Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Williams LakeMore information: British Columbia [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	23,608	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	23,113^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	11,177	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	12,422.14	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	23,605	11,900	11,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,970	2,025	1,945	16.8	17.0	16.6
0 to 4 years	1,225	620	605	5.2	5.2	5.2
5 to 9 years	1,360	700	655	5.8	5.9	5.6
10 to 14 years	1,390	710	680	5.9	6.0	5.8
15 to 64 years	14,645	7,355	7,290	62.0	61.8	62.3
15 to 19 years	1,250	660	590	5.3	5.5	5.0
20 to 24 years	1,160	620	535	4.9	5.2	4.6
25 to 29 years	1,315	645	670	5.6	5.4	5.7
30 to 34 years	1,420	690	730	6.0	5.8	6.2
35 to 39 years	1,485	760	730	6.3	6.4	6.2
40 to 44 years	1,415	705	710	6.0	5.9	6.1
45 to 49 years	1,400	700	705	5.9	5.9	6.0
50 to 54 years	1,555	785	770	6.6	6.6	6.6
55 to 59 years	1,760	850	910	7.5	7.1	7.8
60 to 64 years	1,885	950	940	8.0	8.0	8.0
65 years and over	4,985	2,510	2,475	21.1	21.1	21.1
65 to 69 years	1,760	865	895	7.5	7.3	7.6
70 to 74 years	1,370	700	665	5.8	5.9	5.7
75 to 79 years	885	475	415	3.7	4.0	3.5
80 to 84 years	495	215	275	2.1	1.8	2.3
85 years and over	470	255	215	2.0	2.1	1.8
85 to 89 years	305	175	125	1.3	1.5	1.1
90 to 94 years	150	70	80	0.6	0.6	0.7
95 to 99 years	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.0	16.6	16.8	17.0	16.6
15 to 64 years	62.0	61.8	62.3	62.0	61.8	62.3
65 years and over	21.1	21.1	21.1	21.1	21.1	21.1
85 years and over	2.0	2.1	1.8	2.0	2.1	1.8
Average age of the population	42.9	42.7	43.1	42.9	42.7	43.1
Median age of the population	44.4	44.0	44.8	44.4	44.0	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	6,530	...	...	65.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	270	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	385	...	...	3.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	570	...	...	5.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	970	...	...	9.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,285	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,920	...	...	29.1	...	...
2 persons	3,955	...	...	39.4	...	...
3 persons	1,320	...	...	13.1	...	...
4 persons	1,110	...	...	11.1	...	...
5 or more persons	735	...	...	7.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	23,340	11,745	11,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	19,635	9,870	9,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	11,720	5,855	5,865	59.7	59.3	60.1
Married	8,785	4,395	4,395	44.7	44.5	45.0
Living common-law	2,930	1,455	1,470	14.9	14.7	15.1
Living common law - Never married	2,110	1,070	1,045	10.7	10.8	10.7
Living common law - Separated	155	75	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	590	285	305	3.0	2.9	3.1
Living common law - Widowed	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	7,915	4,020	3,900	40.3	40.7	39.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,915	2,805	2,115	25.0	28.4	21.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	650	300	345	3.3	3.0	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,230	600	630	6.3	6.1	6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,125	315	815	5.7	3.2	8.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	4,145	...	...	60.2	...	...
3 persons	1,190	...	...	17.3	...	...
4 persons	1,030	...	...	15.0	...	...
5 or more persons	515	...	...	7.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,750	...	...	83.6	...	...
Married couples	4,285	...	...	62.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,715	...	...	24.9	...	...
Without children	2,570	...	...	37.4	...	...
Common-law couples	1,465	...	...	21.3	...	...
With children⁶	615	...	...	8.9	...	...
Without children	850	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,130	...	...	16.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	825	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	305	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	23,335	11,745	11,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	18,755	9,335	9,420	80.4	79.5	81.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	11,495	5,740	5,760	49.3	48.9	49.7
Parents in one-parent families	1,135	305	830	4.9	2.6	7.2
Children⁶	6,120	3,290	2,835	26.2	28.0	24.5
In a two-parent family	4,400	2,310	2,085	18.9	19.7	18.0
In a one-parent family	1,725	975	750	7.4	8.3	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,585	2,415	2,175	19.6	20.6	18.8
Living alone	2,920	1,540	1,385	12.5	13.1	11.9
Living with other relatives⁷	665	310	355	2.8	2.6	3.1
Living with non-relatives only	995	565	435	4.3	4.8	3.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,990	...	...	59.6	...	...
Couple-family households	5,180	...	...	51.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,080	...	...	20.7	...	...
Without children	3,100	...	...	30.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	810	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	240	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	410	...	...	4.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	425	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	2,920	...	...	29.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	19,370	9,715	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,910	9,495	9,415	97.6	97.7	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	50,400	34,000	40,400	50,400	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,920	9,500	9,415	97.7	97.8	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,600	31,600	37,200	45,600	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,430	8,510	7,920	84.8	87.6	82.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	46,800	26,400	34,800	46,800	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,395	7,050	6,345	69.2	72.6	65.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	53,200	29,800	39,200	53,200	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,810	7,525	8,285	81.6	77.5	85.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,400	10,400	12,000	11,400	10,400	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,210	1,175	1,035	11.4	12.1	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,160	5,600	5,480	5,160	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,900	2,370	2,525	25.3	24.4	26.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	19,375	9,720	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,840	9,450	9,390	97.2	97.2	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,200	60,100	40,280	50,200	60,100	40,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,855	9,455	9,395	97.3	97.3	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,520	50,880	36,080	43,520	50,880	36,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,445	8,505	7,945	84.9	87.5	82.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,840	56,450	34,480	45,840	56,450	34,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,400	7,065	6,330	69.2	72.7	65.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520	58,150	35,680	47,520	58,150	35,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,815	7,550	8,265	81.6	77.7	85.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,150	11,610	12,650	12,150	11,610	12,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,165	1,195	970	11.2	12.3	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,185	5,890	6,560	6,185	5,890	6,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,960	2,430	2,530	25.6	25.0	26.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,100	8,890	8,500	8,100	8,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	19,370	9,715	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,995	3,495	2,495	30.9	36.0	25.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	74,000	51,600	63,600	74,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,900	77,700	56,700	68,900	77,700	56,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,485	2,710	2,770	28.3	27.9	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	31,600	17,600	22,800	31,600	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,120	43,800	24,660	34,120	43,800	24,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.6	84.6	72.4	79.6	84.6	72.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	72.4	59.7	67.4	72.4	59.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.3	15.4	27.6	20.3	15.4	27.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	4.3	7.7	5.6	4.3	7.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.5	6.0	4.5	3.5	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	19,375	9,720	9,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	465	225	240	2.4	2.3	2.5
With total income	18,910	9,495	9,415	97.6	97.7	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,720	710	1,005	9.1	7.5	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	2,290	855	1,440	12.1	9.0	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	2,870	1,185	1,685	15.2	12.5	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	2,465	1,040	1,425	13.0	11.0	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	2,110	930	1,180	11.2	9.8	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,620	795	820	8.6	8.4	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,305	735	575	6.9	7.7	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,095	725	370	5.8	7.6	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	880	565	310	4.7	6.0	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	640	455	185	3.4	4.8	2.0
$100,000 and over	1,910	1,500	405	10.1	15.8	4.3
$100,000 to $149,999	1,530	1,200	330	8.1	12.6	3.5
$150,000 and over	380	300	80	2.0	3.2	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	19,375	9,720	9,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	455	215	240	2.3	2.2	2.5
With after-tax income	18,920	9,505	9,415	97.7	97.8	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,775	735	1,040	9.4	7.7	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	2,365	890	1,475	12.5	9.4	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	3,230	1,310	1,915	17.1	13.8	20.3
$30,000 to $39,999	2,805	1,215	1,590	14.8	12.8	16.9
$40,000 to $49,999	2,350	1,115	1,235	12.4	11.7	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,755	970	790	9.3	10.2	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,445	925	525	7.6	9.7	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,065	715	350	5.6	7.5	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	800	600	200	4.2	6.3	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	500	375	125	2.6	3.9	1.3
$100,000 and over	835	660	175	4.4	6.9	1.9
$100,000 to $124,999	555	450	105	2.9	4.7	1.1
$125,000 and over	280	215	70	1.5	2.3	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	19,375	9,720	9,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	5,980	2,665	3,310	30.9	27.4	34.3
With employment income	13,400	7,055	6,340	69.2	72.6	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,875	805	1,070	14.0	11.4	16.9
$5,000 to $9,999	955	420	535	7.1	6.0	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	1,470	590	880	11.0	8.4	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	1,230	525	710	9.2	7.4	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	1,285	515	770	9.6	7.3	12.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,175	525	650	8.8	7.4	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	985	485	500	7.4	6.9	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	940	580	360	7.0	8.2	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	810	560	255	6.0	7.9	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	665	435	225	5.0	6.2	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	505	380	125	3.8	5.4	2.0
$100,000 and over	1,505	1,245	265	11.2	17.6	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	875	705	170	6.5	10.0	2.7
$125,000 and over	630	535	95	4.7	7.6	1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	19,370	9,715	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,405	9,250	9,150	95.0	95.2	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	50,000	30,400	38,000	50,000	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,450	9,255	9,190	95.3	95.3	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	44,400	28,200	34,800	44,400	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,380	8,480	7,905	84.6	87.3	81.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	47,600	27,000	35,200	47,600	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,880	7,275	6,605	71.7	74.9	68.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	52,000	28,400	38,000	52,000	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,995	5,845	7,150	67.1	60.2	74.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	9,600	8,700	9,100	9,600	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,115	1,210	905	10.9	12.5	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960	6,240	5,520	5,960	6,240	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	19,375	9,720	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,265	9,200	9,055	94.3	94.7	93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,240	58,950	37,400	48,240	58,950	37,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,295	9,205	9,090	94.4	94.7	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,120	49,200	32,920	41,120	49,200	32,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,335	8,500	7,840	84.3	87.4	81.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,080	56,800	34,480	46,080	56,800	34,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,740	7,300	6,440	70.9	75.1	66.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,520	56,850	34,760	46,520	56,850	34,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,995	5,810	7,185	67.1	59.8	74.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,870	10,240	9,570	9,870	10,240	9,570
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,060	1,205	855	10.6	12.4	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,760	6,980	6,460	6,760	6,980	6,460
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	19,370	9,715	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,945	3,475	2,470	30.7	35.8	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	71,000	49,200	60,800	71,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,600	74,500	53,200	65,600	74,500	53,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,125	2,555	2,565	26.5	26.3	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	40,400	22,200	27,000	40,400	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,320	48,920	27,760	38,320	48,920	27,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	89.0	79.8	85.4	89.0	79.8
Employment income (%)	72.6	76.6	66.0	72.6	76.6	66.0
Government transfers (%)	14.6	11.0	20.3	14.6	11.0	20.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,700	...	...	81,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,450	...	...	51,450	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,720	...	...	44,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,700	...	...	111,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,900	...	...	96,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	250	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	460	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	350	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	340	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	400	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	455	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	390	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	750	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	665	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	680	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	665	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	510	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,875	...	...	38.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,285	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	940	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,035	...	...	10.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	615	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	120	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	255	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	485	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	385	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	400	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	465	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	495	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	410	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	860	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	820	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	800	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	710	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	645	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,055	...	...	30.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,305	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	785	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	970	...	...	9.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,920	2,105	1,815	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	42,800	34,000	38,400	42,800	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	39,200	32,000	35,600	39,200	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,800	...	...	110,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,900	...	...	95,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,900	...	...	101,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,600	...	...	87,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,600	...	...	137,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,500	...	...	118,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,200	...	...	68,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,915	2,090	1,820	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,880	54,150	42,840	48,880	54,150	42,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,680	46,120	38,760	42,680	46,120	38,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	23,340	11,750	11,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,760	2,440	2,325	20.4	20.8	20.1
0 to 5 years	1,465	750	715	6.3	6.4	6.2
18 to 64 years	13,785	6,905	6,880	59.1	58.8	59.4
65 years and over	4,785	2,405	2,385	20.5	20.5	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,750	1,325	1,425	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	580	305	275	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	200	105	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,340	650	685	...	...	...
65 years and over	835	365	465	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	11.3	12.3	11.8	11.3	12.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.2	12.5	11.9	12.2	12.5	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	13.7	14.2	13.0	13.7	14.2	13.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.7	9.4	10.0	9.7	9.4	10.0
65 years and over (%)	17.4	15.3	19.5	17.4	15.3	19.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	22,455	11,315	11,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,545	2,335	2,210	20.2	20.6	19.8
0 to 5 years	1,390	720	675	6.2	6.4	6.1
18 to 64 years	13,265	6,640	6,630	59.1	58.7	59.5
65 years and over	4,645	2,340	2,300	20.7	20.7	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	645	335	310	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	155	80	70	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	50	25	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	415	215	200	...	...	...
65 years and over	80	30	45	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.7	4.0	3.2	3.7	4.0	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	23,340	11,750	11,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	11,960	5,795	6,165	51.2	49.3	53.2
In bottom decile	2,405	1,160	1,240	10.3	9.9	10.7
In second decile	2,425	1,135	1,290	10.4	9.7	11.1
In third decile	2,415	1,170	1,245	10.3	10.0	10.7
In fourth decile	2,340	1,125	1,220	10.0	9.6	10.5
In fifth decile	2,380	1,205	1,175	10.2	10.3	10.1
In top half of the distribution	11,375	5,950	5,430	48.7	50.6	46.8
In sixth decile	2,275	1,185	1,090	9.7	10.1	9.4
In seventh decile	2,415	1,265	1,155	10.3	10.8	10.0
In eighth decile	2,535	1,325	1,210	10.9	11.3	10.4
In ninth decile	2,470	1,310	1,165	10.6	11.1	10.0
In top decile	1,680	875	805	7.2	7.4	6.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	23,335	...	...	23,335	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.426	...	...	0.426	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	23,375	11,770	11,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	22,425	11,320	11,100	95.9	96.2	95.6
French only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	885	415	470	3.8	3.5	4.0
Neither English nor French	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	23,375	11,770	11,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	23,090	11,615	11,470	98.8	98.7	98.8
French	205	115	90	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and French	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	23,375	11,770	11,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,995	11,575	11,420	98.4	98.3	98.4
Official languages	21,285	10,755	10,530	91.1	91.4	90.7
English	21,025	10,605	10,420	89.9	90.1	89.8
French	265	145	115	1.1	1.2	1.0
Non-official languages	1,705	825	885	7.3	7.0	7.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	300	120	175	1.3	1.0	1.5
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	140	55	90	0.6	0.5	0.8
Northern Athabaskan languages	140	55	90	0.6	0.5	0.8
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	125	45	80	0.5	0.4	0.7
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	140	65	80	0.6	0.6	0.7
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	140	65	80	0.6	0.6	0.7
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,405	695	710	6.0	5.9	6.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	25	55	0.3	0.2	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	25	55	0.3	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,105	565	545	4.7	4.8	4.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	55	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	105	55	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	525	265	260	2.2	2.3	2.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	390	195	195	1.7	1.7	1.7
German	325	165	160	1.4	1.4	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	350	190	160	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	345	190	160	1.5	1.6	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310	165	140	1.3	1.4	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	55	70	0.5	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	380	195	190	1.6	1.7	1.6
English and French	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	280	145	140	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	23,375	11,770	11,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,610	10,890	10,720	92.4	92.5	92.3
French	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-official language	335	175	160	1.4	1.5	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	285	150	135	1.2	1.3	1.2
English and French	115	60	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,250	595	655	5.3	5.1	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	23,375	11,770	11,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,165	11,670	11,490	99.1	99.2	99.0
Official languages	22,475	11,320	11,155	96.1	96.2	96.1
English	22,445	11,300	11,145	96.0	96.0	96.0
French	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	685	350	335	2.9	3.0	2.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	610	315	295	2.6	2.7	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	440	230	215	1.9	2.0	1.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	130	65	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	50	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
German	70	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	265	145	120	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	265	145	125	1.1	1.2	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	130	115	1.0	1.1	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	215	95	115	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	25	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	185	85	100	0.8	0.7	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	23,375	11,770	11,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	22,145	11,165	10,975	94.7	94.9	94.6
English	330	160	170	1.4	1.4	1.5
French	85	50	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	720	330	390	3.1	2.8	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	275	120	155	1.2	1.0	1.3
Non-Indigenous	445	210	235	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	20	5	0.1	0.2	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	23,340	11,745	11,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	23,275	11,720	11,550	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	23,270	11,720	11,545	99.7	99.8	99.6
French	875	375	500	3.7	3.2	4.3
Non-official languages	2,610	1,275	1,335	11.2	10.9	11.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	635	275	355	2.7	2.3	3.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	250	85	160	1.1	0.7	1.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	250	85	160	1.1	0.7	1.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	245	85	165	1.0	0.7	1.4
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	365	175	190	1.6	1.5	1.6
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	365	175	190	1.6	1.5	1.6
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,005	1,020	980	8.6	8.7	8.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	145	50	95	0.6	0.4	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	50	90	0.6	0.4	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,585	845	740	6.8	7.2	6.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	135	55	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	130	55	75	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	665	370	300	2.8	3.2	2.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	505	285	220	2.2	2.4	1.9
German	480	275	205	2.1	2.3	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140	80	65	0.6	0.7	0.6
Afrikaans	55	30	35	0.2	0.3	0.3
Dutch	85	50	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	410	225	185	1.8	1.9	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	395	215	185	1.7	1.8	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	140	65	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	360	195	165	1.5	1.7	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	390	205	190	1.7	1.7	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	290	135	155	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	55	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,340	11,745	11,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,255	2,465	2,790	22.5	21.0	24.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,100	2,400	2,695	21.9	20.4	23.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,860	1,845	2,015	16.5	15.7	17.4
Métis	1,230	545	680	5.3	4.6	5.9
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	95	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-Indigenous identity	18,085	9,280	8,805	77.5	79.0	75.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,340	11,745	11,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,220	1,480	1,740	13.8	12.6	15.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20,120	10,270	9,850	86.2	87.4	85.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	7,375	...	...	73.4	...	...
Renter	2,435	...	...	24.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	235	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	420	...	...	4.2	...	...
Not condominium	9,625	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	850	...	...	8.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,640	...	...	26.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,320	...	...	33.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,185	...	...	31.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,295	...	...	22.8	...	...
5 rooms	1,700	...	...	16.9	...	...
6 rooms	1,550	...	...	15.4	...	...
7 rooms	1,330	...	...	13.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,165	...	...	31.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,930	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	110	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	9,670	...	...	96.3	...	...
Not suitable	370	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	850	...	...	8.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,595	...	...	45.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,520	...	...	15.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,560	...	...	15.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	340	...	...	3.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	510	...	...	5.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	290	...	...	2.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	370	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,045	...	...	90.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	995	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,315	...	...	52.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,335	...	...	43.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	395	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	290	...	...	2.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,285	...	...	12.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,515	...	...	15.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,665	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,155	...	...	21.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,940	...	...	19.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	980	...	...	9.8	...	...
85 years and over	215	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,320	...	...	87.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,180	...	...	12.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,045	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,305	...	...	22.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,015	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not suitable only	255	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	790	...	...	7.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,740	...	...	77.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	575	...	...	6.1	...	...
Not in core need	8,790	...	...	93.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,115	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.9	...	...	52.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	770	...	...	770	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,014	...	...	1,014	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	358,800	...	...	358,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,410	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.1	...	...	24.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	930	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	958	...	...	958	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	235	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.6	...	...	10.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	332	...	...	332	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	412	...	...	412	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	23,340	11,750	11,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,925	1,395	1,530	12.5	11.9	13.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,885	1,380	1,505	12.4	11.7	13.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,580	1,220	1,365	11.1	10.4	11.8
Métis single ancestry	305	160	145	1.3	1.4	1.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,505	1,145	1,365	10.7	9.7	11.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,435	1,110	1,320	10.4	9.4	11.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,825	835	985	7.8	7.1	8.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	610	275	340	2.6	2.3	2.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	17,910	9,205	8,700	76.7	78.3	75.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	23,335	11,745	11,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	22,555	11,365	11,185	96.7	96.8	96.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,680	2,345	2,335	20.1	20.0	20.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	17,875	9,025	8,845	76.6	76.8	76.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	785	375	410	3.4	3.2	3.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	23,335	11,745	11,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	21,160	10,685	10,475	90.7	91.0	90.4
Immigrants⁸¹	1,990	965	1,025	8.5	8.2	8.8
Before 1980	905	470	435	3.9	4.0	3.8
1980 to 1990	165	75	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
1991 to 2000	245	95	145	1.0	0.8	1.3
2001 to 2010	225	120	100	1.0	1.0	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	455	205	250	1.9	1.7	2.2
2011 to 2015	185	75	105	0.8	0.6	0.9
2016 to 2021	270	125	145	1.2	1.1	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	190	100	95	0.8	0.9	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,985	960	1,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	280	140	140	14.1	14.6	13.7
5 to 14 years	405	230	170	20.4	24.0	16.6
15 to 24 years	400	190	210	20.2	19.8	20.5
25 to 44 years	735	330	400	37.0	34.4	39.0
45 years and over	170	65	100	8.6	6.8	9.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,985	960	1,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	475	195	275	23.9	20.3	26.8
Brazil	15	10	10	0.8	1.0	1.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	0	20	1.3	0.0	2.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	390	160	225	19.6	16.7	22.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	1.3	1.0	1.5
Europe	840	455	385	42.3	47.4	37.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Germany	225	140	90	11.3	14.6	8.8
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	10	1.0	1.0	1.0
Netherlands	75	50	25	3.8	5.2	2.4
Poland	30	20	10	1.5	2.1	1.0
Portugal	20	15	0	1.0	1.6	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	235	115	120	11.8	12.0	11.7
Other places of birth in Europe	190	85	110	9.6	8.9	10.7
Africa	110	50	60	5.5	5.2	5.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	30	45	3.5	3.1	4.4
Other places of birth in Africa	40	20	15	2.0	2.1	1.5
Asia	505	235	275	25.4	24.5	26.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	20	15	1.8	2.1	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	25	10	1.8	2.6	1.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	120	35	80	6.0	3.6	7.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	245	125	120	12.3	13.0	11.7
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	60	20	35	3.0	2.1	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	25	30	2.8	2.6	2.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	270	125	150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	45	15	35	16.7	12.0	23.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	3.7	0.0	6.7
United States of America	25	10	15	9.3	8.0	10.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	40	15	20	14.8	12.0	13.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	3.7	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	3.7	0.0	6.7
Other places of birth in Europe	20	15	10	7.4	12.0	6.7
Africa	50	25	25	18.5	20.0	16.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	10	9.3	12.0	6.7
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	15	9.3	12.0	10.0
Asia	125	55	65	46.3	44.0	43.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	65	40	25	24.1	32.0	16.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	5.6	0.0	10.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	15	7.4	0.0	10.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0	3.7	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0	3.7	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	23,340	11,745	11,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,305	1,115	1,195	9.9	9.5	10.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,310	1,655	1,655	14.2	14.1	14.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	17,725	8,975	8,750	75.9	76.4	75.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,080	495	590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	605	325	275	56.0	65.7	46.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	285	170	115	26.4	34.3	19.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	320	160	160	29.6	32.3	27.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	395	130	265	36.6	26.3	44.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	30	35	6.0	6.1	5.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,080	495	590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	235	95	135	21.8	19.2	22.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	0	15	1.9	0.0	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	90	55	30	8.3	11.1	5.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	720	330	390	66.7	66.7	66.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	23,340	11,745	11,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,270	635	635	5.4	5.4	5.5
South Asian	450	240	210	1.9	2.0	1.8
Chinese	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Black	80	60	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
Filipino	185	65	120	0.8	0.6	1.0
Arab	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	85	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Southeast Asian	95	60	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Japanese	80	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	115	50	70	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	22,070	11,115	10,960	94.6	94.6	94.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	23,340	11,745	11,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	3,480	1,820	1,660	14.9	15.5	14.3
English	6,110	2,940	3,170	26.2	25.0	27.4
Irish	3,910	1,925	1,980	16.8	16.4	17.1
Scottish	4,185	2,090	2,100	17.9	17.8	18.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,070	1,055	1,010	8.9	9.0	8.7
German	3,630	1,820	1,815	15.6	15.5	15.7
Chinese	200	80	120	0.9	0.7	1.0
Italian	620	295	325	2.7	2.5	2.8
Indian (India)	315	155	165	1.3	1.3	1.4
Ukrainian	1,200	565	635	5.1	4.8	5.5
Dutch	1,255	605	650	5.4	5.2	5.6
Polish	620	275	345	2.7	2.3	3.0
Québécois	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	760	370	390	3.3	3.2	3.4
Filipino	170	65	105	0.7	0.6	0.9
French Canadian	220	95	130	0.9	0.8	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	835	420	415	3.6	3.6	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,825	885	930	7.8	7.5	8.0
Métis	1,020	475	540	4.4	4.0	4.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	590	310	285	2.5	2.6	2.5
Russian	455	205	245	1.9	1.7	2.1
Norwegian	1,020	525	490	4.4	4.5	4.2
Welsh	570	255	315	2.4	2.2	2.7
Portuguese	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	500	255	245	2.1	2.2	2.1
Spanish	130	65	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	740	340	400	3.2	2.9	3.5
Hungarian	225	120	100	1.0	1.0	0.9
Acadian	55	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Pakistani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	105	45	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jewish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	30	30	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
Jamaican	35	20	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	265	105	160	1.1	0.9	1.4
Korean	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	135	55	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Danish	355	205	150	1.5	1.7	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	505	205	300	2.2	1.7	2.6
Sikh	100	60	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
Austrian	260	135	125	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belgian	105	30	75	0.4	0.3	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	105	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	115	60	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swiss	280	140	140	1.2	1.2	1.2
Finnish	235	140	90	1.0	1.2	0.8
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Japanese	120	55	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	250	130	125	1.1	1.1	1.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	115	65	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	75	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	85	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Australian	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	40	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
British Columbian	115	55	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	23,340	11,745	11,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	80	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Christian	7,985	3,590	4,395	34.2	30.6	37.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,115	930	1,190	9.1	7.9	10.3
Anabaptist	205	105	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
Anglican	555	265	295	2.4	2.3	2.5
Baptist	105	60	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Catholic	2,450	1,145	1,305	10.5	9.7	11.3
Christian Orthodox	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	205	100	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Latter Day Saints	115	45	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lutheran	305	145	160	1.3	1.2	1.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	290	110	180	1.2	0.9	1.6
Presbyterian	70	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Reformed	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Church	605	235	375	2.6	2.0	3.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	845	370	475	3.6	3.2	4.1
Hindu	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sikh	340	185	155	1.5	1.6	1.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	215	105	110	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other religions and spiritual traditions	275	120	155	1.2	1.0	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	14,340	7,665	6,675	61.4	65.3	57.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	23,105	11,635	11,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	20,290	10,235	10,055	87.8	88.0	87.7
Movers	2,815	1,400	1,415	12.2	12.0	12.3
Non-migrants	1,795	910	880	7.8	7.8	7.7
Migrants	1,020	485	535	4.4	4.2	4.7
Internal migrants	940	455	485	4.1	3.9	4.2
Intraprovincial migrants	785	375	410	3.4	3.2	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	155	80	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
External migrants	75	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	22,130	11,105	11,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	12,810	6,480	6,330	57.9	58.4	57.4
Movers	9,325	4,625	4,700	42.1	41.6	42.6
Non-migrants	3,100	1,655	1,440	14.0	14.9	13.1
Migrants	6,225	2,965	3,260	28.1	26.7	29.6
Internal migrants	5,840	2,780	3,055	26.4	25.0	27.7
Intraprovincial migrants	5,140	2,455	2,685	23.2	22.1	24.3
Interprovincial migrants	700	330	370	3.2	3.0	3.4
External migrants	385	185	200	1.7	1.7	1.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,370	9,715	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,710	2,585	2,130	24.3	26.6	22.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,660	7,135	7,525	75.7	73.4	77.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,185	6,085	6,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,150	1,190	960	17.6	19.6	15.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,035	4,895	5,140	82.4	80.4	84.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,375	9,720	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,100	2,140	1,965	21.2	22.0	20.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,705	3,295	3,410	34.6	33.9	35.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,565	4,285	4,280	44.2	44.1	44.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,180	3,305	2,875	31.9	34.0	29.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,310	1,885	425	11.9	19.4	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	795	495	300	4.1	5.1	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,510	1,395	125	7.8	14.4	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,040	1,190	1,855	15.7	12.2	19.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	830	240	595	4.3	2.5	6.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,385	980	1,405	12.3	10.1	14.6
Bachelor's degree	1,615	655	960	8.3	6.7	9.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	160	55	100	0.8	0.6	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	500	230	275	2.6	2.4	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,185	6,085	6,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,800	950	845	14.8	15.6	13.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,230	2,140	2,090	34.7	35.2	34.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,155	2,990	3,165	50.5	49.1	51.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,370	2,330	2,040	35.9	38.3	33.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,590	1,315	270	13.0	21.6	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	495	325	175	4.1	5.3	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,090	990	100	8.9	16.3	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,180	860	1,315	17.9	14.1	21.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	605	155	450	5.0	2.5	7.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,790	665	1,125	14.7	10.9	18.4
Bachelor's degree	1,200	455	740	9.8	7.5	12.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	115	25	90	0.9	0.4	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	20	50	0.6	0.3	0.8
Master's degree	385	155	230	3.2	2.5	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,370	9,720	9,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,805	5,435	5,375	55.8	55.9	55.7
Education	690	180	510	3.6	1.9	5.3
13. Education	690	180	510	3.6	1.9	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	190	85	105	1.0	0.9	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	160	70	95	0.8	0.7	1.0
Humanities	325	150	175	1.7	1.5	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	120	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	635	160	475	3.3	1.6	4.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	0	175	0.9	0.0	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	100	15	90	0.5	0.2	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	115	30	85	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	200	100	100	1.0	1.0	1.0
Business, management and public administration	1,415	315	1,100	7.3	3.2	11.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	30	175	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,210	285	925	6.2	2.9	9.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	255	135	120	1.3	1.4	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	145	75	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	35	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	75	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	50	40	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,490	2,370	125	12.9	24.4	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	165	150	15	0.9	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	305	260	50	1.6	2.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	620	595	30	3.2	6.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	950	935	10	4.9	9.6	0.1
48. Precision production	420	415	10	2.2	4.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	600	380	225	3.1	3.9	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	180	70	110	0.9	0.7	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	420	310	115	2.2	3.2	1.2
Health and related fields	1,310	155	1,155	6.8	1.6	12.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,240	130	1,105	6.4	1.3	11.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	580	315	260	3.0	3.2	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	305	80	220	1.6	0.8	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	65	50	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	190	20	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,190	6,090	6,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,030	3,095	2,940	49.5	50.8	48.2
Education	470	115	355	3.9	1.9	5.8
13. Education	470	115	355	3.9	1.9	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	150	65	90	1.2	1.1	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	130	55	80	1.1	0.9	1.3
Humanities	180	85	100	1.5	1.4	1.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	20	45	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
54. History	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	480	115	365	3.9	1.9	6.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135	0	130	1.1	0.0	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	80	0	75	0.7	0.0	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	105	30	70	0.9	0.5	1.1
45. Social sciences	130	75	55	1.1	1.2	0.9
Business, management and public administration	1,050	220	830	8.6	3.6	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	160	20	135	1.3	0.3	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	890	200	690	7.3	3.3	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	185	85	105	1.5	1.4	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	105	45	55	0.9	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60	45	10	0.5	0.7	0.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	45	40	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,770	1,665	110	14.5	27.3	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
14. Engineering	130	115	15	1.1	1.9	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	225	185	35	1.8	3.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	465	440	30	3.8	7.2	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	685	670	15	5.6	11.0	0.2
48. Precision production	265	255	10	2.2	4.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	435	260	170	3.6	4.3	2.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	120	40	80	1.0	0.7	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	315	220	95	2.6	3.6	1.6
Health and related fields	935	100	835	7.7	1.6	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	865	80	785	7.1	1.3	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	440	235	205	3.6	3.9	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	240	65	175	2.0	1.1	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	50	40	15	0.4	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	145	135	15	1.2	2.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	12,190	6,090	6,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,030	3,095	2,940	49.5	50.8	48.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,160	2,990	3,165	50.5	49.1	51.9
Location of study inside Canada	5,575	2,725	2,850	45.7	44.7	46.7
Same as province or territory of residence	4,665	2,290	2,385	38.3	37.6	39.1
Different than province or territory of residence	905	445	465	7.4	7.3	7.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	580	265	320	4.8	4.4	5.2
Americas	155	75	80	1.3	1.2	1.3
United States of America	135	70	65	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mexico	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	200	90	105	1.6	1.5	1.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Netherlands	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Switzerland	35	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	165	70	95	1.4	1.1	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Philippines	75	25	55	0.6	0.4	0.9
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	35	30	0.5	0.6	0.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	30	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	30	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	19,375	9,720	9,655	...	...	...
In the labour force	11,745	6,315	5,420	...	...	...
Employed	10,790	5,760	5,030	...	...	...
Unemployed	955	560	390	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	7,630	3,400	4,230	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.6	65.0	56.1	60.6	65.0	56.1
Employment rate	55.7	59.3	52.1	55.7	59.3	52.1
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.9	7.2	8.1	8.9	7.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	19,375	9,720	9,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,420	3,260	4,160	38.3	33.5	43.1
Worked	11,950	6,455	5,490	61.7	66.4	56.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,130	3,590	2,545	31.6	36.9	26.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,820	2,865	2,950	30.0	29.5	30.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.1	40.4	41.3	42.1	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	11,740	6,320	5,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	185	90	100	1.6	1.4	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	11,555	6,230	5,325	98.4	98.6	98.2
Employee	9,855	5,205	4,650	83.9	82.4	85.8
Permanent position	8,250	4,430	3,815	70.3	70.1	70.4
Temporary position	1,605	775	830	13.7	12.3	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	330	130	200	2.8	2.1	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,280	645	635	10.9	10.2	11.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,700	1,020	680	14.5	16.1	12.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	11,740	6,320	5,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	185	90	100	1.6	1.4	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	11,555	6,230	5,325	98.4	98.6	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	115	65	50	1.0	1.0	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,550	345	1,205	13.2	5.5	22.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	580	450	135	4.9	7.1	2.5
3 Health occupations	750	100	650	6.4	1.6	12.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,265	360	910	10.8	5.7	16.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	205	55	145	1.7	0.9	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	2,590	935	1,655	22.1	14.8	30.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,855	2,580	270	24.3	40.8	5.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	950	745	210	8.1	11.8	3.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	700	610	95	6.0	9.7	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	11,740	6,320	5,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	185	90	100	1.6	1.4	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	11,555	6,230	5,325	98.4	98.6	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,025	770	255	8.7	12.2	4.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	660	570	85	5.6	9.0	1.6
22 Utilities	60	40	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
23 Construction	1,100	945	155	9.4	15.0	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	1,120	930	190	9.5	14.7	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	275	190	85	2.3	3.0	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	1,395	605	795	11.9	9.6	14.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	435	305	125	3.7	4.8	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	120	70	50	1.0	1.1	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	230	40	195	2.0	0.6	3.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	110	50	55	0.9	0.8	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	445	180	265	3.8	2.8	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	370	190	180	3.2	3.0	3.3
61 Educational services	700	200	505	6.0	3.2	9.3
62 Health care and social assistance	1,445	250	1,200	12.3	4.0	22.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	180	60	120	1.5	0.9	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	540	195	345	4.6	3.1	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	505	275	230	4.3	4.4	4.2
91 Public administration	830	360	470	7.1	5.7	8.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	12,900	6,910	5,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,740	6,840	5,900	98.8	99.0	98.4
French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-official language	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	95	50	45	0.7	0.7	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	12,900	6,910	5,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	12,885	6,905	5,980	99.9	99.9	99.7
Official languages	12,865	6,895	5,965	99.7	99.8	99.5
English	12,845	6,890	5,955	99.6	99.7	99.3
French	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official languages	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	20	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	12,900	6,910	5,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	12,770	6,845	5,925	99.0	99.1	98.8
English	20	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.3
French	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	80	40	40	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous	35	20	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	10,790	5,760	5,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,090	480	610	10.1	8.3	12.1
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,765	1,330	435	16.4	23.1	8.6
Usual place of work	7,935	3,945	3,990	73.5	68.5	79.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,935	3,950	3,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,945	1,830	2,115	49.7	46.3	53.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,620	1,860	1,760	45.6	47.1	44.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	325	210	115	4.1	5.3	2.9
Commute to a different province or territory	50	45	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,700	5,280	4,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	8,815	4,735	4,075	90.9	89.7	92.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	8,075	4,370	3,705	83.2	82.8	83.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	740	365	380	7.6	6.9	8.6
Public transit	200	180	25	2.1	3.4	0.6
Walked	435	200	240	4.5	3.8	5.4
Bicycle	50	40	15	0.5	0.8	0.3
Other method	190	130	65	2.0	2.5	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,700	5,280	4,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,260	2,555	2,700	54.2	48.4	61.1
15 to 29 minutes	2,360	1,230	1,120	24.3	23.3	25.3
30 to 44 minutes	890	560	330	9.2	10.6	7.5
45 to 59 minutes	465	325	135	4.8	6.2	3.1
60 minutes and over	730	595	130	7.5	11.3	2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,700	5,280	4,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,115	910	210	11.5	17.2	4.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,255	835	420	12.9	15.8	9.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,710	1,485	1,230	27.9	28.1	27.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,155	765	1,390	22.2	14.5	31.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	970	350	615	10.0	6.6	13.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,490	925	565	15.4	17.5	12.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,845	2,490	2,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	210	105	110	4.3	4.2	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,635	2,380	2,250	95.7	95.6	95.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,540	1,820	1,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	165	80	85	4.7	4.4	4.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55	25	30	1.6	1.4	1.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	110	55	55	3.1	3.0	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,370	1,740	1,635	95.2	95.6	95.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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