Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	ActonMore information: Ontario [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	9,377	...	...
Population, 2016¹	9,462	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	3,585	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	3,519	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,196.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7.84	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	9,375	4,695	4,680
0 to 14 years	1,630	850	775
0 to 4 years	500	245	260
5 to 9 years	515	285	230
10 to 14 years	610	325	290
15 to 64 years	6,325	3,235	3,090
15 to 19 years	640	355	285
20 to 24 years	520	305	220
25 to 29 years	485	250	235
30 to 34 years	655	330	320
35 to 39 years	625	315	310
40 to 44 years	620	280	340
45 to 49 years	710	350	360
50 to 54 years	735	340	390
55 to 59 years	730	385	345
60 to 64 years	615	325	290
65 years and over	1,420	610	810
65 to 69 years	455	205	245
70 to 74 years	420	185	230
75 to 79 years	255	110	145
80 to 84 years	150	65	90
85 years and over	145	45	105
85 to 89 years	95	30	70
90 to 94 years	45	10	25
95 to 99 years	10	0	5
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.4	18.1	16.6
15 to 64 years	67.5	68.9	66.0
65 years and over	15.1	13.0	17.3
85 years and over	1.5	1.0	2.2
Average age of the population	40.3	39.0	41.7
Median age of the population	41.2	38.8	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	3,515	...	...
Single-detached house	2,440	...	...
Semi-detached house	210	...	...
Row house	285	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	65	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	360	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	150	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	3,520	...	...
1 person	750	...	...
2 persons	1,160	...	...
3 persons	615	...	...
4 persons	685	...	...
5 or more persons	310	...	...
Number of persons in private households	9,335	4,675	4,660
Average household size	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	7,750	3,850	3,905
Married or living common-law	4,605	2,300	2,305
Married	3,785	1,890	1,890
Living common-law	825	410	410
Living common law - Never married	555	280	280
Living common law - Separated	60	20	35
Living common law - Divorced	190	100	90
Living common law - Widowed	15	10	5
Not married and not living common-law	3,145	1,545	1,600
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,080	1,210	875
Not married and not living common law - Separated	245	105	140
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	410	155	260
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	405	75	330
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,735	...	...
2 persons	1,230	...	...
3 persons	625	...	...
4 persons	650	...	...
5 or more persons	220	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,735	...	...
Total couple families	2,280	...	...
Married couples	1,875	...	...
With children⁶	1,120	...	...
Without children	755	...	...
Common-law couples	410	...	...
With children⁶	190	...	...
Without children	220	...	...
Total one-parent families	455	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	340	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	115	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	9,335	4,675	4,660
Total - Persons in census families	8,120	4,105	4,015
Married spouses or common-law partners	4,560	2,280	2,285
Parents in one-parent families	455	110	340
Children⁶	3,100	1,715	1,390
In a two-parent family	2,400	1,295	1,105
In a one-parent family	705	415	285
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,215	570	650
Living alone	755	310	440
Living with other relatives⁷	220	105	115
Living with non-relatives only	240	150	90
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	3,520	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,415	...	...
Couple-family households	2,045	...	...
With children⁶	1,180	...	...
Without children	865	...	...
One-parent-family households	370	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	115	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	15	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	115	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	105	...	...
One-person households	750	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	7,710	3,825	3,885
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,430	3,675	3,760
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	54,800	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,440	3,680	3,760
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,200	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,840	3,450	3,385
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	51,200	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,825	3,055	2,765
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	54,400	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,525	3,090	3,430
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,350	4,560	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	750	310	440
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,920	935	985
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	7,700	3,820	3,880
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,435	3,665	3,770
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,950	60,750	47,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,435	3,665	3,770
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,520	50,240	40,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,800	3,405	3,390
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,720	57,800	41,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,805	2,995	2,815
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,550	59,050	43,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,500	3,065	3,430
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,710	8,430	10,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	695	270	425
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,720	6,550	6,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,890	915	975
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,980	7,560	8,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	7,700	3,820	3,880
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,035	1,735	1,295
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	72,000	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,700	80,400	67,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,150	935	1,210
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	24,600	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,480	35,200	25,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	88.4	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.6	79.4	68.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.7	11.6	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.4	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.1	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	7,705	3,820	3,885
Without total income	275	145	130
With total income	7,430	3,675	3,755
Under $10,000 (including loss)	550	240	305
$10,000 to $19,999	810	350	460
$20,000 to $29,999	950	370	580
$30,000 to $39,999	820	325	495
$40,000 to $49,999	825	370	455
$50,000 to $59,999	780	390	385
$60,000 to $69,999	650	340	315
$70,000 to $79,999	485	280	205
$80,000 to $89,999	395	245	150
$90,000 to $99,999	335	205	125
$100,000 and over	840	555	280
$100,000 to $149,999	640	400	235
$150,000 and over	195	155	45
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	7,705	3,820	3,885
Without after-tax income	265	140	125
With after-tax income	7,445	3,680	3,760
Under $10,000 (including loss)	575	255	325
$10,000 to $19,999	835	360	475
$20,000 to $29,999	1,100	430	665
$30,000 to $39,999	1,005	425	575
$40,000 to $49,999	1,075	525	545
$50,000 to $59,999	855	435	425
$60,000 to $69,999	635	380	250
$70,000 to $79,999	490	305	185
$80,000 to $89,999	345	195	155
$90,000 to $99,999	190	125	65
$100,000 and over	335	245	90
$100,000 to $124,999	205	145	60
$125,000 and over	130	105	25
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	7,705	3,820	3,885
Without employment income	1,885	765	1,120
With employment income	5,820	3,060	2,765
Under $5,000 (including loss)	690	345	345
$5,000 to $9,999	425	190	240
$10,000 to $19,999	560	235	320
$20,000 to $29,999	430	195	235
$30,000 to $39,999	465	195	265
$40,000 to $49,999	530	240	295
$50,000 to $59,999	555	280	275
$60,000 to $69,999	470	265	205
$70,000 to $79,999	375	235	140
$80,000 to $89,999	330	210	125
$90,000 to $99,999	290	185	105
$100,000 and over	705	475	225
$100,000 to $124,999	400	245	150
$125,000 and over	305	235	70
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	7,710	3,825	3,885
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,300	3,590	3,715
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	54,400	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,305	3,590	3,715
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,400	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,750	3,380	3,370
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	53,200	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,875	3,065	2,810
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	55,200	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,170	2,915	3,255
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,220	775	5,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	580	240	340
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,080	6,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	7,700	3,820	3,880
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,275	3,580	3,695
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,800	59,150	44,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,275	3,580	3,695
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	48,600	38,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,715	3,345	3,375
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,680	58,350	41,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,870	3,015	2,860
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,720	58,350	42,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,145	2,915	3,230
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,010	5,700	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	550	235	315
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,960	5,760	9,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	7,700	3,820	3,880
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,020	1,725	1,295
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	71,500	58,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,700	77,000	62,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,020	860	1,165
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	35,200	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800	42,300	29,300
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.6	92.2	84.0
Employment income (%)	79.0	83.0	73.8
Government transfers (%)	11.4	7.9	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.6	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	3,520	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	750	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	2,770	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	3,525	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	2,760	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	3,520	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	45	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	85	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	90	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	80	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	80	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	90	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	95	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	210	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	215	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	215	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	225	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,835	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	475	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	430	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	540	...	...
$200,000 and over	395	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	3,520	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	50	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	95	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	95	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	90	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	95	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	135	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	265	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	270	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	245	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,500	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	565	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	395	...	...
$150,000 and over	540	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,695	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	880	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,320	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	420	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	995	460	535
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	49,200	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	43,600	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,690	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	900	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,295	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	430	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,010	450	565
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,300	51,000	44,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,900	43,800	38,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	9,335	4,675	4,660
0 to 17 years	2,015	1,070	945
0 to 5 years	615	300	315
18 to 64 years	5,905	2,995	2,905
65 years and over	1,415	610	805
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	525	240	285
0 to 17 years	105	65	45
0 to 5 years	25	15	10
18 to 64 years	280	130	150
65 years and over	135	45	90
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.6	5.1	6.1
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	6.0	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	4.4	5.0	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.4	5.1
65 years and over (%)	9.6	7.0	11.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	9,335	4,675	4,660
0 to 17 years	2,020	1,070	950
0 to 5 years	615	300	320
18 to 64 years	5,905	3,000	2,910
65 years and over	1,410	605	805
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	175	95	75
0 to 17 years	15	10	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	135	85	55
65 years and over	20	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.9	2.1	1.7
0 to 17 years (%)	0.8	0.8	0.8
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	2.7	2.0
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	9,335	4,675	4,660
In bottom half of the distribution	3,520	1,700	1,820
In bottom decile	505	240	265
In second decile	555	260	295
In third decile	675	325	350
In fourth decile	805	395	410
In fifth decile	980	480	495
In top half of the distribution	5,815	2,975	2,840
In sixth decile	1,025	525	500
In seventh decile	1,140	585	555
In eighth decile	1,415	715	700
In ninth decile	1,365	695	670
In top decile	870	455	415
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	9,335	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.260	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.346	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.230	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	9,345	4,675	4,665
English only	8,665	4,400	4,260
French only	0	0	0
English and French	645	260	385
Neither English nor French	35	15	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	9,345	4,675	4,665
English	9,165	4,595	4,565
French	145	70	75
English and French	5	5	0
Neither English nor French	25	5	25
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	9,345	4,675	4,665
Single responses	9,150	4,595	4,555
Official languages	8,380	4,235	4,145
English	8,235	4,170	4,065
French	145	65	75
Non-official languages	770	355	415
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	770	355	415
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	15	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	25	30
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	15	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Dravidian languages	15	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	610	285	325
Albanian	10	5	5
Armenian	5	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	215	105	110
Baltic languages	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	215	105	110
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	110	50	60
Russian	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	20
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	45	25	20
Serbian	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	100	40	55
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	50	20	30
German	50	20	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	25
Afrikaans	10	5	5
Dutch	35	15	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5
Danish	10	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	10
Indo-Iranian languages	70	30	40
Indo-Aryan languages	65	30	35
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	100	105
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	50	25	25
Portuguese	95	55	45
Romanian	10	5	5
Spanish	50	15	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	15
Chinese languages	15	5	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	5	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	5	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5
Hungarian	15	5	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	190	85	105
English and French	35	15	25
English and non-official language(s)	130	55	80
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	9,345	4,675	4,665
English	8,540	4,305	4,235
French	25	15	15
Non-official language	115	55	60
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	115	55	60
English and French	85	30	50
English and non-official language(s)	545	250	295
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	9,345	4,675	4,665
Single responses	9,210	4,615	4,595
Official languages	8,965	4,495	4,465
English	8,930	4,475	4,455
French	30	20	15
Non-official languages	250	120	125
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	250	120	125
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	195	95	100
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	90	45	40
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	90	45	40
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	40	25	20
Russian	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	25	15	10
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	5
German	5	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	20
Indo-Aryan languages	35	20	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	25	30
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	10
Portuguese	25	10	10
Romanian	5	5	5
Spanish	15	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	135	65	65
English and French	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	105	55	55
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	9,345	4,675	4,665
None	8,795	4,435	4,365
English	110	55	55
French	65	25	45
Non-official language	310	135	170
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	310	135	170
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	9,285	4,655	4,630
Official languages	9,250	4,645	4,610
English	9,250	4,645	4,610
French	715	280	435
Non-official languages	970	435	535
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	970	435	535
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	25	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	20	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	0	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	0	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	805	365	445
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	270	135	135
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	270	135	135
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	165	85	85
Russian	40	20	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	25	10	15
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	20	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	110	60	55
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	65	40	25
German	65	40	25
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	20	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	45	20	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	80	30	45
Indo-Aryan languages	80	30	45
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	0	10
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	25	10	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	10	25
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	340	140	200
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	120	60	65
Portuguese	110	65	50
Romanian	20	0	20
Spanish	105	25	85
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	55	25	30
American Sign Language	40	25	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10
Chinese languages	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	0	30
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	0	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,280	4,655	4,630
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	315	155	160
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	275	140	135
First Nations (North American Indian)	175	80	90
Métis	100	55	40
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	15	25
Non-Indigenous identity	8,965	4,495	4,475
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,280	4,655	4,630
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	125	65	60
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	9,155	4,590	4,570
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	3,520	...	...
Owner	2,835	...	...
Renter	690	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	3,520	...	...
Condominium	260	...	...
Not condominium	3,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	3,520	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...
1 bedroom	285	...	...
2 bedrooms	620	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,675	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	940	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	3,520	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	515	...	...
5 rooms	440	...	...
6 rooms	590	...	...
7 rooms	625	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	3,520	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,510	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	3,520	...	...
Suitable	3,405	...	...
Not suitable	120	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	3,520	...	...
1960 or before	965	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,205	...	...
1981 to 1990	195	...	...
1991 to 2000	345	...	...
2001 to 2005	605	...	...
2006 to 2010	130	...	...
2011 to 2015	60	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	3,520	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	205	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	3,520	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,475	...	...
Two-maintainer household	1,930	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	115	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	3,520	...	...
15 to 24 years	25	...	...
25 to 34 years	365	...	...
35 to 44 years	625	...	...
45 to 54 years	795	...	...
55 to 64 years	780	...	...
65 to 74 years	540	...	...
75 to 84 years	265	...	...
85 years and over	120	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	3,515	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,850	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	665	...	...
30% to less than 100%	610	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	3,520	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	915	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	610	...	...
Not suitable only	95	...	...
Major repairs needed only	145	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	2,605	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	3,465	...	...
In core need	415	...	...
Not in core need	3,050	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,830	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,760	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,684	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	755,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	765,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	685	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	38.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,254	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	9,280	4,650	4,630
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	55	30	25
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	55	30	25
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	55	30	25
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	395	205	190
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	390	205	190
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	300	160	140
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	40	45
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	8,830	4,420	4,410
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	9,280	4,650	4,630
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	9,115	4,585	4,535
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,975	1,055	915
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,145	3,525	3,620
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	165	70	95
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	9,280	4,650	4,630
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	8,240	4,200	4,040
Immigrants⁸¹	1,030	445	585
Before 1980	435	185	250
1980 to 1990	170	60	110
1991 to 2000	195	95	105
2001 to 2010	150	70	80
2011 to 2021⁸²	80	35	45
2011 to 2015	35	15	15
2016 to 2021	45	20	25
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,035	450	580
Under 5 years	140	70	70
5 to 14 years	255	105	150
15 to 24 years	230	80	150
25 to 44 years	355	170	185
45 years and over	50	20	30
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,035	450	580
Americas	140	55	90
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	20	10	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	10	0
Mexico	10	0	10
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	45	15	35
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10
Europe	725	325	405
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	10	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	50	35	15
Greece	10	0	10
Hungary	10	0	0
Italy	70	35	40
Netherlands	40	10	25
Poland	85	40	45
Portugal	60	30	30
Romania	25	0	20
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	15	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	290	125	170
Other places of birth in Europe	40	20	25
Africa	30	15	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	125	50	70
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	30	10	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	30	15	15
Pakistan	15	0	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	15	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	50	25	30
Americas	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	20	0	15
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	20	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	9,285	4,655	4,630
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,055	450	605
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,105	1,075	1,030
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,125	3,130	3,000
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	600	260	335
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	315	125	190
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	115	70	50
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	195	55	140
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	155	70	80
Refugees¹⁰⁸	110	60	50
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	600	260	335
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	20	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	90	30	60
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30	10	15
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	15	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	415	175	230
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	9,280	4,655	4,630
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	595	300	295
South Asian	170	85	90
Chinese	30	15	10
Black	115	50	65
Filipino	55	25	30
Arab	30	20	10
Latin American	60	20	40
Southeast Asian	10	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	40	15	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	35	0
Multiple visible minorities	35	15	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	8,685	4,355	4,330
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	9,285	4,655	4,630
Canadian	1,775	890	885
English	2,715	1,330	1,390
Irish	2,305	1,095	1,210
Scottish	2,255	1,120	1,130
French, n.o.s.¹²²	580	265	315
German	900	475	425
Chinese	45	25	25
Italian	660	365	295
Indian (India)	100	45	55
Ukrainian	215	110	105
Dutch	520	220	295
Polish	440	245	200
Québécois	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	520	255	260
Filipino	50	25	30
French Canadian	205	105	95
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	235	110	125
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	135	70	65
Métis	95	45	50
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	160	95	65
Russian	70	35	35
Norwegian	55	15	45
Welsh	260	110	150
Portuguese	290	155	135
American	90	30	55
Spanish	75	30	45
Swedish	25	20	0
Hungarian	90	45	45
Acadian	70	35	40
Pakistani	20	10	15
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	10	0	10
Jewish	25	20	10
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	10	15
Greek	100	55	50
Jamaican	100	45	55
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	35	30	10
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	50	20	25
Lebanese	30	15	10
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	75	30	45
Danish	90	40	50
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	60	20	40
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	45	30	15
Belgian	10	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	35	10	25
Mennonite	10	10	0
Swiss	85	50	35
Finnish	30	20	10
Sri Lankan	10	0	10
Croatian	80	45	30
Japanese	40	20	25
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	25	10
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	25	35
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	10	10
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	30	10	15
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	15	10	10
Czech	20	10	15
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	85	60	30
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	10	25
Serbian	15	0	10
Ojibway	45	30	10
Newfoundlander	45	15	30
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	100	45	50
Persian	25	10	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	15	10
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	35	20	15
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	20	10	10
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	10	15
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	10	0
Lithuanian	30	15	15
South African	20	10	10
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	45	25	25
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	30	10	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	40	30	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	35	0	35
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	15	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	30	0	25
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	0	25
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	0	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	15	10	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	15
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	9,280	4,655	4,625
Buddhist	20	10	10
Christian	5,435	2,570	2,865
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	595	285	305
Anabaptist	10	10	0
Anglican	690	285	405
Baptist	165	75	90
Catholic	2,565	1,210	1,360
Christian Orthodox	80	35	45
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	35	10	25
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	20	15
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	50	25	25
Presbyterian	250	120	130
Reformed	125	75	60
United Church	565	300	270
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	265	125	140
Hindu	35	15	15
Jewish	35	20	15
Muslim	60	40	20
Sikh	10	0	10
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	70	25	40
No religion and secular perspectives	3,615	1,965	1,650
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	9,205	4,630	4,570
Non-movers	8,575	4,335	4,240
Movers	630	300	325
Non-migrants	215	110	105
Migrants	415	195	225
Internal migrants	405	190	220
Intraprovincial migrants	390	185	210
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	10
External migrants	10	10	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	8,780	4,425	4,355
Non-movers	6,450	3,265	3,190
Movers	2,330	1,165	1,170
Non-migrants	745	380	365
Migrants	1,585	785	800
Internal migrants	1,550	765	785
Intraprovincial migrants	1,475	730	750
Interprovincial migrants	70	35	35
External migrants	35	20	20
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,700	3,820	3,880
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,495	925	565
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,210	2,895	3,315
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,055	2,500	2,555
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	570	390	180
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,485	2,105	2,380
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,700	3,820	3,885
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,360	845	515
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,510	1,185	1,325
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,830	1,790	2,045
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,575	1,305	1,275
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	520	395	125
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	240	150	90
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	280	245	30
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,945	850	1,095
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	55	55
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,255	485	770
Bachelor's degree	955	385	570
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	85	20	65
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10
Master's degree	175	70	110
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	15	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,055	2,495	2,560
No certificate, diploma or degree	490	355	135
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,465	745	725
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,095	1,400	1,700
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,065	1,030	1,035
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	370	285	85
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	160	100	60
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	210	180	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,610	710	895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	80	30	50
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,035	370	665
Bachelor's degree	790	295	490
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	70	15	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10
Master's degree	150	50	105
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	15	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,705	3,820	3,885
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,870	2,030	1,840
Education	190	25	170
13. Education	190	25	170
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	125	45	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	115	35	75
Humanities	190	75	110
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	40	15	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35	10	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	20	0
54. History	50	20	30
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	525	135	390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	20	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	100	0	95
22. Legal professions and studies	95	0	85
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	10
42. Psychology	85	10	80
45. Social sciences	180	90	85
Business, management and public administration	775	235	540
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	15	65
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	695	225	470
Physical and life sciences and technologies	145	65	80
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	30	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	10	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	40	20	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130	90	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	105	80	25
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	845	805	40
04. Architecture and related services	25	25	0
14. Engineering	90	65	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	185	175	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	170	165	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	265	265	0
48. Precision production	110	110	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	115	55	60
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	90	40	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	15	15
Health and related fields	475	75	400
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	50	40
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	385	25	360
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	320	180	140
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	105	30	75
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	170	105	65
49. Transportation and materials moving	45	45	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	5,055	2,500	2,555
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,955	1,095	860
Education	175	25	150
13. Education	175	25	150
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	95	30	65
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	90	25	60
Humanities	135	60	75
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	15	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0
54. History	40	15	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	430	95	335
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	15	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	95	0	90
22. Legal professions and studies	85	0	80
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0
42. Psychology	70	0	65
45. Social sciences	140	60	75
Business, management and public administration	665	205	460
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	75	0	65
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	590	200	395
Physical and life sciences and technologies	120	45	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	20	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	10	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	25	15	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	100	75	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	90	65	20
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	645	605	40
04. Architecture and related services	20	20	0
14. Engineering	50	25	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	155	140	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	130	125	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	210	210	0
48. Precision production	80	80	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	100	55	45
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80	40	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	10	15
Health and related fields	380	70	310
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	45	30
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	305	25	280
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	245	135	110
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	70	20	50
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	135	75	60
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	40	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	5,055	2,500	2,555
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,955	1,095	860
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,100	1,395	1,700
Location of study inside Canada	2,885	1,310	1,575
Same as province or territory of residence	2,725	1,230	1,495
Different than province or territory of residence	160	75	80
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	215	90	125
Americas	35	10	25
United States of America	30	10	20
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	100	45	55
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	25	10	20
Romania	10	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	25	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	55	25	25
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	20	0	20
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	15	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	10	0	10
Australia	10	0	10
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	7,700	3,820	3,885
In the labour force	5,380	2,805	2,575
Employed	4,885	2,555	2,330
Unemployed	490	245	245
Not in the labour force	2,325	1,015	1,305
Participation rate	69.9	73.4	66.3
Employment rate	63.4	66.9	60.0
Unemployment rate	9.1	8.7	9.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	7,705	3,820	3,885
Did not work¹⁸⁶	2,360	1,060	1,300
Worked	5,345	2,765	2,580
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,085	1,765	1,320
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,260	995	1,265
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	43.9	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	5,375	2,805	2,575
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	100	75	30
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	5,270	2,725	2,545
Employee	4,720	2,400	2,315
Permanent position	4,255	2,195	2,060
Temporary position	460	205	255
Fixed term (1 year or more)	155	60	90
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	300	135	165
Self-employed¹⁹²	560	330	225
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	5,375	2,805	2,575
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	100	75	30
All occupations¹⁹¹	5,270	2,725	2,545
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	35	25	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	925	230	695
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	300	225	80
3 Health occupations	215	20	195
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	640	205	435
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	170	75	90
6 Sales and service occupations	1,415	595	820
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,135	1,040	95
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	100	80	25
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	345	245	100
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	5,375	2,805	2,575
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	100	75	30
All industries¹⁹¹	5,270	2,725	2,545
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	45	25	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	15	10
22 Utilities	35	20	15
23 Construction	490	435	55
31-33 Manufacturing	730	495	235
41 Wholesale trade	385	205	180
44-45 Retail trade	635	280	355
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	330	230	100
51 Information and cultural industries	80	35	50
52 Finance and insurance	170	60	110
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	60	30	30
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	315	140	180
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	230	140	90
61 Educational services	375	85	290
62 Health care and social assistance	415	75	340
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	95	40	55
72 Accommodation and food services	280	105	175
81 Other services (except public administration)	260	165	90
91 Public administration	300	145	155
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	5,690	2,925	2,765
English	5,505	2,850	2,655
French	10	0	10
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	110	45	65
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	5,690	2,925	2,765
Single responses	5,675	2,920	2,760
Official languages	5,665	2,915	2,755
English	5,640	2,910	2,730
French	25	0	25
Non-official languages	10	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	10
English and French	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	5,690	2,925	2,765
None	5,535	2,860	2,680
English	20	10	10
French	85	40	50
Non-official language	40	15	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	15	20
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	4,885	2,560	2,330
Worked at home	1,060	445	620
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	615	485	130
Usual place of work	3,215	1,635	1,580
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,210	1,635	1,580
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,410	625	785
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	555	300	260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,235	710	525
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,825	2,115	1,710
Car, truck or van	3,535	1,995	1,540
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,270	1,850	1,415
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	265	140	120
Public transit	25	0	25
Walked	200	105	105
Bicycle	10	0	0
Other method	50	10	40
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,825	2,115	1,710
Less than 15 minutes	975	415	565
15 to 29 minutes	1,035	535	490
30 to 44 minutes	795	490	310
45 to 59 minutes	540	330	210
60 minutes and over	480	345	135
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,825	2,115	1,710
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	395	260	135
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	765	530	235
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,010	500	510
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	540	220	315
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	360	130	235
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	750	470	280
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,080	1,100	975
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	170	95	75
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,910	1,010	900
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,540	840	700
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	130	70	55
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55	25	25
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	45	30
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,410	765	640

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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