Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	EdmundstonMore information: New Brunswick [Census agglomeration]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	22,144	...	...
Population, 2016¹	21,955^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	10,818	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,266	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,582.36	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	22,145	10,790	11,350
0 to 14 years	2,580	1,320	1,255
0 to 4 years	715	360	350
5 to 9 years	840	450	390
10 to 14 years	1,030	515	515
15 to 64 years	13,160	6,580	6,585
15 to 19 years	1,010	520	495
20 to 24 years	950	475	480
25 to 29 years	955	475	485
30 to 34 years	1,010	515	490
35 to 39 years	1,150	595	560
40 to 44 years	1,265	610	650
45 to 49 years	1,360	715	640
50 to 54 years	1,415	695	725
55 to 59 years	1,890	925	960
60 to 64 years	2,155	1,045	1,100
65 years and over	6,405	2,895	3,510
65 to 69 years	2,000	975	1,020
70 to 74 years	1,755	840	915
75 to 79 years	1,090	510	580
80 to 84 years	740	295	445
85 years and over	825	275	550
85 to 89 years	445	180	270
90 to 94 years	250	80	170
95 to 99 years	110	15	90
100 years and over	20	5	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.7	12.2	11.1
15 to 64 years	59.4	61.0	58.0
65 years and over	28.9	26.8	30.9
85 years and over	3.7	2.5	4.8
Average age of the population	48.8	47.5	50.0
Median age of the population	52.8	51.2	54.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,265	...	...
Single-detached house	6,805	...	...
Semi-detached house	340	...	...
Row house	260	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	615	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,725	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	125	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	355	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,270	...	...
1 person	3,740	...	...
2 persons	4,010	...	...
3 persons	1,310	...	...
4 persons	900	...	...
5 or more persons	305	...	...
Number of persons in private households	20,935	10,280	10,650
Average household size	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	19,565	9,470	10,095
Married or living common-law	11,075	5,525	5,555
Married	7,465	3,730	3,735
Living common-law	3,610	1,795	1,815
Living common law - Never married	2,660	1,315	1,345
Living common law - Separated	245	135	115
Living common law - Divorced	595	315	285
Living common law - Widowed	105	40	65
Not married and not living common-law	8,490	3,945	4,545
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,895	2,700	2,195
Not married and not living common law - Separated	730	325	400
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,110	505	605
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,755	410	1,340
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,280	...	...
2 persons	3,950	...	...
3 persons	1,230	...	...
4 persons	865	...	...
5 or more persons	235	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,280	...	...
Total couple families	5,415	...	...
Married couples	3,615	...	...
With children⁶	1,145	...	...
Without children	2,470	...	...
Common-law couples	1,800	...	...
With children⁶	865	...	...
Without children	935	...	...
Total one-parent families	865	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	640	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	230	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	20,935	10,280	10,650
Total - Persons in census families	16,295	8,085	8,205
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,830	5,400	5,430
Parents in one-parent families	865	225	640
Children⁶	4,600	2,465	2,135
In a two-parent family	3,325	1,780	1,545
In a one-parent family	1,275	685	590
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,640	2,195	2,445
Living alone	3,740	1,750	1,990
Living with other relatives⁷	360	165	200
Living with non-relatives only	535	285	250
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,265	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,960	...	...
Couple-family households	5,190	...	...
With children⁶	1,925	...	...
Without children	3,260	...	...
One-parent-family households	770	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	90	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	140	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	315	...	...
One-person households	3,740	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	18,365	8,960	9,395
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,055	8,830	9,230
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,000	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,065	8,830	9,230
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,200	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,280	7,775	7,510
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	36,400	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,110	6,455	5,655
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,800	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,925	6,870	8,055
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,700	13,200	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,325	1,645	1,680
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,280	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,230	2,050	2,180
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,550	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	18,365	8,945	9,415
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,100	8,845	9,250
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,040	49,480	36,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,100	8,845	9,250
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,640	32,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,375	7,890	7,485
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,280	44,480	31,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,120	6,570	5,550
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,320	43,120	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,910	6,810	8,100
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,760	12,740	12,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,230	1,595	1,645
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,230	7,820	6,660
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,100	2,000	2,095
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,150	7,960	8,330
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	18,365	8,950	9,420
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,820	3,170	2,650
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	57,200	46,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,850	65,500	53,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,625	2,345	2,285
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	19,800	14,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,660	27,160	20,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.6	80.2	69.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.2	64.8	56.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.4	19.8	30.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.0	2.8	3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.4	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.6	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	18,360	8,965	9,400
Without total income	305	135	170
With total income	18,060	8,830	9,225
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,265	470	790
$10,000 to $19,999	2,520	905	1,615
$20,000 to $29,999	3,460	1,445	2,020
$30,000 to $39,999	2,830	1,315	1,510
$40,000 to $49,999	2,525	1,310	1,215
$50,000 to $59,999	1,725	1,020	705
$60,000 to $69,999	1,075	680	390
$70,000 to $79,999	820	500	325
$80,000 to $89,999	635	325	315
$90,000 to $99,999	330	210	120
$100,000 and over	865	650	220
$100,000 to $149,999	640	475	160
$150,000 and over	225	175	55
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	18,360	8,965	9,400
Without after-tax income	300	130	165
With after-tax income	18,065	8,835	9,235
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,335	490	845
$10,000 to $19,999	2,625	950	1,675
$20,000 to $29,999	4,130	1,760	2,370
$30,000 to $39,999	3,470	1,730	1,735
$40,000 to $49,999	2,590	1,470	1,125
$50,000 to $59,999	1,525	930	590
$60,000 to $69,999	1,000	555	445
$70,000 to $79,999	580	340	235
$80,000 to $89,999	285	185	95
$90,000 to $99,999	160	125	35
$100,000 and over	365	280	85
$100,000 to $124,999	205	160	45
$125,000 and over	155	120	40
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	18,360	8,965	9,400
Without employment income	6,255	2,510	3,745
With employment income	12,110	6,455	5,650
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,745	930	815
$5,000 to $9,999	1,010	440	570
$10,000 to $19,999	1,565	730	835
$20,000 to $29,999	1,390	665	730
$30,000 to $39,999	1,490	710	785
$40,000 to $49,999	1,310	700	610
$50,000 to $59,999	885	580	310
$60,000 to $69,999	670	430	240
$70,000 to $79,999	590	340	245
$80,000 to $89,999	525	255	270
$90,000 to $99,999	280	190	90
$100,000 and over	645	490	160
$100,000 to $124,999	365	275	95
$125,000 and over	280	220	60
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	18,365	8,960	9,395
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,850	8,740	9,110
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	41,200	28,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,875	8,740	9,135
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	36,400	26,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,300	7,775	7,520
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	37,200	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,290	6,525	5,765
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,600	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,555	6,060	7,495
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,700	10,200	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,055	1,500	1,555
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,800	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	18,365	8,945	9,415
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,880	8,735	9,145
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,280	47,640	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,890	8,735	9,155
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,360	40,240	30,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,410	7,880	7,530
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,720	44,720	32,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,315	6,610	5,705
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,640	43,480	35,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,630	6,055	7,575
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,360	10,500	10,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,910	1,470	1,440
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,980	7,430	6,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	18,365	8,950	9,420
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,815	3,165	2,650
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	54,000	44,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,000	62,550	50,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,445	2,265	2,185
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	25,400	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,120	31,440	24,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.8	84.8	76.0
Employment income (%)	66.0	69.0	62.3
Government transfers (%)	19.1	15.3	24.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.8	2.6	2.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,270	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,740	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,530	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,265	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,705	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,560	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,270	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	245	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	210	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	475	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	545	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	555	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	495	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	900	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	780	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	670	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	615	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	535	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,585	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	935	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	655	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	640	...	...
$200,000 and over	360	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,270	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	250	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	225	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	620	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	620	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	740	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	600	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	565	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,045	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	855	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	755	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	495	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,830	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	870	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	490	...	...
$150,000 and over	470	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,320	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,285	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,025	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	835	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,275	2,035	2,245
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	36,400	28,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,400	32,400	27,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,365	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,290	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,000	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	860	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,240	2,010	2,230
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,360	43,560	33,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,480	37,160	30,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	20,935	10,285	10,650
0 to 17 years	3,190	1,645	1,545
0 to 5 years	855	440	415
18 to 64 years	12,250	6,055	6,195
65 years and over	5,495	2,580	2,910
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,390	1,460	1,925
0 to 17 years	470	235	235
0 to 5 years	160	80	80
18 to 64 years	1,475	680	795
65 years and over	1,445	550	900
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.2	14.2	18.1
0 to 17 years (%)	14.8	14.3	15.2
0 to 5 years (%)	18.4	17.5	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	11.2	12.8
65 years and over (%)	26.3	21.2	30.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	20,565	10,105	10,460
0 to 17 years	3,110	1,605	1,505
0 to 5 years	820	425	395
18 to 64 years	12,025	5,945	6,075
65 years and over	5,435	2,555	2,875
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	755	355	405
0 to 17 years	85	40	45
0 to 5 years	20	5	15
18 to 64 years	590	285	300
65 years and over	80	30	55
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.5	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.2	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	1.2	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	4.8	5.0
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.1	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	20,935	10,285	10,650
In bottom half of the distribution	13,090	6,250	6,835
In bottom decile	2,640	1,135	1,505
In second decile	3,070	1,400	1,670
In third decile	2,640	1,285	1,355
In fourth decile	2,345	1,190	1,150
In fifth decile	2,400	1,245	1,155
In top half of the distribution	7,845	4,030	3,815
In sixth decile	2,040	1,050	990
In seventh decile	1,940	990	950
In eighth decile	1,775	910	870
In ninth decile	1,280	665	610
In top decile	800	410	395
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	20,935	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	21,225	10,485	10,740
English only	445	220	230
French only	8,105	3,920	4,185
English and French	12,635	6,325	6,310
Neither English nor French	30	15	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	21,225	10,485	10,740
English	1,215	605	605
French	19,825	9,785	10,040
English and French	160	80	75
Neither English nor French	25	5	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	21,225	10,485	10,740
Single responses	20,725	10,220	10,505
Official languages	20,385	10,035	10,345
English	1,010	490	520
French	19,375	9,545	9,830
Non-official languages	340	185	160
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	340	185	160
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	70	35
Berber languages	10	10	0
Kabyle	10	5	0
Tamazight	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	85	55	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	85	55	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	10
Haitian Creole	5	0	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	130	70	60
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	15	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	5	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	0
German	5	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	25	10
Indo-Aryan languages	35	25	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	30	35
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	5	5
Romanian	25	10	15
Spanish	30	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10
Chinese languages	25	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	495	260	235
English and French	430	230	200
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	21,225	10,485	10,740
English	735	370	370
French	18,595	9,175	9,420
Non-official language	100	55	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	100	55	50
English and French	1,500	735	770
English and non-official language(s)	85	45	45
French and non-official language(s)	120	65	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	40
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	21,225	10,485	10,740
Single responses	20,810	10,280	10,530
Official languages	20,620	10,180	10,445
English	990	495	490
French	19,635	9,680	9,950
Non-official languages	190	105	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	105	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	35	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	50	30	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	50	30	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	5	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	50	35
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	10	10	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	5
Indo-Aryan languages	25	20	5
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	5
Romanian	20	10	10
Spanish	15	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10
Chinese languages	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	410	200	210
English and French	345	170	175
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	21,225	10,480	10,740
None	19,810	9,780	10,030
English	985	480	510
French	255	135	120
Non-official language	105	55	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	110	55	50
English and French	20	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	20,925	10,220	10,710
Official languages	20,905	10,210	10,700
English	12,900	6,465	6,425
French	20,505	10,000	10,505
Non-official languages	785	435	350
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	775	430	350
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	130	50
Berber languages	30	20	15
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	165	120	45
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	165	120	45
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	15	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	80	35	45
Haitian Creole	55	15	35
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	10	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	425	225	200
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	35	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	60	35	25
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0
Russian	15	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	15	20
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	15	15
German	30	15	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	20	10
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	345	170	170
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	25	20	10
Portuguese	20	10	10
Romanian	45	10	35
Spanish	260	135	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	20	10	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	10
Wojenaka	10	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10
Chinese languages	15	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,925	10,220	10,705
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	655	315	340
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	595	300	300
First Nations (North American Indian)	380	190	190
Métis	220	105	105
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	15	35
Non-Indigenous identity	20,270	9,905	10,365
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,925	10,220	10,705
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	275	130	145
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20,650	10,090	10,565
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,270	...	...
Owner	7,285	...	...
Renter	2,955	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,270	...	...
Condominium	860	...	...
Not condominium	9,405	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,270	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...
1 bedroom	1,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,340	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,540	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,985	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,270	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,820	...	...
5 rooms	2,090	...	...
6 rooms	1,690	...	...
7 rooms	1,265	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,270	...	...
One person or fewer per room	10,240	...	...
More than one person per room	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,270	...	...
Suitable	10,145	...	...
Not suitable	115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,270	...	...
1960 or before	2,830	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,400	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,505	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,180	...	...
2001 to 2005	465	...	...
2006 to 2010	375	...	...
2011 to 2015	190	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	325	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,270	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,560	...	...
Major repairs needed	710	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,270	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,045	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,070	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	150	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,270	...	...
15 to 24 years	235	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,080	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,295	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,550	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,400	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,305	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,115	...	...
85 years and over	295	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	10,040	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,710	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,330	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,270	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,050	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,235	...	...
Not suitable only	110	...	...
Major repairs needed only	605	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	8,220	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,930	...	...
In core need	285	...	...
Not in core need	9,645	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,150	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	877	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	150,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	165,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,910	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	670	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	25	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	320	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	20,925	10,215	10,705
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	600	260	345
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	595	260	340
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	475	215	260
Métis single ancestry	125	45	75
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	610	320	290
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	605	320	285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	580	305	275
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,715	9,645	10,075
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	20,930	10,220	10,710
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	20,260	9,845	10,415
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,025	1,540	1,490
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	17,235	8,310	8,925
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	670	375	300
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	20,930	10,220	10,710
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	19,915	9,700	10,215
Immigrants⁸¹	715	325	390
Before 1980	215	80	135
1980 to 1990	35	20	15
1991 to 2000	55	25	30
2001 to 2010	100	45	50
2011 to 2021⁸²	310	155	155
2011 to 2015	65	25	40
2016 to 2021	245	130	115
Non-permanent residents⁸³	295	195	105
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	715	325	390
Under 5 years	95	40	55
5 to 14 years	145	90	55
15 to 24 years	140	25	120
25 to 44 years	285	150	135
45 years and over	50	25	25
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	715	325	390
Americas	360	130	235
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	35	10	20
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	310	115	195
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	150	65	80
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	35	20	15
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	30	10	20
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	50	15	30
Africa	150	90	55
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	10	10
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	60	45	20
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	25
Asia	40	25	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	10	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	245	130	115
Americas	50	20	35
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	35	15	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	80	45	40
France	20	10	15
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	35	25
Africa	105	60	40
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	10	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	35	30	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0
Asia	10	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	20,925	10,220	10,705
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,240	605	640
Second generation¹⁰¹	955	495	455
Third generation or more¹⁰²	18,730	9,115	9,610
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	500	245	250
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	265	150	120
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	105	90	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	165	60	105
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	210	95	115
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	0	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	500	245	250
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	0	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	110	65	50
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	10	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	15	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	315	145	170
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	20,925	10,220	10,705
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	630	360	265
South Asian	35	15	20
Chinese	15	0	15
Black	350	205	145
Filipino	35	15	15
Arab	135	95	40
Latin American	20	0	10
Southeast Asian	20	0	10
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	20,295	9,855	10,440
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	20,925	10,220	10,710
Canadian	8,910	4,250	4,660
English	295	115	180
Irish	710	350	360
Scottish	210	95	115
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,390	2,180	2,215
German	110	50	60
Chinese	10	0	10
Italian	205	105	105
Indian (India)	55	25	25
Ukrainian	15	15	0
Dutch	20	0	20
Polish	25	15	10
Québécois	635	290	340
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	55	20	35
Filipino	30	10	15
French Canadian	1,965	900	1,065
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,195	575	625
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	435	225	210
Métis	150	55	90
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	185	75	105
Russian	10	0	10
Norwegian	0	0	0
Welsh	20	20	0
Portuguese	35	20	10
American	340	185	155
Spanish	40	15	30
Swedish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Acadian	2,610	1,265	1,345
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	45	25	20
Jewish	10	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	15	10
Greek	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	30	10	20
Lebanese	35	25	15
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	120	55	65
Danish	20	0	10
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	235	115	120
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	35	20	15
Haitian	55	20	35
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	15	15	0
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	30	10	20
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	100	40	50
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	80	60	20
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	10
Serbian	35	30	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	20	15
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	40	30	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	25	15	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	1,035	545	490
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	0	20
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	65	35	30
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	10	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	25	25
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	0	20
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	20	0	15
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	15
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	15	10	10
Norman	30	25	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	15	10	10
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	210	110	100
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	20,925	10,220	10,705
Buddhist	10	0	10
Christian	18,130	8,650	9,480
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	910	430	480
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	35	0	35
Baptist	60	30	30
Catholic	16,695	7,980	8,720
Christian Orthodox	80	40	40
Jehovah's Witness	35	15	15
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	10	10	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	160	65	90
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	40	15	20
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	105	60	45
Hindu	0	0	0
Jewish	10	0	10
Muslim	215	160	50
Sikh	10	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	30	0	30
No religion and secular perspectives	2,515	1,390	1,125
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	20,805	10,155	10,650
Non-movers	19,020	9,310	9,710
Movers	1,785	845	940
Non-migrants	1,135	555	580
Migrants	655	295	365
Internal migrants	615	270	345
Intraprovincial migrants	420	180	235
Interprovincial migrants	195	85	105
External migrants	40	25	15
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	20,260	9,905	10,355
Non-movers	14,375	7,070	7,305
Movers	5,885	2,840	3,050
Non-migrants	2,310	1,105	1,210
Migrants	3,575	1,735	1,840
Internal migrants	3,115	1,475	1,635
Intraprovincial migrants	2,465	1,160	1,305
Interprovincial migrants	650	315	330
External migrants	465	260	200
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,365	8,950	9,420
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,175	2,135	2,035
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,190	6,810	7,380
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,985	5,440	5,540
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,375	835	540
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,610	4,605	5,005
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,365	8,945	9,415
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,895	1,955	1,940
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,155	2,635	2,520
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,310	4,355	4,955
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,305	3,145	3,165
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,335	1,455	880
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,440	780	665
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	895	675	220
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,425	1,505	1,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	540	180	360
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,005	1,210	1,795
Bachelor's degree	2,115	820	1,295
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	210	70	135
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140	80	60
Master's degree	435	190	245
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	110	50	60
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,980	5,440	5,545
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,275	775	495
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,030	1,645	1,385
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,680	3,020	3,660
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,440	2,165	2,280
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,475	880	595
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	965	510	450
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	515	365	145
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,655	1,170	1,480
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	315	115	200
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,240	855	1,380
Bachelor's degree	1,590	600	990
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	150	40	100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	110	60	50
Master's degree	315	115	195
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	30	40
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	18,360	8,945	9,415
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,055	4,590	4,460
Education	715	190	525
13. Education	715	190	525
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	110	45	65
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	95	35	60
Humanities	170	70	100
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	30	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	0
54. History	20	15	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	580	180	400
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	15	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	180	25	155
22. Legal professions and studies	90	30	60
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	145	45	105
45. Social sciences	100	60	45
Business, management and public administration	2,125	630	1,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	30	145
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,950	600	1,350
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140	65	80
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75	35	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	15	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	185	135	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	135	115	25
25. Library science	20	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,145	2,080	60
04. Architecture and related services	20	15	0
14. Engineering	225	205	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	480	465	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	595	590	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	575	565	0
48. Precision production	250	235	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	290	210	80
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	115	45	65
03. Natural resources and conservation	175	165	15
Health and related fields	1,940	320	1,625
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65	45	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,800	230	1,570
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	45	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	900	435	465
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	550	145	405
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	190	135	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	150	0
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,985	5,445	5,540
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,305	2,420	1,885
Education	415	95	325
13. Education	415	95	325
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	85	35	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	80	30	50
Humanities	105	50	60
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35	15	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	15	15	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	430	110	325
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	15	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	145	10	130
22. Legal professions and studies	60	15	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	120	30	90
45. Social sciences	65	40	25
Business, management and public administration	1,575	430	1,145
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	125	15	115
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,445	415	1,030
Physical and life sciences and technologies	100	50	50
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	25	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	155	120	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125	105	30
25. Library science	20	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,450	1,400	50
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	0
14. Engineering	160	140	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	355	345	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	370	365	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	370	365	0
48. Precision production	180	170	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	235	160	80
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80	15	70
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	140	10
Health and related fields	1,430	235	1,200
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	35	15
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,330	170	1,160
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	680	350	335
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	370	85	285
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	175	130	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	135	135	0
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,985	5,445	5,540
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,305	2,420	1,885
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,680	3,020	3,660
Location of study inside Canada	6,325	2,830	3,495
Same as province or territory of residence	5,070	2,235	2,845
Different than province or territory of residence	1,245	600	650
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	360	190	165
Americas	120	50	65
United States of America	95	40	55
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	95	45	50
Belgium	10	0	0
France	35	20	15
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	100	65	30
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	15	15	0
Morocco	30	25	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	20	20
Asia	50	30	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	20	10	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	10	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	18,365	8,945	9,415
In the labour force	10,300	5,380	4,915
Employed	9,425	4,885	4,540
Unemployed	875	500	375
Not in the labour force	8,065	3,570	4,500
Participation rate	56.1	60.1	52.2
Employment rate	51.3	54.6	48.2
Unemployment rate	8.5	9.3	7.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	18,360	8,945	9,415
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,635	3,295	4,340
Worked	10,730	5,655	5,080
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,935	3,230	2,710
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,790	2,425	2,365
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.1	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,295	5,380	4,920
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	105	45	60
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,190	5,335	4,855
Employee	9,250	4,720	4,525
Permanent position	7,565	3,820	3,745
Temporary position	1,680	905	780
Fixed term (1 year or more)	375	165	210
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,305	735	570
Self-employed¹⁹²	945	615	330
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,295	5,380	4,920
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	105	45	60
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,190	5,335	4,855
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	130	95	40
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,425	405	1,020
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	440	380	65
3 Health occupations	1,355	260	1,090
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,150	370	780
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	150	65	90
6 Sales and service occupations	2,890	1,290	1,595
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,535	1,475	60
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	295	270	25
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	830	735	95
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,295	5,380	4,920
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	105	45	60
All industries¹⁹¹	10,190	5,335	4,855
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	360	320	40
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0
22 Utilities	30	25	0
23 Construction	480	440	40
31-33 Manufacturing	1,440	1,205	230
41 Wholesale trade	200	165	35
44-45 Retail trade	1,385	745	640
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	360	305	60
51 Information and cultural industries	135	50	80
52 Finance and insurance	240	85	155
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	75	40	35
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	320	185	130
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	340	215	125
61 Educational services	650	215	430
62 Health care and social assistance	2,205	465	1,740
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	135	60	80
72 Accommodation and food services	610	190	415
81 Other services (except public administration)	425	195	235
91 Public administration	805	430	380
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,305	5,965	5,345
English	445	265	185
French	7,575	4,045	3,530
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	3,285	1,650	1,630
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,305	5,965	5,345
Single responses	10,810	5,695	5,120
Official languages	10,810	5,695	5,120
English	830	465	360
French	9,980	5,225	4,760
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	495	270	230
English and French	495	265	230
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,305	5,965	5,345
None	8,515	4,575	3,940
English	2,405	1,180	1,225
French	385	210	180
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,420	4,885	4,540
Worked at home	890	460	430
Worked outside Canada	65	50	15
No fixed workplace address	1,075	855	215
Usual place of work	7,390	3,515	3,875
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,395	3,515	3,875
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,750	2,215	2,535
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,255	1,090	1,165
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	290	145	140
Commute to a different province or territory	95	60	35
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,460	4,375	4,090
Car, truck or van	8,020	4,125	3,895
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,525	3,880	3,645
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	490	240	255
Public transit	30	20	10
Walked	240	135	105
Bicycle	30	20	15
Other method	145	80	70
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,460	4,375	4,090
Less than 15 minutes	5,225	2,535	2,690
15 to 29 minutes	2,320	1,205	1,120
30 to 44 minutes	505	295	210
45 to 59 minutes	200	175	25
60 minutes and over	220	170	45
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,460	4,375	4,090
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	540	405	140
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,345	760	585
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,925	1,530	1,395
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,885	765	1,120
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	490	145	350
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,275	775	500
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,260	1,690	1,580
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,180	1,645	1,530
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	40	45
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,505	1,300	1,200
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,440	1,270	1,170
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,225	1,160	1,070
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215	115	100
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	30	30

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not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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