Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Ottawa - Gatineau (Ontario part)More information: Ontario [Census metropolitan area part] Remove						Ottawa - Gatineau (Quebec part)More information: Quebec [Census metropolitan area part] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,135,014	...	...	...	...	...	353,293	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,039,150^r	...	...	...	...	...	332,426^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	474,806	...	...	...	...	...	163,207	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	453,579	...	...	...	...	...	151,142	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	243.3	...	...	243.3	...	...	104.5	...	...	104.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,665.16	...	...	...	...	...	3,381.83	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,135,015	553,835	581,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	353,290	173,415	179,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	187,045	95,115	91,930	16.5	17.2	15.8	64,300	32,875	31,420	18.2	19.0	17.5
0 to 4 years	55,070	27,800	27,270	4.9	5.0	4.7	19,095	9,780	9,310	5.4	5.6	5.2
5 to 9 years	64,320	32,760	31,560	5.7	5.9	5.4	22,505	11,415	11,090	6.4	6.6	6.2
10 to 14 years	67,655	34,555	33,100	6.0	6.2	5.7	22,695	11,680	11,015	6.4	6.7	6.1
15 to 64 years	751,990	369,915	382,075	66.3	66.8	65.7	231,795	114,240	117,555	65.6	65.9	65.4
15 to 19 years	66,645	33,970	32,675	5.9	6.1	5.6	19,220	9,905	9,320	5.4	5.7	5.2
20 to 24 years	75,880	38,575	37,305	6.7	7.0	6.4	19,635	9,830	9,805	5.6	5.7	5.5
25 to 29 years	78,860	39,565	39,295	6.9	7.1	6.8	22,630	11,150	11,480	6.4	6.4	6.4
30 to 34 years	77,695	38,325	39,370	6.8	6.9	6.8	23,755	11,575	12,180	6.7	6.7	6.8
35 to 39 years	77,215	37,570	39,645	6.8	6.8	6.8	24,750	12,010	12,740	7.0	6.9	7.1
40 to 44 years	72,930	34,975	37,955	6.4	6.3	6.5	24,895	12,185	12,710	7.0	7.0	7.1
45 to 49 years	73,650	35,280	38,370	6.5	6.4	6.6	23,150	11,595	11,555	6.6	6.7	6.4
50 to 54 years	74,835	36,470	38,370	6.6	6.6	6.6	23,125	11,405	11,715	6.5	6.6	6.5
55 to 59 years	81,190	40,055	41,135	7.2	7.2	7.1	25,985	12,695	13,295	7.4	7.3	7.4
60 to 64 years	73,085	35,130	37,950	6.4	6.3	6.5	24,650	11,895	12,755	7.0	6.9	7.1
65 years and over	195,980	88,805	107,175	17.3	16.0	18.4	57,200	26,300	30,905	16.2	15.2	17.2
65 to 69 years	60,450	28,680	31,775	5.3	5.2	5.5	19,665	9,560	10,105	5.6	5.5	5.6
70 to 74 years	52,025	24,410	27,615	4.6	4.4	4.8	15,325	7,355	7,965	4.3	4.2	4.4
75 to 79 years	35,170	16,190	18,980	3.1	2.9	3.3	10,280	4,885	5,400	2.9	2.8	3.0
80 to 84 years	23,545	10,320	13,220	2.1	1.9	2.3	6,065	2,665	3,400	1.7	1.5	1.9
85 years and over	24,790	9,210	15,585	2.2	1.7	2.7	5,865	1,825	4,035	1.7	1.1	2.2
85 to 89 years	14,845	6,030	8,810	1.3	1.1	1.5	3,555	1,230	2,330	1.0	0.7	1.3
90 to 94 years	7,485	2,530	4,955	0.7	0.5	0.9	1,800	520	1,285	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	2,160	585	1,575	0.2	0.1	0.3	465	75	390	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	310	60	250	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.5	17.2	15.8	16.5	17.2	15.8	18.2	19.0	17.5	18.2	19.0	17.5
15 to 64 years	66.3	66.8	65.7	66.3	66.8	65.7	65.6	65.9	65.4	65.6	65.9	65.4
65 years and over	17.3	16.0	18.4	17.3	16.0	18.4	16.2	15.2	17.2	16.2	15.2	17.2
85 years and over	2.2	1.7	2.7	2.2	1.7	2.7	1.7	1.1	2.2	1.7	1.1	2.2
Average age of the population	40.9	40.0	41.8	40.9	40.0	41.8	40.4	39.6	41.1	40.4	39.6	41.1
Median age of the population	40.4	39.2	41.2	40.4	39.2	41.2	40.4	39.6	41.2	40.4	39.6	41.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	204,485	...	...	45.1	...	...	67,640	...	...	44.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	24,265	...	...	5.3	...	...	18,960	...	...	12.5	...	...
Row house	89,915	...	...	19.8	...	...	8,405	...	...	5.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	8,440	...	...	1.9	...	...	8,355	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	47,530	...	...	10.5	...	...	40,240	...	...	26.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	77,160	...	...	17.0	...	...	6,995	...	...	4.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	570	...	...	0.1	...	...	275	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,210	...	...	0.3	...	...	270	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	126,595	...	...	27.9	...	...	49,285	...	...	32.6	...	...
2 persons	153,730	...	...	33.9	...	...	51,065	...	...	33.8	...	...
3 persons	68,950	...	...	15.2	...	...	21,650	...	...	14.3	...	...
4 persons	66,095	...	...	14.6	...	...	19,010	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	38,220	...	...	8.4	...	...	10,135	...	...	6.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,116,795	546,355	570,440	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,165	176,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	947,970	458,715	489,250	100.0	100.0	100.0	288,995	140,535	148,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	537,835	268,715	269,115	56.7	58.6	55.0	161,045	80,380	80,670	55.7	57.2	54.3
Married	441,320	220,220	221,105	46.6	48.0	45.2	101,105	50,420	50,690	35.0	35.9	34.1
Living common-law	96,510	48,500	48,015	10.2	10.6	9.8	59,935	29,955	29,985	20.7	21.3	20.2
Living common law - Never married	72,080	36,135	35,940	7.6	7.9	7.3	48,145	23,900	24,250	16.7	17.0	16.3
Living common law - Separated	4,000	2,255	1,750	0.4	0.5	0.4	970	530	445	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	18,470	9,235	9,230	1.9	2.0	1.9	9,760	5,075	4,690	3.4	3.6	3.2
Living common law - Widowed	1,965	870	1,095	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,055	460	600	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	410,135	190,000	220,135	43.3	41.4	45.0	127,950	60,160	67,785	44.3	42.8	45.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	285,990	150,640	135,355	30.2	32.8	27.7	87,640	46,245	41,400	30.3	32.9	27.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	25,715	10,610	15,110	2.7	2.3	3.1	5,515	2,445	3,070	1.9	1.7	2.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	53,970	19,370	34,595	5.7	4.2	7.1	20,840	8,145	12,695	7.2	5.8	8.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	44,455	9,385	35,070	4.7	2.0	7.2	13,950	3,330	10,620	4.8	2.4	7.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	311,175	...	...	100.0	...	...	97,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	154,440	...	...	49.6	...	...	50,630	...	...	51.9	...	...
3 persons	64,960	...	...	20.9	...	...	20,530	...	...	21.1	...	...
4 persons	63,240	...	...	20.3	...	...	18,195	...	...	18.7	...	...
5 or more persons	28,530	...	...	9.2	...	...	8,165	...	...	8.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	311,175	...	...	100.0	...	...	97,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	262,440	...	...	84.3	...	...	78,990	...	...	81.0	...	...
Married couples	214,220	...	...	68.8	...	...	49,030	...	...	50.3	...	...
With children⁶	120,725	...	...	38.8	...	...	24,575	...	...	25.2	...	...
Without children	93,495	...	...	30.0	...	...	24,455	...	...	25.1	...	...
Common-law couples	48,220	...	...	15.5	...	...	29,965	...	...	30.7	...	...
With children⁶	15,540	...	...	5.0	...	...	14,935	...	...	15.3	...	...
Without children	32,680	...	...	10.5	...	...	15,030	...	...	15.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	48,730	...	...	15.7	...	...	18,525	...	...	19.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	38,265	...	...	12.3	...	...	13,745	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10,465	...	...	3.4	...	...	4,785	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,116,800	546,355	570,440	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,165	176,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	910,945	449,745	461,200	81.6	82.3	80.8	279,365	138,210	141,155	80.3	80.7	80.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	524,885	262,580	262,300	47.0	48.1	46.0	157,985	78,915	79,065	45.4	46.1	44.8
Parents in one-parent families	48,730	10,465	38,265	4.4	1.9	6.7	18,530	4,780	13,745	5.3	2.8	7.8
Children⁶	337,325	176,700	160,625	30.2	32.3	28.2	102,850	54,510	48,340	29.6	31.8	27.4
In a two-parent family	258,980	135,145	123,830	23.2	24.7	21.7	74,515	39,130	35,385	21.4	22.9	20.0
In a one-parent family	78,345	41,555	36,795	7.0	7.6	6.5	28,335	15,375	12,955	8.1	9.0	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	205,855	96,610	109,245	18.4	17.7	19.2	68,335	32,955	35,385	19.7	19.3	20.0
Living alone	126,595	55,425	71,170	11.3	10.1	12.5	49,280	23,035	26,250	14.2	13.5	14.9
Living with other relatives⁷	27,235	11,365	15,870	2.4	2.1	2.8	8,095	3,625	4,470	2.3	2.1	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	52,025	29,815	22,205	4.7	5.5	3.9	10,955	6,295	4,660	3.2	3.7	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	278,265	...	...	61.3	...	...	89,385	...	...	59.1	...	...
Couple-family households	239,175	...	...	52.7	...	...	73,740	...	...	48.8	...	...
With children⁶	124,420	...	...	27.4	...	...	36,960	...	...	24.5	...	...
Without children	114,750	...	...	25.3	...	...	36,780	...	...	24.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	39,095	...	...	8.6	...	...	15,640	...	...	10.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	11,020	...	...	2.4	...	...	2,495	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	2,130	...	...	0.5	...	...	495	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	12,265	...	...	2.7	...	...	3,610	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	23,310	...	...	5.1	...	...	5,875	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	126,595	...	...	27.9	...	...	49,280	...	...	32.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	929,955	451,345	478,610	100.0	100.0	100.0	283,425	138,305	145,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	892,280	432,035	460,240	95.9	95.7	96.2	274,925	133,895	141,025	97.0	96.8	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	56,000	45,200	50,000	56,000	45,200	47,600	50,400	45,600	47,600	50,400	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	892,810	432,290	460,520	96.0	95.8	96.2	275,075	133,980	141,095	97.1	96.9	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	48,400	40,800	44,000	48,400	40,800	41,200	42,800	39,600	41,200	42,800	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	814,570	401,020	413,550	87.6	88.8	86.4	251,160	123,885	127,265	88.6	89.6	87.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	54,000	40,400	46,800	54,000	40,400	42,000	46,400	38,400	42,000	46,400	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	662,080	336,220	325,860	71.2	74.5	68.1	206,685	104,420	102,265	72.9	75.5	70.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	52,800	42,400	47,200	52,800	42,400	44,000	46,400	41,200	44,000	46,400	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	789,955	375,230	414,720	84.9	83.1	86.7	215,495	98,400	117,095	76.0	71.1	80.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,850	5,000	8,500	6,850	5,000	8,500	10,200	9,300	11,100	10,200	9,300	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,030	27,565	36,465	6.9	6.1	7.6	28,285	14,295	13,990	10.0	10.3	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,480	6,000	5,720	5,480	6,000	5,640	5,480	5,960	5,640	5,480	5,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	217,710	105,470	112,235	23.4	23.4	23.5	69,660	37,085	32,570	24.6	26.8	22.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,250	8,000	8,000	7,250	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	929,885	451,205	478,675	100.0	100.0	100.0	283,465	138,310	145,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	892,320	432,010	460,315	96.0	95.7	96.2	274,975	133,970	141,010	97.0	96.9	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,900	72,300	56,000	63,900	72,300	56,000	55,450	59,350	51,750	55,450	59,350	51,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	892,830	432,260	460,570	96.0	95.8	96.2	275,160	134,075	141,075	97.1	96.9	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,050	57,750	46,760	52,050	57,750	46,760	45,080	47,360	42,920	45,080	47,360	42,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	814,465	401,485	412,980	87.6	89.0	86.3	251,265	124,095	127,175	88.6	89.7	87.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,850	70,000	51,950	60,850	70,000	51,950	50,560	55,500	45,760	50,560	55,500	45,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	662,080	336,805	325,275	71.2	74.6	68.0	206,705	104,615	102,090	72.9	75.6	70.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,900	67,100	52,450	59,900	67,100	52,450	50,640	54,000	47,200	50,640	54,000	47,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	790,090	375,425	414,675	85.0	83.2	86.6	215,970	98,605	117,365	76.2	71.3	80.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,420	8,310	10,420	9,420	8,310	10,420	11,780	10,820	12,590	11,780	10,820	12,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,100	27,175	35,925	6.8	6.0	7.5	29,305	14,765	14,540	10.3	10.7	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	5,860	7,960	7,060	5,860	7,960	7,300	5,980	8,650	7,300	5,980	8,650
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	216,425	104,945	111,480	23.3	23.3	23.3	70,055	37,285	32,760	24.7	27.0	22.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,030	9,020	9,040	9,030	9,020	9,040	8,460	8,310	8,630	8,460	8,310	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	929,890	451,205	478,680	100.0	100.0	100.0	283,465	138,315	145,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	350,340	189,695	160,645	37.7	42.0	33.6	108,675	55,955	52,720	38.3	40.5	36.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,000	82,000	72,000	77,000	82,000	72,000	67,000	70,000	64,500	67,000	70,000	64,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,400	96,700	80,800	89,400	96,700	80,800	72,900	76,900	68,800	72,900	76,900	68,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	235,315	108,805	126,515	25.3	24.1	26.4	74,450	36,540	37,910	26.3	26.4	26.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	18,000	16,400	17,200	18,000	16,400	18,600	20,000	17,200	18,600	20,000	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360	32,400	26,800	29,360	32,400	26,800	28,200	30,240	26,200	28,200	30,240	26,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.0	90.0	83.2	87.0	90.0	83.2	83.4	86.6	79.8	83.4	86.6	79.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.6	72.4	66.2	69.6	72.4	66.2	68.6	71.0	66.0	68.6	71.0	66.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.0	10.0	16.8	13.0	10.0	16.8	16.7	13.4	20.2	16.7	13.4	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.1	0.8	0.5	1.1	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	3.3	4.7	3.9	3.3	4.7	4.5	4.3	4.7	4.5	4.3	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	3.0	3.9	3.4	3.0	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	929,950	451,350	478,605	100.0	100.0	100.0	283,425	138,305	145,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	37,675	19,310	18,365	4.1	4.3	3.8	8,505	4,405	4,095	3.0	3.2	2.8
With total income	892,280	432,040	460,245	95.9	95.7	96.2	274,920	133,900	141,025	97.0	96.8	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	70,840	31,035	39,805	7.9	7.2	8.6	18,150	8,570	9,580	6.6	6.4	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	91,435	39,625	51,810	10.2	9.2	11.3	27,965	12,450	15,515	10.2	9.3	11.0
$20,000 to $29,999	110,570	48,525	62,040	12.4	11.2	13.5	36,445	16,655	19,785	13.3	12.4	14.0
$30,000 to $39,999	91,940	40,430	51,510	10.3	9.4	11.2	30,910	14,320	16,585	11.2	10.7	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	82,245	36,510	45,735	9.2	8.5	9.9	30,705	14,395	16,315	11.2	10.8	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	74,965	33,300	41,670	8.4	7.7	9.1	28,055	13,500	14,555	10.2	10.1	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	68,800	32,200	36,600	7.7	7.5	8.0	25,025	12,255	12,775	9.1	9.2	9.1
$70,000 to $79,999	58,635	29,400	29,235	6.6	6.8	6.4	19,735	9,820	9,915	7.2	7.3	7.0
$80,000 to $89,999	49,825	26,385	23,445	5.6	6.1	5.1	15,665	7,905	7,760	5.7	5.9	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	41,080	21,805	19,275	4.6	5.0	4.2	11,580	5,815	5,765	4.2	4.3	4.1
$100,000 and over	151,940	92,825	59,120	17.0	21.5	12.8	30,685	18,215	12,470	11.2	13.6	8.8
$100,000 to $149,999	105,845	61,075	44,770	11.9	14.1	9.7	23,825	13,730	10,090	8.7	10.3	7.2
$150,000 and over	46,095	31,755	14,345	5.2	7.4	3.1	6,860	4,480	2,380	2.5	3.3	1.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	929,950	451,350	478,605	100.0	100.0	100.0	283,425	138,305	145,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	37,145	19,055	18,090	4.0	4.2	3.8	8,350	4,320	4,030	2.9	3.1	2.8
With after-tax income	892,805	432,290	460,520	96.0	95.8	96.2	275,075	133,985	141,090	97.1	96.9	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	75,675	32,350	43,330	8.5	7.5	9.4	19,715	9,040	10,675	7.2	6.7	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	95,465	41,420	54,050	10.7	9.6	11.7	29,700	13,405	16,295	10.8	10.0	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	124,790	55,260	69,535	14.0	12.8	15.1	43,425	20,135	23,290	15.8	15.0	16.5
$30,000 to $39,999	108,825	48,875	59,955	12.2	11.3	13.0	39,760	18,925	20,835	14.5	14.1	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	100,100	44,610	55,485	11.2	10.3	12.0	39,215	18,975	20,235	14.3	14.2	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	91,135	42,470	48,665	10.2	9.8	10.6	33,800	16,730	17,070	12.3	12.5	12.1
$60,000 to $69,999	74,310	37,375	36,940	8.3	8.6	8.0	24,450	12,040	12,410	8.9	9.0	8.8
$70,000 to $79,999	60,360	32,100	28,260	6.8	7.4	6.1	17,025	8,520	8,505	6.2	6.4	6.0
$80,000 to $89,999	50,270	26,560	23,710	5.6	6.1	5.1	11,030	5,865	5,165	4.0	4.4	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	35,160	20,365	14,795	3.9	4.7	3.2	6,785	3,920	2,860	2.5	2.9	2.0
$100,000 and over	76,710	50,910	25,795	8.6	11.8	5.6	10,175	6,435	3,745	3.7	4.8	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	41,780	26,435	15,345	4.7	6.1	3.3	6,335	3,835	2,500	2.3	2.9	1.8
$125,000 and over	34,925	24,470	10,455	3.9	5.7	2.3	3,845	2,595	1,250	1.4	1.9	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	929,950	451,350	478,605	100.0	100.0	100.0	283,425	138,305	145,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	267,870	115,125	152,745	28.8	25.5	31.9	76,735	33,885	42,855	27.1	24.5	29.5
With employment income	662,080	336,220	325,860	71.2	74.5	68.1	206,690	104,420	102,270	72.9	75.5	70.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	85,735	41,475	44,260	12.9	12.3	13.6	23,850	12,090	11,750	11.5	11.6	11.5
$5,000 to $9,999	48,900	22,090	26,810	7.4	6.6	8.2	15,340	7,035	8,310	7.4	6.7	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	67,320	31,270	36,055	10.2	9.3	11.1	22,245	10,475	11,775	10.8	10.0	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	49,240	23,430	25,815	7.4	7.0	7.9	18,220	8,675	9,540	8.8	8.3	9.3
$30,000 to $39,999	46,105	22,310	23,800	7.0	6.6	7.3	16,895	8,370	8,525	8.2	8.0	8.3
$40,000 to $49,999	46,175	21,770	24,405	7.0	6.5	7.5	17,125	8,430	8,700	8.3	8.1	8.5
$50,000 to $59,999	46,925	21,950	24,975	7.1	6.5	7.7	17,730	8,720	9,005	8.6	8.4	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	46,465	22,100	24,370	7.0	6.6	7.5	17,500	8,615	8,885	8.5	8.3	8.7
$70,000 to $79,999	39,690	20,375	19,310	6.0	6.1	5.9	13,405	6,875	6,530	6.5	6.6	6.4
$80,000 to $89,999	36,490	19,445	17,045	5.5	5.8	5.2	12,290	6,255	6,030	5.9	6.0	5.9
$90,000 to $99,999	32,650	17,005	15,645	4.9	5.1	4.8	8,720	4,590	4,125	4.2	4.4	4.0
$100,000 and over	116,380	73,010	43,375	17.6	21.7	13.3	23,375	14,300	9,075	11.3	13.7	8.9
$100,000 to $124,999	57,080	32,740	24,345	8.6	9.7	7.5	13,410	7,910	5,505	6.5	7.6	5.4
$125,000 and over	59,300	40,270	19,030	9.0	12.0	5.8	9,965	6,390	3,575	4.8	6.1	3.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	929,955	451,345	478,610	100.0	100.0	100.0	283,425	138,305	145,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	872,240	421,865	450,375	93.8	93.5	94.1	269,035	130,775	138,255	94.9	94.6	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	54,000	42,400	47,600	54,000	42,400	45,600	48,800	42,800	45,600	48,800	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	872,690	421,925	450,765	93.8	93.5	94.2	269,230	130,805	138,420	95.0	94.6	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,800	38,000	42,000	46,800	38,000	39,200	41,600	37,200	39,200	41,600	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	799,740	393,545	406,195	86.0	87.2	84.9	246,655	121,710	124,945	87.0	88.0	86.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	53,200	40,400	46,000	53,200	40,400	42,000	46,400	38,000	42,000	46,400	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	657,780	333,225	324,555	70.7	73.8	67.8	205,605	103,615	101,990	72.5	74.9	70.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	51,200	41,600	46,000	51,200	41,600	43,200	46,400	40,400	43,200	46,400	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	742,365	353,150	389,215	79.8	78.2	81.3	197,050	87,930	109,125	69.5	63.6	75.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,590	870	3,560	1,590	870	3,560	6,750	4,560	8,200	6,750	4,560	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	47,115	19,095	28,020	5.1	4.2	5.9	24,335	12,500	11,835	8.6	9.0	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,280	6,600	6,000	5,280	6,600	5,200	4,880	6,240	5,200	4,880	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	929,885	451,205	478,675	100.0	100.0	100.0	283,465	138,310	145,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	871,710	421,550	450,165	93.7	93.4	94.0	268,970	130,760	138,215	94.9	94.5	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,400	68,900	52,400	60,400	68,900	52,400	53,050	57,550	48,800	53,050	57,550	48,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	872,150	421,595	450,555	93.8	93.4	94.1	269,135	130,790	138,345	94.9	94.6	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,160	54,950	43,760	49,160	54,950	43,760	43,040	45,880	40,360	43,040	45,880	40,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	799,500	393,760	405,740	86.0	87.3	84.8	246,810	121,945	124,865	87.1	88.2	86.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,800	68,900	50,920	59,800	68,900	50,920	50,720	56,150	45,480	50,720	56,150	45,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	657,990	333,475	324,510	70.8	73.9	67.8	205,575	103,710	101,865	72.5	75.0	70.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,350	65,700	50,800	58,350	65,700	50,800	50,440	54,250	46,560	50,440	54,250	46,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	741,640	353,000	388,640	79.8	78.2	81.2	196,785	87,720	109,065	69.4	63.4	75.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,530	5,425	7,540	6,530	5,425	7,540	8,880	7,780	9,760	8,880	7,780	9,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,820	19,525	28,295	5.1	4.3	5.9	24,810	12,845	11,970	8.8	9.3	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,790	6,325	8,790	7,790	6,325	8,790	7,690	6,075	9,430	7,690	6,075	9,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	929,890	451,205	478,680	100.0	100.0	100.0	283,465	138,315	145,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	347,970	188,260	159,710	37.4	41.7	33.4	108,155	55,605	52,555	38.2	40.2	36.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,000	77,500	66,500	72,000	77,500	66,500	63,600	67,500	60,800	63,600	67,500	60,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,700	90,200	73,900	82,700	90,200	73,900	68,500	72,900	63,900	68,500	72,900	63,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	218,615	100,755	117,855	23.5	22.3	24.6	69,305	34,105	35,195	24.4	24.7	24.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	23,400	21,000	22,000	23,400	21,000	23,800	26,000	22,000	23,800	26,000	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,440	38,080	31,360	34,440	38,080	31,360	33,120	35,560	30,800	33,120	35,560	30,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.8	93.4	87.6	90.8	93.4	87.6	87.8	91.0	84.2	87.8	91.0	84.2
Employment income (%)	73.0	75.4	69.8	73.0	75.4	69.8	72.6	74.8	70.4	72.6	74.8	70.4
Government transfers (%)	9.2	6.6	12.4	9.2	6.6	12.4	12.2	9.1	15.8	12.2	9.1	15.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.1	0.7	0.4	1.1	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	453,580	...	...	...	...	...	151,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	126,595	...	...	...	...	...	49,280	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	54,800	...	...	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	326,985	...	...	...	...	...	101,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	453,580	...	...	...	...	...	151,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	125,700	...	...	125,700	...	...	100,900	...	...	100,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	102,500	...	...	102,500	...	...	82,100	...	...	82,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	126,460	...	...	...	...	...	49,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	64,100	...	...	64,100	...	...	53,450	...	...	53,450	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,550	...	...	52,550	...	...	43,760	...	...	43,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	327,115	...	...	...	...	...	101,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	149,600	...	...	149,600	...	...	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,800	...	...	121,800	...	...	100,600	...	...	100,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	4,660	...	...	1.0	...	...	1,250	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,530	...	...	0.6	...	...	870	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,045	...	...	1.1	...	...	1,665	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	6,560	...	...	1.4	...	...	2,850	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	11,835	...	...	2.6	...	...	5,900	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,080	...	...	2.2	...	...	4,400	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10,415	...	...	2.3	...	...	4,465	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	11,490	...	...	2.5	...	...	5,170	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	11,985	...	...	2.6	...	...	5,505	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,385	...	...	2.7	...	...	5,565	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25,785	...	...	5.7	...	...	11,315	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	27,660	...	...	6.1	...	...	11,200	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,390	...	...	6.0	...	...	10,565	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	27,040	...	...	6.0	...	...	9,675	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,510	...	...	5.6	...	...	8,680	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	233,205	...	...	51.4	...	...	62,070	...	...	41.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	57,440	...	...	12.7	...	...	18,840	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45,815	...	...	10.1	...	...	13,770	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	61,535	...	...	13.6	...	...	16,705	...	...	11.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	68,415	...	...	15.1	...	...	12,760	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	5,240	...	...	1.2	...	...	1,385	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,610	...	...	0.6	...	...	890	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,180	...	...	1.1	...	...	1,725	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	6,835	...	...	1.5	...	...	3,045	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	12,700	...	...	2.8	...	...	6,535	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	11,605	...	...	2.6	...	...	5,400	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,435	...	...	2.7	...	...	5,655	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	13,900	...	...	3.1	...	...	6,850	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	14,605	...	...	3.2	...	...	7,275	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,595	...	...	3.4	...	...	7,040	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,120	...	...	7.3	...	...	14,245	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	33,525	...	...	7.4	...	...	13,150	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	32,960	...	...	7.3	...	...	12,015	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	31,615	...	...	7.0	...	...	10,940	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	29,890	...	...	6.6	...	...	9,690	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	191,770	...	...	42.3	...	...	45,290	...	...	30.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	61,305	...	...	13.5	...	...	18,435	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	44,740	...	...	9.9	...	...	11,810	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	85,735	...	...	18.9	...	...	15,055	...	...	10.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	310,020	...	...	...	...	...	97,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	117,125	...	...	...	...	...	37,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	136,940	...	...	...	...	...	39,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...	162,000	...	...	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	45,630	...	...	...	...	...	17,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	178,615	85,245	93,375	...	...	...	60,240	29,325	30,915	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	45,600	47,200	46,400	45,600	47,200	43,600	44,400	43,200	43,600	44,400	43,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	40,400	42,000	41,600	40,400	42,000	38,000	38,400	37,600	38,000	38,400	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	310,005	...	...	...	...	...	97,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,200	...	...	151,200	...	...	124,500	...	...	124,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	122,800	...	...	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	116,760	...	...	...	...	...	37,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	137,400	...	...	137,400	...	...	111,600	...	...	111,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...	89,700	...	...	89,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	137,270	...	...	...	...	...	39,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	184,400	...	...	184,400	...	...	157,600	...	...	157,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,600	...	...	148,600	...	...	126,800	...	...	126,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45,485	...	...	...	...	...	17,640	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,500	...	...	92,500	...	...	81,900	...	...	81,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,900	...	...	79,900	...	...	69,600	...	...	69,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	178,515	84,820	93,695	...	...	...	60,215	29,460	30,750	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,700	57,700	55,800	56,700	57,700	55,800	50,800	52,400	49,280	50,800	52,400	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,160	47,360	47,000	47,160	47,360	47,000	41,840	42,560	41,120	41,840	42,560	41,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,116,795	546,355	570,440	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,160	176,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	226,180	115,235	110,940	20.3	21.1	19.4	76,020	38,895	37,125	21.9	22.7	21.0
0 to 5 years	67,240	34,015	33,220	6.0	6.2	5.8	23,480	12,030	11,450	6.8	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years	707,675	346,370	361,305	63.4	63.4	63.3	218,825	107,360	111,465	62.9	62.7	63.1
65 years and over	182,945	84,750	98,185	16.4	15.5	17.2	52,855	24,910	27,955	15.2	14.6	15.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	95,880	44,960	50,920	...	...	...	32,615	15,355	17,265	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	22,900	11,655	11,245	...	...	...	6,650	3,415	3,230	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	7,435	3,765	3,665	...	...	...	2,375	1,230	1,140	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	55,950	26,555	29,390	...	...	...	18,605	9,070	9,535	...	...	...
65 years and over	17,030	6,750	10,280	...	...	...	7,365	2,870	4,490	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.6	8.2	8.9	8.6	8.2	8.9	9.4	9.0	9.8	9.4	9.0	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1	10.1	10.1	10.1	10.1	10.1	8.8	8.8	8.7	8.8	8.8	8.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.1	11.0	11.1	11.1	11.0	10.1	10.2	10.0	10.1	10.2	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.7	8.1	7.9	7.7	8.1	8.5	8.4	8.6	8.5	8.4	8.6
65 years and over (%)	9.3	8.0	10.5	9.3	8.0	10.5	13.9	11.5	16.1	13.9	11.5	16.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,116,800	546,355	570,440	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,165	176,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	226,180	115,235	110,945	20.3	21.1	19.4	76,015	38,900	37,120	21.9	22.7	21.0
0 to 5 years	67,240	34,020	33,220	6.0	6.2	5.8	23,480	12,035	11,445	6.8	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years	707,675	346,365	361,305	63.4	63.4	63.3	218,825	107,360	111,460	62.9	62.7	63.1
65 years and over	182,945	84,755	98,190	16.4	15.5	17.2	52,860	24,905	27,950	15.2	14.6	15.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	61,495	31,050	30,450	...	...	...	17,575	8,800	8,775	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	11,555	5,890	5,660	...	...	...	2,935	1,510	1,425	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	3,690	1,840	1,845	...	...	...	1,030	530	505	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	44,620	22,880	21,740	...	...	...	12,385	6,395	5,995	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,320	2,275	3,050	...	...	...	2,255	895	1,360	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.5	5.7	5.3	5.5	5.7	5.3	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.1	5.1	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.1	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.5	5.4	5.6	5.5	5.4	5.6	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.6	6.0	6.3	6.6	6.0	5.7	6.0	5.4	5.7	6.0	5.4
65 years and over (%)	2.9	2.7	3.1	2.9	2.7	3.1	4.3	3.6	4.9	4.3	3.6	4.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,116,795	546,355	570,440	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,165	176,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	422,530	202,305	220,230	37.8	37.0	38.6	164,850	79,330	85,515	47.4	46.3	48.4
In bottom decile	92,710	45,265	47,450	8.3	8.3	8.3	29,360	14,255	15,105	8.4	8.3	8.6
In second decile	77,400	36,315	41,090	6.9	6.6	7.2	28,785	13,540	15,250	8.3	7.9	8.6
In third decile	78,560	37,705	40,860	7.0	6.9	7.2	33,660	16,065	17,600	9.7	9.4	10.0
In fourth decile	82,495	39,290	43,205	7.4	7.2	7.6	35,540	17,200	18,345	10.2	10.0	10.4
In fifth decile	91,365	43,730	47,635	8.2	8.0	8.4	37,495	18,280	19,220	10.8	10.7	10.9
In top half of the distribution	694,260	344,055	350,210	62.2	63.0	61.4	182,850	91,830	91,020	52.6	53.6	51.6
In sixth decile	101,500	49,070	52,430	9.1	9.0	9.2	39,410	19,515	19,890	11.3	11.4	11.3
In seventh decile	114,670	55,940	58,735	10.3	10.2	10.3	39,495	19,750	19,745	11.4	11.5	11.2
In eighth decile	133,120	65,845	67,275	11.9	12.1	11.8	40,210	20,130	20,080	11.6	11.8	11.4
In ninth decile	163,985	81,685	82,295	14.7	15.0	14.4	37,940	19,255	18,690	10.9	11.2	10.6
In top decile	180,990	91,510	89,475	16.2	16.7	15.7	25,795	13,185	12,610	7.4	7.7	7.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,116,800	...	...	1,116,800	...	...	347,700	...	...	347,700	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.339	...	...	0.339	...	...	0.297	...	...	0.297	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.424	...	...	0.424	...	...	0.399	...	...	0.399	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.296	...	...	0.296	...	...	0.257	...	...	0.257	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,123,540	549,160	574,380	100.0	100.0	100.0	349,660	171,975	177,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	682,710	348,075	334,635	60.8	63.4	58.3	31,060	16,465	14,595	8.9	9.6	8.2
French only	16,715	7,035	9,680	1.5	1.3	1.7	90,680	41,000	49,685	25.9	23.8	28.0
English and French	408,500	188,020	220,480	36.4	34.2	38.4	225,925	113,680	112,245	64.6	66.1	63.2
Neither English nor French	15,615	6,035	9,580	1.4	1.1	1.7	1,995	840	1,160	0.6	0.5	0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,123,540	549,160	574,380	100.0	100.0	100.0	349,660	171,975	177,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	913,975	452,975	460,995	81.3	82.5	80.3	63,670	32,230	31,445	18.2	18.7	17.7
French	167,645	77,750	89,895	14.9	14.2	15.7	271,380	132,405	138,975	77.6	77.0	78.2
English and French	26,805	12,665	14,135	2.4	2.3	2.5	12,720	6,560	6,165	3.6	3.8	3.5
Neither English nor French	15,120	5,760	9,360	1.3	1.0	1.6	1,885	785	1,095	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,123,540	549,160	574,380	100.0	100.0	100.0	349,660	171,975	177,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	1,057,185	517,530	539,655	94.1	94.2	94.0	332,215	163,385	168,835	95.0	95.0	95.0
Official languages	820,290	404,710	415,575	73.0	73.7	72.4	296,315	145,975	150,340	84.7	84.9	84.6
English	668,715	333,905	334,815	59.5	60.8	58.3	46,950	23,930	23,020	13.4	13.9	13.0
French	151,570	70,805	80,765	13.5	12.9	14.1	249,365	122,045	127,320	71.3	71.0	71.7
Non-official languages	236,895	112,815	124,075	21.1	20.5	21.6	35,905	17,405	18,495	10.3	10.1	10.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	630	250	380	0.1	0.0	0.1	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	210	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	115	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	105	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	390	150	240	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	385	145	240	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	236,265	112,565	123,700	21.0	20.5	21.5	35,750	17,335	18,420	10.2	10.1	10.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	56,000	27,935	28,065	5.0	5.1	4.9	9,200	4,845	4,355	2.6	2.8	2.5
Berber languages	500	275	225	0.0	0.1	0.0	605	345	255	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	355	195	165	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	260	220	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamazight	125	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	80	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	7,615	3,295	4,325	0.7	0.6	0.8	330	140	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	210	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	7,150	3,055	4,095	0.6	0.6	0.7	320	140	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	165	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	47,770	24,305	23,465	4.3	4.4	4.1	8,165	4,310	3,855	2.3	2.5	2.2
Amharic	1,620	745	875	0.1	0.1	0.2	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	44,035	22,470	21,570	3.9	4.1	3.8	8,020	4,235	3,785	2.3	2.5	2.1
Aramaic languages	115	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	485	270	215	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,395	720	675	0.1	0.1	0.1	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,750	3,490	4,260	0.7	0.6	0.7	645	295	355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,100	495	610	0.1	0.1	0.1	230	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	6,640	2,995	3,645	0.6	0.5	0.6	420	185	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	8,780	3,330	5,450	0.8	0.6	0.9	840	310	525	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	145	55	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	345	115	235	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	165	60	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	725	295	430	0.1	0.1	0.1	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	375	145	230	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,555	2,480	4,075	0.6	0.5	0.7	530	190	345	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	145	50	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	4,480	1,920	2,555	0.4	0.3	0.4	1,505	685	825	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haitian Creole	3,340	1,420	1,915	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,220	560	665	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	230	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	765	315	450	0.1	0.1	0.1	205	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5,930	3,105	2,820	0.5	0.6	0.5	180	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	330	170	165	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	1,395	755	645	0.1	0.1	0.1	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	2,950	1,485	1,470	0.3	0.3	0.3	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	1,210	685	525	0.1	0.1	0.1	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	100,945	48,525	52,420	9.0	8.8	9.1	16,360	7,840	8,525	4.7	4.6	4.8
Albanian	775	395	380	0.1	0.1	0.1	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	460	230	235	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	21,355	9,545	11,805	1.9	1.7	2.1	3,365	1,590	1,780	1.0	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	420	175	250	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	225	95	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	195	80	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20,930	9,375	11,555	1.9	1.7	2.0	3,335	1,575	1,755	1.0	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	55	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	890	420	470	0.1	0.1	0.1	230	110	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	840	365	475	0.1	0.1	0.1	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	105	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5,345	2,355	2,995	0.5	0.4	0.5	455	185	270	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	7,515	3,325	4,190	0.7	0.6	0.7	1,040	465	575	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	3,595	1,715	1,880	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,265	655	615	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	720	345	370	0.1	0.1	0.1	260	135	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	1,015	470	545	0.1	0.1	0.1	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	1,780	855	925	0.2	0.2	0.2	745	385	355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	550	235	315	0.0	0.0	0.1	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	190	70	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,840	820	1,025	0.2	0.1	0.2	205	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	8,595	3,930	4,665	0.8	0.7	0.8	860	385	475	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5,225	2,315	2,910	0.5	0.4	0.5	580	245	335	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	4,850	2,135	2,715	0.4	0.4	0.5	520	225	300	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	245	105	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	130	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,600	1,255	1,345	0.2	0.2	0.2	205	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	230	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	2,265	1,085	1,175	0.2	0.2	0.2	175	85	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	705	330	380	0.1	0.1	0.1	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	295	130	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	140	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	255	125	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	2,040	1,055	990	0.2	0.2	0.2	145	85	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	36,285	18,590	17,695	3.2	3.4	3.1	1,605	820	785	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	25,340	13,145	12,195	2.3	2.4	2.1	685	350	340	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	4,005	2,010	2,000	0.4	0.4	0.3	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	2,875	1,655	1,225	0.3	0.3	0.2	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	4,280	2,260	2,020	0.4	0.4	0.4	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	150	55	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	480	240	240	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	1,005	495	510	0.1	0.1	0.1	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,690	3,020	2,670	0.5	0.5	0.5	170	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	930	445	485	0.1	0.1	0.1	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5,470	2,740	2,730	0.5	0.5	0.5	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10,935	5,435	5,500	1.0	1.0	1.0	920	475	450	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	795	405	390	0.1	0.1	0.1	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	1,290	665	625	0.1	0.1	0.1	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	8,780	4,325	4,450	0.8	0.8	0.8	775	395	380	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	2,345	1,130	1,210	0.2	0.2	0.2	195	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	5,800	2,875	2,930	0.5	0.5	0.5	510	255	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	635	325	310	0.1	0.1	0.1	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	31,345	14,740	16,605	2.8	2.7	2.9	10,225	4,880	5,345	2.9	2.8	3.0
Catalan	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	8,180	4,005	4,175	0.7	0.7	0.7	430	245	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	5,855	2,820	3,035	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,660	1,250	1,410	0.8	0.7	0.8
Romanian	2,695	1,210	1,485	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,110	535	575	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	14,535	6,670	7,860	1.3	1.2	1.4	6,015	2,845	3,170	1.7	1.7	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,000	310	695	0.1	0.1	0.1	115	30	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	2,700	1,170	1,530	0.2	0.2	0.3	190	70	120	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	7,835	3,565	4,270	0.7	0.6	0.7	3,855	1,855	2,005	1.1	1.1	1.1
Akan (Twi)	370	180	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	130	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	130	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	160	65	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	225	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	950	405	545	0.1	0.1	0.1	740	310	425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	390	165	225	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	80	100	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,915	860	1,055	0.2	0.2	0.2	920	440	475	0.3	0.3	0.3
Shona	125	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	1,455	655	800	0.1	0.1	0.1	485	240	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	150	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	165	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	645	315	330	0.1	0.1	0.1	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	695	320	375	0.1	0.1	0.1	455	235	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	355	175	185	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	180	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	265	145	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	195	105	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	34,465	16,090	18,380	3.1	2.9	3.2	2,180	985	1,195	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	33,605	15,675	17,925	3.0	2.9	3.1	2,165	975	1,190	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hakka	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	22,415	10,405	12,005	2.0	1.9	2.1	1,760	810	950	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	600	280	325	0.1	0.1	0.1	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	295	125	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	9,750	4,595	5,155	0.9	0.8	0.9	305	130	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	360	190	165	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	800	380	425	0.1	0.1	0.1	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	175	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	205	90	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	300	150	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	285	140	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	755	280	480	0.1	0.1	0.1	165	60	105	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	335	155	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	410	115	295	0.0	0.0	0.1	65	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	3,025	1,610	1,415	0.3	0.3	0.2	180	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	2,630	1,415	1,210	0.2	0.3	0.2	130	80	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,850	865	985	0.2	0.2	0.2	170	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	275	110	165	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	1,430	680	750	0.1	0.1	0.1	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	66,355	31,630	34,725	5.9	5.8	6.0	17,440	8,595	8,840	5.0	5.0	5.0
English and French	25,330	11,985	13,350	2.3	2.2	2.3	10,530	5,230	5,295	3.0	3.0	3.0
English and non-official language(s)	28,530	13,910	14,620	2.5	2.5	2.5	1,740	875	865	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	5,720	2,565	3,155	0.5	0.5	0.5	3,700	1,785	1,915	1.1	1.0	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,995	1,895	2,095	0.4	0.3	0.4	1,105	555	545	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	2,775	1,270	1,505	0.2	0.2	0.3	375	150	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,123,540	549,160	574,380	100.0	100.0	100.0	349,660	171,975	177,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	704,885	351,615	353,270	62.7	64.0	61.5	45,280	23,215	22,065	12.9	13.5	12.4
French	73,570	34,370	39,200	6.5	6.3	6.8	223,445	109,160	114,285	63.9	63.5	64.3
Non-official language	60,025	28,045	31,975	5.3	5.1	5.6	9,615	4,670	4,945	2.7	2.7	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	59,935	28,015	31,920	5.3	5.1	5.6	9,585	4,655	4,930	2.7	2.7	2.8
English and French	88,365	40,790	47,575	7.9	7.4	8.3	41,300	20,435	20,860	11.8	11.9	11.7
English and non-official language(s)	152,190	74,255	77,935	13.5	13.5	13.6	7,485	3,775	3,715	2.1	2.2	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	8,335	3,565	4,770	0.7	0.6	0.8	10,965	5,075	5,890	3.1	3.0	3.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	31,590	14,395	17,195	2.8	2.6	3.0	11,025	5,370	5,655	3.2	3.1	3.2
Multiple non-official languages	4,585	2,125	2,465	0.4	0.4	0.4	540	280	265	0.2	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,123,540	549,160	574,380	100.0	100.0	100.0	349,660	171,975	177,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	1,055,915	517,115	538,800	94.0	94.2	93.8	331,030	162,930	168,095	94.7	94.7	94.6
Official languages	929,915	456,910	473,005	82.8	83.2	82.4	312,375	153,825	158,545	89.3	89.4	89.2
English	827,450	409,505	417,945	73.6	74.6	72.8	60,920	30,855	30,065	17.4	17.9	16.9
French	102,465	47,405	55,065	9.1	8.6	9.6	251,455	122,975	128,480	71.9	71.5	72.3
Non-official languages	125,995	60,210	65,790	11.2	11.0	11.5	18,655	9,105	9,555	5.3	5.3	5.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	180	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125,820	60,125	65,690	11.2	10.9	11.4	18,610	9,080	9,525	5.3	5.3	5.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	32,460	15,640	16,825	2.9	2.8	2.9	5,060	2,580	2,475	1.4	1.5	1.4
Berber languages	210	110	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	135	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	145	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	4,265	1,770	2,490	0.4	0.3	0.4	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	3,980	1,625	2,355	0.4	0.3	0.4	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	120	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	27,955	13,740	14,210	2.5	2.5	2.5	4,640	2,365	2,280	1.3	1.4	1.3
Amharic	870	385	480	0.1	0.1	0.1	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25,975	12,795	13,180	2.3	2.3	2.3	4,585	2,340	2,245	1.3	1.4	1.3
Aramaic languages	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	185	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	810	410	390	0.1	0.1	0.1	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,645	2,120	2,520	0.4	0.4	0.4	310	155	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	515	235	285	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	4,130	1,890	2,240	0.4	0.3	0.4	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,470	1,935	2,535	0.4	0.4	0.4	330	150	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	175	75	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	395	180	215	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,455	1,490	1,965	0.3	0.3	0.3	190	85	105	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	2,300	945	1,360	0.2	0.2	0.2	580	255	325	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	1,695	690	1,005	0.2	0.1	0.2	475	210	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	405	150	255	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	3,640	1,865	1,780	0.3	0.3	0.3	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	175	90	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	820	445	370	0.1	0.1	0.1	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	1,935	935	1,000	0.2	0.2	0.2	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	700	390	305	0.1	0.1	0.1	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	47,010	22,845	24,170	4.2	4.2	4.2	9,070	4,385	4,685	2.6	2.5	2.6
Albanian	355	175	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	200	90	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	9,520	4,470	5,050	0.8	0.8	0.9	2,000	995	1,005	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	9,435	4,430	5,005	0.8	0.8	0.9	1,995	990	1,005	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	375	170	200	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	195	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,800	805	995	0.2	0.1	0.2	155	70	90	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	4,490	2,120	2,370	0.4	0.4	0.4	680	330	355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,625	785	835	0.1	0.1	0.1	870	450	415	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	320	155	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	335	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	965	470	495	0.1	0.1	0.1	570	300	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	155	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	705	330	370	0.1	0.1	0.1	100	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	820	390	425	0.1	0.1	0.1	200	70	130	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	25	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	520	235	290	0.0	0.0	0.1	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	460	200	260	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	220	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	140	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	605	280	325	0.1	0.1	0.1	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	21,925	11,085	10,840	2.0	2.0	1.9	970	495	475	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	15,130	7,820	7,310	1.3	1.4	1.3	410	200	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	2,430	1,190	1,235	0.2	0.2	0.2	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	1,635	935	695	0.1	0.2	0.1	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	2,315	1,205	1,105	0.2	0.2	0.2	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	200	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	710	355	355	0.1	0.1	0.1	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,875	2,060	1,815	0.3	0.4	0.3	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	505	240	265	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	3,260	1,625	1,635	0.3	0.3	0.3	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	6,790	3,265	3,525	0.6	0.6	0.6	560	290	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	460	210	245	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	870	420	450	0.1	0.1	0.1	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5,440	2,620	2,825	0.5	0.5	0.5	470	250	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	1,335	635	705	0.1	0.1	0.1	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	3,725	1,805	1,920	0.3	0.3	0.3	310	160	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	380	180	195	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	13,570	6,340	7,235	1.2	1.2	1.3	5,775	2,765	3,010	1.7	1.6	1.7
Catalan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,010	895	1,120	0.2	0.2	0.2	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	2,940	1,430	1,510	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,175	555	620	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	1,210	550	660	0.1	0.1	0.1	665	325	335	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	7,390	3,455	3,935	0.7	0.6	0.7	3,865	1,840	2,020	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	395	150	240	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	1,565	720	845	0.1	0.1	0.1	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,075	1,335	1,740	0.3	0.2	0.3	1,160	550	610	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	120	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	415	170	250	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	150	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,025	460	560	0.1	0.1	0.1	330	170	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	650	265	385	0.1	0.0	0.1	165	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	225	105	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	435	250	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	315	175	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	85	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	23,030	10,930	12,095	2.0	2.0	2.1	1,550	750	800	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	22,450	10,650	11,795	2.0	1.9	2.1	1,545	750	795	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	16,245	7,780	8,460	1.4	1.4	1.5	1,365	670	695	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	230	100	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5,540	2,545	2,995	0.5	0.5	0.5	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	175	105	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	535	255	280	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	140	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	210	100	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	200	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	300	120	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	170	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	1,920	1,015	905	0.2	0.2	0.2	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	60	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	1,725	920	810	0.2	0.2	0.1	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	395	180	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	360	165	195	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	67,630	32,050	35,580	6.0	5.8	6.2	18,630	9,045	9,580	5.3	5.3	5.4
English and French	21,435	9,810	11,620	1.9	1.8	2.0	11,100	5,455	5,645	3.2	3.2	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	38,065	18,600	19,470	3.4	3.4	3.4	2,215	1,095	1,120	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	3,570	1,530	2,040	0.3	0.3	0.4	3,675	1,680	1,995	1.1	1.0	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,835	1,770	2,065	0.3	0.3	0.4	1,535	770	765	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	725	340	385	0.1	0.1	0.1	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,123,540	549,155	574,380	100.0	100.0	100.0	349,655	171,975	177,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	893,000	439,945	453,060	79.5	80.1	78.9	293,775	144,585	149,185	84.0	84.1	84.0
English	71,190	34,140	37,045	6.3	6.2	6.4	23,855	11,895	11,960	6.8	6.9	6.7
French	53,285	24,735	28,545	4.7	4.5	5.0	14,525	6,990	7,535	4.2	4.1	4.2
Non-official language	71,835	34,155	37,680	6.4	6.2	6.6	9,295	4,485	4,805	2.7	2.6	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	445	170	280	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	71,385	33,985	37,400	6.4	6.2	6.5	9,200	4,440	4,760	2.6	2.6	2.7
English and French	5,135	2,365	2,770	0.5	0.4	0.5	2,325	1,170	1,155	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	9,340	4,575	4,760	0.8	0.8	0.8	2,950	1,455	1,500	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	11,555	5,210	6,340	1.0	0.9	1.1	1,920	890	1,020	0.5	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	580	295	290	0.1	0.1	0.1	195	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	7,630	3,745	3,890	0.7	0.7	0.7	820	400	420	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,116,800	546,285	570,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,135	176,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	1,101,215	540,270	560,940	98.6	98.9	98.3	345,660	170,205	175,445	99.4	99.5	99.4
English	1,084,840	533,280	551,560	97.1	97.6	96.7	255,570	129,475	126,090	73.5	75.7	71.4
French	422,840	193,690	229,155	37.9	35.5	40.2	315,025	154,120	160,905	90.6	90.1	91.1
Non-official languages	347,525	164,525	183,000	31.1	30.1	32.1	64,450	30,745	33,700	18.5	18.0	19.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,470	645	820	0.1	0.1	0.1	335	140	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	640	290	345	0.1	0.1	0.1	250	95	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	70	95	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	265	120	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	70	90	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	65	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	285	110	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	245	95	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	150	50	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	680	280	395	0.1	0.1	0.1	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	665	270	395	0.1	0.0	0.1	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	346,225	163,965	182,260	31.0	30.0	31.9	64,150	30,640	33,515	18.4	17.9	19.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	83,005	41,690	41,315	7.4	7.6	7.2	13,770	7,285	6,485	4.0	4.3	3.7
Berber languages	740	370	370	0.1	0.1	0.1	800	470	335	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	530	265	265	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	375	285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	205	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	110	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	410	215	195	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	170	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	310	160	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	155	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10,750	4,900	5,850	1.0	0.9	1.0	645	270	380	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	170	110	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	305	145	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10,060	4,520	5,540	0.9	0.8	1.0	605	255	350	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	295	160	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	73,075	37,170	35,905	6.5	6.8	6.3	12,700	6,760	5,945	3.7	4.0	3.4
Amharic	3,130	1,545	1,585	0.3	0.3	0.3	160	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	66,980	34,155	32,825	6.0	6.3	5.8	12,355	6,580	5,780	3.6	3.8	3.3
Aramaic languages	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	50	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	2,210	1,160	1,050	0.2	0.2	0.2	195	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	2,045	1,035	1,015	0.2	0.2	0.2	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10,005	4,610	5,395	0.9	0.8	0.9	840	370	470	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,530	665	860	0.1	0.1	0.2	305	140	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	8,550	3,965	4,585	0.8	0.7	0.8	530	225	310	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	12,640	4,980	7,655	1.1	0.9	1.3	1,415	530	885	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	180	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	665	245	420	0.1	0.0	0.1	115	25	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	375	175	200	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	1,450	570	880	0.1	0.1	0.2	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	880	385	490	0.1	0.1	0.1	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	70	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	55	100	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	380	160	225	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,710	4,120	6,595	1.0	0.8	1.2	1,080	405	675	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	110	30	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	530	225	300	0.0	0.0	0.1	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10,870	4,820	6,050	1.0	0.9	1.1	3,795	1,700	2,100	1.1	1.0	1.2
Haitian Creole	8,820	3,835	4,985	0.8	0.7	0.9	3,360	1,500	1,860	1.0	0.9	1.1
Jamaican English Creole	160	100	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	600	300	300	0.1	0.1	0.1	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,365	585	780	0.1	0.1	0.1	330	160	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	420	200	215	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	8,850	4,680	4,170	0.8	0.9	0.7	340	175	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	840	470	370	0.1	0.1	0.1	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	1,985	1,125	860	0.2	0.2	0.2	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	4,890	2,475	2,415	0.4	0.5	0.4	205	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	2,160	1,165	995	0.2	0.2	0.2	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	160,720	76,320	84,400	14.4	14.0	14.8	33,295	15,615	17,680	9.6	9.1	10.0
Albanian	980	525	460	0.1	0.1	0.1	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	780	410	375	0.1	0.1	0.1	130	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	27,605	12,735	14,870	2.5	2.3	2.6	4,705	2,290	2,410	1.4	1.3	1.4
Baltic languages	525	220	305	0.0	0.0	0.1	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	255	125	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	270	90	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	27,165	12,565	14,600	2.4	2.3	2.6	4,650	2,255	2,390	1.3	1.3	1.4
Belarusian	195	90	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	1,095	550	545	0.1	0.1	0.1	200	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	1,430	670	755	0.1	0.1	0.1	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	210	95	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	6,980	3,140	3,835	0.6	0.6	0.7	620	295	320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	11,885	5,660	6,225	1.1	1.0	1.1	2,000	995	1,005	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	4,790	2,260	2,535	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,745	835	915	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	1,405	680	725	0.1	0.1	0.1	480	215	265	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatian	2,185	1,010	1,175	0.2	0.2	0.2	655	305	350	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	2,695	1,310	1,390	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,245	590	645	0.4	0.3	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	965	400	560	0.1	0.1	0.1	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	235	120	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	3,325	1,445	1,880	0.3	0.3	0.3	460	215	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	500	245	255	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	315	170	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	18,875	8,950	9,930	1.7	1.6	1.7	2,675	1,370	1,315	0.8	0.8	0.7
Frisian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	13,875	6,585	7,295	1.2	1.2	1.3	2,160	1,110	1,050	0.6	0.6	0.6
German	13,435	6,370	7,060	1.2	1.2	1.2	2,125	1,095	1,030	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	335	140	195	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	310	150	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	4,010	1,880	2,140	0.4	0.3	0.4	395	190	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	720	360	355	0.1	0.1	0.1	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	3,190	1,475	1,720	0.3	0.3	0.3	365	170	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	120	40	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	1,575	800	780	0.1	0.1	0.1	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	525	200	320	0.0	0.0	0.1	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	380	225	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	730	410	315	0.1	0.1	0.1	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	95	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	3,075	1,585	1,490	0.3	0.3	0.3	275	150	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	52,745	27,070	25,675	4.7	5.0	4.5	2,445	1,275	1,170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	39,730	20,535	19,195	3.6	3.8	3.4	1,195	610	590	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5,420	2,800	2,620	0.5	0.5	0.5	125	80	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	4,490	2,505	1,990	0.4	0.5	0.3	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	18,730	9,845	8,885	1.7	1.8	1.6	510	225	285	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	340	150	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	275	105	165	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	1,215	590	625	0.1	0.1	0.1	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	1,280	655	630	0.1	0.1	0.1	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10,465	5,525	4,945	0.9	1.0	0.9	380	155	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	210	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,495	745	750	0.1	0.1	0.1	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10,585	5,380	5,215	0.9	1.0	0.9	400	225	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	305	185	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	14,155	7,140	7,020	1.3	1.3	1.2	1,370	740	630	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	1,090	550	540	0.1	0.1	0.1	190	120	75	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	2,055	1,050	1,005	0.2	0.2	0.2	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	11,905	6,050	5,850	1.1	1.1	1.0	1,180	615	565	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	3,495	1,790	1,700	0.3	0.3	0.3	340	175	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	7,870	3,945	3,925	0.7	0.7	0.7	710	380	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	770	430	345	0.1	0.1	0.1	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	60	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	63,590	28,225	35,370	5.7	5.2	6.2	24,500	11,200	13,300	7.0	6.5	7.5
Catalan	140	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15,835	7,405	8,430	1.4	1.4	1.5	1,910	965	950	0.5	0.6	0.5
Portuguese	9,135	4,340	4,795	0.8	0.8	0.8	3,960	1,955	2,005	1.1	1.1	1.1
Romanian	3,390	1,460	1,925	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,585	755	830	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	39,980	17,135	22,845	3.6	3.1	4.0	18,750	8,330	10,410	5.4	4.9	5.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	190	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	2,920	1,395	1,525	0.3	0.3	0.3	540	245	295	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	3,720	1,640	2,080	0.3	0.3	0.4	365	145	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	100	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	19,155	8,705	10,455	1.7	1.6	1.8	8,700	4,325	4,380	2.5	2.5	2.5
Akan (Twi)	870	395	470	0.1	0.1	0.1	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	360	210	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	145	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	210	95	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	95	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	335	155	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	290	285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ga	195	90	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	390	160	230	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	90	25	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	1,100	530	570	0.1	0.1	0.1	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,065	870	1,195	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,255	565	690	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lingala	3,165	1,305	1,865	0.3	0.2	0.3	1,635	830	810	0.5	0.5	0.5
Luba-Kasai	530	245	285	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	135	85	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,230	1,455	1,775	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,750	915	830	0.5	0.5	0.5
Shona	275	95	185	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	75	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5,460	2,595	2,870	0.5	0.5	0.5	1,975	1,105	880	0.6	0.6	0.5
Wojenaka	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	85	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wolof	415	210	205	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	415	415	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	2,285	1,130	1,160	0.2	0.2	0.2	160	95	65	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,975	1,465	1,515	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,810	955	855	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nilo-Saharan languages	700	315	390	0.1	0.1	0.1	190	70	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	155	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	100	25	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	450	210	240	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	70	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	180	75	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	2,275	835	1,445	0.2	0.2	0.3	415	165	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	1,970	685	1,290	0.2	0.1	0.2	170	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	165	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	80	145	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	255	120	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	41,360	19,315	22,050	3.7	3.5	3.9	2,875	1,310	1,560	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	40,470	18,855	21,615	3.6	3.5	3.8	2,870	1,310	1,555	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	225	100	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30,150	13,800	16,350	2.7	2.5	2.9	2,525	1,145	1,375	0.7	0.7	0.8
Min Dong	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,035	455	580	0.1	0.1	0.1	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	490	215	280	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	13,735	6,450	7,290	1.2	1.2	1.3	495	190	305	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	435	220	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	875	450	425	0.1	0.1	0.1	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	310	155	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	280	120	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	360	195	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	345	185	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,260	490	770	0.1	0.1	0.1	285	100	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	490	215	275	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	900	335	565	0.1	0.1	0.1	165	50	115	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	4,520	2,320	2,200	0.4	0.4	0.4	390	215	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	385	250	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	170	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	3,895	1,980	1,915	0.3	0.4	0.3	340	190	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	105	75	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	175	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	105	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	2,605	1,210	1,395	0.2	0.2	0.2	265	150	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	220	95	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	475	210	260	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	1,925	910	1,015	0.2	0.2	0.2	235	135	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	300	140	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,116,795	546,285	570,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,135	176,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	31,765	15,080	16,685	2.8	2.8	2.9	14,775	7,065	7,710	4.2	4.1	4.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	30,280	14,400	15,880	2.7	2.6	2.8	14,135	6,725	7,405	4.1	3.9	4.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	15,950	7,545	8,400	1.4	1.4	1.5	7,445	3,430	4,010	2.1	2.0	2.3
Métis	12,970	6,225	6,740	1.2	1.1	1.2	6,325	3,130	3,195	1.8	1.8	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	1,360	635	735	0.1	0.1	0.1	365	165	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	755	325	425	0.1	0.1	0.1	290	150	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	730	350	375	0.1	0.1	0.1	355	190	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	1,085,035	531,205	553,825	97.2	97.2	97.1	332,925	164,075	168,850	95.8	95.9	95.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,116,795	546,285	570,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,135	176,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	7,720	3,710	4,010	0.7	0.7	0.7	2,620	1,240	1,385	0.8	0.7	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,109,075	542,575	566,500	99.3	99.3	99.3	345,080	169,900	175,180	99.2	99.3	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	298,105	...	...	65.7	...	...	97,625	...	...	64.6	...	...
Renter	155,475	...	...	34.3	...	...	53,515	...	...	35.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	67,705	...	...	14.9	...	...	20,950	...	...	13.9	...	...
Not condominium	385,875	...	...	85.1	...	...	130,190	...	...	86.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	3,920	...	...	0.9	...	...	820	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	62,740	...	...	13.8	...	...	17,870	...	...	11.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	95,280	...	...	21.0	...	...	44,245	...	...	29.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	171,165	...	...	37.7	...	...	56,525	...	...	37.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	120,470	...	...	26.6	...	...	31,690	...	...	21.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	124,135	...	...	27.4	...	...	43,030	...	...	28.5	...	...
5 rooms	61,025	...	...	13.5	...	...	25,935	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	65,275	...	...	14.4	...	...	20,945	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	62,135	...	...	13.7	...	...	19,100	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,015	...	...	31.1	...	...	42,130	...	...	27.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	444,295	...	...	98.0	...	...	149,590	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	9,290	...	...	2.0	...	...	1,555	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	430,525	...	...	94.9	...	...	145,840	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	23,055	...	...	5.1	...	...	5,305	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	73,160	...	...	16.1	...	...	20,155	...	...	13.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	123,065	...	...	27.1	...	...	39,015	...	...	25.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	70,585	...	...	15.6	...	...	22,940	...	...	15.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	52,655	...	...	11.6	...	...	21,525	...	...	14.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	32,050	...	...	7.1	...	...	11,570	...	...	7.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	32,875	...	...	7.2	...	...	13,630	...	...	9.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	32,285	...	...	7.1	...	...	11,380	...	...	7.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	36,900	...	...	8.1	...	...	10,925	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	429,250	...	...	94.6	...	...	142,155	...	...	94.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	24,330	...	...	5.4	...	...	8,990	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	218,595	...	...	48.2	...	...	79,890	...	...	52.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	214,545	...	...	47.3	...	...	67,390	...	...	44.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20,440	...	...	4.5	...	...	3,860	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	15,260	...	...	3.4	...	...	4,965	...	...	3.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	68,010	...	...	15.0	...	...	23,450	...	...	15.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	80,180	...	...	17.7	...	...	29,100	...	...	19.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	84,685	...	...	18.7	...	...	27,795	...	...	18.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	90,845	...	...	20.0	...	...	31,165	...	...	20.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	67,170	...	...	14.8	...	...	21,980	...	...	14.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	35,310	...	...	7.8	...	...	10,200	...	...	6.7	...	...
85 years and over	12,110	...	...	2.7	...	...	2,485	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	450,675	...	...	100.0	...	...	150,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	362,425	...	...	80.4	...	...	127,915	...	...	85.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	88,255	...	...	19.6	...	...	22,520	...	...	15.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	78,870	...	...	17.5	...	...	20,415	...	...	13.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	453,580	...	...	100.0	...	...	151,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	123,460	...	...	27.2	...	...	34,315	...	...	22.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	77,900	...	...	17.2	...	...	20,425	...	...	13.5	...	...
Not suitable only	16,955	...	...	3.7	...	...	4,385	...	...	2.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	16,705	...	...	3.7	...	...	7,035	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,265	...	...	0.9	...	...	510	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	5,800	...	...	1.3	...	...	1,545	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,545	...	...	0.3	...	...	370	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	285	...	...	0.1	...	...	40	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	330,125	...	...	72.8	...	...	116,830	...	...	77.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	441,300	...	...	100.0	...	...	148,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	47,480	...	...	10.8	...	...	7,770	...	...	5.2	...	...
Not in core need	393,815	...	...	89.2	...	...	140,560	...	...	94.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	297,050	...	...	...	...	...	97,380	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.5	...	...	60.5	...	...	68.6	...	...	68.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.5	...	...	11.5	...	...	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,550	...	...	1,550	...	...	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,648	...	...	1,648	...	...	1,298	...	...	1,298	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	654,000	...	...	654,000	...	...	373,600	...	...	373,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	155,410	...	...	...	...	...	53,505	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.2	...	...	35.2	...	...	25.6	...	...	25.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.3	...	...	23.3	...	...	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...	900	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,412	...	...	1,412	...	...	959	...	...	959	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,116,795	546,285	570,515	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,135	176,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10,065	4,775	5,290	0.9	0.9	0.9	11,490	5,420	6,065	3.3	3.2	3.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	9,755	4,645	5,110	0.9	0.9	0.9	11,360	5,380	5,980	3.3	3.1	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	6,410	3,075	3,330	0.6	0.6	0.6	9,155	4,435	4,720	2.6	2.6	2.7
Métis single ancestry	2,530	1,210	1,320	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,990	865	1,125	0.6	0.5	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	820	360	460	0.1	0.1	0.1	215	75	135	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	310	125	185	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	40	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	250	95	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	40	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	39,900	18,670	21,230	3.6	3.4	3.7	19,065	8,970	10,100	5.5	5.2	5.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	38,995	18,345	20,650	3.5	3.4	3.6	18,785	8,850	9,935	5.4	5.2	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	28,275	13,235	15,045	2.5	2.4	2.6	15,520	7,260	8,260	4.5	4.2	4.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	9,935	4,735	5,200	0.9	0.9	0.9	3,050	1,515	1,535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	790	375	415	0.1	0.1	0.1	210	70	135	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	905	330	580	0.1	0.1	0.1	280	120	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	805	305	500	0.1	0.1	0.1	245	105	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	10	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,066,830	522,840	543,990	95.5	95.7	95.4	317,155	156,745	160,405	91.2	91.6	90.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,116,800	546,285	570,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,135	176,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,019,540	498,345	521,195	91.3	91.2	91.4	328,895	161,720	167,175	94.6	94.5	94.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	209,135	106,295	102,845	18.7	19.5	18.0	72,660	36,985	35,675	20.9	21.6	20.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	810,405	392,055	418,350	72.6	71.8	73.3	256,230	124,735	131,500	73.7	72.9	74.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	97,255	47,940	49,320	8.7	8.8	8.6	18,805	9,415	9,390	5.4	5.5	5.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,116,800	546,285	570,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,135	176,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	819,935	404,665	415,270	73.4	74.1	72.8	295,560	145,670	149,885	85.0	85.1	84.9
Immigrants⁸¹	267,060	126,045	141,020	23.9	23.1	24.7	46,785	22,665	24,115	13.5	13.2	13.7
Before 1980	45,745	22,035	23,705	4.1	4.0	4.2	4,125	2,175	1,950	1.2	1.3	1.1
1980 to 1990	30,850	14,490	16,355	2.8	2.7	2.9	3,895	1,950	1,940	1.1	1.1	1.1
1991 to 2000	52,770	24,630	28,140	4.7	4.5	4.9	7,340	3,445	3,895	2.1	2.0	2.2
2001 to 2010	57,480	26,045	31,435	5.1	4.8	5.5	13,055	6,205	6,850	3.8	3.6	3.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	80,220	38,835	41,380	7.2	7.1	7.3	18,370	8,885	9,480	5.3	5.2	5.4
2011 to 2015	32,050	14,975	17,075	2.9	2.7	3.0	8,245	3,940	4,310	2.4	2.3	2.4
2016 to 2021	48,175	23,860	24,310	4.3	4.4	4.3	10,125	4,955	5,175	2.9	2.9	2.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	29,800	15,580	14,225	2.7	2.9	2.5	5,360	2,795	2,560	1.5	1.6	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	267,060	126,045	141,020	100.0	100.0	100.0	46,785	22,665	24,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	26,670	13,215	13,460	10.0	10.5	9.5	5,025	2,410	2,615	10.7	10.6	10.8
5 to 14 years	48,720	24,735	23,990	18.2	19.6	17.0	8,365	4,205	4,165	17.9	18.6	17.3
15 to 24 years	49,050	22,000	27,055	18.4	17.5	19.2	7,485	3,455	4,025	16.0	15.2	16.7
25 to 44 years	118,915	55,360	63,555	44.5	43.9	45.1	22,930	11,145	11,780	49.0	49.2	48.8
45 years and over	23,700	10,730	12,970	8.9	8.5	9.2	2,980	1,450	1,535	6.4	6.4	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	267,060	126,045	141,020	100.0	100.0	100.0	46,785	22,665	24,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	38,175	16,815	21,360	14.3	13.3	15.1	9,220	4,110	5,115	19.7	18.1	21.2
Brazil	2,065	970	1,100	0.8	0.8	0.8	375	175	200	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombia	1,780	760	1,020	0.7	0.6	0.7	1,760	755	1,000	3.8	3.3	4.1
El Salvador	2,090	980	1,115	0.8	0.8	0.8	550	265	285	1.2	1.2	1.2
Guyana	1,305	575	730	0.5	0.5	0.5	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	6,935	2,915	4,020	2.6	2.3	2.9	2,550	1,130	1,420	5.5	5.0	5.9
Jamaica	3,275	1,395	1,875	1.2	1.1	1.3	165	75	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mexico	1,770	705	1,070	0.7	0.6	0.8	595	225	375	1.3	1.0	1.6
Peru	805	325	480	0.3	0.3	0.3	350	155	195	0.7	0.7	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	1,330	550	785	0.5	0.4	0.6	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
United States of America	9,490	4,385	5,100	3.6	3.5	3.6	1,010	470	545	2.2	2.1	2.3
Other places of birth in Americas	7,325	3,260	4,060	2.7	2.6	2.9	1,745	800	950	3.7	3.5	3.9
Europe	58,440	27,805	30,635	21.9	22.1	21.7	10,620	5,265	5,355	22.7	23.2	22.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,680	810	865	0.6	0.6	0.6	850	395	460	1.8	1.7	1.9
Croatia	795	340	455	0.3	0.3	0.3	245	130	110	0.5	0.6	0.5
France	2,785	1,275	1,515	1.0	1.0	1.1	2,375	1,210	1,165	5.1	5.3	4.8
Germany	3,835	1,740	2,100	1.4	1.4	1.5	415	210	205	0.9	0.9	0.9
Greece	845	440	410	0.3	0.3	0.3	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	770	355	415	0.3	0.3	0.3	75	50	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italy	4,760	2,400	2,365	1.8	1.9	1.7	240	165	75	0.5	0.7	0.3
Netherlands	1,980	1,015	960	0.7	0.8	0.7	130	55	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Poland	4,165	1,770	2,395	1.6	1.4	1.7	315	120	195	0.7	0.5	0.8
Portugal	2,090	1,070	1,015	0.8	0.8	0.7	1,390	705	685	3.0	3.1	2.8
Romania	2,615	1,140	1,475	1.0	0.9	1.0	1,060	515	540	2.3	2.3	2.2
Russian Federation	3,305	1,455	1,850	1.2	1.2	1.3	440	160	285	0.9	0.7	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	785	355	435	0.3	0.3	0.3	195	90	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ukraine	2,530	1,135	1,395	0.9	0.9	1.0	475	225	250	1.0	1.0	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	16,575	8,375	8,200	6.2	6.6	5.8	870	470	405	1.9	2.1	1.7
Other places of birth in Europe	8,915	4,130	4,785	3.3	3.3	3.4	1,500	740	760	3.2	3.3	3.2
Africa	45,030	21,480	23,555	16.9	17.0	16.7	16,585	8,275	8,310	35.4	36.5	34.5
Algeria	1,915	955	960	0.7	0.8	0.7	1,490	785	710	3.2	3.5	2.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	4,080	1,780	2,305	1.5	1.4	1.6	1,720	870	850	3.7	3.8	3.5
Egypt	4,480	2,380	2,100	1.7	1.9	1.5	400	230	170	0.9	1.0	0.7
Eritrea	1,535	850	680	0.6	0.7	0.5	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopia	2,825	1,355	1,475	1.1	1.1	1.0	135	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	2,700	1,375	1,320	1.0	1.1	0.9	2,040	1,030	1,005	4.4	4.5	4.2
Nigeria	3,290	1,695	1,595	1.2	1.3	1.1	150	80	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Somalia	4,530	1,790	2,745	1.7	1.4	1.9	180	75	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	1,335	630	705	0.5	0.5	0.5	90	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	18,345	8,675	9,675	6.9	6.9	6.9	10,360	5,080	5,285	22.1	22.4	21.9
Asia	124,425	59,420	65,005	46.6	47.1	46.1	10,220	4,940	5,285	21.8	21.8	21.9
Afghanistan	2,865	1,410	1,455	1.1	1.1	1.0	250	135	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	6,055	3,060	2,990	2.3	2.4	2.1	585	305	275	1.3	1.3	1.1
Iraq	4,470	2,275	2,195	1.7	1.8	1.6	280	150	130	0.6	0.7	0.5
Lebanon	12,010	6,180	5,830	4.5	4.9	4.1	2,480	1,295	1,180	5.3	5.7	4.9
Syria⁸⁹	6,430	3,290	3,140	2.4	2.6	2.2	650	345	300	1.4	1.5	1.2
Turkey	1,710	895	820	0.6	0.7	0.6	175	90	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	20,445	8,895	11,545	7.7	7.1	8.2	1,580	680	900	3.4	3.0	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	3,235	1,610	1,625	1.2	1.3	1.2	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	2,235	1,000	1,240	0.8	0.8	0.9	235	85	150	0.5	0.4	0.6
Taiwan	1,030	465	570	0.4	0.4	0.4	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	10,675	4,140	6,530	4.0	3.3	4.6	1,130	455	670	2.4	2.0	2.8
Viet Nam	6,215	2,835	3,375	2.3	2.2	2.4	355	140	210	0.8	0.6	0.9
Bangladesh	3,275	1,655	1,615	1.2	1.3	1.1	80	60	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
India	16,485	8,525	7,960	6.2	6.8	5.6	485	245	245	1.0	1.1	1.0
Pakistan	5,590	2,780	2,810	2.1	2.2	2.0	235	130	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
Sri Lanka	2,950	1,435	1,515	1.1	1.1	1.1	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	18,745	8,960	9,780	7.0	7.1	6.9	1,495	705	790	3.2	3.1	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	995	525	470	0.4	0.4	0.3	135	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	48,170	23,860	24,310	100.0	100.0	100.0	10,125	4,950	5,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,260	2,480	2,775	10.9	10.4	11.4	1,240	610	625	12.2	12.3	12.1
Brazil	775	385	390	1.6	1.6	1.6	85	40	45	0.8	0.8	0.9
Colombia	270	105	165	0.6	0.4	0.7	250	115	135	2.5	2.3	2.6
Haiti	995	420	575	2.1	1.8	2.4	370	200	170	3.7	4.0	3.3
Jamaica	210	110	100	0.4	0.5	0.4	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	335	150	190	0.7	0.6	0.8	85	30	55	0.8	0.6	1.1
United States of America	1,670	845	825	3.5	3.5	3.4	125	70	50	1.2	1.4	1.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	120	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Other places of birth in Americas	885	420	470	1.8	1.8	1.9	280	135	145	2.8	2.7	2.8
Europe	3,800	1,945	1,860	7.9	8.2	7.7	1,220	630	595	12.0	12.7	11.5
France	510	245	270	1.1	1.0	1.1	480	255	230	4.7	5.2	4.4
Germany	195	130	65	0.4	0.5	0.3	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	140	100	40	0.3	0.4	0.2	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	65	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	485	215	275	1.0	0.9	1.1	70	25	45	0.7	0.5	0.9
Ukraine	515	250	260	1.1	1.0	1.1	155	80	70	1.5	1.6	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	730	430	300	1.5	1.8	1.2	95	50	40	0.9	1.0	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	1,155	535	625	2.4	2.2	2.6	395	215	185	3.9	4.3	3.6
Africa	12,870	6,360	6,510	26.7	26.7	26.8	4,720	2,250	2,475	46.6	45.5	47.8
Algeria	625	315	315	1.3	1.3	1.3	200	105	95	2.0	2.1	1.8
Burundi	1,300	600	705	2.7	2.5	2.9	585	325	260	5.8	6.6	5.0
Cameroon	480	230	250	1.0	1.0	1.0	750	320	435	7.4	6.5	8.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,060	480	580	2.2	2.0	2.4	410	200	210	4.0	4.0	4.1
Côte d'Ivoire	275	115	155	0.6	0.5	0.6	595	295	300	5.9	6.0	5.8
Egypt	685	370	310	1.4	1.6	1.3	95	55	45	0.9	1.1	0.9
Eritrea	580	300	275	1.2	1.3	1.1	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	440	200	235	0.9	0.8	1.0	35	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Morocco	955	500	460	2.0	2.1	1.9	340	160	180	3.4	3.2	3.5
Nigeria	1,840	945	895	3.8	4.0	3.7	65	30	35	0.6	0.6	0.7
Somalia	570	295	275	1.2	1.2	1.1	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	370	165	205	0.8	0.7	0.8	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	175	120	55	0.4	0.5	0.2	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	470	220	245	1.0	0.9	1.0	245	100	150	2.4	2.0	2.9
Other places of birth in Africa	3,050	1,505	1,550	6.3	6.3	6.4	1,370	620	750	13.5	12.5	14.5
Asia	26,100	13,000	13,100	54.2	54.5	53.9	2,910	1,430	1,480	28.7	28.9	28.6
Afghanistan	755	380	375	1.6	1.6	1.5	40	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bangladesh	580	250	330	1.2	1.0	1.4	35	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
China⁹⁰	3,240	1,415	1,825	6.7	5.9	7.5	370	180	185	3.7	3.6	3.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
India	5,730	3,155	2,580	11.9	13.2	10.6	275	140	135	2.7	2.8	2.6
Iran⁸⁸	825	425	400	1.7	1.8	1.6	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Iraq	970	495	480	2.0	2.1	2.0	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Israel	145	85	55	0.3	0.4	0.2	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Japan	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jordan	355	150	205	0.7	0.6	0.8	35	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	315	125	185	0.7	0.5	0.8	105	45	55	1.0	0.9	1.1
Lebanon	1,050	555	490	2.2	2.3	2.0	230	110	120	2.3	2.2	2.3
Nepal	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	935	460	480	1.9	1.9	2.0	110	55	55	1.1	1.1	1.1
Philippines	2,120	920	1,195	4.4	3.9	4.9	790	380	410	7.8	7.7	7.9
Saudi Arabia	580	320	265	1.2	1.3	1.1	55	25	35	0.5	0.5	0.7
Sri Lanka	275	120	155	0.6	0.5	0.6	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	4,495	2,340	2,155	9.3	9.8	8.9	440	230	210	4.3	4.6	4.1
Turkey	720	375	345	1.5	1.6	1.4	60	30	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
United Arab Emirates	570	290	275	1.2	1.2	1.1	50	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Viet Nam	475	195	280	1.0	0.8	1.2	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	1,710	840	870	3.5	3.5	3.6	200	85	120	2.0	1.7	2.3
Oceania and other⁹³	135	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3	35	30	10	0.3	0.6	0.2
Australia	105	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1	25	25	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,116,795	546,285	570,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,135	176,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	312,745	149,520	163,220	28.0	27.4	28.6	55,185	26,940	28,250	15.9	15.7	16.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	223,370	111,675	111,700	20.0	20.4	19.6	35,050	17,400	17,655	10.1	10.2	10.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	580,680	285,095	295,590	52.0	52.2	51.8	257,460	126,800	130,660	74.0	74.1	74.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	221,315	104,010	117,305	100.0	100.0	100.0	42,660	20,495	22,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	106,320	53,310	53,010	48.0	51.3	45.2	21,305	10,830	10,475	49.9	52.8	47.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45,425	27,595	17,835	20.5	26.5	15.2	9,700	5,630	4,070	22.7	27.5	18.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	60,895	25,720	35,175	27.5	24.7	30.0	11,605	5,200	6,405	27.2	25.4	28.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	58,085	23,035	35,050	26.2	22.1	29.9	10,885	4,540	6,345	25.5	22.2	28.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	53,685	26,340	27,350	24.3	25.3	23.3	10,015	4,935	5,080	23.5	24.1	22.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,225	1,325	1,900	1.5	1.3	1.6	450	185	265	1.1	0.9	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	221,315	104,010	117,305	100.0	100.0	100.0	42,660	20,495	22,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20,670	9,850	10,820	9.3	9.5	9.2	3,470	1,700	1,765	8.1	8.3	8.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	18,715	8,285	10,425	8.5	8.0	8.9	2,665	1,300	1,365	6.2	6.3	6.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	7,085	3,665	3,425	3.2	3.5	2.9	1,180	655	530	2.8	3.2	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	14,815	7,725	7,090	6.7	7.4	6.0	2,260	1,220	1,040	5.3	6.0	4.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,435	550	885	0.6	0.5	0.8	230	95	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	158,595	73,935	84,660	71.7	71.1	72.2	32,845	15,520	17,330	77.0	75.7	78.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,116,795	546,285	570,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,135	176,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	330,515	160,590	169,925	29.6	29.4	29.8	56,410	27,290	29,120	16.2	15.9	16.5
South Asian	58,745	30,405	28,340	5.3	5.6	5.0	2,035	1,020	1,015	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese	46,620	21,805	24,815	4.2	4.0	4.3	3,410	1,375	2,035	1.0	0.8	1.2
Black	86,675	41,235	45,440	7.8	7.5	8.0	27,550	13,450	14,105	7.9	7.9	8.0
Filipino	14,660	6,185	8,475	1.3	1.1	1.5	1,445	590	855	0.4	0.3	0.5
Arab	58,770	30,155	28,615	5.3	5.5	5.0	10,445	5,505	4,940	3.0	3.2	2.8
Latin American	14,745	6,770	7,975	1.3	1.2	1.4	5,880	2,665	3,215	1.7	1.6	1.8
Southeast Asian	15,170	7,170	8,000	1.4	1.3	1.4	1,720	750	970	0.5	0.4	0.5
West Asian	13,370	6,755	6,615	1.2	1.2	1.2	1,155	600	550	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korean	4,240	1,970	2,270	0.4	0.4	0.4	435	205	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	2,460	1,065	1,395	0.2	0.2	0.2	290	145	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,915	1,795	2,120	0.4	0.3	0.4	515	230	285	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	11,145	5,265	5,880	1.0	1.0	1.0	1,520	745	775	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	786,285	385,700	400,590	70.4	70.6	70.2	291,295	143,845	147,445	83.8	84.1	83.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,116,800	546,285	570,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,705	171,135	176,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	138,240	69,270	68,970	12.4	12.7	12.1	95,030	46,435	48,595	27.3	27.1	27.5
English	180,215	88,555	91,655	16.1	16.2	16.1	15,975	8,240	7,735	4.6	4.8	4.4
Irish	224,470	107,425	117,045	20.1	19.7	20.5	31,850	15,200	16,655	9.2	8.9	9.4
Scottish	187,240	91,995	95,240	16.8	16.8	16.7	16,930	8,335	8,595	4.9	4.9	4.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	165,085	79,940	85,145	14.8	14.6	14.9	84,945	42,325	42,620	24.4	24.7	24.1
German	85,425	41,985	43,440	7.6	7.7	7.6	10,290	5,045	5,240	3.0	2.9	3.0
Chinese	48,565	22,620	25,945	4.3	4.1	4.5	3,885	1,595	2,290	1.1	0.9	1.3
Italian	49,430	24,630	24,795	4.4	4.5	4.3	6,520	3,285	3,235	1.9	1.9	1.8
Indian (India)	32,195	16,580	15,620	2.9	3.0	2.7	1,605	730	875	0.5	0.4	0.5
Ukrainian	26,015	12,570	13,445	2.3	2.3	2.4	2,280	1,090	1,195	0.7	0.6	0.7
Dutch	30,500	14,720	15,780	2.7	2.7	2.8	2,170	1,010	1,165	0.6	0.6	0.7
Polish	34,005	16,220	17,790	3.0	3.0	3.1	3,110	1,535	1,580	0.9	0.9	0.9
Québécois	7,580	3,620	3,960	0.7	0.7	0.7	29,500	14,865	14,635	8.5	8.7	8.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	43,765	21,270	22,495	3.9	3.9	3.9	3,185	1,560	1,620	0.9	0.9	0.9
Filipino	14,680	6,250	8,430	1.3	1.1	1.5	1,495	650	840	0.4	0.4	0.5
French Canadian	38,545	18,165	20,385	3.5	3.3	3.6	24,910	12,380	12,530	7.2	7.2	7.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	23,965	11,860	12,105	2.1	2.2	2.1	8,580	4,270	4,310	2.5	2.5	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	13,880	6,590	7,290	1.2	1.2	1.3	10,825	5,150	5,675	3.1	3.0	3.2
Métis	13,570	6,365	7,205	1.2	1.2	1.3	5,410	2,530	2,880	1.6	1.5	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	17,355	8,650	8,700	1.6	1.6	1.5	5,905	2,885	3,010	1.7	1.7	1.7
Russian	13,885	6,490	7,400	1.2	1.2	1.3	1,585	735	845	0.5	0.4	0.5
Norwegian	7,600	3,760	3,840	0.7	0.7	0.7	900	485	415	0.3	0.3	0.2
Welsh	18,665	9,165	9,500	1.7	1.7	1.7	1,295	635	660	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	10,375	5,125	5,245	0.9	0.9	0.9	4,670	2,375	2,300	1.3	1.4	1.3
American	12,170	5,925	6,240	1.1	1.1	1.1	2,005	980	1,025	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	11,805	5,365	6,435	1.1	1.0	1.1	3,305	1,600	1,705	1.0	0.9	1.0
Swedish	7,290	3,605	3,685	0.7	0.7	0.6	670	300	370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	8,990	4,330	4,660	0.8	0.8	0.8	935	445	485	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	8,330	3,945	4,385	0.7	0.7	0.8	4,180	2,090	2,090	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pakistani	7,590	3,795	3,795	0.7	0.7	0.7	295	170	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15,455	7,420	8,030	1.4	1.4	1.4	5,185	2,635	2,550	1.5	1.5	1.4
Jewish	11,040	5,660	5,380	1.0	1.0	0.9	825	495	330	0.2	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	3,490	1,870	1,615	0.3	0.3	0.3	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10,200	4,875	5,330	0.9	0.9	0.9	965	400	570	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	21,750	11,120	10,635	1.9	2.0	1.9	3,445	1,790	1,655	1.0	1.0	0.9
Greek	7,655	4,020	3,635	0.7	0.7	0.6	895	460	435	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	7,040	3,450	3,585	0.6	0.6	0.6	725	370	350	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	5,150	2,425	2,730	0.5	0.4	0.5	525	220	310	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	2,030	935	1,090	0.2	0.2	0.2	835	350	490	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	4,380	2,065	2,315	0.4	0.4	0.4	425	215	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5,915	2,745	3,170	0.5	0.5	0.6	1,750	805	945	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanese	24,450	12,235	12,220	2.2	2.2	2.1	5,065	2,660	2,405	1.5	1.6	1.4
Iranian	7,350	3,720	3,630	0.7	0.7	0.6	840	430	405	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	5,305	2,590	2,715	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,560	1,235	1,325	0.7	0.7	0.8
Danish	5,595	2,715	2,880	0.5	0.5	0.5	585	295	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,965	2,345	2,620	0.4	0.4	0.5	3,235	1,550	1,680	0.9	0.9	1.0
Sikh	1,775	950	830	0.2	0.2	0.1	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	5,160	2,500	2,655	0.5	0.5	0.5	640	340	300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	4,690	2,245	2,450	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,240	1,030	1,205	0.6	0.6	0.7
Haitian	10,110	4,630	5,475	0.9	0.8	1.0	4,350	1,980	2,370	1.3	1.2	1.3
Hindu	4,280	2,385	1,890	0.4	0.4	0.3	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	3,355	1,460	1,895	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,205	555	650	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	1,315	660	655	0.1	0.1	0.1	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	4,360	2,025	2,340	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,055	570	490	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	4,485	2,275	2,205	0.4	0.4	0.4	320	120	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	3,030	1,490	1,540	0.3	0.3	0.3	160	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	3,590	1,805	1,780	0.3	0.3	0.3	585	300	285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	3,290	1,400	1,890	0.3	0.3	0.3	440	220	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	3,340	1,750	1,590	0.3	0.3	0.3	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,825	1,385	1,445	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,275	570	705	0.4	0.3	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	3,725	1,810	1,915	0.3	0.3	0.3	435	210	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	5,275	2,540	2,735	0.5	0.5	0.5	495	255	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	7,090	3,670	3,415	0.6	0.7	0.6	885	510	380	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	3,365	1,610	1,755	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,205	575	635	0.3	0.3	0.4
Tamil	2,385	1,240	1,140	0.2	0.2	0.2	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,590	800	790	0.1	0.1	0.1	195	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombian	2,400	1,070	1,330	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,855	845	1,010	0.5	0.5	0.6
Moroccan	2,975	1,525	1,450	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,385	1,215	1,170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Czech	3,485	1,640	1,850	0.3	0.3	0.3	295	145	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	6,805	3,380	3,425	0.6	0.6	0.6	985	485	495	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	2,150	975	1,175	0.2	0.2	0.2	215	85	130	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	4,530	2,280	2,245	0.4	0.4	0.4	295	145	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	4,160	2,015	2,145	0.4	0.4	0.4	960	525	440	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	2,595	1,230	1,365	0.2	0.2	0.2	910	480	430	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	1,565	740	825	0.1	0.1	0.1	215	90	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	2,805	1,350	1,455	0.3	0.2	0.3	210	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	1,205	610	595	0.1	0.1	0.1	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	6,685	3,240	3,445	0.6	0.6	0.6	1,445	670	780	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian	3,125	1,610	1,510	0.3	0.3	0.3	210	125	85	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,230	1,060	1,170	0.2	0.2	0.2	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	4,295	2,170	2,125	0.4	0.4	0.4	515	255	255	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	1,755	780	980	0.2	0.1	0.2	460	165	295	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	3,680	1,850	1,830	0.3	0.3	0.3	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	2,030	1,025	1,005	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,165	585	580	0.3	0.3	0.3
Brazilian	2,675	1,365	1,315	0.2	0.2	0.2	530	255	270	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	3,920	1,880	2,040	0.4	0.3	0.4	275	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	1,755	920	835	0.2	0.2	0.1	440	225	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	2,795	1,270	1,520	0.3	0.2	0.3	210	115	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,790	1,290	1,500	0.2	0.2	0.3	315	125	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	10,505	4,805	5,705	0.9	0.9	1.0	565	240	325	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwanese	1,305	610	685	0.1	0.1	0.1	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	3,905	1,960	1,945	0.3	0.4	0.3	240	120	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	2,090	1,025	1,065	0.2	0.2	0.2	690	325	365	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	2,620	1,125	1,495	0.2	0.2	0.3	470	200	270	0.1	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,715	825	890	0.2	0.2	0.2	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	5,090	2,640	2,455	0.5	0.5	0.4	330	160	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	2,430	1,080	1,350	0.2	0.2	0.2	425	180	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	5,225	2,260	2,960	0.5	0.4	0.5	5,980	2,815	3,170	1.7	1.6	1.8
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,110	525	585	0.1	0.1	0.1	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	2,265	1,050	1,210	0.2	0.2	0.2	170	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	1,675	800	870	0.1	0.1	0.2	65	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	1,415	715	700	0.1	0.1	0.1	220	80	135	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	4,930	2,520	2,410	0.4	0.5	0.4	225	105	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	970	485	485	0.1	0.1	0.1	355	145	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	5,265	2,335	2,935	0.5	0.4	0.5	2,840	1,405	1,440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nova Scotian	1,335	660	670	0.1	0.1	0.1	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	2,600	1,355	1,245	0.2	0.2	0.2	175	85	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	1,280	605	680	0.1	0.1	0.1	280	130	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	1,365	665	705	0.1	0.1	0.1	420	205	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	1,865	1,015	850	0.2	0.2	0.1	170	95	80	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,400	1,080	1,320	0.2	0.2	0.2	530	240	285	0.2	0.1	0.2
Berber	1,330	695	635	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,160	650	510	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	1,230	655	570	0.1	0.1	0.1	95	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	685	325	365	0.1	0.1	0.1	95	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	555	245	310	0.0	0.0	0.1	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	1,080	565	510	0.1	0.1	0.1	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,775	845	925	0.2	0.2	0.2	410	185	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	930	400	525	0.1	0.1	0.1	220	95	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	1,030	535	495	0.1	0.1	0.1	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	2,095	1,085	1,010	0.2	0.2	0.2	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	1,185	535	650	0.1	0.1	0.1	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	1,020	490	530	0.1	0.1	0.1	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	2,020	950	1,070	0.2	0.2	0.2	485	230	255	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	750	355	395	0.1	0.1	0.1	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	1,580	760	820	0.1	0.1	0.1	295	130	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	235	135	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	1,235	615	620	0.1	0.1	0.1	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	1,225	605	620	0.1	0.1	0.1	90	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	820	415	405	0.1	0.1	0.1	180	85	100	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	890	420	470	0.1	0.1	0.1	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	930	455	475	0.1	0.1	0.1	805	425	380	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,485	735	750	0.1	0.1	0.1	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	1,295	600	695	0.1	0.1	0.1	395	210	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	1,380	685	700	0.1	0.1	0.1	535	260	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	1,075	505	570	0.1	0.1	0.1	260	120	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	355	165	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	255	260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	1,195	610	590	0.1	0.1	0.1	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,255	670	585	0.1	0.1	0.1	40	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	1,220	640	575	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,640	740	905	0.5	0.4	0.5
Guatemalan	460	195	265	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	1,000	455	545	0.1	0.1	0.1	80	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	830	385	445	0.1	0.1	0.1	200	85	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	460	230	230	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	1,120	545	570	0.1	0.1	0.1	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	1,320	680	640	0.1	0.1	0.1	155	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	265	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	355	135	225	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	7,460	3,440	4,025	0.7	0.6	0.7	1,550	710	840	0.4	0.4	0.5
Argentinian	510	235	280	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	910	440	470	0.1	0.1	0.1	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	1,140	585	555	0.1	0.1	0.1	160	95	70	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	185	95	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	605	315	290	0.1	0.1	0.1	385	210	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	1,050	510	540	0.1	0.1	0.1	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	1,050	400	645	0.1	0.1	0.1	195	70	130	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	865	420	450	0.1	0.1	0.1	240	90	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	915	475	450	0.1	0.1	0.1	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	320	150	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	205	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	240	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	1,355	655	700	0.1	0.1	0.1	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	955	435	520	0.1	0.1	0.1	180	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	370	180	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	280	140	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	180	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	375	155	225	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	630	265	370	0.1	0.0	0.1	745	345	405	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	535	320	215	0.0	0.1	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	800	395	410	0.1	0.1	0.1	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	265	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	290	100	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	635	305	330	0.1	0.1	0.1	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	1,120	560	560	0.1	0.1	0.1	345	185	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	485	245	240	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	390	375	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	420	170	250	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	415	170	250	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	160	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	515	280	235	0.0	0.1	0.0	415	230	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	790	385	415	0.1	0.1	0.1	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	800	380	420	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,140	530	605	0.3	0.3	0.3
Saulteaux	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	445	205	250	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	95	70	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	2,750	1,310	1,450	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,765	905	860	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tigrinya	405	220	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	630	295	335	0.1	0.1	0.1	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	645	320	325	0.1	0.1	0.1	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	645	250	400	0.1	0.0	0.1	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	275	95	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	1,505	790	715	0.1	0.1	0.1	105	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	275	145	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	355	160	195	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	1,585	735	850	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,265	585	680	0.4	0.3	0.4
Grenadian	280	145	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	550	300	250	0.0	0.1	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	670	355	320	0.1	0.1	0.1	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	305	125	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	260	140	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	360	140	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	185	60	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	300	115	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	370	180	195	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	635	295	335	0.1	0.1	0.1	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	440	230	215	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	315	345	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	310	170	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	295	160	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	540	295	245	0.0	0.1	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	115	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	315	145	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	830	395	435	0.1	0.1	0.1	595	330	260	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tibetan	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	325	125	205	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	470	210	270	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	430	170	255	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	165	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	140	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	400	210	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	250	300	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	225	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	590	305	285	0.1	0.1	0.0	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	410	220	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	380	180	200	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	990	485	510	0.1	0.1	0.1	65	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	630	290	340	0.1	0.1	0.1	540	255	280	0.2	0.1	0.2
Libyan	1,475	735	740	0.1	0.1	0.1	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	350	170	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	135	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	290	155	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	85	130	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	465	210	255	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	100	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	195	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	330	160	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	220	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	320	130	185	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	305	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
St. Lucian	665	285	380	0.1	0.1	0.1	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	265	140	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	180	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	255	145	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	285	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	220	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	150	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	190	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	200	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	220	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	95	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	130	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	165	65	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	385	215	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	315	140	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	370	200	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	415	190	225	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,116,795	546,285	570,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	347,700	171,135	176,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	10,975	4,805	6,165	1.0	0.9	1.1	1,205	425	780	0.3	0.2	0.4
Christian	606,765	281,825	324,940	54.3	51.6	57.0	217,890	103,560	114,330	62.7	60.5	64.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	71,055	33,130	37,930	6.4	6.1	6.6	23,950	11,410	12,540	6.9	6.7	7.1
Anabaptist	920	390	530	0.1	0.1	0.1	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	48,200	22,295	25,910	4.3	4.1	4.5	2,700	1,325	1,375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baptist	8,765	3,960	4,810	0.8	0.7	0.8	1,855	875	985	0.5	0.5	0.6
Catholic	350,690	164,030	186,660	31.4	30.0	32.7	173,350	82,300	91,050	49.9	48.1	51.6
Christian Orthodox	21,975	10,535	11,445	2.0	1.9	2.0	3,925	1,990	1,930	1.1	1.2	1.1
Jehovah's Witness	3,415	1,475	1,945	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,345	615	730	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	1,285	630	650	0.1	0.1	0.1	255	125	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	7,310	3,310	4,000	0.7	0.6	0.7	655	300	355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,645	1,185	1,455	0.2	0.2	0.3	145	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	12,735	5,665	7,070	1.1	1.0	1.2	1,990	955	1,040	0.6	0.6	0.6
Presbyterian	11,255	5,220	6,035	1.0	1.0	1.1	565	275	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	1,350	650	700	0.1	0.1	0.1	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	42,030	18,765	23,260	3.8	3.4	4.1	1,980	920	1,060	0.6	0.5	0.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	23,125	10,590	12,545	2.1	1.9	2.2	5,050	2,365	2,690	1.5	1.4	1.5
Hindu	20,600	10,855	9,740	1.8	2.0	1.7	605	275	335	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	10,780	5,360	5,420	1.0	1.0	1.0	620	335	285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	99,685	49,955	49,735	8.9	9.1	8.7	15,095	7,760	7,330	4.3	4.5	4.2
Sikh	6,550	3,360	3,190	0.6	0.6	0.6	185	70	120	0.1	0.0	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	495	195	300	0.0	0.0	0.1	250	120	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,505	3,600	4,905	0.8	0.7	0.9	1,745	720	1,025	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	352,445	186,330	166,115	31.6	34.1	29.1	110,115	57,870	52,245	31.7	33.8	29.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,106,775	541,320	565,460	100.0	100.0	100.0	343,855	169,180	174,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	962,395	469,410	492,985	87.0	86.7	87.2	299,140	147,280	151,855	87.0	87.1	86.9
Movers	144,380	71,915	72,470	13.0	13.3	12.8	44,720	21,900	22,815	13.0	12.9	13.1
Non-migrants	98,785	49,325	49,460	8.9	9.1	8.7	27,240	13,365	13,880	7.9	7.9	7.9
Migrants	45,595	22,585	23,005	4.1	4.2	4.1	17,475	8,540	8,940	5.1	5.0	5.1
Internal migrants	34,485	16,915	17,565	3.1	3.1	3.1	15,650	7,580	8,070	4.6	4.5	4.6
Intraprovincial migrants	23,410	11,465	11,940	2.1	2.1	2.1	8,560	4,155	4,400	2.5	2.5	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	11,070	5,450	5,625	1.0	1.0	1.0	7,090	3,420	3,675	2.1	2.0	2.1
External migrants	11,115	5,675	5,445	1.0	1.0	1.0	1,830	955	870	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,061,805	518,495	543,310	100.0	100.0	100.0	328,630	161,095	167,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	627,720	305,255	322,465	59.1	58.9	59.4	191,565	94,560	97,005	58.3	58.7	57.9
Movers	434,085	213,240	220,845	40.9	41.1	40.6	137,065	66,535	70,530	41.7	41.3	42.1
Non-migrants	236,520	116,110	120,405	22.3	22.4	22.2	69,065	33,235	35,840	21.0	20.6	21.4
Migrants	197,565	97,130	100,440	18.6	18.7	18.5	68,000	33,300	34,695	20.7	20.7	20.7
Internal migrants	135,100	65,675	69,425	12.7	12.7	12.8	55,560	27,060	28,500	16.9	16.8	17.0
Intraprovincial migrants	88,830	42,950	45,880	8.4	8.3	8.4	37,335	18,085	19,250	11.4	11.2	11.5
Interprovincial migrants	46,265	22,720	23,545	4.4	4.4	4.3	18,230	8,975	9,250	5.5	5.6	5.5
External migrants	62,475	31,460	31,015	5.9	6.1	5.7	12,435	6,240	6,195	3.8	3.9	3.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	929,885	451,205	478,680	100.0	100.0	100.0	283,465	138,315	145,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	114,345	57,660	56,685	12.3	12.8	11.8	57,100	31,650	25,450	20.1	22.9	17.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	815,540	393,545	421,995	87.7	87.2	88.2	226,370	106,665	119,700	79.9	77.1	82.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	605,285	294,380	310,910	100.0	100.0	100.0	191,825	93,735	98,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	39,845	21,380	18,470	6.6	7.3	5.9	27,650	16,520	11,130	14.4	17.6	11.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	565,445	273,000	292,440	93.4	92.7	94.1	164,180	77,220	86,960	85.6	82.4	88.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	929,885	451,210	478,680	100.0	100.0	100.0	283,465	138,315	145,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	104,410	52,235	52,170	11.2	11.6	10.9	50,350	27,350	23,000	17.8	19.8	15.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	220,265	110,820	109,445	23.7	24.6	22.9	63,005	30,570	32,430	22.2	22.1	22.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	605,210	288,145	317,065	65.1	63.9	66.2	170,120	80,395	89,725	60.0	58.1	61.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	240,150	116,445	123,705	25.8	25.8	25.8	93,245	45,750	47,500	32.9	33.1	32.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	36,500	23,750	12,755	3.9	5.3	2.7	33,375	19,180	14,200	11.8	13.9	9.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	19,460	11,050	8,415	2.1	2.4	1.8	22,915	11,170	11,745	8.1	8.1	8.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	17,040	12,705	4,335	1.8	2.8	0.9	10,465	8,005	2,455	3.7	5.8	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	184,580	84,630	99,950	19.8	18.8	20.9	51,190	23,090	28,100	18.1	16.7	19.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,060	8,060	11,000	2.0	1.8	2.3	8,680	3,480	5,200	3.1	2.5	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	365,065	171,705	193,360	39.3	38.1	40.4	76,870	34,645	42,220	27.1	25.0	29.1
Bachelor's degree	222,420	100,800	121,620	23.9	22.3	25.4	47,165	19,995	27,175	16.6	14.5	18.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,875	8,440	11,430	2.1	1.9	2.4	6,025	2,730	3,295	2.1	2.0	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,340	3,865	4,485	0.9	0.9	0.9	1,220	570	645	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	95,410	46,705	48,695	10.3	10.4	10.2	19,570	9,710	9,860	6.9	7.0	6.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	19,015	11,890	7,125	2.0	2.6	1.5	2,885	1,640	1,245	1.0	1.2	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	605,290	294,380	310,910	100.0	100.0	100.0	191,830	93,735	98,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	34,075	18,400	15,680	5.6	6.3	5.0	22,820	13,490	9,330	11.9	14.4	9.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	112,130	60,265	51,865	18.5	20.5	16.7	35,015	17,690	17,325	18.3	18.9	17.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	459,075	215,720	243,360	75.8	73.3	78.3	133,995	62,555	71,435	69.9	66.7	72.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	175,020	85,865	89,155	28.9	29.2	28.7	70,065	34,670	35,390	36.5	37.0	36.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	24,580	16,015	8,565	4.1	5.4	2.8	26,185	14,850	11,335	13.7	15.8	11.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,945	7,350	5,595	2.1	2.5	1.8	18,045	8,635	9,415	9.4	9.2	9.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	11,640	8,665	2,970	1.9	2.9	1.0	8,140	6,220	1,920	4.2	6.6	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	137,985	64,390	73,595	22.8	21.9	23.7	37,665	17,300	20,370	19.6	18.5	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,455	5,465	6,995	2.1	1.9	2.2	6,210	2,520	3,690	3.2	2.7	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	284,055	129,850	154,205	46.9	44.1	49.6	63,925	27,885	36,040	33.3	29.7	36.7
Bachelor's degree	171,075	76,620	94,455	28.3	26.0	30.4	38,770	16,080	22,685	20.2	17.2	23.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,795	5,855	8,940	2.4	2.0	2.9	4,975	2,120	2,850	2.6	2.3	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,510	2,655	3,855	1.1	0.9	1.2	1,050	445	610	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	77,815	36,700	41,115	12.9	12.5	13.2	16,785	7,985	8,805	8.7	8.5	9.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	13,860	8,020	5,835	2.3	2.7	1.9	2,345	1,255	1,095	1.2	1.3	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	929,885	451,210	478,680	100.0	100.0	100.0	283,470	138,315	145,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	324,675	163,060	161,615	34.9	36.1	33.8	113,350	57,920	55,430	40.0	41.9	38.2
Education	30,995	6,915	24,080	3.3	1.5	5.0	11,715	2,750	8,965	4.1	2.0	6.2
13. Education	30,995	6,915	24,080	3.3	1.5	5.0	11,715	2,750	8,965	4.1	2.0	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,720	8,335	11,380	2.1	1.8	2.4	5,225	2,255	2,970	1.8	1.6	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,715	1,910	805	0.3	0.4	0.2	740	545	195	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	17,000	6,430	10,570	1.8	1.4	2.2	4,485	1,705	2,780	1.6	1.2	1.9
Humanities	38,035	13,870	24,165	4.1	3.1	5.0	10,405	4,230	6,175	3.7	3.1	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	6,105	1,335	4,770	0.7	0.3	1.0	2,380	665	1,715	0.8	0.5	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	9,425	2,725	6,700	1.0	0.6	1.4	685	295	390	0.2	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,550	2,570	4,980	0.8	0.6	1.0	3,850	1,470	2,375	1.4	1.1	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	1,085	460	625	0.1	0.1	0.1	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,785	1,635	1,145	0.3	0.4	0.2	565	375	195	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,000	1,140	860	0.2	0.3	0.2	455	335	125	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	6,680	3,520	3,160	0.7	0.8	0.7	1,015	635	380	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	2,400	485	1,915	0.3	0.1	0.4	1,345	405	940	0.5	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	111,800	41,415	70,385	12.0	9.2	14.7	25,095	9,345	15,755	8.9	6.8	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,690	450	1,230	0.2	0.1	0.3	295	100	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	12,620	4,655	7,965	1.4	1.0	1.7	3,170	1,060	2,105	1.1	0.8	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	11,680	995	10,685	1.3	0.2	2.2	2,910	230	2,675	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	16,935	6,440	10,495	1.8	1.4	2.2	4,225	1,670	2,555	1.5	1.2	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,590	1,350	2,240	0.4	0.3	0.5	765	280	485	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	16,755	3,975	12,780	1.8	0.9	2.7	3,435	835	2,605	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	48,525	23,545	24,980	5.2	5.2	5.2	10,300	5,165	5,135	3.6	3.7	3.5
Business, management and public administration	120,350	52,080	68,275	12.9	11.5	14.3	41,295	15,330	25,965	14.6	11.1	17.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	200	85	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	12,900	3,785	9,115	1.4	0.8	1.9	3,825	1,235	2,590	1.3	0.9	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	107,250	48,215	59,040	11.5	10.7	12.3	37,435	14,075	23,360	13.2	10.2	16.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,065	15,780	16,285	3.4	3.5	3.4	6,300	3,290	3,010	2.2	2.4	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15,755	6,320	9,430	1.7	1.4	2.0	2,455	985	1,465	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,175	2,365	2,805	0.6	0.5	0.6	1,050	575	470	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	440	110	325	0.0	0.0	0.1	935	440	490	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	9,805	6,635	3,165	1.1	1.5	0.7	1,595	1,140	460	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	905	350	550	0.1	0.1	0.1	275	145	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	42,615	28,905	13,710	4.6	6.4	2.9	9,490	6,675	2,820	3.3	4.8	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	33,425	24,330	9,090	3.6	5.4	1.9	7,695	5,890	1,805	2.7	4.3	1.2
25. Library science	2,670	570	2,105	0.3	0.1	0.4	830	145	680	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,150	3,055	2,095	0.6	0.7	0.4	800	545	255	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,370	950	420	0.1	0.2	0.1	170	100	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	99,975	85,585	14,385	10.8	19.0	3.0	27,135	24,510	2,620	9.6	17.7	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	5,715	3,550	2,155	0.6	0.8	0.5	1,385	870	515	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	44,785	35,670	9,115	4.8	7.9	1.9	5,505	4,455	1,045	1.9	3.2	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	22,665	20,250	2,410	2.4	4.5	0.5	5,685	5,010	680	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	11,525	11,305	220	1.2	2.5	0.0	7,500	7,325	180	2.6	5.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10,885	10,670	220	1.2	2.4	0.0	4,635	4,540	95	1.6	3.3	0.1
48. Precision production	4,355	4,135	220	0.5	0.9	0.0	2,390	2,295	90	0.8	1.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,585	5,120	5,470	1.1	1.1	1.1	3,215	1,800	1,415	1.1	1.3	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,460	3,000	3,460	0.7	0.7	0.7	1,695	780	915	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,130	2,125	2,010	0.4	0.5	0.4	1,525	1,020	500	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	72,510	15,865	56,650	7.8	3.5	11.8	19,020	4,070	14,950	6.7	2.9	10.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	6,725	3,205	3,520	0.7	0.7	0.7	1,355	700	655	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	62,890	11,275	51,610	6.8	2.5	10.8	17,215	3,130	14,085	6.1	2.3	9.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	140	35	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,750	1,345	1,405	0.3	0.3	0.3	400	230	170	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	26,430	14,230	12,200	2.8	3.2	2.5	11,180	6,135	5,045	3.9	4.4	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	13,350	4,090	9,265	1.4	0.9	1.9	5,700	1,720	3,980	2.0	1.2	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	980	875	105	0.1	0.2	0.0	60	50	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	525	470	50	0.1	0.1	0.0	190	180	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	8,695	6,150	2,540	0.9	1.4	0.5	3,600	2,740	855	1.3	2.0	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,885	2,645	245	0.3	0.6	0.1	1,630	1,445	190	0.6	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	130	35	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	605,290	294,380	310,910	100.0	100.0	100.0	191,825	93,735	98,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	146,210	78,660	67,550	24.2	26.7	21.7	57,835	31,175	26,655	30.1	33.3	27.2
Education	20,730	4,405	16,325	3.4	1.5	5.3	8,345	1,775	6,570	4.4	1.9	6.7
13. Education	20,730	4,405	16,325	3.4	1.5	5.3	8,345	1,775	6,570	4.4	1.9	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	14,920	6,170	8,750	2.5	2.1	2.8	4,005	1,735	2,270	2.1	1.9	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,960	1,310	650	0.3	0.4	0.2	515	395	120	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	12,960	4,860	8,100	2.1	1.7	2.6	3,495	1,345	2,150	1.8	1.4	2.2
Humanities	26,705	9,480	17,230	4.4	3.2	5.5	6,935	2,690	4,240	3.6	2.9	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	4,465	905	3,560	0.7	0.3	1.1	1,750	455	1,285	0.9	0.5	1.3
23. English language and literature/letters	6,750	1,990	4,755	1.1	0.7	1.5	515	190	325	0.3	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,235	1,735	3,500	0.9	0.6	1.1	2,250	840	1,410	1.2	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	740	305	435	0.1	0.1	0.1	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,975	1,135	840	0.3	0.4	0.3	435	265	170	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,305	745	565	0.2	0.3	0.2	245	180	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	4,810	2,425	2,385	0.8	0.8	0.8	795	480	315	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,420	240	1,185	0.2	0.1	0.4	870	240	630	0.5	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	87,790	31,575	56,220	14.5	10.7	18.1	20,475	7,360	13,125	10.7	7.9	13.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,370	350	1,015	0.2	0.1	0.3	240	85	160	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10,365	3,790	6,575	1.7	1.3	2.1	2,710	905	1,810	1.4	1.0	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,870	745	8,125	1.5	0.3	2.6	2,380	200	2,185	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	13,820	4,790	9,030	2.3	1.6	2.9	3,420	1,235	2,185	1.8	1.3	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,710	1,035	1,670	0.4	0.4	0.5	605	235	370	0.3	0.3	0.4
42. Psychology	12,770	2,980	9,790	2.1	1.0	3.1	2,765	580	2,180	1.4	0.6	2.2
45. Social sciences	37,885	17,880	20,005	6.3	6.1	6.4	8,360	4,125	4,230	4.4	4.4	4.3
Business, management and public administration	93,440	39,490	53,955	15.4	13.4	17.4	33,525	12,195	21,335	17.5	13.0	21.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	140	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,235	2,960	7,280	1.7	1.0	2.3	3,145	960	2,185	1.6	1.0	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	83,065	36,470	46,595	13.7	12.4	15.0	30,345	11,210	19,135	15.8	12.0	19.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	23,270	10,740	12,530	3.8	3.6	4.0	4,135	2,170	1,965	2.2	2.3	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	12,040	4,570	7,470	2.0	1.6	2.4	2,005	810	1,195	1.0	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,705	1,650	2,055	0.6	0.6	0.7	585	350	235	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	350	95	255	0.1	0.0	0.1	225	140	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	6,605	4,235	2,365	1.1	1.4	0.8	1,175	810	365	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	570	190	380	0.1	0.1	0.1	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	34,700	23,870	10,830	5.7	8.1	3.5	8,010	5,685	2,325	4.2	6.1	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	28,430	20,770	7,660	4.7	7.1	2.5	6,675	5,130	1,545	3.5	5.5	1.6
25. Library science	1,560	330	1,230	0.3	0.1	0.4	585	95	490	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,575	2,010	1,570	0.6	0.7	0.5	605	375	230	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,135	760	380	0.2	0.3	0.1	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	75,085	63,155	11,930	12.4	21.5	3.8	21,595	19,245	2,350	11.3	20.5	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	4,280	2,550	1,730	0.7	0.9	0.6	1,145	700	440	0.6	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	34,925	27,180	7,745	5.8	9.2	2.5	4,735	3,755	985	2.5	4.0	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	16,895	15,015	1,885	2.8	5.1	0.6	4,465	3,890	575	2.3	4.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	8,405	8,220	185	1.4	2.8	0.1	5,985	5,820	160	3.1	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,695	7,520	175	1.3	2.6	0.1	3,515	3,420	95	1.8	3.6	0.1
48. Precision production	2,830	2,665	170	0.5	0.9	0.1	1,735	1,640	90	0.9	1.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,045	3,610	4,425	1.3	1.2	1.4	2,685	1,475	1,210	1.4	1.6	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	4,655	1,960	2,695	0.8	0.7	0.9	1,345	595	750	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,390	1,650	1,735	0.6	0.6	0.6	1,340	880	455	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	53,965	12,170	41,800	8.9	4.1	13.4	15,360	3,320	12,040	8.0	3.5	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,220	2,455	2,765	0.9	0.8	0.9	1,110	540	565	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	46,655	8,830	37,825	7.7	3.0	12.2	13,880	2,605	11,275	7.2	2.8	11.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	105	15	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,985	870	1,115	0.3	0.3	0.4	325	170	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	20,330	11,020	9,300	3.4	3.7	3.0	8,880	4,895	3,985	4.6	5.2	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10,030	3,100	6,935	1.7	1.1	2.2	4,430	1,280	3,150	2.3	1.4	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	785	695	95	0.1	0.2	0.0	60	50	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	295	270	25	0.0	0.1	0.0	135	125	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	7,025	4,965	2,055	1.2	1.7	0.7	2,875	2,205	670	1.5	2.4	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,185	2,000	185	0.4	0.7	0.1	1,380	1,235	150	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	100	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	605,290	294,380	310,910	100.0	100.0	100.0	191,825	93,735	98,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	146,210	78,660	67,550	24.2	26.7	21.7	57,835	31,175	26,655	30.1	33.3	27.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	459,080	215,715	243,365	75.8	73.3	78.3	133,990	62,560	71,435	69.9	66.7	72.8
Location of study inside Canada	378,185	178,105	200,080	62.5	60.5	64.4	119,135	55,455	63,685	62.1	59.2	64.9
Same as province or territory of residence	314,325	147,930	166,400	51.9	50.3	53.5	77,340	35,450	41,890	40.3	37.8	42.7
Different than province or territory of residence	63,860	30,175	33,680	10.6	10.3	10.8	41,800	20,000	21,790	21.8	21.3	22.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	80,895	37,610	43,280	13.4	12.8	13.9	14,855	7,100	7,755	7.7	7.6	7.9
Americas	16,550	8,285	8,270	2.7	2.8	2.7	2,950	1,330	1,620	1.5	1.4	1.7
United States of America	10,435	5,595	4,840	1.7	1.9	1.6	980	540	440	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mexico	765	290	470	0.1	0.1	0.2	315	115	200	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	365	175	190	0.1	0.1	0.1	140	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	810	395	415	0.1	0.1	0.1	295	130	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaica	260	125	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	1,485	695	790	0.2	0.2	0.3	205	70	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	725	290	440	0.1	0.1	0.1	465	185	280	0.2	0.2	0.3
Peru	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	300	105	195	0.0	0.0	0.1	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	1,220	535	690	0.2	0.2	0.2	350	140	205	0.2	0.1	0.2
Europe	19,595	10,070	9,515	3.2	3.4	3.1	4,675	2,385	2,290	2.4	2.5	2.3
Belgium	290	165	130	0.0	0.1	0.0	240	135	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	2,315	1,265	1,050	0.4	0.4	0.3	1,770	950	820	0.9	1.0	0.8
Germany	720	390	330	0.1	0.1	0.1	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	405	220	185	0.1	0.1	0.1	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	290	140	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	75	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	175	65	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	190	75	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	785	310	475	0.1	0.1	0.2	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	920	445	470	0.2	0.2	0.2	395	210	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	1,420	685	735	0.2	0.2	0.2	230	95	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	1,025	495	530	0.2	0.2	0.2	225	110	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	590	290	300	0.1	0.1	0.1	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	7,325	3,935	3,390	1.2	1.3	1.1	560	280	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	350	140	210	0.1	0.0	0.1	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	285	185	100	0.0	0.1	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	320	155	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	90	50	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	2,200	1,115	1,080	0.4	0.4	0.3	465	195	270	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	9,905	4,590	5,320	1.6	1.6	1.7	3,850	1,865	1,985	2.0	2.0	2.0
Nigeria	1,460	630	830	0.2	0.2	0.3	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	715	275	440	0.1	0.1	0.1	535	275	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	800	375	425	0.1	0.1	0.1	620	280	345	0.3	0.3	0.4
Tunisia	335	155	180	0.1	0.1	0.1	250	130	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	1,900	905	995	0.3	0.3	0.3	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	550	280	270	0.1	0.1	0.1	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	4,140	1,965	2,180	0.7	0.7	0.7	2,170	1,045	1,115	1.1	1.1	1.1
Asia	33,250	13,895	19,355	5.5	4.7	6.2	3,240	1,445	1,785	1.7	1.5	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	1,625	710	915	0.3	0.2	0.3	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	875	475	400	0.1	0.2	0.1	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	410	200	210	0.1	0.1	0.1	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	1,870	840	1,030	0.3	0.3	0.3	595	300	295	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	1,110	510	595	0.2	0.2	0.2	150	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	745	395	355	0.1	0.1	0.1	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	5,855	2,465	3,390	1.0	0.8	1.1	620	265	355	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	220	65	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	195	50	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	500	165	340	0.1	0.1	0.1	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	880	275	610	0.1	0.1	0.2	105	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	4,665	1,505	3,160	0.8	0.5	1.0	685	235	440	0.4	0.3	0.4
Viet Nam	450	170	280	0.1	0.1	0.1	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	935	385	560	0.2	0.1	0.2	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	370	160	210	0.1	0.1	0.1	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	7,765	3,600	4,160	1.3	1.2	1.3	260	155	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistan	1,555	660	900	0.3	0.2	0.3	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	3,230	1,275	1,955	0.5	0.4	0.6	295	115	180	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	1,590	770	820	0.3	0.3	0.3	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	1,335	650	685	0.2	0.2	0.2	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	255	120	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	929,885	451,210	478,680	...	...	...	283,465	138,315	145,155	...	...	...
In the labour force	611,710	313,875	297,835	...	...	...	189,295	96,585	92,710	...	...	...
Employed	550,470	284,835	265,630	...	...	...	172,780	88,170	84,605	...	...	...
Unemployed	61,240	29,045	32,200	...	...	...	16,520	8,415	8,105	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	318,175	137,330	180,850	...	...	...	94,170	41,730	52,445	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.8	69.6	62.2	65.8	69.6	62.2	66.8	69.8	63.9	66.8	69.8	63.9
Employment rate	59.2	63.1	55.5	59.2	63.1	55.5	61.0	63.7	58.3	61.0	63.7	58.3
Unemployment rate	10.0	9.3	10.8	10.0	9.3	10.8	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	929,885	451,210	478,680	100.0	100.0	100.0	283,470	138,315	145,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	318,570	138,150	180,420	34.3	30.6	37.7	93,485	41,680	51,800	33.0	30.1	35.7
Worked	611,320	313,055	298,260	65.7	69.4	62.3	189,980	96,635	93,350	67.0	69.9	64.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	359,175	195,265	163,910	38.6	43.3	34.2	111,075	57,465	53,615	39.2	41.5	36.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	252,140	117,790	134,350	27.1	26.1	28.1	78,910	39,165	39,740	27.8	28.3	27.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	43.0	41.5	42.3	43.0	41.5	42.5	42.8	42.2	42.5	42.8	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	611,710	313,880	297,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	189,295	96,585	92,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,750	7,125	7,625	2.4	2.3	2.6	3,995	1,980	2,015	2.1	2.1	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	596,960	306,755	290,205	97.6	97.7	97.4	185,305	94,605	90,695	97.9	97.9	97.8
Employee	523,475	262,625	260,850	85.6	83.7	87.6	165,615	82,245	83,370	87.5	85.2	89.9
Permanent position	433,055	220,500	212,555	70.8	70.2	71.4	137,335	69,020	68,315	72.6	71.5	73.7
Temporary position	90,420	42,125	48,300	14.8	13.4	16.2	28,280	13,225	15,055	14.9	13.7	16.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	32,835	15,015	17,825	5.4	4.8	6.0	10,340	4,490	5,855	5.5	4.6	6.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	57,585	27,115	30,475	9.4	8.6	10.2	17,935	8,730	9,195	9.5	9.0	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	73,480	44,130	29,355	12.0	14.1	9.9	19,690	12,365	7,325	10.4	12.8	7.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	611,710	313,880	297,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	189,295	96,585	92,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,750	7,125	7,625	2.4	2.3	2.6	3,995	1,980	2,015	2.1	2.1	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	596,960	306,755	290,205	97.6	97.7	97.4	185,305	94,605	90,695	97.9	97.9	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	9,300	6,055	3,245	1.5	1.9	1.1	2,935	1,910	1,025	1.6	2.0	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	120,555	41,860	78,685	19.7	13.3	26.4	41,340	12,820	28,520	21.8	13.3	30.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	86,970	64,730	22,235	14.2	20.6	7.5	16,035	12,230	3,800	8.5	12.7	4.1
3 Health occupations	44,360	10,080	34,280	7.3	3.2	11.5	12,960	2,940	10,020	6.8	3.0	10.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	104,550	39,730	64,815	17.1	12.7	21.8	32,450	11,575	20,875	17.1	12.0	22.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	21,835	9,380	12,455	3.6	3.0	4.2	5,900	2,560	3,340	3.1	2.7	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	127,380	63,145	64,235	20.8	20.1	21.6	41,275	21,015	20,260	21.8	21.8	21.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	67,255	60,725	6,530	11.0	19.3	2.2	27,355	25,385	1,965	14.5	26.3	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,980	5,450	1,530	1.1	1.7	0.5	2,290	1,865	420	1.2	1.9	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	7,775	5,595	2,185	1.3	1.8	0.7	2,770	2,300	475	1.5	2.4	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	611,710	313,880	297,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	189,295	96,585	92,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,750	7,125	7,625	2.4	2.3	2.6	3,995	1,980	2,015	2.1	2.1	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	596,960	306,755	290,205	97.6	97.7	97.4	185,305	94,605	90,695	97.9	97.9	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,560	2,225	1,335	0.6	0.7	0.4	1,235	805	435	0.7	0.8	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	695	585	110	0.1	0.2	0.0	400	365	40	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	2,100	1,525	570	0.3	0.5	0.2	945	740	205	0.5	0.8	0.2
23 Construction	35,790	30,645	5,145	5.9	9.8	1.7	15,970	14,275	1,700	8.4	14.8	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	19,155	13,310	5,845	3.1	4.2	2.0	5,540	4,365	1,170	2.9	4.5	1.3
41 Wholesale trade	12,305	8,970	3,335	2.0	2.9	1.1	2,390	1,840	550	1.3	1.9	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	60,275	31,145	29,130	9.9	9.9	9.8	18,755	9,900	8,855	9.9	10.3	9.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20,775	16,065	4,715	3.4	5.1	1.6	5,915	4,680	1,235	3.1	4.8	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	13,720	8,510	5,210	2.2	2.7	1.7	2,485	1,535	950	1.3	1.6	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	20,015	9,665	10,350	3.3	3.1	3.5	4,210	2,035	2,175	2.2	2.1	2.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	9,555	5,230	4,320	1.6	1.7	1.5	2,370	1,440	920	1.3	1.5	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	66,290	40,415	25,875	10.8	12.9	8.7	10,040	5,640	4,400	5.3	5.8	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	895	455	445	0.1	0.1	0.1	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	24,940	15,510	9,425	4.1	4.9	3.2	8,225	5,400	2,825	4.3	5.6	3.0
61 Educational services	46,185	14,975	31,210	7.6	4.8	10.5	15,165	4,790	10,380	8.0	5.0	11.2
62 Health care and social assistance	70,430	15,575	54,860	11.5	5.0	18.4	23,065	5,235	17,830	12.2	5.4	19.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,705	5,395	5,305	1.8	1.7	1.8	3,430	1,890	1,535	1.8	2.0	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	30,480	14,905	15,580	5.0	4.7	5.2	9,300	4,475	4,830	4.9	4.6	5.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	23,170	10,130	13,045	3.8	3.2	4.4	7,265	3,285	3,980	3.8	3.4	4.3
91 Public administration	125,925	61,535	64,385	20.6	19.6	21.6	48,475	21,860	26,620	25.6	22.6	28.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	649,950	331,985	317,965	100.0	100.0	100.0	201,340	102,395	98,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	486,945	259,710	227,230	74.9	78.2	71.5	36,925	20,940	15,980	18.3	20.5	16.2
French	17,110	6,325	10,785	2.6	1.9	3.4	77,065	37,960	39,110	38.3	37.1	39.5
Non-official language	2,255	1,100	1,155	0.3	0.3	0.4	385	220	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,255	1,100	1,155	0.3	0.3	0.4	385	220	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	128,665	57,715	70,950	19.8	17.4	22.3	84,470	42,070	42,400	42.0	41.1	42.9
English and non-official language(s)	11,660	5,640	6,025	1.8	1.7	1.9	725	410	315	0.4	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	170	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	115	180	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,065	1,385	1,680	0.5	0.4	0.5	1,475	680	790	0.7	0.7	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	649,950	331,985	317,965	100.0	100.0	100.0	201,340	102,395	98,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	626,630	321,360	305,275	96.4	96.8	96.0	185,030	94,455	90,575	91.9	92.2	91.5
Official languages	622,130	319,285	302,845	95.7	96.2	95.2	184,305	94,080	90,220	91.5	91.9	91.2
English	589,570	306,695	282,870	90.7	92.4	89.0	69,040	37,695	31,340	34.3	36.8	31.7
French	32,560	12,585	19,970	5.0	3.8	6.3	115,265	56,385	58,880	57.2	55.1	59.5
Non-official languages	4,505	2,075	2,430	0.7	0.6	0.8	730	370	355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,485	2,060	2,425	0.7	0.6	0.8	705	355	345	0.4	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	795	410	385	0.1	0.1	0.1	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	745	390	355	0.1	0.1	0.1	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	730	380	350	0.1	0.1	0.1	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	175	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,400	610	795	0.2	0.2	0.3	335	140	190	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	265	75	190	0.0	0.0	0.1	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	265	75	190	0.0	0.0	0.1	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	190	55	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	160	50	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	30	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	95	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	355	190	165	0.1	0.1	0.1	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	210	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	600	290	310	0.1	0.1	0.1	295	130	170	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	135	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	420	210	210	0.1	0.1	0.1	230	95	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	165	60	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,565	735	825	0.2	0.2	0.3	165	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	1,550	730	825	0.2	0.2	0.3	165	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,100	495	605	0.2	0.1	0.2	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	435	220	210	0.1	0.1	0.1	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	95	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	23,320	10,630	12,690	3.6	3.2	4.0	16,310	7,940	8,365	8.1	7.8	8.5
English and French	20,690	9,435	11,260	3.2	2.8	3.5	15,925	7,725	8,200	7.9	7.5	8.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,235	1,020	1,220	0.3	0.3	0.4	165	100	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	280	125	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	649,950	331,985	317,965	100.0	100.0	100.0	201,340	102,395	98,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	528,795	277,420	251,375	81.4	83.6	79.1	130,285	66,880	63,405	64.7	65.3	64.1
English	17,210	7,020	10,190	2.6	2.1	3.2	37,835	18,295	19,540	18.8	17.9	19.7
French	93,350	42,345	51,005	14.4	12.8	16.0	31,345	16,330	15,015	15.6	15.9	15.2
Non-official language	7,390	3,670	3,715	1.1	1.1	1.2	835	410	420	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	190	80	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	7,200	3,590	3,610	1.1	1.1	1.1	820	405	420	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	240	105	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	180	255	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	1,920	905	1,015	0.3	0.3	0.3	480	235	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	930	475	455	0.1	0.1	0.1	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	550,470	284,840	265,635	100.0	100.0	100.0	172,780	88,175	84,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	232,425	111,740	120,690	42.2	39.2	45.4	54,715	23,915	30,795	31.7	27.1	36.4
Worked outside Canada	1,835	1,180	655	0.3	0.4	0.2	290	210	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	51,260	39,150	12,110	9.3	13.7	4.6	20,315	16,320	3,990	11.8	18.5	4.7
Usual place of work	264,945	132,770	132,175	48.1	46.6	49.8	97,465	47,730	49,735	56.4	54.1	58.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	264,950	132,770	132,175	100.0	100.0	100.0	97,470	47,730	49,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	230,010	113,705	116,300	86.8	85.6	88.0	58,780	26,960	31,820	60.3	56.5	64.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,705	2,070	2,635	1.8	1.6	2.0	1,040	465	575	1.1	1.0	1.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	23,400	13,190	10,210	8.8	9.9	7.7	12,665	6,310	6,355	13.0	13.2	12.8
Commute to a different province or territory	6,835	3,795	3,030	2.6	2.9	2.3	24,985	13,995	10,990	25.6	29.3	22.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	316,205	171,915	144,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	117,780	64,045	53,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	249,280	140,500	108,780	78.8	81.7	75.4	98,475	55,220	43,255	83.6	86.2	80.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	224,960	130,970	93,990	71.1	76.2	65.1	90,940	51,860	39,080	77.2	81.0	72.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	24,320	9,530	14,790	7.7	5.5	10.3	7,535	3,355	4,175	6.4	5.2	7.8
Public transit	31,270	14,200	17,065	9.9	8.3	11.8	10,715	4,740	5,970	9.1	7.4	11.1
Walked	21,035	9,825	11,210	6.7	5.7	7.8	4,745	2,105	2,640	4.0	3.3	4.9
Bicycle	4,430	2,950	1,475	1.4	1.7	1.0	1,205	835	370	1.0	1.3	0.7
Other method	10,190	4,440	5,750	3.2	2.6	4.0	2,645	1,145	1,495	2.2	1.8	2.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	316,205	171,915	144,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	117,780	64,045	53,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	85,175	41,905	43,275	26.9	24.4	30.0	30,810	14,890	15,920	26.2	23.2	29.6
15 to 29 minutes	125,305	68,295	57,005	39.6	39.7	39.5	43,660	22,985	20,675	37.1	35.9	38.5
30 to 44 minutes	67,600	39,870	27,730	21.4	23.2	19.2	26,875	16,130	10,745	22.8	25.2	20.0
45 to 59 minutes	21,465	12,430	9,030	6.8	7.2	6.3	9,270	5,615	3,655	7.9	8.8	6.8
60 minutes and over	16,665	9,415	7,250	5.3	5.5	5.0	7,160	4,430	2,735	6.1	6.9	5.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	316,205	171,915	144,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	117,780	64,045	53,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	19,005	13,945	5,060	6.0	8.1	3.5	9,725	7,840	1,885	8.3	12.2	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	58,810	35,920	22,895	18.6	20.9	15.9	25,965	16,665	9,305	22.0	26.0	17.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	82,740	42,175	40,560	26.2	24.5	28.1	34,765	16,430	18,325	29.5	25.7	34.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	66,510	32,535	33,970	21.0	18.9	23.5	21,255	9,485	11,765	18.0	14.8	21.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40,945	20,505	20,440	12.9	11.9	14.2	10,890	5,290	5,595	9.2	8.3	10.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	48,200	26,835	21,360	15.2	15.6	14.8	15,180	8,330	6,850	12.9	13.0	12.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	230,790	117,615	113,175	100.0	100.0	100.0	77,335	39,540	37,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	82,355	41,625	40,730	35.7	35.4	36.0	18,980	9,690	9,295	24.5	24.5	24.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	148,435	75,990	72,445	64.3	64.6	64.0	58,350	29,855	28,495	75.5	75.5	75.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	171,515	87,630	83,880	100.0	100.0	100.0	56,715	28,995	27,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	62,345	31,470	30,875	36.3	35.9	36.8	14,150	7,230	6,920	24.9	24.9	25.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	46,580	23,050	23,530	27.2	26.3	28.1	9,540	4,930	4,610	16.8	17.0	16.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	15,765	8,420	7,350	9.2	9.6	8.8	4,615	2,295	2,315	8.1	7.9	8.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	109,170	56,165	53,005	63.7	64.1	63.2	42,565	21,765	20,800	75.1	75.1	75.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 12, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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