Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CranbrookMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	20,008	...	...
Population, 2016¹	19,641^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,831	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,558	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,225.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	16.32	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	20,000	9,770	10,230
0 to 14 years	2,970	1,515	1,455
0 to 4 years	860	445	415
5 to 9 years	990	500	485
10 to 14 years	1,125	565	560
15 to 64 years	12,335	6,140	6,200
15 to 19 years	1,040	520	515
20 to 24 years	1,155	600	560
25 to 29 years	1,240	645	595
30 to 34 years	1,250	640	610
35 to 39 years	1,230	625	600
40 to 44 years	1,195	585	615
45 to 49 years	1,135	535	600
50 to 54 years	1,225	585	650
55 to 59 years	1,410	710	705
60 to 64 years	1,455	695	760
65 years and over	4,695	2,120	2,575
65 to 69 years	1,410	660	750
70 to 74 years	1,160	545	620
75 to 79 years	885	405	480
80 to 84 years	615	275	335
85 years and over	625	240	385
85 to 89 years	390	140	250
90 to 94 years	190	80	110
95 to 99 years	40	25	20
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.5	14.2
15 to 64 years	61.7	62.8	60.6
65 years and over	23.5	21.7	25.2
85 years and over	3.1	2.5	3.8
Average age of the population	44.2	43.0	45.3
Median age of the population	44.8	42.8	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,560	...	...
Single-detached house	5,560	...	...
Semi-detached house	470	...	...
Row house	535	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	230	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,295	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	430	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,555	...	...
1 person	2,545	...	...
2 persons	3,390	...	...
3 persons	1,195	...	...
4 persons	930	...	...
5 or more persons	500	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,335	9,480	9,850
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	17,030	8,260	8,775
Married or living common-law	9,765	4,865	4,900
Married	7,795	3,880	3,920
Living common-law	1,965	985	980
Living common law - Never married	1,305	670	640
Living common law - Separated	120	50	65
Living common law - Divorced	470	230	240
Living common law - Widowed	70	30	40
Not married and not living common-law	7,265	3,395	3,875
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,360	2,425	1,940
Not married and not living common law - Separated	555	255	305
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,280	480	800
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,070	235	835
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,695	...	...
2 persons	3,395	...	...
3 persons	1,080	...	...
4 persons	860	...	...
5 or more persons	360	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,695	...	...
Total couple families	4,755	...	...
Married couples	3,770	...	...
With children⁶	1,585	...	...
Without children	2,185	...	...
Common-law couples	980	...	...
With children⁶	355	...	...
Without children	630	...	...
Total one-parent families	945	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	715	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	230	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,335	9,480	9,850
Total - Persons in census families	15,370	7,615	7,760
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,505	4,750	4,755
Parents in one-parent families	940	230	710
Children⁶	4,925	2,635	2,290
In a two-parent family	3,500	1,905	1,595
In a one-parent family	1,425	730	695
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,965	1,870	2,090
Living alone	2,545	1,135	1,410
Living with other relatives⁷	360	160	205
Living with non-relatives only	1,060	580	480
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,560	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,125	...	...
Couple-family households	4,355	...	...
With children⁶	1,765	...	...
Without children	2,590	...	...
One-parent-family households	770	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	120	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	315	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	415	...	...
One-person households	2,545	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,375	7,975	8,400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,970	7,790	8,185
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,400	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,980	7,790	8,190
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	45,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,330	7,170	7,160
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	44,800	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,200	5,795	5,400
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	48,000	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,460	6,155	7,295
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	10,500	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,615	815	805
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,685	1,635	2,045
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,340	7,935	8,405
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,970	7,755	8,215
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,840	61,500	40,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,980	7,760	8,220
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,840	51,650	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,415	7,210	7,200
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,080	56,450	33,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,155	5,775	5,385
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680	57,200	35,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,445	6,195	7,245
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,050	11,310	12,690
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,640	810	830
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,590	6,330	6,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,695	1,675	2,020
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,380	7,730	8,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,345	7,940	8,405
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,935	2,865	2,065
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	74,500	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,800	76,900	57,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,780	2,175	2,610
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	28,200	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,200	42,120	23,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	85.4	72.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2	69.2	57.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.0	14.7	27.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.5	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	2.7	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,370	7,970	8,405
Without total income	405	185	215
With total income	15,970	7,785	8,185
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,190	455	730
$10,000 to $19,999	1,820	655	1,160
$20,000 to $29,999	2,510	965	1,540
$30,000 to $39,999	2,225	935	1,290
$40,000 to $49,999	1,880	835	1,045
$50,000 to $59,999	1,565	745	825
$60,000 to $69,999	1,120	610	515
$70,000 to $79,999	870	555	320
$80,000 to $89,999	650	410	240
$90,000 to $99,999	540	370	170
$100,000 and over	1,605	1,250	355
$100,000 to $149,999	1,235	955	275
$150,000 and over	375	300	80
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,370	7,970	8,405
Without after-tax income	390	180	215
With after-tax income	15,980	7,795	8,185
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,250	480	770
$10,000 to $19,999	1,880	685	1,200
$20,000 to $29,999	2,875	1,135	1,740
$30,000 to $39,999	2,525	1,060	1,470
$40,000 to $49,999	2,120	980	1,140
$50,000 to $59,999	1,575	850	730
$60,000 to $69,999	1,120	700	420
$70,000 to $79,999	815	530	285
$80,000 to $89,999	690	500	195
$90,000 to $99,999	420	320	100
$100,000 and over	705	555	150
$100,000 to $124,999	415	335	85
$125,000 and over	285	225	65
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,370	7,970	8,405
Without employment income	5,175	2,175	3,000
With employment income	11,195	5,795	5,405
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,515	725	785
$5,000 to $9,999	810	330	480
$10,000 to $19,999	1,325	545	775
$20,000 to $29,999	1,140	480	665
$30,000 to $39,999	1,055	440	620
$40,000 to $49,999	1,055	475	580
$50,000 to $59,999	935	425	515
$60,000 to $69,999	635	355	275
$70,000 to $79,999	570	380	190
$80,000 to $89,999	475	320	150
$90,000 to $99,999	445	310	130
$100,000 and over	1,240	1,015	225
$100,000 to $124,999	730	580	150
$125,000 and over	510	430	80
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,375	7,975	8,400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,630	7,605	8,025
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	50,400	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,655	7,605	8,050
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	44,000	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,260	7,100	7,165
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	46,000	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,830	6,060	5,765
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	46,000	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,165	4,765	6,400
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	9,600	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,300	625	670
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,040	5,160	4,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,340	7,935	8,405
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,650	7,595	8,055
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,280	61,150	38,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,660	7,600	8,060
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,840	50,680	33,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,415	7,170	7,250
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,680	58,000	33,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,895	6,085	5,810
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,920	56,500	32,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,295	4,830	6,460
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,930	10,060	9,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,345	670	670
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,620	6,330	6,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,345	7,940	8,405
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,915	2,865	2,050
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	70,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,000	75,600	52,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,630	2,100	2,530
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	33,200	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,320	48,640	26,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	89.6	79.2
Employment income (%)	69.4	74.0	62.2
Government transfers (%)	14.6	10.5	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,560	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,545	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,010	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,545	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,535	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,080	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,010	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,560	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	70	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	175	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	390	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	305	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	300	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	350	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	380	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	650	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	645	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	575	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	560	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	500	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,245	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,040	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	770	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	880	...	...
$200,000 and over	560	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,560	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	175	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	405	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	360	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	365	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	375	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	420	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	420	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	740	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	705	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	690	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	595	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	550	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,600	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,130	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	645	...	...
$150,000 and over	825	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,685	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,675	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,960	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	895	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,605	1,710	1,890
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	40,800	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	36,800	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,685	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,625	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,970	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	885	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,600	1,750	1,845
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,840	53,850	40,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,840	45,440	36,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,335	9,485	9,850
0 to 17 years	3,600	1,840	1,760
0 to 5 years	1,050	540	515
18 to 64 years	11,440	5,655	5,780
65 years and over	4,300	1,990	2,310
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,755	745	1,010
0 to 17 years	330	165	170
0 to 5 years	100	50	50
18 to 64 years	855	390	465
65 years and over	570	190	375
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.1	7.9	10.2
0 to 17 years (%)	9.2	9.0	9.5
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6	9.2	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	6.9	8.0
65 years and over (%)	13.2	9.6	16.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	19,335	9,480	9,850
0 to 17 years	3,595	1,835	1,760
0 to 5 years	1,055	540	510
18 to 64 years	11,435	5,655	5,785
65 years and over	4,300	1,995	2,305
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	430	220	215
0 to 17 years	95	40	50
0 to 5 years	25	10	10
18 to 64 years	295	160	135
65 years and over	50	20	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.3	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.3	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.4	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.8	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.1	0.9	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,335	9,485	9,850
In bottom half of the distribution	9,615	4,490	5,125
In bottom decile	1,700	730	970
In second decile	1,840	845	995
In third decile	2,090	995	1,100
In fourth decile	1,965	920	1,045
In fifth decile	2,015	1,000	1,015
In top half of the distribution	9,720	4,990	4,725
In sixth decile	2,155	1,065	1,090
In seventh decile	2,040	1,035	1,010
In eighth decile	1,990	1,035	955
In ninth decile	2,125	1,115	1,005
In top decile	1,410	740	665
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,335	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.287	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.401	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,480	9,555	9,920
English only	18,600	9,165	9,435
French only	5	0	5
English and French	835	380	460
Neither English nor French	40	15	25
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,480	9,555	9,920
English	19,265	9,465	9,800
French	170	80	85
English and French	15	5	10
Neither English nor French	30	15	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,480	9,555	9,920
Single responses	19,215	9,435	9,775
Official languages	17,970	8,850	9,115
English	17,785	8,770	9,020
French	185	85	95
Non-official languages	1,245	585	665
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10
Algonquian languages	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	5	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,235	580	655
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	100	30	70
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	5
Indonesian	5	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	20	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	855	420	435
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	50	65
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	110	45	65
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	5
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	15	10	10
Russian	35	10	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5
Ukrainian	25	15	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	295	130	165
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	195	85	110
German	180	80	105
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	10	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	40
Afrikaans	30	10	15
Dutch	45	25	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	5	10
Danish	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	235	135	100
Indo-Aryan languages	230	130	100
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10
Hindi	40	25	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	90	75
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	210	100	105
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	115	55	55
Portuguese	15	10	10
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	70	30	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	15
Korean	50	30	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	45	60
Chinese languages	95	45	50
Hakka	5	5	0
Mandarin	55	20	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	10
Burmese	10	5	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10
Lao	5	0	0
Thai	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5
Hungarian	20	10	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	265	125	140
English and French	45	20	25
English and non-official language(s)	200	95	105
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,480	9,555	9,920
English	18,325	9,020	9,305
French	30	15	20
Non-official language	185	90	90
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	185	90	90
English and French	80	35	45
English and non-official language(s)	810	375	435
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,480	9,555	9,920
Single responses	19,300	9,475	9,825
Official languages	18,870	9,260	9,610
English	18,825	9,240	9,585
French	40	20	20
Non-official languages	435	220	215
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	435	220	215
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	15	20
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	275	140	135
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	15
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	10
German	10	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5
Afrikaans	10	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	85	75
Indo-Aryan languages	160	80	75
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	5
Hindi	25	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	60	55
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	35
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	25	15	15
Portuguese	10	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	5
Korean	35	25	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	25
Chinese languages	40	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5
Burmese	10	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	180	85	95
English and French	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	165	80	85
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,480	9,560	9,920
None	18,675	9,190	9,485
English	175	85	90
French	70	25	40
Non-official language	445	200	245
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10
Non-Indigenous	430	190	235
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	25
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,325	9,450	9,875
Official languages	19,265	9,430	9,835
English	19,255	9,425	9,830
French	795	380	410
Non-official languages	1,905	875	1,030
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	20	25
Algonquian languages	15	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	25	0	15
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,860	860	1,000
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	20	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	15	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	220	95	120
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	200	90	115
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Creole languages	45	15	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	40	10	25
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	35	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	30	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,140	510	630
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	150	65	85
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	150	65	85
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	25	15	10
Russian	70	30	40
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	25
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10
Serbian	15	0	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	10
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	390	160	235
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	225	75	150
German	220	75	140
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	75	80
Afrikaans	125	50	75
Dutch	45	30	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	10
Danish	15	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	270	140	130
Indo-Aryan languages	265	140	130
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	0	15
Hindi	170	90	80
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230	115	110
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	345	145	195
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	125	60	65
Portuguese	15	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	215	80	135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	40	25	15
Korean	35	20	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	10
American Sign Language	15	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	215	80	130
Chinese languages	190	80	110
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	130	55	70
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	0	20
Burmese	30	0	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	25	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	40	25	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,320	9,445	9,875
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,985	985	995
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,925	960	965
First Nations (North American Indian)	790	365	425
Métis	1,115	590	525
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	0	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	20	20
Non-Indigenous identity	17,335	8,460	8,875
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,320	9,445	9,875
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	505	220	285
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	18,815	9,225	9,590
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,545	...	...
Owner	6,215	...	...
Renter	2,325	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,545	...	...
Condominium	850	...	...
Not condominium	7,690	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,545	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...
1 bedroom	745	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,140	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,630	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,990	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,545	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,985	...	...
5 rooms	1,325	...	...
6 rooms	1,170	...	...
7 rooms	1,170	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,895	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,545	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,495	...	...
More than one person per room	45	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,545	...	...
Suitable	8,330	...	...
Not suitable	210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,545	...	...
1960 or before	1,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,465	...	...
1981 to 1990	920	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,285	...	...
2001 to 2005	275	...	...
2006 to 2010	490	...	...
2011 to 2015	355	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,545	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,990	...	...
Major repairs needed	550	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,545	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,460	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,770	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	310	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,545	...	...
15 to 24 years	300	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,125	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,315	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,315	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,710	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,540	...	...
75 to 84 years	915	...	...
85 years and over	315	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,530	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,215	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,310	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,540	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,920	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,190	...	...
Not suitable only	170	...	...
Major repairs needed only	405	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,625	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,435	...	...
In core need	680	...	...
Not in core need	7,750	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,220	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	380,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	387,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,325	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,072	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,320	9,445	9,870
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	590	305	285
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	575	300	275
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	360	155	205
Métis single ancestry	215	145	65
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,525	740	790
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,480	710	765
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	815	400	420
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	640	310	330
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	30	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	30	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	17,200	8,405	8,800
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,320	9,450	9,870
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	18,385	9,010	9,375
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,485	1,765	1,720
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,900	7,245	7,655
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	935	435	495
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,320	9,450	9,870
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	17,225	8,455	8,775
Immigrants⁸¹	1,715	810	905
Before 1980	680	345	340
1980 to 1990	150	50	95
1991 to 2000	145	55	95
2001 to 2010	240	120	115
2011 to 2021⁸²	495	240	255
2011 to 2015	200	80	125
2016 to 2021	295	160	135
Non-permanent residents⁸³	375	180	195
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,715	815	905
Under 5 years	185	125	60
5 to 14 years	305	135	170
15 to 24 years	355	160	190
25 to 44 years	780	325	450
45 years and over	95	60	45
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,715	815	905
Americas	355	140	220
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	15	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	105	45	60
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	200	70	130
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	0
Europe	735	365	365
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	15
Croatia	20	10	10
France	15	0	10
Germany	110	35	75
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	15	10	0
Italy	75	45	25
Netherlands	30	25	0
Poland	10	0	10
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	55	30	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	280	150	130
Other places of birth in Europe	85	40	40
Africa	155	75	75
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	25	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	90	35	50
Other places of birth in Africa	30	15	20
Asia	445	210	240
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	50	25	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15
Taiwan	35	15	20
Philippines	175	70	100
Viet Nam	20	0	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	45	20	25
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	25	30
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30	20	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	295	160	135
Americas	130	65	65
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	100	45	55
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	25	10	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	20	10	10
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	25	15	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	110	60	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	20	10	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	90	50	40
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0
Australia	10	10	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,320	9,450	9,875
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,200	1,055	1,145
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,830	1,375	1,455
Third generation or more¹⁰²	14,290	7,015	7,270
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,030	460	570
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	610	310	295
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	280	170	105
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	330	140	185
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	365	120	240
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55	25	25
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,030	460	570
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	260	110	145
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	60	10	50
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	85	35	40
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	605	295	315
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,320	9,445	9,875
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,370	675	700
South Asian	365	185	180
Chinese	240	105	140
Black	190	95	95
Filipino	270	120	150
Arab	15	15	0
Latin American	70	25	45
Southeast Asian	115	55	60
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	30	20	15
Japanese	55	45	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	20	15	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	17,945	8,775	9,175
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,320	9,450	9,875
Canadian	2,705	1,340	1,365
English	6,145	2,930	3,220
Irish	3,545	1,595	1,945
Scottish	4,225	2,025	2,200
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,080	1,020	1,055
German	3,555	1,675	1,880
Chinese	200	95	110
Italian	1,225	645	585
Indian (India)	230	115	120
Ukrainian	1,270	640	635
Dutch	860	460	395
Polish	600	245	355
Québécois	20	0	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	725	425	305
Filipino	205	75	130
French Canadian	185	85	100
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	340	165	170
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	575	250	325
Métis	920	485	435
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	450	255	190
Russian	665	310	350
Norwegian	1,045	470	580
Welsh	500	220	280
Portuguese	55	25	25
American	340	145	195
Spanish	145	55	90
Swedish	785	370	415
Hungarian	310	140	170
Acadian	25	25	0
Pakistani	10	0	10
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	70	30	40
Jewish	60	35	25
Punjabi	60	40	20
Vietnamese	35	15	15
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	10	0
Greek	45	35	10
Jamaican	45	20	30
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	95	50	45
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	165	75	90
Korean	30	15	15
Romanian	150	75	75
Lebanese	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20	10	10
Danish	305	125	180
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	145	90	60
Sikh	40	10	25
Austrian	210	80	130
Belgian	95	40	50
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	35	10	30
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	90	35	55
Swiss	75	20	60
Finnish	155	50	110
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	95	55	35
Japanese	65	45	25
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	10	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40	25	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	235	105	130
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	115	75	40
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	90	40	45
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	15	10	10
Ojibway	45	20	25
Newfoundlander	15	10	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	30	15	15
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	50	35	15
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	65	30	35
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	70	30	45
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	125	65	60
Australian	55	30	25
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	15
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	35	15	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	15	10
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	80	30	50
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	10	10	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	10	20
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	0	10
Indonesian	15	10	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	50	15	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	10
British Columbian	165	70	95
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	10
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	0	15
New Zealander	30	15	10
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	10	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	15	0	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	30	20	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	30	0	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,320	9,445	9,875
Buddhist	85	35	55
Christian	7,805	3,475	4,330
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,995	970	1,025
Anabaptist	60	30	35
Anglican	540	220	315
Baptist	285	110	170
Catholic	2,460	1,090	1,370
Christian Orthodox	100	55	50
Jehovah's Witness	165	50	110
Latter Day Saints	185	85	105
Lutheran	340	130	210
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	20	30
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	190	75	115
Presbyterian	180	75	105
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	750	345	405
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	510	225	285
Hindu	120	50	75
Jewish	15	15	0
Muslim	45	30	20
Sikh	155	85	70
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	0	20
Other religions and spiritual traditions	145	60	85
No religion and secular perspectives	10,930	5,700	5,230
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,200	9,385	9,815
Non-movers	16,605	8,180	8,430
Movers	2,595	1,210	1,390
Non-migrants	1,595	730	860
Migrants	1,000	475	525
Internal migrants	955	465	490
Intraprovincial migrants	565	255	310
Interprovincial migrants	395	210	185
External migrants	40	10	35
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,435	8,995	9,445
Non-movers	10,425	5,110	5,315
Movers	8,010	3,885	4,130
Non-migrants	3,520	1,700	1,820
Migrants	4,490	2,185	2,310
Internal migrants	4,060	1,995	2,070
Intraprovincial migrants	2,900	1,400	1,505
Interprovincial migrants	1,165	595	565
External migrants	425	190	235
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,340	7,940	8,405
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,915	1,550	1,365
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,430	6,390	7,040
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,895	4,935	4,960
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,080	585	495
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,820	4,355	4,470
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,340	7,935	8,405
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,570	1,300	1,270
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,515	2,665	2,850
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,260	3,975	4,285
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,915	2,910	3,005
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,715	1,395	320
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	550	300	250
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,165	1,095	75
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,790	1,375	2,415
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	410	145	265
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,345	1,065	1,280
Bachelor's degree	1,600	720	880
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	115	50	70
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	75	15
Master's degree	490	195	295
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	20	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,895	4,940	4,955
No certificate, diploma or degree	930	495	435
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,165	1,685	1,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,805	2,755	3,050
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,075	2,030	2,045
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,145	965	175
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	330	195	140
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	815	770	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,660	970	1,685
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	275	95	180
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,730	730	1,005
Bachelor's degree	1,210	510	700
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	85	45	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	40	15
Master's degree	355	125	235
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,340	7,940	8,405
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,080	3,965	4,115
Education	665	130	535
13. Education	665	130	535
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	170	95	70
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	0
50. Visual and performing arts	135	70	65
Humanities	260	145	110
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	45	15	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	120	70	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	10
54. History	30	20	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	590	180	410
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	20	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	155	10	140
22. Legal professions and studies	105	15	80
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	100	40	60
45. Social sciences	155	85	70
Business, management and public administration	1,810	620	1,190
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	35	145
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,620	575	1,040
Physical and life sciences and technologies	255	130	125
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	35	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	35	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	80	65	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	145	75	70
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	120	70	55
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,950	1,830	120
04. Architecture and related services	50	30	20
14. Engineering	105	85	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	390	350	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	580	570	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	600	580	20
48. Precision production	225	215	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	285	195	90
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	60	30	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	170	55
Health and related fields	1,575	260	1,310
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	140	65	75
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,375	160	1,215
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	40	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	560	310	250
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	315	95	220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	95	65	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	140	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,900	4,940	4,960
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,095	2,180	1,915
Education	435	75	360
13. Education	435	75	360
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	120	85	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	30	0
50. Visual and performing arts	90	60	30
Humanities	195	110	85
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	40	15	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	50	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10
54. History	20	15	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	460	110	345
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	20	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	125	10	115
22. Legal professions and studies	90	15	75
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	0
42. Psychology	65	15	45
45. Social sciences	110	50	60
Business, management and public administration	1,295	445	850
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	155	30	125
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,140	415	725
Physical and life sciences and technologies	150	70	80
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	15	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	20	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	40	35	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	125	65	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	60	55
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,345	1,265	75
04. Architecture and related services	40	20	20
14. Engineering	80	65	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	250	230	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	405	405	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	405	390	10
48. Precision production	160	160	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	210	140	70
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	45	15	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	125	45
Health and related fields	1,090	190	900
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	55	55
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	940	110	830
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	20	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	375	205	170
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	195	55	140
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	85	50	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	100	100	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,900	4,940	4,960
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,095	2,180	1,915
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,805	2,760	3,050
Location of study inside Canada	5,185	2,470	2,710
Same as province or territory of residence	3,535	1,625	1,910
Different than province or territory of residence	1,650	850	800
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	620	285	330
Americas	155	55	100
United States of America	140	45	95
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	90	50	35
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	15	15
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	40	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	75	35	40
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	20	30
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	280	125	155
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	30	20	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10
Philippines	105	40	65
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	115	55	60
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	20	15	0
Australia	20	15	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,340	7,935	8,405
In the labour force	10,105	5,175	4,930
Employed	9,360	4,810	4,550
Unemployed	750	365	385
Not in the labour force	6,235	2,760	3,475
Participation rate	61.8	65.2	58.7
Employment rate	57.3	60.6	54.1
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.1	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,340	7,940	8,405
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,280	2,735	3,545
Worked	10,065	5,200	4,860
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,005	2,915	2,090
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,050	2,285	2,770
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	42.3	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,110	5,180	4,930
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	85	110
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,915	5,095	4,820
Employee	8,775	4,455	4,315
Permanent position	7,540	3,930	3,605
Temporary position	1,230	525	705
Fixed term (1 year or more)	270	105	165
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	960	415	545
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,140	635	505
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,110	5,180	4,930
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	85	110
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,915	5,095	4,820
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	75	40	40
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,415	360	1,055
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	450	355	90
3 Health occupations	835	130	705
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,075	370	705
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	270	105	165
6 Sales and service occupations	2,905	1,110	1,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,285	2,100	185
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	330	275	60
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	275	250	30
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,110	5,180	4,930
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	85	110
All industries¹⁹¹	9,915	5,095	4,820
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	110	90	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	495	475	20
22 Utilities	40	30	10
23 Construction	830	705	130
31-33 Manufacturing	465	370	90
41 Wholesale trade	260	215	45
44-45 Retail trade	1,710	740	970
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	535	430	105
51 Information and cultural industries	135	90	45
52 Finance and insurance	305	95	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	120	60	65
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	410	205	205
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	380	220	155
61 Educational services	670	190	480
62 Health care and social assistance	1,425	250	1,175
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	215	95	115
72 Accommodation and food services	770	275	495
81 Other services (except public administration)	490	240	250
91 Public administration	530	295	235
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,880	5,555	5,330
English	10,745	5,525	5,220
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	10	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0
English and French	45	0	40
English and non-official language(s)	85	20	60
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,880	5,555	5,330
Single responses	10,880	5,555	5,330
Official languages	10,870	5,550	5,325
English	10,870	5,550	5,325
French	0	0	0
Non-official languages	10	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,880	5,555	5,330
None	10,755	5,530	5,230
English	0	0	0
French	45	0	40
Non-official language	80	15	60
Indigenous³⁹	40	10	35
Non-Indigenous	35	10	25
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,360	4,815	4,550
Worked at home	840	335	505
Worked outside Canada	30	20	10
No fixed workplace address	1,490	1,150	340
Usual place of work	7,000	3,305	3,690
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,000	3,305	3,690
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,465	2,225	3,235
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,050	790	260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	75	60	15
Commute to a different province or territory	410	220	190
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,490	4,455	4,035
Car, truck or van	7,395	3,995	3,395
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,735	3,670	3,065
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	660	325	335
Public transit	70	45	25
Walked	775	290	485
Bicycle	90	50	40
Other method	160	75	85
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,490	4,455	4,035
Less than 15 minutes	5,745	2,630	3,115
15 to 29 minutes	1,310	705	605
30 to 44 minutes	535	345	190
45 to 59 minutes	285	230	55
60 minutes and over	615	550	70
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,490	4,455	4,035
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	575	430	145
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,205	740	465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,020	1,200	815
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,220	880	1,340
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,180	445	740
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,295	770	530
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,680	1,880	1,800
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	155	80	75
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,530	1,800	1,725
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,750	1,400	1,350
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	120	70	55
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	25	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	40	35
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,630	1,335	1,295

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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