Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	PembrokeMore information: Ontario [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	23,814	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	23,269	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	10,765	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,257	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	43.0	...	...	43.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	553.40	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	23,815	11,465	12,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,565	1,810	1,760	15.0	15.8	14.3
0 to 4 years	1,170	560	615	4.9	4.9	5.0
5 to 9 years	1,175	615	560	4.9	5.4	4.5
10 to 14 years	1,220	635	585	5.1	5.5	4.7
15 to 64 years	14,485	7,140	7,340	60.8	62.3	59.4
15 to 19 years	1,190	605	585	5.0	5.3	4.7
20 to 24 years	1,250	645	605	5.2	5.6	4.9
25 to 29 years	1,475	745	730	6.2	6.5	5.9
30 to 34 years	1,435	730	705	6.0	6.4	5.7
35 to 39 years	1,440	745	695	6.0	6.5	5.6
40 to 44 years	1,240	600	640	5.2	5.2	5.2
45 to 49 years	1,270	595	675	5.3	5.2	5.5
50 to 54 years	1,380	650	730	5.8	5.7	5.9
55 to 59 years	1,900	920	980	8.0	8.0	7.9
60 to 64 years	1,890	900	990	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over	5,760	2,515	3,250	24.2	21.9	26.3
65 to 69 years	1,655	790	865	6.9	6.9	7.0
70 to 74 years	1,410	685	730	5.9	6.0	5.9
75 to 79 years	1,050	465	585	4.4	4.1	4.7
80 to 84 years	755	320	435	3.2	2.8	3.5
85 years and over	900	260	635	3.8	2.3	5.1
85 to 89 years	540	180	360	2.3	1.6	2.9
90 to 94 years	250	65	185	1.0	0.6	1.5
95 to 99 years	90	10	75	0.4	0.1	0.6
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	15.8	14.3	15.0	15.8	14.3
15 to 64 years	60.8	62.3	59.4	60.8	62.3	59.4
65 years and over	24.2	21.9	26.3	24.2	21.9	26.3
85 years and over	3.8	2.3	5.1	3.8	2.3	5.1
Average age of the population	44.9	43.3	46.3	44.9	43.3	46.3
Median age of the population	46.0	43.6	48.4	46.0	43.6	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,245	...	...	70.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	590	...	...	5.8	...	...
Row house	310	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	245	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,835	...	...	17.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,235	...	...	31.5	...	...
2 persons	3,845	...	...	37.5	...	...
3 persons	1,485	...	...	14.5	...	...
4 persons	1,065	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	620	...	...	6.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	23,085	11,240	11,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	20,250	9,655	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	11,235	5,610	5,625	55.5	58.1	53.1
Married	8,855	4,430	4,425	43.7	45.9	41.8
Living common-law	2,380	1,185	1,200	11.8	12.3	11.3
Living common law - Never married	1,705	860	850	8.4	8.9	8.0
Living common law - Separated	120	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	480	235	250	2.4	2.4	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	9,010	4,045	4,970	44.5	41.9	46.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,225	2,865	2,360	25.8	29.7	22.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	680	265	415	3.4	2.7	3.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,355	550	805	6.7	5.7	7.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,755	365	1,385	8.7	3.8	13.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,960	...	...	58.3	...	...
3 persons	1,375	...	...	20.3	...	...
4 persons	995	...	...	14.7	...	...
5 or more persons	460	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,500	...	...	81.1	...	...
Married couples	4,310	...	...	63.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,850	...	...	27.3	...	...
Without children	2,455	...	...	36.2	...	...
Common-law couples	1,190	...	...	17.5	...	...
With children⁶	490	...	...	7.2	...	...
Without children	705	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,285	...	...	18.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	990	...	...	14.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	300	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	23,085	11,240	11,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	18,500	9,095	9,410	80.1	80.9	79.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	11,000	5,485	5,515	47.6	48.8	46.6
Parents in one-parent families	1,285	300	985	5.6	2.7	8.3
Children⁶	6,210	3,305	2,910	26.9	29.4	24.6
In a two-parent family	4,260	2,235	2,025	18.5	19.9	17.1
In a one-parent family	1,955	1,070	885	8.5	9.5	7.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,585	2,150	2,435	19.9	19.1	20.6
Living alone	3,235	1,470	1,765	14.0	13.1	14.9
Living with other relatives⁷	495	195	305	2.1	1.7	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	855	485	365	3.7	4.3	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,075	...	...	59.2	...	...
Couple-family households	5,055	...	...	49.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,140	...	...	20.9	...	...
Without children	2,910	...	...	28.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,020	...	...	9.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	225	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	315	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	380	...	...	3.7	...	...
One-person households	3,235	...	...	31.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	19,515	9,430	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,960	9,140	9,820	97.2	96.9	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	46,000	35,200	39,600	46,000	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,970	9,140	9,825	97.2	96.9	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	32,800	36,000	41,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,230	7,985	8,250	83.2	84.7	81.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	42,400	27,400	34,400	42,400	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,445	6,395	6,050	63.8	67.8	60.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,600	31,000	36,800	43,600	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,370	8,250	9,125	89.0	87.5	90.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	9,500	12,200	11,200	9,500	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,730	820	910	8.9	8.7	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,680	5,480	5,480	5,680	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,310	1,945	2,365	22.1	20.6	23.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	19,520	9,430	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,015	9,195	9,815	97.4	97.5	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,200	54,650	42,200	48,200	54,650	42,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,025	9,195	9,830	97.5	97.5	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,480	46,320	36,960	41,480	46,320	36,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,255	8,015	8,240	83.3	85.0	81.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,680	51,450	36,080	43,680	51,450	36,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,445	6,400	6,045	63.8	67.9	59.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,040	49,640	38,080	44,040	49,640	38,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,500	8,330	9,170	89.7	88.3	90.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,820	10,770	12,780	11,820	10,770	12,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,770	875	895	9.1	9.3	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,180	7,100	7,260	7,180	7,100	7,260
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,325	1,965	2,360	22.2	20.8	23.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,860	9,060	8,690	8,860	9,060	8,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	19,515	9,435	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,945	3,360	2,585	30.5	35.6	25.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	66,000	53,200	60,400	66,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,900	70,300	60,300	65,900	70,300	60,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,715	2,105	2,610	24.2	22.3	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	18,800	16,600	17,200	18,800	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,340	28,240	22,980	25,340	28,240	22,980
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	82.2	71.8	77.4	82.2	71.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.7	63.2	55.5	59.7	63.2	55.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.6	17.9	28.3	22.6	17.9	28.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.1	6.2	5.0	4.1	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.5	5.0	4.2	3.5	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	19,515	9,435	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	555	290	270	2.8	3.1	2.7
With total income	18,960	9,140	9,820	97.2	96.9	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,290	505	785	6.8	5.5	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	2,600	1,085	1,515	13.7	11.9	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	3,115	1,305	1,810	16.4	14.3	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	2,575	1,075	1,505	13.6	11.8	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	2,165	995	1,175	11.4	10.9	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,900	940	955	10.0	10.3	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,480	825	660	7.8	9.0	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,070	695	380	5.6	7.6	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	750	445	305	4.0	4.9	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	565	370	195	3.0	4.0	2.0
$100,000 and over	1,445	905	535	7.6	9.9	5.4
$100,000 to $149,999	1,090	670	425	5.7	7.3	4.3
$150,000 and over	350	240	110	1.8	2.6	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	19,515	9,435	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	545	290	255	2.8	3.1	2.5
With after-tax income	18,970	9,145	9,825	97.2	96.9	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,370	525	845	7.2	5.7	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	2,675	1,120	1,555	14.1	12.2	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	3,515	1,455	2,060	18.5	15.9	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	3,000	1,325	1,675	15.8	14.5	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	2,585	1,250	1,335	13.6	13.7	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	1,985	1,080	910	10.5	11.8	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,340	820	515	7.1	9.0	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	920	570	350	4.8	6.2	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	640	370	270	3.4	4.0	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	340	215	120	1.8	2.4	1.2
$100,000 and over	605	410	195	3.2	4.5	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	325	220	105	1.7	2.4	1.1
$125,000 and over	280	195	85	1.5	2.1	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	19,515	9,435	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	7,075	3,040	4,035	36.3	32.2	40.0
With employment income	12,440	6,395	6,050	63.7	67.8	60.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,725	815	910	13.9	12.7	15.0
$5,000 to $9,999	955	395	560	7.7	6.2	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	1,495	665	825	12.0	10.4	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	1,160	495	665	9.3	7.7	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	1,285	615	670	10.3	9.6	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,200	580	620	9.6	9.1	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	1,065	550	515	8.6	8.6	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	895	530	365	7.2	8.3	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	680	470	210	5.5	7.3	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	540	340	195	4.3	5.3	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	420	275	145	3.4	4.3	2.4
$100,000 and over	1,020	655	365	8.2	10.2	6.0
$100,000 to $124,999	600	360	245	4.8	5.6	4.0
$125,000 and over	420	300	115	3.4	4.7	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	19,515	9,430	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,785	9,050	9,735	96.3	96.0	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,000	32,000	37,200	44,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,790	9,050	9,740	96.3	96.0	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,600	30,000	34,000	39,600	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,220	7,985	8,235	83.1	84.7	81.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,400	28,600	34,800	42,400	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,700	6,505	6,195	65.1	69.0	61.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,800	31,200	36,400	42,800	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,755	7,945	8,805	85.9	84.3	87.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300	4,400	8,700	7,300	4,400	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,650	775	875	8.5	8.2	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,720	5,200	5,480	5,720	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	19,520	9,430	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,840	9,110	9,730	96.5	96.6	96.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,720	53,600	40,320	46,720	53,600	40,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,860	9,110	9,745	96.6	96.6	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,520	34,240	39,200	44,520	34,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,290	8,045	8,245	83.5	85.3	81.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,720	52,500	37,080	44,720	52,500	37,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,825	6,570	6,260	65.7	69.7	62.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,320	48,640	37,720	43,320	48,640	37,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,815	7,960	8,850	86.1	84.4	87.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,070	8,250	9,800	9,070	8,250	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,675	810	865	8.6	8.6	8.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,330	6,050	6,580	6,330	6,050	6,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	19,515	9,435	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,945	3,370	2,575	30.5	35.7	25.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	60,400	49,600	56,800	60,400	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,000	66,300	56,450	62,000	66,300	56,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,570	2,025	2,545	23.4	21.5	25.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	25,400	21,000	22,800	25,400	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720	34,360	27,800	30,720	34,360	27,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.6	86.6	77.8	82.6	86.6	77.8
Employment income (%)	63.1	65.4	60.2	63.1	65.4	60.2
Government transfers (%)	17.3	13.4	22.1	17.3	13.4	22.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,255	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...	89,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,900	...	...	76,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,640	...	...	43,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,480	...	...	38,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,400	...	...	110,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...	94,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	65	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	515	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	430	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	380	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	485	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	430	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	440	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	860	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	805	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	755	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	675	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	585	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,345	...	...	32.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,110	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	780	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	815	...	...	7.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	650	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	70	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	165	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	545	...	...	5.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	485	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	455	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	520	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	540	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	510	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	975	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	925	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	835	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	685	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	615	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,595	...	...	25.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,080	...	...	10.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	665	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	860	...	...	8.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,955	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,375	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,090	1,955	2,130	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	37,200	34,000	35,600	37,200	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,400	31,800	32,800	34,400	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...	84,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,800	...	...	144,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,400	...	...	122,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,600	...	...	64,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,095	1,945	2,150	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,880	43,760	40,160	41,880	43,760	40,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,080	38,560	35,720	37,080	38,560	35,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	23,080	11,240	11,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,245	2,155	2,085	18.4	19.2	17.6
0 to 5 years	1,405	680	725	6.1	6.0	6.1
18 to 64 years	13,720	6,740	6,980	59.4	60.0	58.9
65 years and over	5,120	2,350	2,780	22.2	20.9	23.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,860	1,335	1,530	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	570	310	260	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	205	100	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,535	725	805	...	...	...
65 years and over	760	295	465	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.4	11.9	12.9	12.4	11.9	12.9
0 to 17 years (%)	13.4	14.5	12.3	13.4	14.5	12.3
0 to 5 years (%)	14.6	14.4	14.8	14.6	14.4	14.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	10.8	11.6	11.2	10.8	11.6
65 years and over (%)	14.8	12.6	16.7	14.8	12.6	16.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	23,085	11,240	11,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,240	2,160	2,085	18.4	19.2	17.6
0 to 5 years	1,405	685	720	6.1	6.1	6.1
18 to 64 years	13,720	6,735	6,985	59.4	59.9	59.0
65 years and over	5,125	2,345	2,775	22.2	20.9	23.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	730	385	345	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	90	35	55	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	15	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	585	325	260	...	...	...
65 years and over	55	20	35	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.4	2.9	3.2	3.4	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	1.8	2.6	2.2	1.8	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.9	3.7	4.3	4.9	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.9	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	23,080	11,240	11,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	12,495	5,925	6,575	54.1	52.7	55.5
In bottom decile	2,500	1,200	1,295	10.8	10.7	10.9
In second decile	2,510	1,135	1,380	10.9	10.1	11.7
In third decile	2,620	1,230	1,390	11.4	10.9	11.7
In fourth decile	2,510	1,190	1,320	10.9	10.6	11.1
In fifth decile	2,350	1,165	1,185	10.2	10.4	10.0
In top half of the distribution	10,590	5,320	5,270	45.9	47.3	44.5
In sixth decile	2,440	1,200	1,240	10.6	10.7	10.5
In seventh decile	2,360	1,210	1,150	10.2	10.8	9.7
In eighth decile	2,130	1,050	1,075	9.2	9.3	9.1
In ninth decile	2,080	1,065	1,015	9.0	9.5	8.6
In top decile	1,580	785	795	6.8	7.0	6.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	23,085	...	...	23,085	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.450	...	...	0.450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	23,380	11,340	12,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	19,965	9,830	10,130	85.4	86.7	84.2
French only	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	3,335	1,470	1,865	14.3	13.0	15.5
Neither English nor French	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	23,380	11,340	12,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	22,010	10,715	11,290	94.1	94.5	93.8
French	1,270	570	700	5.4	5.0	5.8
English and French	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	23,380	11,340	12,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,940	11,135	11,810	98.1	98.2	98.1
Official languages	22,225	10,820	11,400	95.1	95.4	94.7
English	20,880	10,215	10,670	89.3	90.1	88.7
French	1,345	610	735	5.8	5.4	6.1
Non-official languages	720	310	405	3.1	2.7	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	715	315	405	3.1	2.8	3.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	5	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	505	230	280	2.2	2.0	2.3
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	40	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	95	40	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	205	85	125	0.9	0.7	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	150	60	95	0.6	0.5	0.8
German	145	55	90	0.6	0.5	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	30	50	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	80	30	50	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	435	205	225	1.9	1.8	1.9
English and French	340	160	180	1.5	1.4	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	23,380	11,340	12,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,665	10,580	11,085	92.7	93.3	92.1
French	350	155	190	1.5	1.4	1.6
Non-official language	100	45	60	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	45	60	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	760	340	425	3.3	3.0	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	445	205	240	1.9	1.8	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	23,380	11,340	12,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,150	11,250	11,900	99.0	99.2	98.9
Official languages	22,915	11,135	11,775	98.0	98.2	97.8
English	22,450	10,930	11,520	96.0	96.4	95.7
French	460	205	250	2.0	1.8	2.1
Non-official languages	240	115	130	1.0	1.0	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	240	115	130	1.0	1.0	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	145	70	75	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	225	90	135	1.0	0.8	1.1
English and French	155	60	90	0.7	0.5	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	23,380	11,340	12,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	22,325	10,865	11,460	95.5	95.8	95.2
English	205	100	110	0.9	0.9	0.9
French	510	230	285	2.2	2.0	2.4
Non-official language	265	115	150	1.1	1.0	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	265	110	150	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and French	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	23,080	11,240	11,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	23,075	11,230	11,845	100.0	99.9	100.0
English	23,030	11,210	11,820	99.8	99.7	99.8
French	3,335	1,430	1,900	14.4	12.7	16.0
Non-official languages	1,100	490	600	4.8	4.4	5.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,090	490	600	4.7	4.4	5.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	20	60	0.3	0.2	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	840	395	440	3.6	3.5	3.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	110	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	305	125	180	1.3	1.1	1.5
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	235	100	135	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	225	95	135	1.0	0.8	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	135	75	60	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	130	70	60	0.6	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Gujarati	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	60	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	270	130	140	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	190	85	100	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	75	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,085	11,240	11,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,700	1,310	1,390	11.7	11.7	11.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,580	1,245	1,325	11.2	11.1	11.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,505	710	795	6.5	6.3	6.7
Métis	1,045	525	520	4.5	4.7	4.4
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	95	40	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-Indigenous identity	20,385	9,930	10,450	88.3	88.3	88.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,085	11,240	11,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	775	375	400	3.4	3.3	3.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	22,310	10,865	11,445	96.6	96.7	96.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	7,045	...	...	68.7	...	...
Renter	3,210	...	...	31.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	200	...	...	1.9	...	...
Not condominium	10,060	...	...	98.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	40	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	1,085	...	...	10.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,720	...	...	26.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,795	...	...	37.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,625	...	...	25.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,200	...	...	21.4	...	...
5 rooms	1,680	...	...	16.4	...	...
6 rooms	1,635	...	...	15.9	...	...
7 rooms	1,455	...	...	14.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,285	...	...	32.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	10,205	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	50	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	9,965	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	285	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,110	...	...	40.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,760	...	...	26.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,055	...	...	10.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,165	...	...	11.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	280	...	...	2.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	375	...	...	3.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	300	...	...	2.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	215	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,475	...	...	92.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	785	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,620	...	...	54.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,330	...	...	42.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	310	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	310	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,360	...	...	13.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,525	...	...	14.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,435	...	...	14.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,190	...	...	21.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,880	...	...	18.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,135	...	...	11.1	...	...
85 years and over	425	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,360	...	...	82.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,795	...	...	17.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,690	...	...	16.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,560	...	...	25.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,525	...	...	14.9	...	...
Not suitable only	220	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	515	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	230	...	...	2.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,695	...	...	75.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	10,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	900	...	...	9.0	...	...
Not in core need	9,150	...	...	91.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,970	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.4	...	...	55.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,147	...	...	1,147	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000	...	...	290,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	324,000	...	...	324,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,210	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.2	...	...	18.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.6	...	...	35.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.5	...	...	22.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	981	...	...	981	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	23,085	11,240	11,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	820	410	405	3.6	3.6	3.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	805	405	405	3.5	3.6	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	635	325	305	2.8	2.9	2.6
Métis single ancestry	165	75	95	0.7	0.7	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,360	1,105	1,255	10.2	9.8	10.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,265	1,065	1,195	9.8	9.5	10.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,795	840	955	7.8	7.5	8.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	425	205	220	1.8	1.8	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	100	40	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	40	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,905	9,725	10,180	86.2	86.5	85.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	23,085	11,240	11,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	22,820	11,150	11,670	98.9	99.2	98.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,190	2,160	2,030	18.2	19.2	17.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	18,635	8,995	9,635	80.7	80.0	81.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	260	85	175	1.1	0.8	1.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	23,085	11,240	11,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	22,060	10,790	11,275	95.6	96.0	95.2
Immigrants⁸¹	970	430	535	4.2	3.8	4.5
Before 1980	435	215	220	1.9	1.9	1.9
1980 to 1990	120	50	75	0.5	0.4	0.6
1991 to 2000	145	70	80	0.6	0.6	0.7
2001 to 2010	125	65	65	0.5	0.6	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	135	40	95	0.6	0.4	0.8
2011 to 2015	65	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
2016 to 2021	70	15	55	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	50	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	970	430	535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	130	60	75	13.4	14.0	14.0
5 to 14 years	220	100	120	22.7	23.3	22.4
15 to 24 years	225	115	105	23.2	26.7	19.6
25 to 44 years	355	145	215	36.6	33.7	40.2
45 years and over	35	15	20	3.6	3.5	3.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	970	430	535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	190	85	100	19.6	19.8	18.7
Brazil	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	1.9
Colombia	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	15	15	3.1	3.5	2.8
Mexico	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	90	45	45	9.3	10.5	8.4
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	1.9
Europe	515	240	270	53.1	55.8	50.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	1.0	2.3	0.0
Germany	105	55	45	10.8	12.8	8.4
Greece	20	10	10	2.1	2.3	1.9
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	60	30	35	6.2	7.0	6.5
Poland	35	15	15	3.6	3.5	2.8
Portugal	10	10	0	1.0	2.3	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	190	85	105	19.6	19.8	19.6
Other places of birth in Europe	50	20	25	5.2	4.7	4.7
Africa	30	20	15	3.1	4.7	2.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.9
Asia	230	90	145	23.7	20.9	27.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	20	2.1	0.0	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	20	10	3.1	4.7	1.9
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.9
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	10	45	5.7	2.3	8.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	20	3.6	4.7	3.7
Pakistan	10	10	0	1.0	2.3	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	15	3.1	2.3	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	75	15	55	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	30	0	20	40.0	0.0	36.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	10	13.3	0.0	18.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	10	0	0	13.3	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	13.3	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	35	0	30	46.7	0.0	54.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	20.0	0.0	18.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	13.3	0.0	18.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	23,080	11,240	11,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,185	540	645	5.1	4.8	5.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,805	955	845	7.8	8.5	7.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	20,095	9,740	10,355	87.1	86.7	87.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	530	215	310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	245	115	135	46.2	53.5	43.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	120	65	55	22.6	30.2	17.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	135	50	80	25.5	23.3	25.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	230	70	160	43.4	32.6	51.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	45	30	15	8.5	14.0	4.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	530	215	310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	15	0	3.8	7.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	75	15	60	14.2	7.0	19.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	15	0	2.8	7.0	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	35	15	20	6.6	7.0	6.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	1.9	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	375	150	220	70.8	69.8	71.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	23,085	11,240	11,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	705	325	380	3.1	2.9	3.2
South Asian	185	100	80	0.8	0.9	0.7
Chinese	110	40	75	0.5	0.4	0.6
Black	115	60	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	110	35	80	0.5	0.3	0.7
Arab	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	65	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	22,380	10,915	11,465	96.9	97.1	96.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	23,085	11,240	11,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	3,865	2,000	1,865	16.7	17.8	15.7
English	3,870	1,795	2,070	16.8	16.0	17.5
Irish	6,455	3,075	3,385	28.0	27.4	28.6
Scottish	4,395	2,080	2,315	19.0	18.5	19.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,360	2,600	2,765	23.2	23.1	23.3
German	6,165	2,920	3,245	26.7	26.0	27.4
Chinese	140	60	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
Italian	605	315	295	2.6	2.8	2.5
Indian (India)	155	80	70	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ukrainian	460	190	270	2.0	1.7	2.3
Dutch	675	330	350	2.9	2.9	3.0
Polish	1,395	615	780	6.0	5.5	6.6
Québécois	120	70	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	585	275	315	2.5	2.4	2.7
Filipino	110	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.5
French Canadian	710	325	385	3.1	2.9	3.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	565	265	300	2.4	2.4	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,090	545	545	4.7	4.8	4.6
Métis	705	325	380	3.1	2.9	3.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	315	160	155	1.4	1.4	1.3
Russian	200	110	95	0.9	1.0	0.8
Norwegian	55	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Welsh	420	210	210	1.8	1.9	1.8
Portuguese	70	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	160	70	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Spanish	130	50	80	0.6	0.4	0.7
Swedish	180	85	95	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hungarian	120	40	80	0.5	0.4	0.7
Acadian	90	55	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pakistani	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jewish	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	65	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
Jamaican	50	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	125	65	65	0.5	0.6	0.5
Danish	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	530	255	280	2.3	2.3	2.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	95	65	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
Belgian	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swiss	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Finnish	120	65	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Sri Lankan	35	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatian	55	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	100	30	65	0.4	0.3	0.5
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Syrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	90	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Newfoundlander	100	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	185	85	95	0.8	0.8	0.8
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	635	285	350	2.8	2.5	3.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	55	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
South African	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	115	60	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	23,085	11,240	11,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Christian	16,090	7,460	8,620	69.7	66.4	72.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,040	500	545	4.5	4.4	4.6
Anabaptist	40	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Anglican	940	405	540	4.1	3.6	4.6
Baptist	360	180	185	1.6	1.6	1.6
Catholic	8,435	3,920	4,515	36.5	34.9	38.1
Christian Orthodox	70	50	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	105	35	65	0.5	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	2,410	1,140	1,270	10.4	10.1	10.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	80	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	270	125	145	1.2	1.1	1.2
Presbyterian	255	105	155	1.1	0.9	1.3
Reformed	90	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Church	1,390	630	755	6.0	5.6	6.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	535	230	305	2.3	2.0	2.6
Hindu	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	75	45	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	160	80	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	6,590	3,580	3,015	28.5	31.9	25.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	22,895	11,130	11,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	20,090	9,740	10,350	87.7	87.5	87.9
Movers	2,805	1,385	1,415	12.3	12.4	12.0
Non-migrants	1,430	685	745	6.2	6.2	6.3
Migrants	1,370	700	670	6.0	6.3	5.7
Internal migrants	1,345	685	660	5.9	6.2	5.6
Intraprovincial migrants	1,100	585	515	4.8	5.3	4.4
Interprovincial migrants	245	105	140	1.1	0.9	1.2
External migrants	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	21,935	10,695	11,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	13,410	6,530	6,880	61.1	61.1	61.2
Movers	8,525	4,165	4,360	38.9	38.9	38.8
Non-migrants	2,555	1,290	1,265	11.6	12.1	11.3
Migrants	5,965	2,875	3,095	27.2	26.9	27.5
Internal migrants	5,845	2,835	3,010	26.6	26.5	26.8
Intraprovincial migrants	4,985	2,425	2,555	22.7	22.7	22.7
Interprovincial migrants	860	405	460	3.9	3.8	4.1
External migrants	125	40	85	0.6	0.4	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,515	9,435	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,945	2,150	1,795	20.2	22.8	17.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,570	7,285	8,290	79.8	77.2	82.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,010	5,900	6,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,490	875	615	12.4	14.8	10.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,520	5,025	5,495	87.6	85.2	89.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,520	9,430	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,515	1,840	1,675	18.0	19.5	16.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,470	3,220	3,250	33.1	34.1	32.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,530	4,370	5,160	48.8	46.3	51.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,955	3,280	3,670	35.6	34.8	36.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,360	1,095	260	7.0	11.6	2.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	545	395	150	2.8	4.2	1.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	815	700	110	4.2	7.4	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,310	2,080	3,230	27.2	22.1	32.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	285	110	180	1.5	1.2	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,575	1,085	1,490	13.2	11.5	14.8
Bachelor's degree	1,740	685	1,055	8.9	7.3	10.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	135	50	90	0.7	0.5	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	510	235	275	2.6	2.5	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	60	15	0.4	0.6	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,005	5,900	6,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,290	740	550	10.7	12.5	9.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,780	2,040	1,735	31.5	34.6	28.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,940	3,120	3,825	57.8	52.9	62.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,065	2,395	2,675	42.2	40.6	43.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	925	740	185	7.7	12.5	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	355	255	100	3.0	4.3	1.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	575	485	85	4.8	8.2	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,985	1,605	2,380	33.2	27.2	39.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	155	50	105	1.3	0.8	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,875	720	1,150	15.6	12.2	18.8
Bachelor's degree	1,255	460	800	10.5	7.8	13.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	100	40	65	0.8	0.7	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	35	60	0.8	0.6	1.0
Master's degree	365	150	220	3.0	2.5	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	40	10	0.4	0.7	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,515	9,430	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,990	5,060	4,925	51.2	53.7	48.8
Education	575	140	430	2.9	1.5	4.3
13. Education	575	140	430	2.9	1.5	4.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	235	100	135	1.2	1.1	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	40	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	190	60	130	1.0	0.6	1.3
Humanities	390	155	230	2.0	1.6	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	90	30	55	0.5	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	90	30	60	0.5	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,010	275	735	5.2	2.9	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	330	30	295	1.7	0.3	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	125	30	95	0.6	0.3	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	155	50	100	0.8	0.5	1.0
45. Social sciences	210	90	120	1.1	1.0	1.2
Business, management and public administration	1,740	495	1,250	8.9	5.2	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	315	45	270	1.6	0.5	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,425	445	980	7.3	4.7	9.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	310	155	160	1.6	1.6	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	125	50	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	80	70	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	215	145	75	1.1	1.5	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	150	105	45	0.8	1.1	0.4
25. Library science	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,050	1,940	110	10.5	20.6	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	170	140	25	0.9	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	505	450	50	2.6	4.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	560	560	0	2.9	5.9	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	595	595	0	3.0	6.3	0.0
48. Precision production	195	180	10	1.0	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	325	180	145	1.7	1.9	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	140	45	90	0.7	0.5	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	190	130	55	1.0	1.4	0.5
Health and related fields	1,905	360	1,550	9.8	3.8	15.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	170	85	85	0.9	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,695	250	1,450	8.7	2.7	14.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	775	435	345	4.0	4.6	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	360	90	270	1.8	1.0	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
43. Security and protective services	295	230	65	1.5	2.4	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	90	80	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,005	5,895	6,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,065	2,780	2,285	42.2	47.2	37.4
Education	305	55	250	2.5	0.9	4.1
13. Education	305	55	250	2.5	0.9	4.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	185	70	115	1.5	1.2	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	25	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	160	50	110	1.3	0.8	1.8
Humanities	265	95	170	2.2	1.6	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	45	15	35	0.4	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	25	45	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	815	185	625	6.8	3.1	10.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	125	45	70	1.0	0.8	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	280	20	255	2.3	0.3	4.2
22. Legal professions and studies	100	30	80	0.8	0.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.5
42. Psychology	105	30	75	0.9	0.5	1.2
45. Social sciences	160	55	105	1.3	0.9	1.7
Business, management and public administration	1,320	350	965	11.0	5.9	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	245	35	215	2.0	0.6	3.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,075	325	750	9.0	5.5	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	190	90	95	1.6	1.5	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	30	40	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	45	35	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	160	105	55	1.3	1.8	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125	90	35	1.0	1.5	0.6
25. Library science	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,470	1,380	80	12.2	23.4	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	120	105	15	1.0	1.8	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	395	355	40	3.3	6.0	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	355	355	0	3.0	6.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	435	435	0	3.6	7.4	0.0
48. Precision production	145	130	10	1.2	2.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	250	130	120	2.1	2.2	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	30	80	0.9	0.5	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	95	40	1.2	1.6	0.7
Health and related fields	1,360	280	1,080	11.3	4.7	17.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	140	70	60	1.2	1.2	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,195	195	1,000	10.0	3.3	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	625	360	265	5.2	6.1	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	285	80	200	2.4	1.4	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
43. Security and protective services	245	190	55	2.0	3.2	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	75	70	10	0.6	1.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	12,005	5,895	6,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,065	2,780	2,285	42.2	47.2	37.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,940	3,115	3,825	57.8	52.8	62.6
Location of study inside Canada	6,635	2,950	3,685	55.3	50.0	60.3
Same as province or territory of residence	6,040	2,700	3,340	50.3	45.8	54.7
Different than province or territory of residence	595	245	345	5.0	4.2	5.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	305	165	135	2.5	2.8	2.2
Americas	110	65	45	0.9	1.1	0.7
United States of America	85	55	30	0.7	0.9	0.5
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	80	45	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Africa	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Asia	90	45	45	0.7	0.8	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Australia	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	19,520	9,430	10,085	...	...	...
In the labour force	10,975	5,660	5,310	...	...	...
Employed	9,765	5,050	4,715	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,210	610	595	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	8,545	3,770	4,775	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.2	60.0	52.7	56.2	60.0	52.7
Employment rate	50.0	53.6	46.8	50.0	53.6	46.8
Unemployment rate	11.0	10.8	11.2	11.0	10.8	11.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	19,515	9,430	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,445	3,735	4,710	43.3	39.6	46.7
Worked	11,070	5,695	5,370	56.7	60.4	53.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,095	3,455	2,645	31.2	36.6	26.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,970	2,245	2,730	25.5	23.8	27.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.8	41.2	42.0	42.8	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,970	5,660	5,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240	125	110	2.2	2.2	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,730	5,535	5,195	97.8	97.8	97.8
Employee	9,375	4,805	4,575	85.5	84.9	86.2
Permanent position	7,855	4,005	3,850	71.6	70.8	72.5
Temporary position	1,520	800	720	13.9	14.1	13.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	435	245	190	4.0	4.3	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,085	555	530	9.9	9.8	10.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,355	730	625	12.4	12.9	11.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,970	5,660	5,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240	125	110	2.2	2.2	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,730	5,535	5,195	97.8	97.8	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,360	365	1,000	12.4	6.4	18.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	705	550	155	6.4	9.7	2.9
3 Health occupations	1,030	175	855	9.4	3.1	16.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,725	785	940	15.7	13.9	17.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	205	90	115	1.9	1.6	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	3,025	1,200	1,825	27.6	21.2	34.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,005	1,860	145	18.3	32.9	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	240	200	40	2.2	3.5	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	400	295	110	3.6	5.2	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,970	5,660	5,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240	125	110	2.2	2.2	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	10,730	5,535	5,195	97.8	97.8	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	185	145	40	1.7	2.6	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	45	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
22 Utilities	170	130	45	1.5	2.3	0.8
23 Construction	855	745	110	7.8	13.2	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	570	390	175	5.2	6.9	3.3
41 Wholesale trade	175	120	60	1.6	2.1	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	1,510	715	790	13.8	12.6	14.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	260	215	50	2.4	3.8	0.9
51 Information and cultural industries	145	85	60	1.3	1.5	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	220	60	160	2.0	1.1	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	145	90	55	1.3	1.6	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	880	535	340	8.0	9.5	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	565	315	250	5.2	5.6	4.7
61 Educational services	725	185	540	6.6	3.3	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	1,720	265	1,460	15.7	4.7	27.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	125	65	65	1.1	1.1	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	755	290	460	6.9	5.1	8.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	375	190	190	3.4	3.4	3.6
91 Public administration	1,290	950	345	11.8	16.8	6.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,835	6,075	5,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,155	5,820	5,330	94.3	95.8	92.5
French	105	20	85	0.9	0.3	1.5
Non-official language	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and French	550	225	325	4.6	3.7	5.6
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,835	6,075	5,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	11,785	6,055	5,735	99.6	99.7	99.6
Official languages	11,780	6,055	5,725	99.5	99.7	99.4
English	11,630	6,010	5,615	98.3	98.9	97.5
French	150	40	110	1.3	0.7	1.9
Non-official languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	45	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	45	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,835	6,075	5,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	11,310	5,865	5,445	95.6	96.5	94.5
English	45	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
French	465	185	280	3.9	3.0	4.9
Non-official language	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,765	5,050	4,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,390	555	835	14.2	11.0	17.7
Worked outside Canada	55	45	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,200	865	340	12.3	17.1	7.2
Usual place of work	7,125	3,590	3,530	73.0	71.1	74.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,125	3,590	3,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,820	1,235	1,585	39.6	34.4	44.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,785	2,050	1,730	53.1	57.1	49.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	500	295	205	7.0	8.2	5.8
Commute to a different province or territory	25	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,325	4,455	3,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,515	4,100	3,420	90.3	92.0	88.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,910	3,830	3,080	83.0	86.0	79.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	605	270	335	7.3	6.1	8.7
Public transit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Walked	560	240	325	6.7	5.4	8.4
Bicycle	50	25	20	0.6	0.6	0.5
Other method	190	85	105	2.3	1.9	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,325	4,455	3,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,010	1,850	2,165	48.2	41.5	55.9
15 to 29 minutes	2,645	1,460	1,185	31.8	32.8	30.6
30 to 44 minutes	945	660	285	11.4	14.8	7.4
45 to 59 minutes	420	260	160	5.0	5.8	4.1
60 minutes and over	305	225	80	3.7	5.1	2.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,325	4,455	3,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	695	505	185	8.3	11.3	4.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,815	1,150	660	21.8	25.8	17.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,330	1,250	1,080	28.0	28.1	27.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,620	660	960	19.5	14.8	24.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	810	345	460	9.7	7.7	11.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,060	530	530	12.7	11.9	13.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,330	2,195	2,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	995	505	495	23.0	23.0	23.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,335	1,695	1,640	77.0	77.2	76.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,080	1,590	1,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	720	375	345	23.4	23.6	23.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	535	275	255	17.4	17.3	17.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	185	95	90	6.0	6.0	6.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,360	1,220	1,135	76.6	76.7	76.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 22, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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