Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sault Ste. MarieMore information: Ontario [Census agglomeration]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	76,731	...	...
Population, 2016¹	78,159	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	37,101	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	34,416	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	95.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	802.58	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	76,730	37,425	39,310
0 to 14 years	11,050	5,785	5,265
0 to 4 years	3,275	1,730	1,545
5 to 9 years	3,955	2,030	1,930
10 to 14 years	3,820	2,030	1,785
15 to 64 years	46,805	23,020	23,790
15 to 19 years	3,740	1,920	1,820
20 to 24 years	4,250	2,275	1,980
25 to 29 years	4,495	2,305	2,195
30 to 34 years	4,515	2,235	2,280
35 to 39 years	4,320	2,110	2,210
40 to 44 years	4,305	2,060	2,240
45 to 49 years	4,165	2,030	2,130
50 to 54 years	4,680	2,300	2,385
55 to 59 years	5,935	2,775	3,165
60 to 64 years	6,395	3,010	3,380
65 years and over	18,875	8,615	10,255
65 to 69 years	5,525	2,650	2,880
70 to 74 years	4,840	2,320	2,520
75 to 79 years	3,365	1,515	1,850
80 to 84 years	2,470	1,085	1,385
85 years and over	2,670	1,050	1,620
85 to 89 years	1,650	700	955
90 to 94 years	820	300	520
95 to 99 years	175	55	125
100 years and over	25	0	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	15.5	13.4
15 to 64 years	61.0	61.5	60.5
65 years and over	24.6	23.0	26.1
85 years and over	3.5	2.8	4.1
Average age of the population	45.3	43.9	46.5
Median age of the population	47.2	45.2	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	34,415	...	...
Single-detached house	22,990	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,825	...	...
Row house	945	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,450	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,970	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,060	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	80	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	34,415	...	...
1 person	11,465	...	...
2 persons	12,615	...	...
3 persons	4,925	...	...
4 persons	3,780	...	...
5 or more persons	1,635	...	...
Number of persons in private households	75,415	36,850	38,565
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	65,680	31,635	34,045
Married or living common-law	35,865	17,890	17,970
Married	28,560	14,255	14,310
Living common-law	7,300	3,640	3,665
Living common law - Never married	5,070	2,530	2,545
Living common law - Separated	450	230	225
Living common law - Divorced	1,535	770	770
Living common law - Widowed	245	110	135
Not married and not living common-law	29,815	13,740	16,075
Not married and not living common law - Never married	17,680	9,700	7,980
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,245	960	1,290
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,630	1,910	2,715
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,265	1,170	4,090
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	22,045	...	...
2 persons	12,865	...	...
3 persons	4,595	...	...
4 persons	3,375	...	...
5 or more persons	1,205	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	22,040	...	...
Total couple families	17,645	...	...
Married couples	13,990	...	...
With children⁶	6,045	...	...
Without children	7,950	...	...
Common-law couples	3,655	...	...
With children⁶	1,520	...	...
Without children	2,135	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,400	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,400	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,000	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	75,410	36,850	38,565
Total - Persons in census families	59,405	29,320	30,085
Married spouses or common-law partners	35,285	17,615	17,675
Parents in one-parent families	4,400	1,000	3,400
Children⁶	19,720	10,705	9,010
In a two-parent family	13,160	7,090	6,070
In a one-parent family	6,555	3,615	2,940
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,005	7,525	8,480
Living alone	11,470	5,085	6,385
Living with other relatives⁷	1,665	765	900
Living with non-relatives only	2,875	1,680	1,195
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	34,415	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,070	...	...
Couple-family households	16,515	...	...
With children⁶	7,100	...	...
Without children	9,415	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,555	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	595	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	895	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,275	...	...
One-person households	11,465	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	64,370	31,060	33,310
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,365	30,025	32,335
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,400	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,390	30,040	32,345
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	41,600	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,265	26,890	27,380
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,000	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,390	22,695	19,695
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,000	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,575	27,310	30,265
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	10,800	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,065	3,405	3,660
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,240	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,505	7,200	8,310
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	64,390	31,080	33,310
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,395	29,985	32,410
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,840	56,950	43,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,430	30,010	32,425
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,680	47,880	37,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,290	26,800	27,495
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,160	52,150	36,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,400	22,735	19,660
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,760	46,840	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,630	27,210	30,420
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,360	11,400	13,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,080	3,575	3,505
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,190	7,600	6,770
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,330	7,260	8,070
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,010	9,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	64,390	31,080	33,310
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,620	10,090	8,535
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	76,000	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,000	78,600	61,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,965	7,505	8,460
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	19,600	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,380	29,560	21,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.0	81.8	71.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.3	62.4	53.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.9	18.2	28.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.6	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.3	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.8	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	64,370	31,065	33,305
Without total income	2,010	1,035	975
With total income	62,360	30,030	32,330
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,140	1,700	2,445
$10,000 to $19,999	7,880	2,910	4,970
$20,000 to $29,999	9,595	3,725	5,865
$30,000 to $39,999	8,945	4,195	4,745
$40,000 to $49,999	7,760	3,675	4,080
$50,000 to $59,999	5,745	2,705	3,040
$60,000 to $69,999	4,350	2,255	2,095
$70,000 to $79,999	3,415	1,920	1,495
$80,000 to $89,999	2,905	1,855	1,055
$90,000 to $99,999	2,370	1,515	855
$100,000 and over	5,255	3,565	1,685
$100,000 to $149,999	4,095	2,735	1,355
$150,000 and over	1,155	830	330
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	64,370	31,065	33,305
Without after-tax income	1,985	1,025	960
With after-tax income	62,385	30,040	32,345
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,360	1,740	2,620
$10,000 to $19,999	8,145	3,035	5,110
$20,000 to $29,999	10,975	4,300	6,675
$30,000 to $39,999	10,620	5,120	5,495
$40,000 to $49,999	8,405	4,035	4,365
$50,000 to $59,999	5,975	3,065	2,910
$60,000 to $69,999	4,630	2,695	1,930
$70,000 to $79,999	3,580	2,330	1,255
$80,000 to $89,999	2,400	1,455	950
$90,000 to $99,999	1,210	800	405
$100,000 and over	2,095	1,455	635
$100,000 to $124,999	1,235	850	380
$125,000 and over	860	610	255
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	64,370	31,065	33,305
Without employment income	21,980	8,370	13,610
With employment income	42,390	22,700	19,695
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,340	5,150	3,190
$5,000 to $9,999	3,190	1,390	1,800
$10,000 to $19,999	4,860	2,125	2,730
$20,000 to $29,999	3,710	1,700	2,010
$30,000 to $39,999	3,600	1,590	2,010
$40,000 to $49,999	3,510	1,480	2,030
$50,000 to $59,999	2,880	1,355	1,525
$60,000 to $69,999	2,470	1,350	1,115
$70,000 to $79,999	2,025	1,210	810
$80,000 to $89,999	2,160	1,465	690
$90,000 to $99,999	1,985	1,225	755
$100,000 and over	3,660	2,640	1,020
$100,000 to $124,999	2,270	1,600	670
$125,000 and over	1,395	1,040	350
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	64,370	31,060	33,310
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,455	29,525	31,930
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,600	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,485	29,525	31,960
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,800	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,000	26,710	27,285
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	41,200	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,830	22,820	20,010
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,280	26,225	29,055
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	5,840	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,020	2,995	3,020
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,550	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	64,390	31,080	33,310
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,515	29,435	32,080
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,480	55,450	40,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,540	29,435	32,105
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,560	46,400	35,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,040	26,585	27,450
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360	53,000	36,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,795	22,790	20,005
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	48,600	37,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,285	26,085	29,195
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,440	8,540	10,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,870	3,085	2,785
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,420	7,600	7,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	64,390	31,080	33,310
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,400	9,925	8,480
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	75,000	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,000	78,100	58,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,135	7,120	8,015
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	25,400	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,360	35,480	25,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)	63.9	67.8	58.8
Government transfers (%)	17.9	13.6	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	34,415	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,465	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	22,945	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	34,420	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,465	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	22,960	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	34,415	...	...
Under $5,000	240	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	895	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,560	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,325	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,440	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,525	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,515	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,850	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,555	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,335	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,095	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,845	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,885	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,850	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,815	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,170	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,045	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	34,415	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	605	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	925	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,715	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,745	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,560	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,730	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,705	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,640	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,250	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,005	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,250	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,945	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,245	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,955	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,405	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,890	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	22,045	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,530	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,670	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,180	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,340	6,760	7,580
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	38,000	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,800	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	22,055	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,505	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,720	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,165	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,305	6,755	7,545
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,240	47,120	41,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,560	40,480	36,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	75,415	36,850	38,565
0 to 17 years	13,245	6,915	6,335
0 to 5 years	4,025	2,145	1,875
18 to 64 years	44,265	21,640	22,630
65 years and over	17,905	8,300	9,605
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,770	3,845	4,920
0 to 17 years	1,760	915	845
0 to 5 years	605	290	310
18 to 64 years	4,910	2,295	2,615
65 years and over	2,095	640	1,460
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	10.4	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	13.3	13.2	13.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.1	13.7	16.6
18 to 64 years (%)	11.1	10.6	11.6
65 years and over (%)	11.7	7.7	15.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	74,345	36,335	38,005
0 to 17 years	12,975	6,780	6,195
0 to 5 years	3,940	2,100	1,840
18 to 64 years	43,610	21,330	22,285
65 years and over	17,755	8,230	9,525
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,275	1,655	1,615
0 to 17 years	390	205	180
0 to 5 years	120	65	55
18 to 64 years	2,635	1,375	1,260
65 years and over	250	75	175
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.6	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	3.1	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.0	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	6.5	5.7
65 years and over (%)	1.4	0.9	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	75,415	36,850	38,565
In bottom half of the distribution	39,075	18,395	20,680
In bottom decile	7,820	3,655	4,160
In second decile	8,310	3,595	4,715
In third decile	8,000	3,835	4,165
In fourth decile	7,515	3,660	3,855
In fifth decile	7,430	3,650	3,775
In top half of the distribution	36,345	18,455	17,885
In sixth decile	7,465	3,705	3,760
In seventh decile	7,835	3,925	3,910
In eighth decile	7,905	4,060	3,845
In ninth decile	7,615	3,910	3,705
In top decile	5,525	2,860	2,665
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	75,410	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.310	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	75,915	37,030	38,890
English only	68,695	33,970	34,725
French only	35	15	20
English and French	6,890	2,925	3,965
Neither English nor French	295	120	180
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	75,915	37,030	38,890
English	73,515	35,950	37,565
French	1,995	905	1,085
English and French	145	70	80
Neither English nor French	260	95	160
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	75,915	37,030	38,890
Single responses	74,435	36,315	38,120
Official languages	68,540	33,450	35,090
English	66,355	32,455	33,895
French	2,185	990	1,190
Non-official languages	5,900	2,865	3,030
Indigenous languages³⁹	90	30	60
Algonquian languages	85	30	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	15	5	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	5
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	70	25	45
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	70	20	45
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	55	15	40
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,805	2,840	2,970
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	105	55
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	105	55
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	145	95	50
Aramaic languages	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	40	80
Bikol	5	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	30	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	180	110	75
Kannada	10	5	0
Malayalam	110	60	50
Tamil	45	25	15
Telugu	25	15	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,530	2,225	2,310
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	480	220	260
Baltic languages	25	10	20
Latvian	10	0	10
Lithuanian	15	5	10
Slavic languages	455	215	240
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	10
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	185	80	105
Russian	20	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	95	50	50
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	80	40	40
Serbian	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10
Ukrainian	100	50	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	480	210	270
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	360	155	210
German	345	150	195
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	45	40
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	70	40	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	25
Danish	15	5	10
Icelandic	5	0	5
Norwegian	5	0	5
Swedish	10	5	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	610	335	275
Indo-Aryan languages	550	305	245
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	50	25	20
Gujarati	100	55	45
Hindi	125	75	45
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	20	5	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	115	95
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	10	0
Urdu	35	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	30	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	40	20	20
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,925	1,435	1,490
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	2,515	1,220	1,295
Portuguese	155	80	80
Romanian	15	10	10
Spanish	235	125	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Korean	35	15	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	15
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	5	10
American Sign Language	10	5	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	80	95
Chinese languages	175	80	100
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	120	60	60
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	15	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	490	215	270
Estonian	50	20	25
Finnish	405	180	220
Hungarian	40	20	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,485	715	765
English and French	605	295	310
English and non-official language(s)	790	370	415
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	75,915	37,030	38,890
English	69,675	34,180	35,495
French	300	135	165
Non-official language	1,015	475	540
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	1,005	470	535
English and French	1,270	515	755
English and non-official language(s)	3,445	1,625	1,820
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	60	80
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	35
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	75,915	37,030	38,890
Single responses	75,085	36,625	38,460
Official languages	73,130	35,705	37,430
English	72,705	35,515	37,185
French	430	185	250
Non-official languages	1,955	925	1,025
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5
Algonquian languages	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,940	920	1,020
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	80	50
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	130	80	50
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	125	70	50
Aramaic languages	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	65	25	45
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	100	60	40
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	60	35	25
Tamil	25	10	10
Telugu	15	10	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,360	615	750
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	35	45
Baltic languages	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5
Slavic languages	80	35	40
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	30	15	15
Russian	5	5	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	20	5	15
Serbian	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	20	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	35	15	25
German	35	15	25
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	400	215	185
Indo-Aryan languages	360	195	165
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	15	10
Gujarati	70	35	40
Hindi	70	40	30
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160	90	65
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0
Urdu	25	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	15	15
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	835	345	490
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	640	245	400
Portuguese	60	25	35
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	130	70	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	20	10	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15
American Sign Language	30	15	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	50	45
Chinese languages	90	50	45
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	40	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	90	35	50
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	80	35	40
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	830	405	430
English and French	235	110	120
English and non-official language(s)	570	285	290
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	75,915	37,030	38,890
None	71,705	35,130	36,570
English	905	425	475
French	945	380	565
Non-official language	2,030	945	1,085
Indigenous³⁹	160	65	100
Non-Indigenous	1,870	885	990
English and French	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	85	40	50
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	160	75	85
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	75,425	36,855	38,570
Official languages	75,105	36,725	38,380
English	75,055	36,700	38,350
French	6,905	2,905	3,995
Non-official languages	8,470	4,170	4,300
Indigenous languages³⁹	435	160	270
Algonquian languages	420	150	265
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	405	140	265
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	400	135	265
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	40	10	35
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	355	130	225
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,065	4,015	4,045
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	140	65
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	200	140	55
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	190	135	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	160	55	105
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	50	90
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	10
Haitian Creole	15	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	225	150	70
Kannada	20	15	0
Malayalam	90	60	25
Tamil	90	55	35
Telugu	75	45	35
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,255	3,105	3,145
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	590	300	290
Baltic languages	30	0	25
Latvian	15	0	15
Lithuanian	15	0	15
Slavic languages	560	290	260
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	20	15	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	220	90	130
Russian	55	25	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	115	70	45
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	105	65	40
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	15
Ukrainian	145	85	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	670	285	380
Frisian	10	0	0
High German languages	520	230	290
German	510	230	285
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	0	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	40	55
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	90	40	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	55	10	40
Danish	20	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	25	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	35	15	20
Indo-Iranian languages	960	600	360
Indo-Aryan languages	845	535	315
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	65	35	25
Gujarati	95	60	25
Hindi	505	310	195
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	0
Nepali	30	0	25
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	365	240	125
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	0
Urdu	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10
Iranian languages	120	70	50
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	65	45	25
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	25	25
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	50	25	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,050	1,945	2,100
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	3,350	1,585	1,760
Portuguese	125	60	70
Romanian	35	25	10
Spanish	620	300	320
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	60	25	35
Korean	85	40	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	150	95	55
Akan (Twi)	35	20	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	75	35	40
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	20	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	135	55	80
American Sign Language	115	50	65
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	380	215	165
Chinese languages	375	210	165
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	215	120	95
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	90	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	585	260	330
Estonian	60	25	30
Finnish	475	200	270
Hungarian	60	25	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	75,425	36,855	38,570
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,860	4,740	5,120
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,560	4,625	4,940
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,940	2,805	3,140
Métis	3,570	1,790	1,785
Inuk (Inuit)	50	30	20
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	115	55	60
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	180	65	125
Non-Indigenous identity	65,560	32,115	33,445
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	75,425	36,855	38,570
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,690	2,155	2,530
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	70,735	34,700	36,035
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	34,420	...	...
Owner	23,825	...	...
Renter	10,430	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	165	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	34,420	...	...
Condominium	880	...	...
Not condominium	33,535	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	34,420	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...
1 bedroom	4,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,110	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,975	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,155	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	34,420	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,680	...	...
5 rooms	5,270	...	...
6 rooms	5,345	...	...
7 rooms	4,775	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,345	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	34,420	...	...
One person or fewer per room	34,270	...	...
More than one person per room	155	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	34,420	...	...
Suitable	33,465	...	...
Not suitable	950	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	34,420	...	...
1960 or before	11,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,865	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,715	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,460	...	...
2001 to 2005	735	...	...
2006 to 2010	905	...	...
2011 to 2015	680	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	565	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	34,420	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	31,920	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,500	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	34,420	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,425	...	...
Two-maintainer household	14,025	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	965	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	34,420	...	...
15 to 24 years	950	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,155	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,790	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,155	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,240	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,570	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,930	...	...
85 years and over	1,630	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	33,840	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,505	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,335	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	34,420	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,970	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,660	...	...
Not suitable only	695	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,840	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	520	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...
Acceptable housing	26,450	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	33,560	...	...
In core need	2,285	...	...
Not in core need	31,280	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,535	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,082	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	286,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,400	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	909	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	165	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	580	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	530	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	75,420	36,855	38,565
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,185	2,000	2,185
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,080	1,965	2,115
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,365	1,565	1,795
Métis single ancestry	690	380	310
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	105	30	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	30	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	0	15
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,815	3,270	3,550
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,680	3,170	3,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,485	2,150	2,340
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,175	1,000	1,170
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	140	100	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	95	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	64,415	31,590	32,830
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	75,420	36,855	38,565
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	73,295	35,715	37,575
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,940	6,745	6,200
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	60,350	28,975	31,375
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,130	1,135	990
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	75,420	36,855	38,565
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	68,400	33,355	35,050
Immigrants⁸¹	6,095	2,900	3,200
Before 1980	4,005	1,870	2,135
1980 to 1990	325	145	180
1991 to 2000	325	140	190
2001 to 2010	520	280	235
2011 to 2021⁸²	920	465	460
2011 to 2015	330	165	160
2016 to 2021	590	295	295
Non-permanent residents⁸³	930	605	320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,095	2,900	3,195
Under 5 years	955	495	460
5 to 14 years	1,430	720	715
15 to 24 years	1,635	795	840
25 to 44 years	1,820	790	1,035
45 years and over	260	105	155
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,095	2,900	3,195
Americas	955	375	575
Brazil	25	15	10
Colombia	10	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	20	0
Mexico	30	15	20
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15
United States of America	610	195	415
Other places of birth in Americas	225	120	105
Europe	3,970	1,910	2,060
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0
Croatia	65	40	25
France	50	15	35
Germany	355	160	195
Greece	20	10	10
Hungary	45	15	25
Italy	1,845	905	940
Netherlands	75	35	45
Poland	100	35	70
Portugal	75	30	40
Romania	55	35	15
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	30	15	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	745	370	375
Other places of birth in Europe	495	240	255
Africa	215	130	90
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	45	30	15
Somalia	20	0	15
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	130	75	50
Asia	945	470	470
Afghanistan	10	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	115	85	30
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	170	85	90
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	45	15	35
Taiwan	15	0	10
Philippines	65	15	50
Viet Nam	15	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	300	160	140
Pakistan	25	15	15
Sri Lanka	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	40	45
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	590	295	295
Americas	130	55	75
Brazil	15	10	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	15	10	10
United States of America	50	0	45
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	25	20
Europe	45	25	20
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	20	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	110	50	60
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	40	20	20
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	35
Asia	310	165	140
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	110	50	60
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	115	80	30
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	75,425	36,855	38,570
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,580	3,795	3,790
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,345	5,525	5,815
Third generation or more¹⁰²	56,500	27,535	28,965
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,090	1,025	1,065
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	860	455	405
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	365	280	85
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	495	175	320
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	905	365	540
Refugees¹⁰⁸	305	195	110
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	15	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,090	1,025	1,065
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	30	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	300	170	130
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80	20	60
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	145	80	60
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	10	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,495	715	780
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	75,425	36,855	38,570
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,230	1,815	1,415
South Asian	1,135	715	420
Chinese	455	235	220
Black	640	350	290
Filipino	185	70	115
Arab	140	90	50
Latin American	220	140	80
Southeast Asian	70	30	35
West Asian	55	35	30
Korean	105	35	70
Japanese	50	25	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	90	55	35
Multiple visible minorities	85	35	40
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	72,190	35,040	37,155
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	75,420	36,855	38,570
Canadian	9,985	4,885	5,100
English	19,110	9,220	9,895
Irish	16,150	7,495	8,650
Scottish	16,020	7,700	8,315
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,880	6,955	7,920
German	7,255	3,510	3,745
Chinese	455	240	210
Italian	14,945	7,525	7,415
Indian (India)	830	545	285
Ukrainian	3,590	1,695	1,890
Dutch	1,725	880	845
Polish	2,755	1,375	1,380
Québécois	145	65	80
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,225	1,040	1,185
Filipino	195	70	125
French Canadian	1,680	820	860
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,395	725	670
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,625	1,740	1,885
Métis	3,085	1,515	1,570
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	925	455	470
Russian	480	215	265
Norwegian	680	340	340
Welsh	1,270	580	690
Portuguese	350	180	170
American	930	445	485
Spanish	265	120	145
Swedish	1,140	545	600
Hungarian	400	185	215
Acadian	80	30	55
Pakistani	70	40	30
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	145	70	75
Jewish	140	70	65
Punjabi	45	30	15
Vietnamese	30	10	25
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	15	25
Greek	220	100	125
Jamaican	160	85	75
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	55	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	385	155	230
Korean	120	40	80
Romanian	270	145	120
Lebanese	80	35	45
Iranian	35	20	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	160	70	95
Danish	455	220	235
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,435	695	740
Sikh	20	10	15
Austrian	525	280	245
Belgian	230	115	110
Haitian	20	0	10
Hindu	100	55	45
Mexican	105	55	55
Mennonite	30	15	10
Swiss	150	65	85
Finnish	3,675	1,775	1,905
Sri Lankan	15	10	0
Croatian	875	460	415
Japanese	55	25	35
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	0	10
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	140	70	70
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	205	115	90
Muslim	30	15	15
Egyptian	40	20	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	0	15
Tamil	25	15	0
Icelandic	125	70	55
Colombian	45	25	15
Moroccan	10	0	0
Czech	190	95	95
Syrian	150	90	55
Guyanese	40	25	15
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	30	20
Serbian	70	45	25
Ojibway	1,995	945	1,045
Newfoundlander	100	40	60
Hong Konger	10	0	0
Ontarian	430	225	205
Persian	35	20	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	15
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	30	35
Bangladeshi	20	10	10
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	15	10
Nigerian	15	0	10
Armenian	15	0	10
Slovak	220	90	125
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	90	40	50
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	0	10
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	30	15	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	10	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	10
Algonquin	135	50	90
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10
Lithuanian	310	200	110
South African	0	0	0
Australian	25	20	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	45	10	35
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	60	40	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	120	50	65
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	15	30
New Brunswicker	30	15	15
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	25	15	15
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	75	40	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	125	45	75
Bulgarian	10	0	0
Albertan	10	0	10
Ghanaian	30	20	10
Barbadian	25	10	15
African American	115	70	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	125	50	70
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	30	10
Cuban	25	15	10
Bosnian	10	0	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	65	40	25
Bengali	10	0	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	45	30	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	30	10
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	50	35	20
Franco Ontarian	100	40	55
Argentinian	35	20	15
Estonian	260	135	125
Kurdish	35	25	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	30	30
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	25	0	20
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	40	20	20
Byelorussian	20	0	20
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	15	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	15	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	75	35	45
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	260	130	130
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	20	10	10
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	15	10	10
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0
Rwandan	10	10	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	10	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	45	15	30
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	15	10	0
United Empire Loyalist	25	10	20
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	30	10	25
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	15	10	10
Uruguayan	15	0	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	10	10	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	75,425	36,855	38,565
Buddhist	110	45	70
Christian	44,140	20,365	23,775
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,865	1,850	2,015
Anabaptist	15	0	10
Anglican	3,595	1,565	2,035
Baptist	1,145	510	635
Catholic	24,545	11,615	12,930
Christian Orthodox	140	60	85
Jehovah's Witness	560	235	320
Latter Day Saints	200	80	120
Lutheran	1,250	615	630
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	225	90	135
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	585	230	350
Presbyterian	905	415	490
Reformed	20	15	0
United Church	4,615	1,975	2,640
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,480	1,105	1,380
Hindu	510	335	175
Jewish	45	20	25
Muslim	310	190	130
Sikh	270	180	90
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	390	160	235
Other religions and spiritual traditions	465	215	255
No religion and secular perspectives	29,165	15,345	13,820
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	74,790	36,565	38,225
Non-movers	66,760	32,530	34,230
Movers	8,030	4,035	3,990
Non-migrants	5,800	2,910	2,890
Migrants	2,230	1,125	1,105
Internal migrants	1,845	920	930
Intraprovincial migrants	1,570	780	790
Interprovincial migrants	280	140	140
External migrants	380	205	180
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	72,155	35,175	36,980
Non-movers	48,165	23,330	24,835
Movers	23,990	11,845	12,145
Non-migrants	15,395	7,440	7,945
Migrants	8,595	4,405	4,190
Internal migrants	7,140	3,520	3,620
Intraprovincial migrants	6,285	3,090	3,195
Interprovincial migrants	855	430	425
External migrants	1,455	885	570
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,390	31,080	33,310
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,465	5,770	5,690
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,930	25,310	27,615
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,495	18,580	19,920
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,680	1,940	1,740
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	34,810	16,635	18,175
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,390	31,080	33,305
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,215	4,945	5,270
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,645	9,380	10,265
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,525	16,750	17,775
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,030	11,340	10,690
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,525	3,585	940
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,020	1,385	635
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,505	2,195	305
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,435	7,300	9,140
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,070	460	610
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,500	5,410	7,085
Bachelor's degree	9,205	3,825	5,390
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	920	395	535
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	350	230	120
Master's degree	1,695	785	910
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	320	190	130
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,495	18,575	19,920
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,210	1,720	1,490
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,655	5,465	5,185
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,630	11,390	13,240
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,270	7,550	7,725
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,555	1,985	565
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,165	790	380
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,385	1,195	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,005	5,260	6,745
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	715	305	415
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,360	3,845	5,520
Bachelor's degree	6,875	2,725	4,155
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	655	260	395
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	275	160	115
Master's degree	1,295	560	735
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	260	135	120
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	64,390	31,080	33,310
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,860	14,325	15,535
Education	2,310	640	1,670
13. Education	2,310	640	1,670
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	825	395	425
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	60	0
50. Visual and performing arts	750	335	420
Humanities	1,255	480	775
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	25	70
23. English language and literature/letters	335	70	265
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	315	100	215
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	25	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	90	25
54. History	220	125	95
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	15	60
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,880	1,090	2,785
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	100	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	935	55	880
22. Legal professions and studies	465	145	310
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	10	70
42. Psychology	1,020	205	815
45. Social sciences	1,135	570	565
Business, management and public administration	5,830	1,845	3,985
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	890	140	750
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,935	1,705	3,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,000	485	510
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	565	275	290
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	80	90
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	30
40. Physical sciences	185	115	70
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,180	770	405
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	925	645	280
25. Library science	65	0	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	90	60
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	35	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,705	7,365	340
04. Architecture and related services	110	75	30
14. Engineering	740	685	55
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,140	1,980	160
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,640	1,610	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,985	1,940	45
48. Precision production	1,095	1,080	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,095	805	290
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	275	140	135
03. Natural resources and conservation	820	665	155
Health and related fields	6,465	1,190	5,275
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	265	185
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,890	850	5,040
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	70	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,990	1,680	1,305
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,265	330	930
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,200	855	345
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	485	20
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	38,495	18,575	19,920
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,865	7,185	6,680
Education	1,445	375	1,070
13. Education	1,445	375	1,070
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	625	270	350
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	10
50. Visual and performing arts	590	245	345
Humanities	815	290	525
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	0	55
23. English language and literature/letters	230	60	170
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	200	55	140
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	60	20
54. History	140	75	65
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	15	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,920	745	2,175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195	85	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	710	45	665
22. Legal professions and studies	340	90	250
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	10	50
42. Psychology	750	130	620
45. Social sciences	835	380	460
Business, management and public administration	4,450	1,380	3,075
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	740	110	625
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,710	1,265	2,440
Physical and life sciences and technologies	730	320	410
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	430	190	245
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	50	85
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	25
40. Physical sciences	125	80	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	880	605	270
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	730	535	195
25. Library science	35	0	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	45	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,980	4,710	270
04. Architecture and related services	95	65	30
14. Engineering	530	480	55
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,470	1,360	110
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,070	1,050	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,180	1,145	35
48. Precision production	630	615	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	800	545	255
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	225	105	120
03. Natural resources and conservation	580	440	140
Health and related fields	4,690	920	3,770
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	340	200	135
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,265	665	3,600
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	45	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,295	1,230	1,060
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	960	210	745
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	970	670	300
49. Transportation and materials moving	350	340	10
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	38,495	18,575	19,920
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,865	7,185	6,680
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	24,630	11,395	13,240
Location of study inside Canada	22,020	10,090	11,930
Same as province or territory of residence	21,125	9,700	11,425
Different than province or territory of residence	895	390	510
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,605	1,305	1,305
Americas	1,795	855	940
United States of America	1,685	800	885
Mexico	15	0	10
Cuba	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	15	0	15
Colombia	15	10	10
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	50	25	15
Europe	195	140	60
Belgium	0	0	0
France	10	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	15	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	85	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10
Africa	60	35	25
Nigeria	15	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	25	15	0
Asia	530	260	275
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	40	15	30
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15
Philippines	95	30	65
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	335	190	145
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0
Oceania	30	15	10
Australia	30	15	10
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	64,390	31,080	33,305
In the labour force	35,455	18,130	17,325
Employed	30,895	15,845	15,050
Unemployed	4,555	2,285	2,270
Not in the labour force	28,935	12,950	15,985
Participation rate	55.1	58.3	52.0
Employment rate	48.0	51.0	45.2
Unemployment rate	12.8	12.6	13.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	64,390	31,080	33,310
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,435	12,700	15,735
Worked	35,955	18,380	17,575
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,130	10,385	8,745
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	16,830	7,995	8,830
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.6	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	35,450	18,130	17,320
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	895	475	415
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	34,560	17,655	16,905
Employee	31,680	16,040	15,640
Permanent position	26,720	13,520	13,205
Temporary position	4,955	2,520	2,435
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,430	645	780
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,535	1,875	1,660
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,880	1,615	1,260
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	35,450	18,130	17,320
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	895	475	415
All occupations¹⁹¹	34,560	17,655	16,905
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	205	140	65
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,700	1,330	3,370
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,960	1,605	360
3 Health occupations	3,790	620	3,170
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,040	1,690	3,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	695	290	405
6 Sales and service occupations	9,475	4,030	5,450
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,285	5,835	450
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	595	490	100
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,820	1,630	190
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	35,450	18,130	17,320
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	895	475	415
All industries¹⁹¹	34,560	17,655	16,905
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	405	260	140
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	295	285	15
22 Utilities	320	245	75
23 Construction	2,385	2,150	240
31-33 Manufacturing	3,545	3,115	435
41 Wholesale trade	585	460	125
44-45 Retail trade	4,800	2,330	2,465
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,215	885	335
51 Information and cultural industries	345	210	130
52 Finance and insurance	885	275	610
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	465	240	220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,400	735	665
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,450	970	475
61 Educational services	2,965	965	2,000
62 Health care and social assistance	6,240	1,080	5,165
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,110	510	600
72 Accommodation and food services	2,375	920	1,455
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,455	740	720
91 Public administration	2,290	1,285	1,005
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	38,670	19,795	18,875
English	37,475	19,360	18,120
French	125	20	100
Non-official language	10	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0
English and French	760	265	495
English and non-official language(s)	280	130	150
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	38,670	19,795	18,875
Single responses	38,560	19,750	18,810
Official languages	38,525	19,730	18,795
English	38,295	19,675	18,615
French	230	55	175
Non-official languages	35	20	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	20	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	105	40	65
English and French	75	20	55
English and non-official language(s)	25	20	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	38,670	19,795	18,875
None	37,705	19,415	18,290
English	120	35	90
French	585	220	365
Non-official language	230	105	120
Indigenous³⁹	65	15	45
Non-Indigenous	165	90	75
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	30,890	15,845	15,045
Worked at home	5,085	2,105	2,980
Worked outside Canada	150	85	70
No fixed workplace address	3,065	2,315	750
Usual place of work	22,595	11,345	11,250
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	22,595	11,345	11,245
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,555	10,170	10,385
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,745	980	765
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	230	155	75
Commute to a different province or territory	70	40	30
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	25,655	13,660	12,000
Car, truck or van	23,375	12,445	10,930
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,595	11,705	9,880
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,785	735	1,050
Public transit	695	310	380
Walked	1,005	535	470
Bicycle	235	190	50
Other method	355	175	175
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	25,655	13,660	12,000
Less than 15 minutes	16,060	8,155	7,905
15 to 29 minutes	7,165	3,960	3,205
30 to 44 minutes	1,610	970	640
45 to 59 minutes	360	215	140
60 minutes and over	460	355	105
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	25,655	13,660	12,000
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,960	1,595	365
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,310	2,685	1,625
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,240	3,410	2,830
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,435	2,575	3,865
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,895	1,225	1,670
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,825	2,170	1,655
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,495	7,040	6,455
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,810	915	895
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,680	6,125	5,555
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,950	5,175	4,780
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,350	680	675
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	755	375	380
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	595	300	290
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,605	4,495	4,110

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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