5 years	1,235	645	595
18 to 64 years	17,805	8,780	9,025
65 years and over	8,375	4,055	4,325
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,130	575	550
0 to 17 years	140	65	80
0 to 5 years	40	20	25
18 to 64 years	905	485	420
65 years and over	80	30	50
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.9	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	2.9	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.6	2.8	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1	5.5	4.7
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.8	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	30,545	15,070	15,475
In bottom half of the distribution	19,560	9,555	10,005
In bottom decile	4,160	1,975	2,185
In second decile	4,500	2,115	2,385
In third decile	3,980	2,000	1,985
In fourth decile	3,595	1,805	1,785
In fifth decile	3,325	1,660	1,665
In top half of the distribution	10,985	5,520	5,470
In sixth decile	2,855	1,405	1,455
In seventh decile	2,825	1,425	1,400
In eighth decile	2,310	1,165	1,140
In ninth decile	1,815	920	895
In top decile	1,180	605	580
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	30,545	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	30,745	15,210	15,535
English only	6,290	3,320	2,965
French only	4,455	2,140	2,320
English and French	19,985	9,740	10,250
Neither English nor French	15	10	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	30,745	15,210	15,535
English	10,290	5,130	5,155
French	20,180	9,950	10,235
English and French	265	125	140
Neither English nor French	15	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	30,745	15,210	15,535
Single responses	29,735	14,710	15,025
Official languages	29,335	14,510	14,820
English	9,525	4,750	4,770
French	19,805	9,755	10,050
Non-official languages	400	200	200
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	405	200	200
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	40	20	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	20	30
Bikol	5	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	0
Haitian Creole	15	10	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	190	95	100
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	10	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	65	35	30
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	15	15
German	25	15	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	15
Afrikaans	15	5	10
Dutch	15	10	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	45	25	20
Indo-Aryan languages	40	20	20
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	5
Gujarati	5	5	0
Hindi	5	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	5	15
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	20	35
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5
Portuguese	15	5	10
Romanian	5	5	0
Spanish	30	10	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	15	5	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0
Lingala	5	0	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	0
American Sign Language	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15
Chinese languages	25	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,005	495	510
English and French	930	455	470
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	30,745	15,210	15,535
English	10,360	5,210	5,150
French	16,540	8,195	8,350
Non-official language	65	35	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	35	30
English and French	3,400	1,580	1,820
English and non-official language(s)	240	120	120
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	30,745	15,210	15,535
Single responses	29,975	14,870	15,110
Official languages	29,795	14,780	15,015
English	11,695	5,845	5,845
French	18,100	8,930	9,170
Non-official languages	180	90	90
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	180	90	90
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	10	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	10	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	35	45
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5
German	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10
Afrikaans	15	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	15	5	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	10
Chinese languages	10	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	770	340	430
English and French	705	310	395
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	30,745	15,210	15,540
None	27,720	13,765	13,950
English	1,580	745	830
French	1,215	575	635
Non-official language	155	80	70
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	0
Non-Indigenous	140	70	65
English and French	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	30,545	15,070	15,475
Official languages	30,520	15,060	15,465
English	26,240	12,995	13,250
French	24,180	11,720	12,455
Non-official languages	930	510	425
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	30	15
Algonquian languages	35	30	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	35	20	15
Mi'kmaq	35	20	15
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	890	480	410
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	55	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	55	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	65	50	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	45	50
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	40	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	15	15
Haitian Creole	20	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	505	255	255
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	20	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	20	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	130	70	55
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	75	45	25
German	70	45	25
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	30	20
Afrikaans	10	0	0
Dutch	40	25	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	15
Danish	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	40	45
Indo-Aryan languages	75	40	40
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	15	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	50	25	25
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	10	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	0	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	270	120	155
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	60	30	30
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	215	95	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	90	70	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	35	15	15
Luba-Kasai	15	10	0
Mòoré	10	10	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	10	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	15
American Sign Language	15	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15
Chinese languages	30	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	20	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	25	20	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	30,545	15,070	15,475
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,240	615	625
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,155	570	580
First Nations (North American Indian)	660	315	345
Métis	485	250	240
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	15	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	30	30
Non-Indigenous identity	29,305	14,450	14,850
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	30,545	15,070	15,475
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	275	140	130
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	30,270	14,925	15,345
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,395	...	...
Owner	10,615	...	...
Renter	3,745	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,395	...	...
Condominium	720	...	...
Not condominium	13,675	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,395	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...
1 bedroom	1,550	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,570	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,265	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,395	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,565	...	...
5 rooms	2,740	...	...
6 rooms	2,440	...	...
7 rooms	1,885	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,765	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,395	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,365	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,395	...	...
Suitable	14,130	...	...
Not suitable	265	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,395	...	...
1960 or before	2,505	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,570	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,615	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,770	...	...
2001 to 2005	475	...	...
2006 to 2010	550	...	...
2011 to 2015	510	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,395	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,340	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,395	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,910	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,110	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	380	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,395	...	...
15 to 24 years	395	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,385	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,680	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,270	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,360	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,135	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,720	...	...
85 years and over	445	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,295	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	12,510	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,785	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,690	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,395	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,915	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,635	...	...
Not suitable only	230	...	...
Major repairs needed only	865	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	150	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	11,480	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,200	...	...
In core need	410	...	...
Not in core need	13,790	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,580	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	48.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	620	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	781	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	140,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	160,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,740	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	675	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	702	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	35	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	232	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	220	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	30,545	15,070	15,470
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	995	510	485
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	980	505	480
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	730	380	350
Métis single ancestry	240	115	120
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,140	580	560
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,105	565	545
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	890	455	435
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	215	110	110
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	28,410	13,980	14,430
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	30,540	15,070	15,475
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	29,900	14,685	15,215
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,130	2,100	2,025
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,775	12,585	13,190
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	645	380	260
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	30,540	15,070	15,475
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	29,505	14,495	15,010
Immigrants⁸¹	755	375	380
Before 1980	220	140	85
1980 to 1990	50	15	30
1991 to 2000	55	15	40
2001 to 2010	115	55	55
2011 to 2021⁸²	310	150	160
2011 to 2015	100	35	65
2016 to 2021	215	115	100
Non-permanent residents⁸³	290	200	90
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	755	375	375
Under 5 years	110	50	60
5 to 14 years	145	70	70
15 to 24 years	105	55	55
25 to 44 years	340	170	175
45 years and over	45	20	25
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	755	375	375
Americas	130	70	60
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	0	10
Guyana	10	0	10
Haiti	15	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	75	45	25
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	10
Europe	275	135	145
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	75	30	45
Germany	10	0	10
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	25	20	10
Netherlands	20	15	10
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	40	35
Other places of birth in Europe	50	15	30
Africa	105	55	50
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	20	25
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	20	15
Asia	235	105	130
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	10	10	0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	90	40	55
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	25	10	15
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	215	115	100
Americas	25	20	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	10	10	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	90	35	50
France	55	25	30
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	10	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10
Africa	35	15	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10
Asia	70	45	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	50	25	20
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	30,545	15,070	15,475
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,135	615	525
Second generation¹⁰¹	735	380	350
Third generation or more¹⁰²	28,675	14,075	14,600
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	530	240	290
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	335	155	185
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	130	85	40
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	210	60	145
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	105	45	55
Refugees¹⁰⁸	85	35	50
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	530	240	290
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	15	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	95	35	55
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	35	25	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	370	160	215
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	30,545	15,070	15,475
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	845	465	375
South Asian	150	75	70
Chinese	80	35	40
Black	390	240	155
Filipino	95	50	45
Arab	30	20	10
Latin American	45	15	30
Southeast Asian	20	15	10
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	25	15	10
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	29,700	14,610	15,095
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	30,545	15,070	15,475
Canadian	8,585	4,050	4,535
English	1,725	800	925
Irish	3,665	1,845	1,825
Scottish	2,630	1,215	1,415
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,845	2,935	2,910
German	620	310	310
Chinese	95	50	45
Italian	235	140	95
Indian (India)	90	40	45
Ukrainian	110	45	65
Dutch	155	80	75
Polish	55	30	25
Québécois	485	250	235
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	165	85	80
Filipino	70	35	40
French Canadian	1,240	620	620
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,375	655	720
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	480	230	250
Métis	485	250	240
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	425	200	225
Russian	50	35	15
Norwegian	30	20	15
Welsh	135	55	85
Portuguese	90	30	55
American	95	45	50
Spanish	95	50	45
Swedish	30	10	25
Hungarian	35	10	25
Acadian	9,240	4,625	4,615
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95	60	30
Jewish	10	0	10
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	15	0
Greek	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	10	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10
Romanian	10	0	0
Lebanese	35	15	25
Iranian	15	10	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	130	75	65
Danish	30	15	20
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	295	165	130
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	15	15	0
Belgian	25	0	20
Haitian	25	10	15
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	35	15	20
Finnish	35	25	10
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	10	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	795	410	385
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	15	10
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	15	10	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	0	15
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	15	0	10
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	20	10
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	70	50	25
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	0	15
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	15	15	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	20
Bangladeshi	10	10	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	25	10	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	15	10	10
Nova Scotian	35	15	20
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	10	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	860	425	435
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	15	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	35	25	10
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	15	10
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	10	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	15	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	20	0	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	25	10	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	20	15	10
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	10	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	10	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	10	0	10
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	30	20	10
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	15	10	10
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	0
Maliseet	10	10	0
Beninese	10	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	30,545	15,070	15,475
Buddhist	10	0	10
Christian	25,415	12,305	13,115
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,045	515	530
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	520	245	280
Baptist	225	130	95
Catholic	21,900	10,555	11,345
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	135	70	65
Latter Day Saints	35	20	20
Lutheran	35	20	10
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	25	20	10
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	310	150	155
Presbyterian	30	15	20
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	945	445	500
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	210	115	90
Hindu	35	15	15
Jewish	15	10	0
Muslim	160	110	45
Sikh	15	0	10
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	10	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	55	25	30
No religion and secular perspectives	4,835	2,605	2,230
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	30,385	14,990	15,395
Non-movers	27,555	13,645	13,910
Movers	2,830	1,345	1,480
Non-migrants	1,475	680	795
Migrants	1,355	670	690
Internal migrants	1,280	635	645
Intraprovincial migrants	815	385	430
Interprovincial migrants	465	250	215
External migrants	75	35	45
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	29,520	14,550	14,970
Non-movers	20,200	10,110	10,085
Movers	9,325	4,435	4,885
Non-migrants	2,720	1,280	1,440
Migrants	6,605	3,155	3,450
Internal migrants	6,185	2,905	3,285
Intraprovincial migrants	4,725	2,140	2,585
Interprovincial migrants	1,465	765	700
External migrants	415	255	160
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,075	13,280	13,795
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,145	3,850	3,290
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,935	9,425	10,505
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,905	7,840	8,070
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,470	1,480	990
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,435	6,360	7,075
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,075	13,275	13,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,210	3,160	3,045
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,370	3,565	3,805
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,500	6,555	6,940
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,015	5,150	4,865
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,765	1,920	835
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,405	820	585
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,350	1,100	250
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,740	3,060	3,680
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	510	160	345
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,490	1,410	2,075
Bachelor's degree	2,580	1,005	1,575
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	265	115	145
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	130	70	65
Master's degree	455	200	255
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	15	35
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,910	7,840	8,065
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,185	1,270	915
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,355	2,225	2,135
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,370	4,350	5,025
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,760	3,365	3,400
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,435	980	460
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	765	440	330
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	665	535	135
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,040	2,290	2,750
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	285	95	185
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,605	980	1,630
Bachelor's degree	1,925	710	1,215
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	185	80	105
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	105	45	60
Master's degree	340	125	215
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	20	30
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,070	13,275	13,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,575	6,720	6,855
Education	975	275	700
13. Education	975	275	700
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	165	90	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	135	60	70
Humanities	275	130	145
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	15	35
23. English language and literature/letters	55	20	35
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	25	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	25	0
54. History	15	10	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	15	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	820	210	610
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	55	25	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	360	15	340
22. Legal professions and studies	105	50	55
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	20
42. Psychology	115	20	95
45. Social sciences	150	85	70
Business, management and public administration	2,750	705	2,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	245	50	195
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,505	650	1,850
Physical and life sciences and technologies	270	130	140
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	55	20	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	40	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	80	55	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	20	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	410	290	120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	355	270	85
25. Library science	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	20	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,725	3,530	185
04. Architecture and related services	20	20	0
14. Engineering	240	225	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	840	725	110
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	825	800	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,125	1,115	15
48. Precision production	675	655	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	250	170	85
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	100	40	60
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	130	20
Health and related fields	2,800	400	2,400
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	40	15	25
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,680	345	2,330
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	35	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,055	625	435
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	470	100	375
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	315	270	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	265	250	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,910	7,840	8,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,540	3,495	3,045
Education	515	145	370
13. Education	515	145	370
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	115	50	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	100	45	55
Humanities	170	80	85
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	10	20
23. English language and literature/letters	35	15	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	40	10	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0
54. History	10	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	620	125	495
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	20	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	275	15	260
22. Legal professions and studies	70	15	55
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	15	25
42. Psychology	90	15	75
45. Social sciences	105	45	60
Business, management and public administration	1,940	480	1,465
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	30	170
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,740	445	1,295
Physical and life sciences and technologies	205	90	110
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	10	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	20	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	60	40	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	15	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	250	75
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	305	250	55
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,405	2,255	150
04. Architecture and related services	15	15	0
14. Engineering	175	165	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	580	490	85
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	540	520	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	655	650	15
48. Precision production	435	415	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	195	125	70
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80	30	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	95	20
Health and related fields	2,150	325	1,830
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	30	15	15
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,055	285	1,775
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	25	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	725	420	305
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	305	45	255
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	240	200	40
49. Transportation and materials moving	175	165	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	15,910	7,840	8,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,540	3,495	3,045
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,370	4,345	5,020
Location of study inside Canada	9,000	4,140	4,860
Same as province or territory of residence	7,345	3,405	3,945
Different than province or territory of residence	1,650	735	920
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	370	210	160
Americas	60	25	35
United States of America	55	25	30
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	110	50	55
Belgium	10	10	0
France	40	15	25
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10
Africa	85	70	20
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	10	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	50	45	0
Asia	95	45	50
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	40	20	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	20	10	15
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	10	10	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	27,075	13,275	13,795
In the labour force	14,375	7,445	6,930
Employed	12,650	6,340	6,310
Unemployed	1,725	1,100	630
Not in the labour force	12,700	5,835	6,865
Participation rate	53.1	56.1	50.2
Employment rate	46.7	47.8	45.7
Unemployment rate	12.0	14.8	9.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	27,070	13,275	13,795
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,520	5,730	6,790
Worked	14,555	7,550	7,005
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,100	3,655	3,445
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,455	3,890	3,560
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.1	38.1	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	14,370	7,440	6,930
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	330	185	145
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	14,045	7,255	6,790
Employee	12,855	6,580	6,275
Permanent position	9,510	4,725	4,790
Temporary position	3,340	1,860	1,480
Fixed term (1 year or more)	825	390	435
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,515	1,465	1,050
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,195	675	515
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	14,370	7,440	6,930
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	330	185	145
All occupations¹⁹¹	14,045	7,255	6,790
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	100	65	35
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,000	610	1,390
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	605	525	75
3 Health occupations	1,730	260	1,470
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,735	535	1,200
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	185	85	100
6 Sales and service occupations	4,250	1,945	2,305
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,515	2,385	130
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	495	460	30
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	430	380	50
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	14,370	7,440	6,930
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	330	185	145
All industries¹⁹¹	14,045	7,255	6,790
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	330	260	70
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	480	460	25
22 Utilities	180	165	20
23 Construction	880	790	90
31-33 Manufacturing	685	600	85
41 Wholesale trade	290	220	75
44-45 Retail trade	2,070	1,065	1,005
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	455	370	85
51 Information and cultural industries	150	95	60
52 Finance and insurance	265	105	160
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	110	70	45
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	360	205	155
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	500	310	185
61 Educational services	915	305	605
62 Health care and social assistance	2,935	590	2,345
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	120	65	55
72 Accommodation and food services	900	385	520
81 Other services (except public administration)	630	345	285
91 Public administration	1,775	860	915
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	15,605	8,115	7,490
English	4,210	2,470	1,740
French	4,350	2,170	2,180
Non-official language	15	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0
English and French	7,020	3,465	3,560
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	15,605	8,115	7,490
Single responses	13,400	7,085	6,310
Official languages	13,380	7,070	6,310
English	6,075	3,445	2,630
French	7,305	3,630	3,680
Non-official languages	15	10	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,215	1,035	1,180
English and French	2,215	1,035	1,180
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	15,605	8,115	7,490
None	10,785	5,690	5,100
English	2,955	1,455	1,495
French	1,855	975	890
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	12,650	6,340	6,305
Worked at home	1,555	710	845
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	1,630	1,125	495
Usual place of work	9,460	4,495	4,965
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,460	4,495	4,965
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,795	1,760	2,035
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,555	1,945	2,615
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	725	480	240
Commute to a different province or territory	385	305	70
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	11,090	5,625	5,465
Car, truck or van	10,290	5,125	5,170
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,425	4,740	4,685
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	865	375	485
Public transit	50	30	15
Walked	380	235	140
Bicycle	20	15	0
Other method	360	220	135
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	11,090	5,625	5,465
Less than 15 minutes	5,735	2,715	3,015
15 to 29 minutes	3,940	1,915	2,020
30 to 44 minutes	750	485	265
45 to 59 minutes	205	175	30
60 minutes and over	460	335	130
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	11,090	5,625	5,465
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	545	415	135
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,600	940	660
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,820	1,930	1,890
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,520	1,080	1,435
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	845	275	575
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,760	985	775
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,360	2,235	2,125
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,405	1,765	1,645
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	955	470	485
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,265	1,655	1,605
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,575	1,325	1,250
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,215	1,150	1,070
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	355	180	185
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	690	335	355

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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