Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CranbrookMore information: British Columbia [Census agglomeration]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	27,040	...	...
Population, 2016¹	26,068^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	11,976	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	11,379	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,563.87	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	27,040	13,370	13,670
0 to 14 years	4,015	2,045	1,975
0 to 4 years	1,125	580	545
5 to 9 years	1,340	690	650
10 to 14 years	1,550	775	775
15 to 64 years	16,635	8,315	8,325
15 to 19 years	1,430	720	710
20 to 24 years	1,435	765	680
25 to 29 years	1,510	785	725
30 to 34 years	1,590	815	780
35 to 39 years	1,615	825	795
40 to 44 years	1,570	775	795
45 to 49 years	1,540	740	800
50 to 54 years	1,730	825	910
55 to 59 years	2,065	1,035	1,030
60 to 64 years	2,150	1,040	1,105
65 years and over	6,390	3,010	3,375
65 to 69 years	2,075	1,010	1,065
70 to 74 years	1,650	800	845
75 to 79 years	1,175	550	625
80 to 84 years	775	360	410
85 years and over	715	290	430
85 to 89 years	455	175	280
90 to 94 years	210	90	130
95 to 99 years	45	25	25
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.3	14.4
15 to 64 years	61.5	62.2	60.9
65 years and over	23.6	22.5	24.7
85 years and over	2.6	2.2	3.1
Average age of the population	44.6	43.8	45.4
Median age of the population	46.0	44.8	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	11,380	...	...
Single-detached house	7,890	...	...
Semi-detached house	510	...	...
Row house	530	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	255	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	850	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	11,380	...	...
1 person	3,120	...	...
2 persons	4,690	...	...
3 persons	1,550	...	...
4 persons	1,295	...	...
5 or more persons	720	...	...
Number of persons in private households	26,280	13,030	13,250
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	23,020	11,325	11,700
Married or living common-law	13,875	6,920	6,955
Married	11,170	5,570	5,595
Living common-law	2,710	1,350	1,355
Living common law - Never married	1,750	895	855
Living common law - Separated	165	75	85
Living common law - Divorced	695	340	355
Living common law - Widowed	100	45	60
Not married and not living common-law	9,145	4,405	4,740
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,515	3,110	2,410
Not married and not living common law - Separated	690	325	365
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,585	655	935
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,350	320	1,035
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,930	...	...
2 persons	4,785	...	...
3 persons	1,435	...	...
4 persons	1,215	...	...
5 or more persons	495	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,930	...	...
Total couple families	6,785	...	...
Married couples	5,430	...	...
With children⁶	2,255	...	...
Without children	3,175	...	...
Common-law couples	1,355	...	...
With children⁶	465	...	...
Without children	885	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,150	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	845	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	310	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	26,280	13,030	13,250
Total - Persons in census families	21,405	10,675	10,735
Married spouses or common-law partners	13,565	6,775	6,785
Parents in one-parent families	1,150	305	840
Children⁶	6,690	3,585	3,105
In a two-parent family	4,965	2,690	2,280
In a one-parent family	1,730	900	825
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,875	2,360	2,515
Living alone	3,120	1,460	1,660
Living with other relatives⁷	495	215	280
Living with non-relatives only	1,260	680	575
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	11,380	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	7,100	...	...
Couple-family households	6,180	...	...
With children⁶	2,450	...	...
Without children	3,730	...	...
One-parent-family households	920	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	195	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	70	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	405	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	490	...	...
One-person households	3,120	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	22,275	10,990	11,285
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,685	10,730	10,955
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	52,000	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,700	10,735	10,970
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,590	9,940	9,655
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	46,400	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,230	7,955	7,275
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	49,600	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,900	8,300	9,595
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	11,000	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,040	1,045	1,000
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,855	2,180	2,680
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	22,285	10,995	11,295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,730	10,745	10,985
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,250	63,800	42,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,735	10,750	10,990
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,480	53,300	37,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,820	10,050	9,765
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,680	58,600	36,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,235	7,900	7,330
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,720	58,850	37,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,900	8,375	9,520
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,840	11,470	12,170
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,990	1,000	995
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,570	6,380	6,740
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,780	2,190	2,590
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,180	7,670	8,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	22,290	10,990	11,295
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,625	3,780	2,850
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	75,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,800	80,300	60,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,485	3,045	3,440
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	28,200	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,440	45,000	25,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	86.0	75.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2	67.8	58.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.3	14.0	24.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.2	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	2.5	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	22,275	10,990	11,285
Without total income	590	260	325
With total income	21,685	10,725	10,960
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,645	630	1,015
$10,000 to $19,999	2,440	875	1,565
$20,000 to $29,999	3,335	1,340	2,000
$30,000 to $39,999	2,930	1,215	1,715
$40,000 to $49,999	2,450	1,080	1,365
$50,000 to $59,999	2,050	985	1,060
$60,000 to $69,999	1,530	845	680
$70,000 to $79,999	1,190	760	435
$80,000 to $89,999	895	555	340
$90,000 to $99,999	735	510	230
$100,000 and over	2,480	1,930	550
$100,000 to $149,999	1,800	1,390	415
$150,000 and over	685	545	135
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	22,275	10,990	11,285
Without after-tax income	570	255	320
With after-tax income	21,700	10,735	10,965
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,740	670	1,075
$10,000 to $19,999	2,530	910	1,615
$20,000 to $29,999	3,820	1,540	2,275
$30,000 to $39,999	3,315	1,385	1,930
$40,000 to $49,999	2,745	1,275	1,465
$50,000 to $59,999	2,150	1,180	970
$60,000 to $69,999	1,530	960	570
$70,000 to $79,999	1,110	710	395
$80,000 to $89,999	965	700	270
$90,000 to $99,999	635	480	150
$100,000 and over	1,165	920	240
$100,000 to $124,999	625	500	125
$125,000 and over	540	425	120
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	22,275	10,990	11,285
Without employment income	7,045	3,040	4,010
With employment income	15,225	7,950	7,280
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,175	1,060	1,110
$5,000 to $9,999	1,090	435	655
$10,000 to $19,999	1,740	730	1,010
$20,000 to $29,999	1,495	615	880
$30,000 to $39,999	1,390	570	825
$40,000 to $49,999	1,330	595	735
$50,000 to $59,999	1,235	570	660
$60,000 to $69,999	885	515	375
$70,000 to $79,999	775	505	275
$80,000 to $89,999	645	420	220
$90,000 to $99,999	580	400	180
$100,000 and over	1,880	1,535	345
$100,000 to $124,999	1,055	830	225
$125,000 and over	825	705	125
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	22,275	10,990	11,285
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,240	10,495	10,740
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	52,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,295	10,505	10,790
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	45,600	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,475	9,845	9,630
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	48,000	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,030	8,305	7,725
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	47,600	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,775	6,425	8,350
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	10,100	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,700	840	865
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,040	5,360	4,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	22,285	10,995	11,295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,335	10,540	10,795
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,200	64,200	40,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,365	10,540	10,825
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,840	52,800	35,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,770	9,990	9,785
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,840	60,950	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,155	8,320	7,840
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	58,750	34,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,015	6,560	8,450
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,890	10,240	9,610
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,685	840	845
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,610	6,250	6,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	22,290	10,990	11,295
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,620	3,790	2,835
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	72,500	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,100	79,300	55,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,235	2,940	3,290
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	33,600	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,640	51,300	27,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	90.0	81.4
Employment income (%)	68.4	72.2	62.5
Government transfers (%)	13.3	9.9	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	11,380	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,120	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	8,255	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	11,385	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,110	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	8,270	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	11,380	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	205	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	470	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	355	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	440	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	495	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	855	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	815	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	745	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	715	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	655	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,380	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,065	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,230	...	...
$200,000 and over	950	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	11,380	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	210	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	490	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	430	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	435	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	495	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	550	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	995	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	855	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	895	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	810	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,745	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,515	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	915	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,315	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,885	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,850	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,745	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,090	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,380	2,140	2,235
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	42,000	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	38,000	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,895	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,825	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,760	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,065	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,405	2,195	2,215
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	55,150	40,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,640	46,600	36,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	26,280	13,030	13,250
0 to 17 years	4,875	2,485	2,395
0 to 5 years	1,385	710	675
18 to 64 years	15,430	7,670	7,760
65 years and over	5,970	2,880	3,100
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,225	960	1,265
0 to 17 years	425	195	220
0 to 5 years	130	60	70
18 to 64 years	1,070	495	580
65 years and over	725	270	460
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.5	7.4	9.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.0	9.3
0 to 5 years (%)	9.2	8.4	10.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.4	7.4
65 years and over (%)	12.2	9.4	14.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	26,275	13,025	13,250
0 to 17 years	4,870	2,480	2,390
0 to 5 years	1,385	710	675
18 to 64 years	15,425	7,670	7,755
65 years and over	5,975	2,875	3,095
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	575	285	285
0 to 17 years	115	50	65
0 to 5 years	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	390	205	185
65 years and over	65	30	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.2	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.1	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	2.5	2.7	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.1	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	26,280	13,030	13,250
In bottom half of the distribution	12,280	5,785	6,500
In bottom decile	2,145	930	1,210
In second decile	2,330	1,085	1,250
In third decile	2,705	1,285	1,425
In fourth decile	2,525	1,195	1,330
In fifth decile	2,575	1,285	1,285
In top half of the distribution	14,000	7,250	6,755
In sixth decile	2,810	1,415	1,395
In seventh decile	2,765	1,425	1,340
In eighth decile	2,795	1,455	1,335
In ninth decile	3,210	1,675	1,540
In top decile	2,420	1,280	1,140
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	26,280	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.408	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	26,510	13,160	13,355
English only	25,250	12,600	12,650
French only	5	0	5
English and French	1,210	535	675
Neither English nor French	50	20	30
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	26,510	13,160	13,355
English	26,220	13,020	13,200
French	235	120	115
English and French	25	10	15
Neither English nor French	35	15	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	26,510	13,160	13,355
Single responses	26,200	13,000	13,200
Official languages	24,645	12,275	12,370
English	24,385	12,150	12,235
French	265	130	135
Non-official languages	1,555	725	830
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10
Algonquian languages	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	5	5	5
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,540	720	815
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	15	0
Amharic	5	5	0
Arabic	10	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	110	30	80
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	5
Indonesian	5	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	25	70
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,130	545	580
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	70	90
Baltic languages	5	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	155	70	85
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	5	5
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	30	15	15
Russian	40	10	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Slovak	0	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10
Ukrainian	35	20	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	465	215	250
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	315	140	180
German	295	130	165
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	65	65
Afrikaans	45	20	30
Dutch	70	40	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	5	5	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	10
Danish	15	5	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	0
Swedish	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	240	135	100
Indo-Aryan languages	235	130	100
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10
Hindi	40	25	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	90	75
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	255	120	135
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	145	65	75
Portuguese	15	10	10
Romanian	5	0	5
Spanish	80	35	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	25	5	15
Korean	50	30	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	55	60
Chinese languages	100	45	50
Hakka	5	5	0
Mandarin	55	20	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	10
Burmese	10	5	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10
Lao	5	0	0
Thai	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	15	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5
Hungarian	30	15	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	310	155	160
English and French	70	35	35
English and non-official language(s)	220	110	110
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	26,510	13,160	13,355
English	25,125	12,505	12,620
French	40	20	20
Non-official language	220	110	115
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	220	110	115
English and French	115	55	65
English and non-official language(s)	955	445	510
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	26,510	13,160	13,355
Single responses	26,310	13,060	13,250
Official languages	25,805	12,815	12,995
English	25,755	12,785	12,965
French	50	25	25
Non-official languages	500	245	255
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	495	245	250
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	15	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	330	165	170
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	15
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5
Russian	10	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	30	40
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	50	20	25
German	40	20	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	5	10
Afrikaans	20	5	15
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	85	75
Indo-Aryan languages	160	80	75
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	5
Hindi	25	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	60	55
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	35	35
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	30	10	15
Portuguese	10	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	5
Korean	35	25	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	25
Chinese languages	40	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5
Burmese	10	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	205	95	105
English and French	10	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	180	90	90
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	26,515	13,155	13,355
None	25,545	12,715	12,830
English	200	95	105
French	95	45	50
Non-official language	540	245	295
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10
Non-Indigenous	520	230	285
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	30
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	30
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	26,295	13,035	13,260
Official languages	26,240	13,015	13,225
English	26,235	13,010	13,220
French	1,220	560	660
Non-official languages	2,390	1,100	1,285
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	20	30
Algonquian languages	15	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	25	0	20
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,340	1,085	1,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	20	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	15	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	225	105	120
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	100	115
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Creole languages	45	15	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	40	10	25
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	35	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	30	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,605	725	875
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	105	125
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	220	105	120
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	20	0	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	50	30	20
Russian	95	35	60
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	25
Bosnian	10	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10
Serbian	20	10	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	25	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	0	25
Irish	15	0	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	15	0	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	650	295	355
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	440	180	260
German	415	170	240
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	35	15	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	165	85	80
Afrikaans	125	50	75
Dutch	50	40	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	65	40	25
Danish	15	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	30	25	0
Swedish	15	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	270	140	130
Indo-Aryan languages	265	140	130
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	0	15
Hindi	170	90	80
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230	115	110
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	490	205	285
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	170	75	100
Portuguese	35	15	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	305	120	185
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	55	35	20
Korean	35	20	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	0	10
American Sign Language	20	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	215	80	130
Chinese languages	190	80	110
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	130	55	70
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	0	20
Burmese	30	0	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	55	25	30
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	45	25	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	26,295	13,035	13,265
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,535	1,225	1,310
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,445	1,185	1,265
First Nations (North American Indian)	950	430	515
Métis	1,475	745	735
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	20	25
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	25	25
Non-Indigenous identity	23,760	11,810	11,955
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	26,295	13,035	13,265
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	600	265	335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	25,695	12,770	12,925
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	11,385	...	...
Owner	8,840	...	...
Renter	2,550	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	11,385	...	...
Condominium	860	...	...
Not condominium	10,525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	11,385	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...
1 bedroom	870	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,690	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,735	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,050	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	11,385	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,435	...	...
5 rooms	1,725	...	...
6 rooms	1,605	...	...
7 rooms	1,590	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,040	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	11,385	...	...
One person or fewer per room	11,320	...	...
More than one person per room	65	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	11,385	...	...
Suitable	11,105	...	...
Not suitable	280	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	11,385	...	...
1960 or before	1,685	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,315	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,790	...	...
2001 to 2005	405	...	...
2006 to 2010	715	...	...
2011 to 2015	515	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	460	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	11,385	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	10,660	...	...
Major repairs needed	725	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	11,385	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,760	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,200	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	425	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	11,385	...	...
15 to 24 years	310	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,345	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,705	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,765	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,400	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,260	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,210	...	...
85 years and over	390	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	11,320	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,705	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,615	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	11,385	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,425	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,465	...	...
Not suitable only	225	...	...
Major repairs needed only	535	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	8,965	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	11,190	...	...
In core need	775	...	...
Not in core need	10,420	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,800	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,171	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	443,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,535	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,069	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	26,295	13,030	13,265
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	730	365	360
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	710	360	350
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	405	175	230
Métis single ancestry	305	180	120
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,960	935	1,025
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,905	910	995
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,075	525	545
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	810	380	435
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	25
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	30	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	30	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	23,610	11,730	11,880
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	26,295	13,035	13,260
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	25,205	12,520	12,680
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,695	2,380	2,310
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	20,510	10,140	10,375
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,095	515	580
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	26,295	13,035	13,260
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	23,590	11,730	11,855
Immigrants⁸¹	2,320	1,110	1,210
Before 1980	970	485	485
1980 to 1990	215	95	120
1991 to 2000	225	75	150
2001 to 2010	340	180	165
2011 to 2021⁸²	565	275	290
2011 to 2015	235	90	140
2016 to 2021	330	185	150
Non-permanent residents⁸³	390	190	195
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,325	1,110	1,210
Under 5 years	300	170	125
5 to 14 years	380	170	210
15 to 24 years	510	250	265
25 to 44 years	965	430	540
45 years and over	165	95	75
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,325	1,110	1,210
Americas	510	210	305
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	15	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	105	45	60
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	355	140	215
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	0
Europe	1,150	580	570
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	15
Croatia	20	10	10
France	15	0	10
Germany	235	95	140
Greece	15	10	0
Hungary	15	10	0
Italy	75	45	30
Netherlands	50	40	15
Poland	25	10	20
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	15	0	0
Russian Federation	20	10	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	55	30	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	420	225	195
Other places of birth in Europe	165	85	80
Africa	170	90	80
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	30	25	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	95	35	60
Other places of birth in Africa	30	15	20
Asia	445	210	240
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	50	25	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15
Taiwan	35	15	20
Philippines	175	70	100
Viet Nam	20	0	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	45	20	25
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	25	30
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	25	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	335	185	145
Americas	140	70	65
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	100	45	55
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	30	25	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	45	25	25
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	15	15
Africa	25	15	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	110	60	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	20	10	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	90	50	40
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0
Australia	10	10	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	26,295	13,035	13,265
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,845	1,385	1,465
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,975	1,905	2,070
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,470	9,740	9,730
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,350	625	725
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	815	420	395
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	370	235	130
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	450	185	260
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	460	160	300
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	35	30
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,350	625	725
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	335	145	190
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	70	10	55
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	90	50	40
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	840	415	425
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	26,295	13,035	13,265
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,460	720	740
South Asian	365	185	180
Chinese	275	115	165
Black	225	125	110
Filipino	270	120	150
Arab	15	15	0
Latin American	70	25	45
Southeast Asian	115	55	60
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	30	20	15
Japanese	60	50	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	25	15	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	24,840	12,315	12,525
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	26,295	13,035	13,260
Canadian	3,795	1,915	1,880
English	8,550	4,225	4,325
Irish	4,940	2,270	2,670
Scottish	6,015	2,990	3,025
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,710	1,385	1,325
German	4,835	2,330	2,505
Chinese	245	115	135
Italian	1,660	865	800
Indian (India)	235	120	120
Ukrainian	1,585	815	770
Dutch	1,120	585	535
Polish	840	375	460
Québécois	25	10	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,060	605	460
Filipino	205	75	130
French Canadian	265	120	150
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	510	255	260
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	695	315	385
Métis	1,185	595	585
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	585	325	260
Russian	905	415	490
Norwegian	1,420	645	780
Welsh	705	325	380
Portuguese	60	30	35
American	490	220	270
Spanish	210	70	140
Swedish	1,055	510	550
Hungarian	435	190	250
Acadian	25	25	0
Pakistani	10	0	10
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	70	30	40
Jewish	65	35	30
Punjabi	60	40	20
Vietnamese	35	15	15
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	10	0
Greek	65	50	15
Jamaican	45	20	30
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	95	50	45
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	205	100	105
Korean	30	15	15
Romanian	185	85	95
Lebanese	20	10	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	30	15	15
Danish	420	180	240
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	185	110	75
Sikh	40	10	25
Austrian	360	135	225
Belgian	115	50	65
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	35	10	30
Mexican	10	0	0
Mennonite	100	35	65
Swiss	200	75	125
Finnish	210	70	135
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	105	65	40
Japanese	70	55	25
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	10	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40	25	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	280	115	165
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	115	75	45
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	215	95	120
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	10
Serbian	15	10	10
Ojibway	50	20	25
Newfoundlander	65	35	25
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	0	10
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	15
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	35	15	20
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	55	35	20
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	80	40	40
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	70	30	45
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	20	15
South African	145	70	70
Australian	65	40	25
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	15
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	35	15	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	15	10
New Brunswicker	10	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	15	0	15
Mohawk	10	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	120	45	80
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	10	10	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	20	30
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	10	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	20	15	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	0	10
Indonesian	15	10	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	50	15	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	0	15
British Columbian	230	90	140
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	20	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	0	20
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	0	15
New Zealander	30	15	15
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	10	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	30	0	25
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	35	20	10
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	15	0	15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	50	30	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	10	10	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	30	0	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	26,300	13,035	13,265
Buddhist	135	55	85
Christian	10,555	4,800	5,755
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,655	1,255	1,395
Anabaptist	75	40	35
Anglican	755	330	425
Baptist	455	200	255
Catholic	3,110	1,415	1,695
Christian Orthodox	115	60	60
Jehovah's Witness	260	95	165
Latter Day Saints	335	160	175
Lutheran	455	185	270
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	20	30
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	240	105	135
Presbyterian	250	100	150
Reformed	30	10	20
United Church	1,115	535	580
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	665	305	365
Hindu	120	50	75
Jewish	40	20	25
Muslim	45	30	20
Sikh	155	85	70
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	0	20
Other religions and spiritual traditions	205	75	125
No religion and secular perspectives	15,020	7,920	7,100
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	26,120	12,940	13,180
Non-movers	22,810	11,400	11,410
Movers	3,310	1,535	1,775
Non-migrants	1,875	860	1,015
Migrants	1,430	675	760
Internal migrants	1,370	655	715
Intraprovincial migrants	850	390	465
Interprovincial migrants	520	265	250
External migrants	60	20	45
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	25,150	12,420	12,735
Non-movers	15,010	7,475	7,535
Movers	10,145	4,945	5,200
Non-migrants	3,920	1,915	2,005
Migrants	6,225	3,030	3,195
Internal migrants	5,725	2,800	2,925
Intraprovincial migrants	4,095	1,985	2,110
Interprovincial migrants	1,630	825	810
External migrants	500	225	275
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,290	10,990	11,295
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,930	2,150	1,785
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	18,350	8,840	9,515
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,485	6,680	6,805
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,395	780	615
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,090	5,900	6,185
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,285	10,990	11,295
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,380	1,730	1,645
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,345	3,575	3,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,570	5,685	5,880
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,260	4,235	4,030
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,625	2,135	495
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	800	440	360
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,830	1,695	130
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,085	1,885	3,200
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	550	210	340
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,305	1,455	1,845
Bachelor's degree	2,200	925	1,280
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	165	70	100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190	135	55
Master's degree	680	290	390
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	35	25
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,485	6,680	6,805
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,185	640	540
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,295	2,235	2,055
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,010	3,800	4,205
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,645	2,865	2,780
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,765	1,450	315
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	510	280	230
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,255	1,170	85
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,520	1,280	2,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	365	130	230
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,365	940	1,425
Bachelor's degree	1,610	620	985
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120	55	65
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	110	60	50
Master's degree	480	170	310
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	30	15
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,285	10,990	11,300
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,725	5,305	5,420
Education	945	190	760
13. Education	945	190	760
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	255	140	115
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	55	10
50. Visual and performing arts	190	85	100
Humanities	360	200	160
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	60	25	35
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	160	80	75
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	30	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	40	15
54. History	30	20	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	745	240	505
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	40	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	180	10	165
22. Legal professions and studies	125	20	105
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	125	50	75
45. Social sciences	205	115	90
Business, management and public administration	2,340	755	1,590
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	260	55	205
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,075	700	1,375
Physical and life sciences and technologies	375	200	180
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	45	55
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	50	70
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	125	95	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	200	105	100
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	160	90	65
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,920	2,735	185
04. Architecture and related services	65	35	25
14. Engineering	165	130	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	535	465	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	830	810	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	960	930	30
48. Precision production	370	360	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	510	335	170
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	160	70	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	340	265	80
Health and related fields	2,125	380	1,750
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185	85	100
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,850	230	1,620
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	60	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	785	415	370
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	440	110	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	110	80	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	220	210	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,485	6,675	6,805
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,470	2,880	2,595
Education	595	95	495
13. Education	595	95	495
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	190	115	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	45	10
50. Visual and performing arts	140	75	65
Humanities	275	150	125
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	45	20	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	120	60	65
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	30	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15
54. History	20	15	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	560	135	425
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	30	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	145	10	135
22. Legal professions and studies	100	15	90
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	0
42. Psychology	85	20	65
45. Social sciences	135	60	75
Business, management and public administration	1,635	520	1,115
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	210	40	170
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,430	485	945
Physical and life sciences and technologies	235	110	125
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	20	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	30	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	75	55	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	160	85	75
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	145	80	65
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,975	1,845	120
04. Architecture and related services	55	25	25
14. Engineering	115	85	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	340	300	40
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	590	580	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	620	605	10
48. Precision production	255	245	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	390	240	150
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	130	45	85
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	195	65
Health and related fields	1,480	245	1,230
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	135	65	70
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,285	155	1,130
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	25	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	500	245	255
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	280	55	220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	90	60	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	135	125	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	13,485	6,675	6,805
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,470	2,880	2,595
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	8,010	3,805	4,210
Location of study inside Canada	7,160	3,420	3,745
Same as province or territory of residence	4,790	2,215	2,575
Different than province or territory of residence	2,370	1,200	1,170
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	850	380	470
Americas	255	105	155
United States of America	240	90	145
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	205	95	105
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	45	20	30
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Ukraine	30	15	15
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	50	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	15
Africa	75	35	40
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	20	30
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	280	125	155
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	30	20	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10
Philippines	105	40	65
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	115	55	60
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	40	20	15
Australia	25	20	0
New Zealand	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	22,285	10,990	11,295
In the labour force	13,690	7,105	6,585
Employed	12,710	6,615	6,095
Unemployed	980	495	490
Not in the labour force	8,595	3,885	4,710
Participation rate	61.4	64.6	58.3
Employment rate	57.0	60.2	54.0
Unemployment rate	7.2	7.0	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	22,285	10,990	11,300
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,650	3,890	4,765
Worked	13,635	7,100	6,535
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,785	3,890	2,900
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	6,850	3,220	3,630
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.8	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	13,690	7,105	6,585
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	245	105	140
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	13,445	7,000	6,445
Employee	11,445	5,850	5,590
Permanent position	9,745	5,095	4,650
Temporary position	1,700	765	940
Fixed term (1 year or more)	360	140	215
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,340	620	720
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,000	1,145	860
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	13,690	7,105	6,585
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	245	105	140
All occupations¹⁹¹	13,445	7,000	6,445
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	105	60	45
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,950	450	1,500
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	660	520	145
3 Health occupations	1,180	195	985
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,395	460	940
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	360	140	220
6 Sales and service occupations	3,570	1,370	2,195
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,310	3,040	275
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	505	400	100
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	405	370	40
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	13,690	7,105	6,585
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	245	105	140
All industries¹⁹¹	13,445	7,000	6,445
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	320	245	80
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	725	660	70
22 Utilities	70	60	10
23 Construction	1,215	1,060	160
31-33 Manufacturing	655	515	135
41 Wholesale trade	360	290	65
44-45 Retail trade	2,100	925	1,175
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	715	555	160
51 Information and cultural industries	170	105	55
52 Finance and insurance	400	130	270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	190	85	105
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	635	295	340
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	480	280	200
61 Educational services	920	265	655
62 Health care and social assistance	1,920	335	1,585
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	310	140	170
72 Accommodation and food services	905	340	565
81 Other services (except public administration)	675	345	325
91 Public administration	665	350	315
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	14,775	7,630	7,150
English	14,620	7,600	7,020
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	10	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0
English and French	60	0	55
English and non-official language(s)	90	20	70
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	14,775	7,630	7,150
Single responses	14,775	7,630	7,150
Official languages	14,765	7,625	7,145
English	14,765	7,625	7,145
French	0	0	0
Non-official languages	10	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	14,775	7,630	7,150
None	14,630	7,600	7,030
English	0	0	0
French	60	0	55
Non-official language	85	15	70
Indigenous³⁹	40	10	35
Non-Indigenous	40	10	35
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	12,710	6,615	6,095
Worked at home	1,435	605	830
Worked outside Canada	35	20	10
No fixed workplace address	2,070	1,615	455
Usual place of work	9,175	4,370	4,800
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,175	4,370	4,800
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,855	2,435	3,425
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,725	1,585	1,130
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	90	70	25
Commute to a different province or territory	505	275	225
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	11,240	5,985	5,255
Car, truck or van	10,010	5,425	4,590
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,200	5,005	4,195
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	815	420	395
Public transit	90	65	25
Walked	825	320	505
Bicycle	90	50	40
Other method	225	130	95
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	11,240	5,985	5,255
Less than 15 minutes	7,075	3,335	3,740
15 to 29 minutes	2,185	1,115	1,065
30 to 44 minutes	765	475	290
45 to 59 minutes	345	280	65
60 minutes and over	875	780	90
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	11,240	5,985	5,255
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	750	575	170
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,725	1,090	640
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,730	1,615	1,110
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,935	1,165	1,765
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,520	565	950
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,585	970	615
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,980	2,535	2,450
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	210	110	95
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,775	2,420	2,355
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,765	1,900	1,865
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	170	95	70
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55	35	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	115	60	50
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,595	1,805	1,790

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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