Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CanmoreMore information: Alberta [Census agglomeration] Remove	AlbertaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	15,990	4,262,635
Population, 2016¹	13,992	4,067,175
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	14.3	4.8
Total private dwellings²	9,173	1,772,670
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	6,804	1,633,220
Population density per square kilometre	233.5	6.7
Land area in square kilometres	68.47	634,658.27
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	15,990	4,262,635
0 to 14 years	2,055	809,640
0 to 4 years	620	250,250
5 to 9 years	720	278,810
10 to 14 years	715	280,585
15 to 64 years	11,150	2,823,770
15 to 19 years	700	249,765
20 to 24 years	800	248,740
25 to 29 years	1,140	275,465
30 to 34 years	1,330	323,260
35 to 39 years	1,330	338,945
40 to 44 years	1,200	307,665
45 to 49 years	1,140	277,770
50 to 54 years	1,100	262,770
55 to 59 years	1,215	274,150
60 to 64 years	1,200	265,240
65 years and over	2,780	629,220
65 to 69 years	1,105	217,270
70 to 74 years	755	163,890
75 to 79 years	440	105,520
80 to 84 years	245	70,160
85 years and over	230	72,375
85 to 89 years	145	44,670
90 to 94 years	60	21,430
95 to 99 years	20	5,480
100 years and over	5	795
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.9	19.0
15 to 64 years	69.7	66.2
65 years and over	17.4	14.8
85 years and over	1.4	1.7
Average age of the population	42.7	39.0
Median age of the population	42.8	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	6,805	1,633,220
Single-detached house	2,575	994,565
Semi-detached house	560	98,740
Row house	1,340	127,735
Apartment or flat in a duplex	385	43,730
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,670	247,030
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	255	74,880
Other single-attached house	5	1,215
Movable dwelling⁴	10	45,325
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	6,805	1,633,220
1 person	1,800	424,055
2 persons	2,835	551,420
3 persons	1,015	249,135
4 persons	850	243,400
5 or more persons	305	165,215
Number of persons in private households	15,525	4,177,715
Average household size	2.3	2.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	13,935	3,452,995
Married or living common-law	8,705	2,033,945
Married	6,595	1,703,285
Living common-law	2,110	330,655
Living common law - Never married	1,685	245,650
Living common law - Separated	45	12,835
Living common law - Divorced	335	65,955
Living common law - Widowed	45	6,210
Not married and not living common-law	5,230	1,419,050
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,670	969,780
Not married and not living common law - Separated	280	83,350
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	855	214,460
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	425	151,455
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,625	1,164,655
2 persons	2,835	565,900
3 persons	840	240,980
4 persons	770	238,600
5 or more persons	180	119,170
Average size of census families	2.6	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	1.9
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,625	1,164,650
Total couple families	4,215	987,465
Married couples	3,160	822,175
With children⁶	1,420	464,975
Without children	1,735	357,200
Common-law couples	1,055	165,290
With children⁶	220	60,705
Without children	835	104,580
Total one-parent families	410	177,190
in which the parent is a woman+	315	135,065
in which the parent is a man+	100	42,125
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	15,525	4,177,715
Total - Persons in census families	12,200	3,456,645
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,425	1,974,930
Parents in one-parent families	415	177,185
Children⁶	3,360	1,304,525
In a two-parent family	2,775	1,022,235
In a one-parent family	590	282,290
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,325	721,070
Living alone	1,805	424,055
Living with other relatives⁷	150	108,100
Living with non-relatives only	1,370	188,915
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	6,805	1,633,220
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,145	1,008,210
Couple-family households	3,810	876,085
With children⁶	1,510	465,405
Without children	2,295	410,680
One-parent-family households	335	132,125
Multigenerational households⁸	55	47,450
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	10,575
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	305	60,780
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	445	82,150
One-person households	1,805	424,055
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	13,485	3,375,110
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,185	3,213,495
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,195	3,215,290
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,840	2,899,265
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,540	2,426,900
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,225	2,818,115
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,450	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,235	373,185
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,480	978,925
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	13,485	3,375,130
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,200	3,212,650
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	72,800	60,850
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,200	3,214,490
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,450	50,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,825	2,900,200
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,900	57,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,540	2,426,940
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,100	56,350
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,175	2,817,280
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,120	10,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,240	371,975
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	7,090
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,555	972,130
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,470	9,170
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	13,485	3,375,130
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,320	1,120,075
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	70,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	88,700	85,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,070	993,770
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	21,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,920	34,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.4	85.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.5	70.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.6	15.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	13,485	3,375,110
Without total income	300	161,620
With total income	13,185	3,213,490
Under $10,000 (including loss)	870	271,260
$10,000 to $19,999	970	307,390
$20,000 to $29,999	1,460	483,175
$30,000 to $39,999	1,755	384,115
$40,000 to $49,999	1,480	332,120
$50,000 to $59,999	1,325	277,960
$60,000 to $69,999	980	232,840
$70,000 to $79,999	790	187,305
$80,000 to $89,999	695	146,920
$90,000 to $99,999	500	124,520
$100,000 and over	2,345	465,885
$100,000 to $149,999	1,310	291,955
$150,000 and over	1,040	173,935
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	13,485	3,375,110
Without after-tax income	290	159,820
With after-tax income	13,195	3,215,295
Under $10,000 (including loss)	955	282,760
$10,000 to $19,999	1,035	320,525
$20,000 to $29,999	1,815	545,450
$30,000 to $39,999	2,050	449,440
$40,000 to $49,999	1,760	388,170
$50,000 to $59,999	1,340	314,650
$60,000 to $69,999	1,000	240,015
$70,000 to $79,999	750	178,580
$80,000 to $89,999	555	138,170
$90,000 to $99,999	425	92,045
$100,000 and over	1,515	265,490
$100,000 to $124,999	610	121,505
$125,000 and over	905	143,985
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	13,485	3,375,110
Without employment income	2,945	948,210
With employment income	10,540	2,426,900
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,420	305,715
$5,000 to $9,999	760	186,575
$10,000 to $19,999	1,205	270,795
$20,000 to $29,999	1,085	212,530
$30,000 to $39,999	940	202,095
$40,000 to $49,999	925	193,315
$50,000 to $59,999	785	181,745
$60,000 to $69,999	625	161,830
$70,000 to $79,999	525	133,940
$80,000 to $89,999	440	110,580
$90,000 to $99,999	345	101,430
$100,000 and over	1,485	366,350
$100,000 to $124,999	600	158,925
$125,000 and over	885	207,430
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	13,485	3,375,110
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,960	3,147,180
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,965	3,148,375
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,615	2,869,935
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	43,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,485	2,438,175
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	44,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,330	2,675,790
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,050	1,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	735	245,140
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	13,485	3,375,130
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,950	3,146,890
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	72,600	60,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,950	3,147,975
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,450	49,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,605	2,871,550
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,300	60,350
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,550	2,438,445
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,150	59,450
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,340	2,676,295
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,230	6,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	770	244,330
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	7,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	13,485	3,375,130
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,270	1,111,760
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	68,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	85,200	83,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,915	941,295
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,000	30,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,600	43,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.2	90.6
Employment income (%)	65.2	75.8
Government transfers (%)	5.8	9.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	6,800	1,633,220
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000	96,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	83,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,805	424,055
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,800	48,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,200	42,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,000	1,209,165
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,000	115,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	100,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	6,805	1,633,220
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	141,200	119,700
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	113,400	98,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,800	424,120
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	62,050
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,300	51,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,005	1,209,100
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	165,000	140,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,000	115,500
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	6,800	1,633,220
Under $5,000	60	16,810
$5,000 to $9,999	30	8,310
$10,000 to $14,999	30	12,525
$15,000 to $19,999	65	17,725
$20,000 to $24,999	115	49,050
$25,000 to $29,999	160	52,025
$30,000 to $34,999	165	41,490
$35,000 to $39,999	140	48,190
$40,000 to $44,999	185	52,710
$45,000 to $49,999	195	51,200
$50,000 to $59,999	380	104,130
$60,000 to $69,999	425	106,340
$70,000 to $79,999	415	104,230
$80,000 to $89,999	405	98,820
$90,000 to $99,999	395	93,990
$100,000 and over	3,630	775,675
$100,000 to $124,999	860	204,960
$125,000 to $149,999	740	156,945
$150,000 to $199,999	860	200,675
$200,000 and over	1,170	213,100
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	6,800	1,633,220
Under $5,000	80	18,920
$5,000 to $9,999	30	8,620
$10,000 to $14,999	40	12,950
$15,000 to $19,999	60	18,925
$20,000 to $24,999	130	52,455
$25,000 to $29,999	205	58,000
$30,000 to $34,999	180	48,620
$35,000 to $39,999	195	56,195
$40,000 to $44,999	255	62,115
$45,000 to $49,999	215	60,880
$50,000 to $59,999	470	126,900
$60,000 to $69,999	515	127,780
$70,000 to $79,999	495	122,795
$80,000 to $89,999	475	117,335
$90,000 to $99,999	450	106,445
$100,000 and over	3,010	634,290
$100,000 to $124,999	960	214,810
$125,000 to $149,999	630	149,640
$150,000 and over	1,425	269,845
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,620	1,150,150
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000	115,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	99,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,500	423,245
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	103,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	89,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,645	527,475
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	141,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	120,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	395	162,425
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	72,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	66,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,170	612,970
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	43,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	39,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,585	1,149,555
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	165,200	140,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,800	115,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,465	423,255
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	156,600	128,400
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	125,400	105,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,660	528,270
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	197,800	167,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,200	136,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	380	161,495
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	85,100
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,800	74,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,170	612,950
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,000	56,550
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,900	47,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	15,525	4,177,715
0 to 17 years	2,475	953,865
0 to 5 years	770	302,980
18 to 64 years	10,525	2,638,940
65 years and over	2,520	584,915
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,010	382,820
0 to 17 years	210	107,130
0 to 5 years	70	36,250
18 to 64 years	670	213,795
65 years and over	130	61,890
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.5	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	11.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	8.1
65 years and over (%)	5.2	10.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	15,525	4,132,995
0 to 17 years	2,480	936,965
0 to 5 years	775	298,005
18 to 64 years	10,530	2,614,300
65 years and over	2,525	581,730
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	530	187,885
0 to 17 years	95	43,110
0 to 5 years	40	13,945
18 to 64 years	390	130,620
65 years and over	50	14,155
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2	4.7
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	5.0
65 years and over (%)	1.9	2.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	15,525	4,177,715
In bottom half of the distribution	5,915	1,894,410
In bottom decile	1,085	345,410
In second decile	1,110	385,215
In third decile	1,175	380,170
In fourth decile	1,265	386,560
In fifth decile	1,285	397,055
In top half of the distribution	9,610	2,283,310
In sixth decile	1,425	406,615
In seventh decile	1,595	420,810
In eighth decile	1,660	440,225
In ninth decile	1,925	470,850
In top decile	3,000	544,810
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	15,525	4,177,720
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.398	0.350
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.465	0.450
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.350	0.307
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	3.9
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	15,860	4,221,835
English only	12,895	3,894,690
French only	15	3,105
English and French	2,905	258,330
Neither English nor French	40	65,705
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	15,860	4,221,835
English	14,900	4,078,135
French	830	64,440
English and French	85	15,525
Neither English nor French	40	63,735
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	15,860	4,221,835
Single responses	15,380	4,055,375
Official languages	13,195	3,148,690
English	12,390	3,083,840
French	810	64,855
Non-official languages	2,180	906,680
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	17,200
Algonquian languages	0	15,155
Blackfoot	0	2,470
Cree-Innu languages	0	12,290
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	12,290
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	5
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	65
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	65
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	1,590
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	1,305
Cree, n.o.s.	0	9,255
Innu (Montagnais)	0	5
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	385
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	20
Ojibway languages	0	355
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	20
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	235
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	1,345
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	1,335
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	25
Dene, n.o.s.	0	1,075
Gwich'in	0	10
Slavey-Hare languages	0	150
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	105
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	30
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	35
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	20
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	5
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	145
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	25
Inuinnaqtun	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	20
Inuktitut	0	115
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	10
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	10
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	60
Salish languages	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	5
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	445
Assiniboine	0	10
Dakota	0	65
Stoney	0	360
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Tsimshian languages	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	5
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	15
Non-Indigenous languages	2,180	889,485
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	82,270
Berber languages	0	335
Kabyle	0	220
Tamazight	0	95
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Chadic languages	0	160
Hausa	0	145
Mina	0	10
Coptic	0	55
Cushitic languages	0	14,995
Bilen	0	650
Oromo	0	3,485
Somali	0	10,750
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	115
Semitic languages	35	66,720
Amharic	0	8,165
Arabic	25	46,425
Aramaic languages	0	835
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	445
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	265
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	130
Harari	0	215
Hebrew	0	885
Maltese	0	55
Tigrigna	0	10,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	25,655
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	1,775
Vietnamese	5	23,705
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	175
Austronesian languages	425	131,755
Bikol	0	535
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	2,265
Cebuano	10	5,210
Fijian	0	120
Hiligaynon	0	2,370
Ilocano	10	7,440
Indonesian	0	1,275
Kankanaey	0	370
Kinaray-a	0	165
Malagasy languages	0	50
Merina	0	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	45
Malay	0	270
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	1,275
Pangasinan	5	515
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	390	108,395
Waray-Waray	0	415
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	1,075
Creole languages	0	1,745
Haitian Creole	0	455
Jamaican English Creole	0	60
Krio	0	270
Morisyen	0	325
Sango	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	420
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	215
Dravidian languages	60	17,170
Kannada	0	585
Malayalam	55	8,785
Tamil	0	4,950
Telugu	0	2,715
Tulu	0	75
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Georgian	0	200
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,205	454,815
Albanian	0	2,345
Armenian	0	490
Balto-Slavic languages	370	70,185
Baltic languages	5	885
Latvian	5	365
Lithuanian	0	515
Slavic languages	365	69,305
Belarusian	0	65
Bulgarian	0	1,300
Czech	150	2,700
Macedonian	0	365
Polish	95	17,540
Russian	45	17,735
Rusyn	0	30
Serbo-Croatian	20	10,350
Bosnian	0	1,860
Croatian	10	4,260
Serbian	10	4,040
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	190
Slovak	35	1,865
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	555
Ukrainian	15	16,750
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Celtic languages	0	295
Irish	0	75
Scottish Gaelic	0	50
Welsh	0	145
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Germanic languages	410	93,145
Frisian	0	250
High German languages	275	60,990
German	230	59,835
Pennsylvania German	0	20
Swiss German	45	1,045
Yiddish	0	90
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	28,670
Afrikaans	25	3,150
Dutch	70	13,140
Low German, n.o.s.	0	3,060
Low Saxon	0	260
Plautdietsch	5	8,815
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	245
Scandinavian languages	30	3,155
Danish	10	1,850
Icelandic	0	95
Norwegian	5	525
Swedish	10	680
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	85
Greek	5	2,820
Indo-Iranian languages	180	197,415
Indo-Aryan languages	180	176,130
Assamese	0	85
Bengali	5	7,735
Gujarati	30	15,330
Hindi	50	18,815
Kacchi	0	1,625
Kashmiri	0	125
Konkani	0	345
Marathi	5	1,910
Nepali	10	5,900
Oriya languages	0	185
Odia	0	130
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	60
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	91,070
Rohingya	0	30
Sindhi	0	685
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	2,700
Urdu	0	28,635
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	945
Iranian languages	5	21,225
Baluchi	0	65
Kurdish	0	2,010
Parsi	0	25
Pashto	0	2,960
Persian languages	5	16,065
Dari	0	5,005
Iranian Persian	0	9,030
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	2,035
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	90
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Italic (Romance) languages	230	88,045
Catalan	10	70
Italian	25	9,505
Portuguese	20	9,910
Romanian	10	7,425
Spanish	170	61,090
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	75
Japanese	230	4,575
Korean	45	19,240
Mongolian	0	565
Niger-Congo languages	0	16,500
Akan (Twi)	0	1,660
Bamanankan	0	30
Edo	0	245
Éwé	0	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	190
Ga	0	125
Ganda	0	315
Gikuyu	0	160
Igbo	0	1,380
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	1,135
Lingala	0	205
Luba-Kasai	0	55
Mòoré	0	40
Mwani	0	200
Ndebele	0	390
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	655
Shona	0	1,105
Soninke	0	25
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	150
Swahili	0	2,455
Wojenaka	0	25
Wolof	0	265
Yoruba	0	3,205
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	2,265
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	2,450
Dinka	0	1,040
Nuer	0	625
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	650
African, n.o.s.	0	130
Sign languages	0	840
American Sign Language	0	695
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	140
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	118,025
Chinese languages	120	115,870
Hakka	0	880
Mandarin	60	54,135
Min Dong	0	55
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	2,400
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	440
Yue (Cantonese)	40	56,280
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	1,605
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	75
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	2,055
Burmese	0	415
Kuki-Chin languages	0	130
Karenic languages	0	725
S'gaw Karen	0	585
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	140
Tibetan	0	670
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	120
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	100
Tai-Kadai languages	10	3,040
Lao	0	950
Thai	10	2,010
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	85
Turkic languages	0	4,335
Azerbaijani	0	440
Kazakh	0	90
Turkish	0	3,290
Uyghur	0	130
Uzbek	0	240
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	145
Uralic languages	45	6,120
Estonian	10	165
Finnish	5	700
Hungarian	35	5,255
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	170
Multiple responses	480	166,455
English and French	145	17,600
English and non-official language(s)	265	131,195
French and non-official language(s)	10	3,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	2,425
Multiple non-official languages	40	12,105
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	15,860	4,221,835
English	12,875	3,183,975
French	310	15,490
Non-official language	470	272,985
Indigenous³⁹	0	3,700
Non-Indigenous	470	269,280
English and French	550	41,100
English and non-official language(s)	1,480	664,935
French and non-official language(s)	5	1,590
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	17,280
Multiple non-official languages	60	24,475
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	15,860	4,221,835
Single responses	15,455	4,054,960
Official languages	14,460	3,504,300
English	14,025	3,481,545
French	440	22,755
Non-official languages	995	550,665
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	7,175
Algonquian languages	0	6,355
Blackfoot	0	965
Cree-Innu languages	0	5,290
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	5,290
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	475
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	290
Cree, n.o.s.	0	4,510
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5
Mi'kmaq	0	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	95
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	5
Ojibway languages	0	90
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	60
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	25
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	685
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	680
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	10
Dene, n.o.s.	0	585
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	70
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	60
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	10
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	15
Salish languages	0	5
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	100
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	10
Stoney	0	85
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	995	543,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	52,375
Berber languages	0	165
Kabyle	0	95
Tamazight	0	55
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Chadic languages	0	105
Hausa	0	105
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	15
Cushitic languages	0	10,170
Bilen	0	490
Oromo	0	2,580
Somali	0	7,045
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Semitic languages	15	41,920
Amharic	0	5,025
Arabic	15	28,040
Aramaic languages	0	630
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	310
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	190
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	135
Harari	0	140
Hebrew	0	415
Maltese	0	10
Tigrigna	0	7,600
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	17,075
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	975
Vietnamese	0	15,945
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	155
Austronesian languages	220	82,190
Bikol	0	200
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	1,250
Cebuano	0	2,990
Fijian	0	25
Hiligaynon	0	1,290
Ilocano	0	4,450
Indonesian	0	435
Kankanaey	0	210
Kinaray-a	0	85
Malagasy languages	0	20
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	20
Malay	0	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	700
Pangasinan	0	180
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	69,570
Waray-Waray	0	205
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	500
Creole languages	0	1,010
Haitian Creole	0	295
Jamaican English Creole	0	45
Krio	0	120
Morisyen	0	235
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	205
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	110
Dravidian languages	45	11,840
Kannada	0	305
Malayalam	45	6,270
Tamil	0	3,480
Telugu	0	1,705
Tulu	0	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Georgian	0	130
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	455	265,460
Albanian	0	1,040
Armenian	0	245
Balto-Slavic languages	160	28,760
Baltic languages	0	345
Latvian	0	140
Lithuanian	0	205
Slavic languages	160	28,415
Belarusian	0	20
Bulgarian	0	595
Czech	80	765
Macedonian	0	180
Polish	25	6,810
Russian	25	10,885
Rusyn	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	4,370
Bosnian	0	750
Croatian	0	1,525
Serbian	0	2,055
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	35
Slovak	20	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	105
Ukrainian	0	4,080
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Celtic languages	0	50
Irish	0	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	20
Welsh	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Germanic languages	70	40,925
Frisian	0	40
High German languages	45	29,275
German	30	29,025
Pennsylvania German	0	5
Swiss German	15	240
Yiddish	0	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	11,310
Afrikaans	5	1,720
Dutch	10	1,520
Low German, n.o.s.	0	2,280
Low Saxon	0	135
Plautdietsch	0	5,620
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	35
Scandinavian languages	5	280
Danish	0	100
Icelandic	0	25
Norwegian	0	35
Swedish	0	130
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Greek	0	935
Indo-Iranian languages	135	146,225
Indo-Aryan languages	135	132,370
Assamese	0	40
Bengali	5	5,085
Gujarati	25	10,620
Hindi	45	12,295
Kacchi	0	830
Kashmiri	0	70
Konkani	0	130
Marathi	10	1,145
Nepali	0	4,280
Oriya languages	0	75
Odia	0	55
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	75,180
Rohingya	0	15
Sindhi	0	405
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	1,595
Urdu	5	20,080
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	520
Iranian languages	0	13,835
Baluchi	0	35
Kurdish	0	1,310
Parsi	0	15
Pashto	0	1,920
Persian languages	0	10,495
Dari	0	2,990
Iranian Persian	0	6,150
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	1,360
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Italic (Romance) languages	90	47,235
Catalan	5	45
Italian	5	2,140
Portuguese	10	4,585
Romanian	5	3,525
Spanish	65	36,925
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Japanese	145	2,195
Korean	30	14,510
Mongolian	0	360
Niger-Congo languages	0	6,470
Akan (Twi)	0	750
Bamanankan	0	15
Edo	0	40
Éwé	0	50
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	145
Ga	0	30
Ganda	0	110
Gikuyu	0	20
Igbo	0	445
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	565
Lingala	0	140
Luba-Kasai	0	20
Mòoré	0	20
Mwani	0	50
Ndebele	0	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	330
Shona	0	375
Soninke	0	15
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	55
Swahili	0	1,100
Wojenaka	0	5
Wolof	0	175
Yoruba	0	1,175
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	670
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	1,265
Dinka	0	560
Nuer	0	400
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	280
African, n.o.s.	0	20
Sign languages	0	1,325
American Sign Language	0	1,065
Quebec Sign Language	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	81,325
Chinese languages	60	79,775
Hakka	0	310
Mandarin	40	40,005
Min Dong	0	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	985
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	265
Yue (Cantonese)	20	37,205
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	965
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	1,505
Burmese	0	250
Kuki-Chin languages	0	120
Karenic languages	0	565
S'gaw Karen	0	460
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	105
Tibetan	0	510
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Tai-Kadai languages	5	1,410
Lao	0	430
Thai	5	930
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Turkic languages	0	2,685
Azerbaijani	0	235
Kazakh	0	25
Turkish	0	2,180
Uyghur	0	80
Uzbek	0	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Uralic languages	10	1,805
Estonian	0	25
Finnish	0	110
Hungarian	10	1,675
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	70
Multiple responses	410	166,875
English and French	90	8,010
English and non-official language(s)	305	152,980
French and non-official language(s)	5	770
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	1,755
Multiple non-official languages	0	3,355
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	15,860	4,221,835
None	14,010	3,610,710
English	525	224,860
French	360	30,900
Non-official language	765	279,795
Indigenous³⁹	5	10,470
Non-Indigenous	760	269,325
English and French	10	2,825
English and non-official language(s)	60	34,750
French and non-official language(s)	70	7,875
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	565
Multiple non-official languages	65	29,550
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	15,525	4,177,720
Official languages	15,480	4,113,035
English	15,460	4,109,720
French	2,915	260,415
Non-official languages	3,415	1,215,795
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	32,910
Algonquian languages	10	29,220
Blackfoot	0	6,605
Cree-Innu languages	0	22,000
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	21,980
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	15
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	190
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	150
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	4,265
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	2,155
Cree, n.o.s.	0	15,405
Innu (Montagnais)	0	20
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	50
Mi'kmaq	0	50
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	1,050
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	40
Ojibway languages	0	1,020
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	635
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	320
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	2,510
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	2,490
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	20
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	60
Dene, n.o.s.	0	1,760
Gwich'in	0	20
Slavey-Hare languages	0	395
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	285
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	125
Tahltan languages	0	20
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	15
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	80
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	170
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	10
Tlingit	0	15
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Haida	0	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	180
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	20
Inuktitut	0	160
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	40
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	40
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	20
Michif	0	235
Salish languages	0	20
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	15
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	1,155
Assiniboine	0	130
Dakota	0	200
Stoney	0	890
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	90
Tsimshian languages	0	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	30
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	105
Non-Indigenous languages	3,410	1,183,510
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	123,440
Berber languages	0	630
Kabyle	0	425
Tamazight	0	180
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	55
Chadic languages	0	845
Hausa	0	810
Mina	0	35
Coptic	0	135
Cushitic languages	0	20,915
Bilen	0	810
Oromo	0	5,390
Somali	0	14,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	170
Semitic languages	70	105,580
Amharic	0	15,775
Arabic	65	76,760
Aramaic languages	0	1,125
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	470
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	435
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	235
Harari	0	365
Hebrew	0	3,710
Maltese	0	80
Tigrigna	0	15,380
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	420
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	35,940
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	2,685
Vietnamese	0	33,020
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	390
Austronesian languages	585	181,630
Bikol	0	1,140
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	3,010
Cebuano	10	8,560
Fijian	0	330
Hiligaynon	0	3,750
Ilocano	0	13,710
Indonesian	10	2,410
Kankanaey	0	615
Kinaray-a	0	175
Malagasy languages	0	80
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	70
Malay	15	1,705
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	2,670
Pangasinan	0	1,215
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	540	172,625
Waray-Waray	0	1,015
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5,045
Creole languages	0	5,360
Haitian Creole	0	1,435
Jamaican English Creole	0	480
Krio	0	530
Morisyen	0	855
Sango	0	30
Creole, n.o.s.	0	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	1,160
Dravidian languages	60	25,790
Kannada	0	1,785
Malayalam	45	12,090
Tamil	20	10,105
Telugu	0	5,040
Tulu	0	160
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	105
Georgian	0	315
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,080	607,625
Albanian	0	3,130
Armenian	0	795
Balto-Slavic languages	365	88,305
Baltic languages	0	975
Latvian	0	330
Lithuanian	0	650
Slavic languages	360	87,775
Belarusian	0	280
Bulgarian	0	1,680
Czech	175	3,880
Macedonian	0	635
Polish	85	22,385
Russian	75	29,760
Rusyn	0	40
Serbo-Croatian	0	13,860
Bosnian	0	3,470
Croatian	0	6,945
Serbian	0	6,415
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	260
Slovak	35	2,540
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	770
Ukrainian	10	23,340
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	55
Celtic languages	0	1,175
Irish	0	535
Scottish Gaelic	0	240
Welsh	0	335
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	70
Germanic languages	685	107,065
Frisian	0	385
High German languages	525	66,405
German	480	65,370
Pennsylvania German	0	30
Swiss German	80	1,585
Yiddish	0	215
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140	38,720
Afrikaans	30	5,940
Dutch	95	17,170
Low German, n.o.s.	0	4,055
Low Saxon	0	290
Plautdietsch	0	11,395
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	370
Scandinavian languages	55	5,305
Danish	15	2,525
Icelandic	0	135
Norwegian	10	1,235
Swedish	30	1,620
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	105
Greek	10	4,645
Indo-Iranian languages	260	266,095
Indo-Aryan languages	250	242,500
Assamese	0	190
Bengali	0	10,675
Gujarati	40	24,780
Hindi	185	94,015
Kacchi	0	3,495
Kashmiri	0	335
Konkani	0	860
Marathi	25	4,030
Nepali	40	6,995
Oriya languages	0	245
Odia	0	80
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	170
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	126,385
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	1,380
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	3,960
Urdu	30	51,540
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	2,125
Iranian languages	10	27,205
Baluchi	0	95
Kurdish	0	2,510
Parsi	0	35
Pashto	0	4,550
Persian languages	10	20,940
Dari	0	7,385
Iranian Persian	10	11,130
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	2,710
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	205
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	315
Italic (Romance) languages	885	154,035
Catalan	0	155
Italian	160	19,480
Portuguese	60	14,645
Romanian	0	9,765
Spanish	730	116,070
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	455
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	300
Japanese	305	10,925
Korean	70	23,030
Mongolian	0	790
Niger-Congo languages	0	41,335
Akan (Twi)	0	3,555
Bamanankan	0	130
Edo	0	735
Éwé	0	490
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	475
Ga	0	515
Ganda	0	730
Gikuyu	0	420
Igbo	0	4,685
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	1,955
Lingala	0	1,555
Luba-Kasai	0	205
Mòoré	0	110
Mwani	0	330
Ndebele	0	950
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	1,305
Shona	0	2,160
Soninke	0	125
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	320
Swahili	0	9,495
Wojenaka	0	145
Wolof	0	730
Yoruba	0	10,490
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	6,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	3,615
Dinka	0	1,595
Nuer	0	745
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	1,285
African, n.o.s.	0	440
Sign languages	15	6,525
American Sign Language	15	5,685
Quebec Sign Language	0	30
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	970
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	144,545
Chinese languages	190	141,465
Hakka	0	1,450
Mandarin	125	82,095
Min Dong	0	55
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	4,250
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	615
Yue (Cantonese)	85	74,960
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	1,795
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	105
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	3,035
Burmese	0	895
Kuki-Chin languages	0	160
Karenic languages	0	1,095
S'gaw Karen	0	970
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	170
Tibetan	15	825
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	325
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	240
Tai-Kadai languages	10	4,335
Lao	0	1,515
Thai	0	3,030
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	220
Turkic languages	0	7,450
Azerbaijani	0	950
Kazakh	0	235
Turkish	0	5,830
Uyghur	0	205
Uzbek	0	435
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	260
Uralic languages	125	7,950
Estonian	0	245
Finnish	0	1,020
Hungarian	105	6,700
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	1,135
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	15,525	4,177,715
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	410	284,470
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	405	276,060
First Nations (North American Indian)	130	145,640
Métis	275	127,470
Inuk (Inuit)	0	2,945
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	4,785
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	3,620
Non-Indigenous identity	15,120	3,893,245
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	15,525	4,177,715
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	80	126,530
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	15,445	4,051,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	6,805	1,633,220
Owner	4,505	1,157,495
Renter	2,300	465,220
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	10,505
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	6,805	1,633,220
Condominium	2,865	294,875
Not condominium	3,940	1,338,345
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	6,805	1,633,220
No bedrooms	20	9,160
1 bedroom	650	158,300
2 bedrooms	2,280	350,400
3 bedrooms	2,355	566,750
4 or more bedrooms	1,500	548,610
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	6,805	1,633,220
1 to 4 rooms	2,315	427,120
5 rooms	1,180	258,680
6 rooms	1,010	235,145
7 rooms	905	206,130
8 or more rooms	1,395	506,150
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	6.4
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	6,805	1,633,220
One person or fewer per room	6,675	1,589,600
More than one person per room	130	43,620
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	6,805	1,633,220
Suitable	6,580	1,556,960
Not suitable	225	76,260
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	6,805	1,633,220
1960 or before	95	168,925
1961 to 1980	695	428,655
1981 to 1990	1,040	188,550
1991 to 2000	2,290	224,315
2001 to 2005	885	152,840
2006 to 2010	815	168,905
2011 to 2015	315	161,095
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	665	139,935
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	6,805	1,633,220
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,455	1,543,795
Major repairs needed	350	89,420
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	6,805	1,633,220
One-maintainer household	2,880	802,915
Two-maintainer household	3,490	745,175
Three-or-more-maintainer household	430	85,130
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	6,805	1,633,220
15 to 24 years	195	51,475
25 to 34 years	1,095	260,820
35 to 44 years	1,340	341,390
45 to 54 years	1,190	304,080
55 to 64 years	1,395	311,335
65 to 74 years	1,085	222,825
75 to 84 years	415	105,505
85 years and over	90	35,775
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,775	1,588,960
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,090	1,251,370
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,690	337,585
30% to less than 100%	1,545	306,355
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	6,805	1,633,220
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,090	463,775
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,530	304,300
Not suitable only	170	58,970
Major repairs needed only	215	61,750
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	11,080
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	120	21,460
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	5,470
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	740
Acceptable housing	4,715	1,169,450
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,635	1,557,725
In core need	290	154,230
Not in core need	6,350	1,403,495
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,500	1,131,995
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.7	64.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.0	16.0
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0	5.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	1,600
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,898	1,678
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	850,000	400,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	943,000	448,800
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,300	463,570
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.2	9.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.5	34.0
% in core housing need⁶³	5.0	20.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,760	1,280
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,770	1,332
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	10,505
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	5.5
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	302
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	350
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	15,525	4,177,715
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	65	135,650
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	65	131,200
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	25	101,455
Métis single ancestry	40	28,695
Inuit single ancestry	0	1,050
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	4,455
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	4,090
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	160
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	160
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	50
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	545	187,365
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	540	180,640
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	325	102,335
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	215	76,055
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	2,255
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	6,720
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	6,150
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	315
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	205
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	50
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,915	3,854,695
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	15,525	4,177,720
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	13,630	3,792,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,345	900,670
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	11,280	2,892,035
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,895	385,010
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	15,525	4,177,720
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	11,705	3,141,915
Immigrants⁸¹	3,265	970,970
Before 1980	645	127,275
1980 to 1990	265	91,320
1991 to 2000	350	126,605
2001 to 2010	665	239,260
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,340	386,510
2011 to 2015	570	193,335
2016 to 2021	770	193,175
Non-permanent residents⁸³	550	64,830
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,265	970,975
Under 5 years	320	85,135
5 to 14 years	400	169,075
15 to 24 years	410	175,855
25 to 44 years	1,900	450,070
45 years and over	235	90,845
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,265	970,975
Americas	430	110,855
Brazil	35	3,800
Colombia	10	10,385
El Salvador	0	6,940
Guyana	0	2,375
Haiti	0	1,370
Jamaica	10	8,695
Mexico	35	17,990
Peru	0	1,905
Trinidad and Tobago	0	3,360
United States of America	245	30,540
Other places of birth in Americas	85	23,500
Europe	1,460	180,590
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	4,335
Croatia	0	3,405
France	60	2,720
Germany	110	16,635
Greece	10	1,895
Hungary	80	3,080
Italy	30	6,990
Netherlands	60	12,730
Poland	70	15,595
Portugal	0	3,730
Romania	0	7,190
Russian Federation	15	7,470
Serbia⁸⁶	0	2,220
Ukraine	0	8,915
United Kingdom⁸⁷	665	56,675
Other places of birth in Europe	345	26,990
Africa	110	119,295
Algeria	0	1,220
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	3,215
Egypt	10	6,760
Eritrea	0	9,720
Ethiopia	0	14,420
Morocco	0	2,130
Nigeria	0	21,065
Somalia	0	8,545
South Africa, Republic of	30	8,960
Other places of birth in Africa	60	43,250
Asia	1,055	549,965
Afghanistan	0	6,585
Iran⁸⁸	0	8,865
Iraq	0	6,220
Lebanon	0	9,960
Syria⁸⁹	0	9,975
Turkey	0	2,830
China⁹⁰	70	61,390
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	18,725
Korea, South⁹²	55	16,180
Taiwan	15	3,395
Philippines	480	167,735
Viet Nam	10	27,880
Bangladesh	0	6,035
India	120	122,150
Pakistan	35	30,810
Sri Lanka	0	4,930
Other places of birth in Asia	230	46,305
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	210	10,275
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	775	193,170
Americas	75	19,300
Brazil	0	1,365
Colombia	0	1,310
Haiti	0	220
Jamaica	0	2,130
Mexico	0	4,165
United States of America	40	5,175
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	1,220
Other places of birth in Americas	30	3,715
Europe	305	15,750
France	20	405
Germany	0	750
Ireland⁹⁶	0	1,060
Italy	15	470
Russian Federation	0	1,090
Ukraine	0	2,045
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	3,800
Other places of birth in Europe	160	6,135
Africa	25	34,320
Algeria	0	155
Burundi	0	450
Cameroon	0	905
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	920
Côte d'Ivoire	0	265
Egypt	0	1,190
Eritrea	0	5,120
Ethiopia	0	3,960
Morocco	0	510
Nigeria	0	9,840
Somalia	0	1,960
South Africa, Republic of	10	1,950
Sudan⁹⁷	0	1,135
Tunisia	0	250
Other places of birth in Africa	0	5,725
Asia	270	122,360
Afghanistan	0	1,350
Bangladesh	0	1,135
China⁹⁰	0	9,495
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	730
India	50	31,815
Iran⁸⁸	0	1,420
Iraq	0	1,305
Israel	0	660
Japan	10	335
Jordan	0	455
Korea, South⁹²	0	3,425
Lebanon	0	955
Nepal	0	1,365
Pakistan	0	4,085
Philippines	165	47,605
Saudi Arabia	0	690
Sri Lanka	0	740
Syria⁸⁹	0	7,295
Turkey	0	845
United Arab Emirates	0	690
Viet Nam	0	1,760
Other places of birth in Asia	15	4,205
Oceania and other⁹³	95	1,445
Australia	95	940
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	500
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	15,525	4,177,715
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,045	1,074,140
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,890	777,505
Third generation or more¹⁰²	8,590	2,326,075
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,625	843,700
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,790	471,325
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	920	192,785
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	870	278,535
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	730	240,090
Refugees¹⁰⁸	100	123,970
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	8,315
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,625	843,700
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	29,815
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,130	126,640
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	24,340
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	190	47,540
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	3,740
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,200	611,625
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	15,525	4,177,715
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,050	1,161,420
South Asian	400	297,650
Chinese	255	164,235
Black	55	177,940
Filipino	555	216,710
Arab	60	69,505
Latin American	185	66,520
Southeast Asian	80	54,005
West Asian	10	25,075
Korean	75	24,365
Japanese	330	13,560
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	12,100
Multiple visible minorities	35	39,745
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	13,475	3,016,295
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	15,525	4,177,720
Canadian	1,710	484,655
English	4,035	766,070
Irish	2,915	561,915
Scottish	3,285	631,015
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,730	340,900
German	2,550	641,025
Chinese	270	177,990
Italian	505	98,730
Indian (India)	240	155,700
Ukrainian	1,040	343,640
Dutch	760	174,625
Polish	640	169,925
Québécois	145	5,380
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,035	124,835
Filipino	440	203,955
French Canadian	230	32,365
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	415	73,475
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	75	73,355
Métis	260	115,455
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	305	70,790
Russian	440	97,890
Norwegian	420	154,535
Welsh	460	76,810
Portuguese	55	21,415
American	335	66,100
Spanish	145	40,165
Swedish	350	92,975
Hungarian	300	51,360
Acadian	80	10,110
Pakistani	40	39,535
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35	34,225
Jewish	60	14,405
Punjabi	20	37,585
Vietnamese	20	39,395
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	23,860
Greek	70	13,980
Jamaican	20	15,620
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	60	31,255
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75	62,465
Korean	70	24,170
Romanian	65	31,530
Lebanese	15	28,480
Iranian	15	10,550
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	30	14,380
Danish	205	56,190
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	45	26,435
Sikh	0	28,860
Austrian	160	36,220
Belgian	60	21,985
Haitian	0	2,460
Hindu	35	20,535
Mexican	100	25,450
Mennonite	50	31,565
Swiss	235	22,450
Finnish	140	18,705
Sri Lankan	0	5,140
Croatian	35	13,720
Japanese	325	18,605
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	8,945
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	15	8,305
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	145	25,800
Muslim	0	12,420
Egyptian	15	9,585
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	30	12,105
Tamil	0	3,160
Icelandic	85	19,720
Colombian	30	11,115
Moroccan	15	2,620
Czech	255	19,730
Syrian	40	9,520
Guyanese	0	3,370
Afghan	0	10,380
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	6,880
Serbian	10	7,410
Ojibway	45	4,680
Newfoundlander	0	8,615
Hong Konger	35	6,715
Ontarian	55	3,155
Persian	0	4,640
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	4,595
Turkish	0	6,670
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	3,935
Bangladeshi	0	6,525
Algerian	0	1,300
Brazilian	15	5,000
Nigerian	0	14,600
Armenian	25	1,870
Slovak	95	10,525
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	7,430
Somali	0	16,310
Taiwanese	20	3,630
Iraqi	0	4,725
Salvadorean	10	7,055
African Caribbean	0	2,290
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	70	7,445
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	5,800
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	3,670
Algonquin	25	1,680
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	2,215
Lithuanian	10	5,670
South African	25	8,400
Australian	220	8,395
Palestinian	35	4,425
Chilean	95	7,350
Congolese	0	3,540
Nova Scotian	10	2,590
Ethiopian	0	13,505
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	5,735
Peruvian	10	2,670
Yoruba	0	8,895
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	4,535
Berber	0	995
Albanian	0	3,240
Maltese	10	1,535
Macedonian	0	925
Slovenian	20	3,860
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	5,220
New Brunswicker	15	1,545
Gujarati	0	4,210
Eritrean	0	11,010
African Canadian	0	2,605
Israeli	0	1,920
Mohawk	0	1,965
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	8,235
Bulgarian	0	2,490
Albertan	100	26,600
Ghanaian	0	4,015
Barbadian	0	1,725
African American	0	3,250
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	4,085
Tunisian	0	855
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	3,640
Cuban	0	2,125
Bosnian	0	4,170
Venezuelan	0	4,240
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	250
Latvian	0	2,920
Bengali	0	2,190
Cameroonian	0	2,205
Guatemalan	0	2,395
Indonesian	0	3,640
Laotian	0	2,460
Ilocano	10	6,045
Northern Irish	40	2,525
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	2,405
British Columbian	10	1,940
Ecuadorian	0	980
Franco Ontarian	10	320
Argentinian	20	2,030
Estonian	50	2,640
Kurdish	0	2,290
Fijian	0	4,155
Jatt	0	2,875
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	2,195
Coptic	0	1,285
Thai	0	3,535
Dominican	0	1,005
Nepali	0	5,140
Kabyle	0	225
Assyrian	0	690
Igbo	0	5,245
Byelorussian	0	2,310
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	4,220
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	11,115
Abenaki	0	135
Moldovan	0	2,070
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	1,360
New Zealander	70	3,175
Sudanese	0	5,225
Breton	0	320
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	1,950
Malaysian	0	2,640
Plains Cree	0	5,360
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	965
Huron (Wendat)	0	240
Saskatchewanian	30	4,150
Buddhist	0	2,200
Gaspesian	0	80
Norman	0	495
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	2,715
Ivorian	0	685
Saulteaux	0	1,990
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	550
Burundian	0	1,155
Tigrinya	0	5,075
Nicaraguan	0	1,780
Mauritian	0	985
Kenyan	10	2,710
Oji-Cree	0	135
Vincentian	0	445
Jordanian	0	1,175
Manitoban	0	1,595
Cape Bretoner	0	665
Rwandan	0	1,605
Grenadian	0	600
Malayali	10	1,705
Chaldean	0	255
Sinhalese	0	1,220
Mayan	0	1,405
Honduran	0	905
Cherokee	0	2,075
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	910
Indo-Caribbean	0	310
Flemish	0	1,530
United Empire Loyalist	45	520
Senegalese	0	380
Azerbaijani	0	975
Sicilian	0	345
Pashtun	0	1,370
Malay	35	1,785
Goan	0	565
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	865
Tibetan	0	850
Zimbabwean	0	2,825
Burmese	10	1,115
Mongolian	0	1,690
Azorean	0	230
Atikamekw	0	30
Bamileke	0	340
Indo-Guyanese	0	250
Ugandan	0	1,595
Oromo	0	3,745
Tanzanian	0	1,500
Yemeni	0	1,160
Central African	0	320
Libyan	0	1,010
Basque	0	475
Uruguayan	0	285
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	840
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	735
Igorot	0	2,535
Fulani	0	370
Woodland Cree	0	2,295
Guinean	0	370
St. Lucian	0	535
Prince Edward Islander	0	585
Maliseet	0	110
Beninese	0	320
Telugu	0	580
Roma	0	655
Costa Rican	0	595
African Nova Scotian	0	225
Malagasy	0	125
Kashmiri	0	1,195
Singaporean	0	780
Karen	0	1,120
Edo	0	1,145
Tajik	0	370
Amhara	0	1,755
Paraguayan	0	310
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	15,525	4,177,715
Buddhist	110	42,830
Christian	5,660	2,009,820
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,025	429,375
Anabaptist	30	20,035
Anglican	530	95,560
Baptist	110	44,605
Catholic	2,405	833,025
Christian Orthodox	75	63,775
Jehovah's Witness	15	18,185
Latter Day Saints	15	47,125
Lutheran	200	78,925
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	9,640
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	45	53,900
Presbyterian	105	22,850
Reformed	25	14,735
United Church	710	153,820
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	375	124,265
Hindu	155	78,520
Jewish	55	11,390
Muslim	115	202,535
Sikh	35	103,600
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	19,755
Other religions and spiritual traditions	175	33,220
No religion and secular perspectives	9,195	1,676,045
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	15,395	4,131,540
Non-movers	12,590	3,583,005
Movers	2,800	548,535
Non-migrants	1,365	367,325
Migrants	1,430	181,205
Internal migrants	1,280	152,655
Intraprovincial migrants	725	107,180
Interprovincial migrants	555	45,475
External migrants	150	28,555
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	14,910	3,930,000
Non-movers	7,105	2,314,250
Movers	7,805	1,615,755
Non-migrants	2,765	854,765
Migrants	5,040	760,990
Internal migrants	4,175	596,980
Intraprovincial migrants	2,670	431,785
Interprovincial migrants	1,505	165,195
External migrants	865	164,015
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,485	3,375,130
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,015	595,665
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,470	2,779,465
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,495	2,298,165
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	410	274,480
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,085	2,023,680
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,485	3,375,135
No certificate, diploma or degree	920	522,835
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,950	972,110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,610	1,880,185
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,860	1,014,810
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	905	295,285
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	310	87,195
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	595	208,090
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,410	612,690
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	550	106,840
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,745	865,370
Bachelor's degree	3,735	605,025
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	335	44,915
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190	23,880
Master's degree	1,215	164,245
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	275	27,315
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,495	2,298,160
No certificate, diploma or degree	340	227,880
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,845	581,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,310	1,488,465
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,925	774,420
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	755	220,930
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	280	61,815
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	475	159,110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,790	472,155
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	385	81,335
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,380	714,040
Bachelor's degree	2,930	497,885
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	260	35,125
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	130	20,045
Master's degree	895	139,935
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	165	21,050
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,485	3,375,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,880	1,494,945
Education	690	129,710
13. Education	690	129,710
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	330	49,820
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	5,805
50. Visual and performing arts	315	44,015
Humanities	470	75,030
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	7,385
23. English language and literature/letters	110	15,425
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	130	24,015
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	1,165
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	5,555
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	11,680
54. History	50	8,065
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	1,735
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,090	177,435
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	2,750
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	21,730
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	100	29,220
22. Legal professions and studies	170	31,215
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	3,045
42. Psychology	220	31,925
45. Social sciences	410	57,565
Business, management and public administration	1,960	390,110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	615
44. Public administration and social service professions	130	23,375
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,835	366,120
Physical and life sciences and technologies	615	80,425
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	210	29,505
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	18,630
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	1,115
40. Physical sciences	220	26,315
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	4,860
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	340	71,380
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	240	58,030
25. Library science	30	4,400
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	7,770
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	1,190
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,555	461,075
04. Architecture and related services	105	12,095
14. Engineering	535	114,735
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	320	106,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	50
46. Construction trades	295	95,890
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	190	82,805
48. Precision production	100	48,925
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	405	51,710
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	200	35,010
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	16,700
Health and related fields	1,655	295,415
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	365	20,505
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,230	267,750
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	475
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	6,680
Personal, protective and transportation services	500	97,660
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	335	57,430
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	365
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	705
43. Security and protective services	70	19,025
49. Transportation and materials moving	85	20,125
Other¹⁷⁹	0	420
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,495	2,298,165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,180	809,700
Education	465	92,240
13. Education	465	92,240
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	280	39,730
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	4,065
50. Visual and performing arts	265	35,665
Humanities	320	58,200
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	5,945
23. English language and literature/letters	75	12,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	19,305
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	890
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	4,385
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	8,135
54. History	40	6,205
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	1,190
Social and behavioural sciences and law	815	146,530
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	2,315
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	110	18,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	70	23,325
22. Legal professions and studies	110	25,940
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	2,545
42. Psychology	165	25,775
45. Social sciences	325	47,735
Business, management and public administration	1,580	317,125
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	450
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	18,680
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,475	297,995
Physical and life sciences and technologies	450	61,555
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	170	23,290
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	14,260
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	900
40. Physical sciences	150	19,655
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	3,445
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	270	61,125
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	210	51,435
25. Library science	10	2,945
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	5,775
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	965
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,160	362,315
04. Architecture and related services	75	9,600
14. Engineering	390	95,200
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	260	84,485
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	40
46. Construction trades	235	73,955
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	135	61,780
48. Precision production	75	37,260
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	305	40,085
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	130	26,160
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	13,925
Health and related fields	1,230	232,820
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	315	16,345
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	870	210,650
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	400
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	5,430
Personal, protective and transportation services	440	76,410
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	310	43,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	300
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	445
43. Security and protective services	55	15,885
49. Transportation and materials moving	65	16,245
Other¹⁷⁹	0	350
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,495	2,298,165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,180	809,700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,310	1,488,465
Location of study inside Canada	5,460	1,157,790
Same as province or territory of residence	2,505	886,080
Different than province or territory of residence	2,955	271,710
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,850	330,675
Americas	335	54,515
United States of America	250	34,460
Mexico	10	4,820
Cuba	0	625
Haiti	0	190
Jamaica	0	1,470
Brazil	15	2,480
Colombia	0	3,200
Peru	0	640
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	2,395
Other locations of study in Americas	45	4,235
Europe	750	54,920
Belgium	10	510
France	55	2,005
Germany	45	3,195
Netherlands	20	2,110
Switzerland	50	945
Hungary	0	645
Moldova¹⁸³	0	980
Poland	0	3,150
Romania	0	2,790
Russian Federation	15	3,450
Ukraine	0	4,305
Ireland⁹⁶	35	1,865
United Kingdom⁸⁷	345	20,280
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	730
Italy	15	660
Serbia⁸⁶	0	755
Other locations of study in Europe	130	6,550
Africa	30	26,775
Nigeria	0	7,795
Algeria	0	670
Morocco	10	1,085
Tunisia	0	505
Egypt	0	3,230
South Africa, Republic of	20	3,660
Other locations of study in Africa	0	9,830
Asia	540	188,060
Iran⁸⁸	0	3,440
Iraq	0	1,435
Israel	0	655
Lebanon	0	1,500
Syria⁸⁹	0	1,370
Turkey	0	895
China⁹⁰	0	17,320
Taiwan	15	960
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	1,245
Japan	100	1,935
Korea, South⁹²	30	6,990
Philippines	235	74,205
Viet Nam	0	1,500
Bangladesh	0	2,470
Sri Lanka	0	1,280
India	100	52,120
Pakistan	10	10,355
Other locations of study in Asia	25	8,390
Oceania	200	6,410
Australia	190	4,880
New Zealand	10	1,105
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	425
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	13,485	3,375,135
In the labour force	9,700	2,295,380
Employed	8,765	2,030,730
Unemployed	940	264,650
Not in the labour force	3,785	1,079,750
Participation rate	71.9	68.0
Employment rate	65.0	60.2
Unemployment rate	9.7	11.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	13,485	3,375,130
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,515	1,140,745
Worked	9,965	2,234,385
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,500	1,164,455
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,470	1,069,930
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.4	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,700	2,295,380
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	70,455
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,615	2,224,920
Employee	7,380	1,876,950
Permanent position	5,875	1,560,435
Temporary position	1,505	316,520
Fixed term (1 year or more)	450	97,610
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,060	218,905
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,230	347,975
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,700	2,295,380
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	70,455
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,615	2,224,920
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	155	23,120
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,515	373,795
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	760	182,880
3 Health occupations	775	182,480
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	995	246,625
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	560	51,815
6 Sales and service occupations	3,195	538,930
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,330	441,955
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	200	99,430
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	125	83,895
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,700	2,295,380
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	70,455
All industries¹⁹¹	9,615	2,224,920
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	35	63,965
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	165	112,890
22 Utilities	50	22,630
23 Construction	765	210,350
31-33 Manufacturing	275	118,890
41 Wholesale trade	90	71,580
44-45 Retail trade	1,080	253,030
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	255	128,410
51 Information and cultural industries	95	28,680
52 Finance and insurance	245	68,355
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	185	39,400
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,030	177,895
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	4,420
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	445	91,750
61 Educational services	595	149,170
62 Health care and social assistance	1,165	285,090
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	690	42,685
72 Accommodation and food services	1,560	132,930
81 Other services (except public administration)	425	104,530
91 Public administration	440	118,270
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,630	2,422,110
English	10,080	2,319,940
French	30	3,840
Non-official language	0	14,015
Indigenous³⁹	0	245
Non-Indigenous	0	13,770
English and French	365	20,015
English and non-official language(s)	130	61,830
French and non-official language(s)	0	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	1,550
Multiple non-official languages	0	885
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,630	2,422,110
Single responses	10,610	2,407,485
Official languages	10,585	2,381,515
English	10,510	2,374,615
French	75	6,900
Non-official languages	20	25,965
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	765
Algonquian languages	0	695
Blackfoot	0	60
Cree-Innu languages	0	630
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	630
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	55
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	55
Cree, n.o.s.	0	520
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	45
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	45
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	40
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	10
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	15
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	15
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	25,200
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	1,025
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	165
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	30
Somali	0	135
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	0	850
Amharic	0	100
Arabic	0	600
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	0	10
Tigrigna	0	125
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	1,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	20
Vietnamese	0	1,275
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Austronesian languages	0	1,160
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	15
Cebuano	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	70
Indonesian	0	10
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	1,065
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	90
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	40
Tamil	0	30
Telugu	0	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	12,180
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	780
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	0	780
Bulgarian	0	20
Czech	0	15
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	0	225
Russian	0	305
Serbo-Croatian	0	90
Bosnian	0	25
Croatian	0	10
Serbian	0	55
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	115
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	3,025
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	0	1,555
German	0	1,540
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	10
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	1,445
Afrikaans	0	10
Dutch	0	85
Low German, n.o.s.	0	330
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	1,025
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	15
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages	0	5,660
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5,435
Bengali	0	10
Gujarati	0	135
Hindi	0	280
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	70
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	4,630
Sindhi	0	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	285
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	0	220
Kurdish	0	0
Pashto	0	10
Persian languages	0	210
Dari	0	70
Iranian Persian	0	115
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	2,660
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	45
Portuguese	0	125
Romanian	0	75
Spanish	0	2,420
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Japanese	10	205
Korean	0	1,250
Mongolian	0	15
Niger-Congo languages	0	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	15
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	10
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	0	200
American Sign Language	0	170
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	7,340
Chinese languages	0	7,295
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	0	3,105
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	4,145
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	40
Burmese	0	10
Karenic languages	0	25
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	170
Lao	0	15
Thai	0	150
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	145
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	0	145
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	50
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	25	14,630
English and French	10	2,560
English and non-official language(s)	10	11,695
French and non-official language(s)	0	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	145
Multiple non-official languages	0	190
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,630	2,422,110
None	10,130	2,350,940
English	70	13,200
French	305	14,630
Non-official language	85	36,335
Indigenous³⁹	0	2,125
Non-Indigenous	85	34,210
English and French	0	35
English and non-official language(s)	0	1,080
French and non-official language(s)	25	1,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	15	4,760
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,765	2,030,730
Worked at home	2,380	446,315
Worked outside Canada	35	5,430
No fixed workplace address	1,050	319,675
Usual place of work	5,300	1,259,305
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,300	1,259,305
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,495	902,040
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,055	292,360
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	665	52,590
Commute to a different province or territory	85	12,315
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,345	1,578,980
Car, truck or van	4,735	1,378,685
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,395	1,287,940
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	335	90,740
Public transit	160	88,255
Walked	835	62,810
Bicycle	425	11,370
Other method	190	37,865
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,345	1,578,980
Less than 15 minutes	3,550	487,710
15 to 29 minutes	1,655	610,485
30 to 44 minutes	545	302,735
45 to 59 minutes	145	87,230
60 minutes and over	450	90,815
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,345	1,578,980
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	275	116,400
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	840	296,930
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,485	424,170
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,670	299,145
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,270	195,835
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	810	246,495
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,525	971,390
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	435	67,140
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,085	904,245
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,850	704,490
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	335	49,735
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	235	24,675
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	105	25,055
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,515	654,755

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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