Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	ElmiraMore information: Ontario [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	10,790	...	...
Population, 2016¹	10,273^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	4,173	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,103	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,323.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8.15	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	10,790	5,235	5,550
0 to 14 years	2,030	1,030	1,000
0 to 4 years	670	340	335
5 to 9 years	665	335	330
10 to 14 years	690	350	340
15 to 64 years	6,765	3,335	3,430
15 to 19 years	675	350	330
20 to 24 years	535	285	250
25 to 29 years	545	265	280
30 to 34 years	760	370	390
35 to 39 years	795	390	405
40 to 44 years	725	370	360
45 to 49 years	680	335	350
50 to 54 years	630	315	315
55 to 59 years	750	360	385
60 to 64 years	670	305	370
65 years and over	1,995	875	1,115
65 to 69 years	560	265	295
70 to 74 years	510	215	290
75 to 79 years	425	215	210
80 to 84 years	225	90	135
85 years and over	275	85	185
85 to 89 years	150	60	90
90 to 94 years	95	20	70
95 to 99 years	30	5	20
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.7	18.0
15 to 64 years	62.7	63.7	61.8
65 years and over	18.5	16.7	20.1
85 years and over	2.5	1.6	3.3
Average age of the population	40.9	39.5	42.1
Median age of the population	40.4	39.2	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,100	...	...
Single-detached house	2,765	...	...
Semi-detached house	515	...	...
Row house	235	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	70	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	510	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,105	...	...
1 person	930	...	...
2 persons	1,455	...	...
3 persons	610	...	...
4 persons	755	...	...
5 or more persons	350	...	...
Number of persons in private households	10,580	5,165	5,410
Average household size	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	8,760	4,210	4,555
Married or living common-law	5,590	2,790	2,800
Married	4,975	2,485	2,490
Living common-law	615	305	310
Living common law - Never married	405	195	205
Living common law - Separated	50	25	25
Living common law - Divorced	150	75	75
Living common law - Widowed	15	10	5
Not married and not living common-law	3,175	1,420	1,750
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,045	1,085	960
Not married and not living common law - Separated	190	90	105
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	410	155	255
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	525	90	435
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	3,125	...	...
2 persons	1,495	...	...
3 persons	610	...	...
4 persons	720	...	...
5 or more persons	300	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	3,125	...	...
Total couple families	2,750	...	...
Married couples	2,445	...	...
With children⁶	1,355	...	...
Without children	1,090	...	...
Common-law couples	305	...	...
With children⁶	115	...	...
Without children	190	...	...
Total one-parent families	370	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	290	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	80	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	10,580	5,165	5,410
Total - Persons in census families	9,290	4,620	4,670
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,505	2,745	2,755
Parents in one-parent families	375	80	295
Children⁶	3,415	1,790	1,625
In a two-parent family	2,825	1,495	1,330
In a one-parent family	585	295	290
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,290	550	740
Living alone	930	380	555
Living with other relatives⁷	145	55	90
Living with non-relatives only	215	120	95
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,105	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,910	...	...
Couple-family households	2,600	...	...
With children⁶	1,400	...	...
Without children	1,200	...	...
One-parent-family households	310	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	65	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	80	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	105	...	...
One-person households	930	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	8,550	4,140	4,410
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,300	4,020	4,280
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	62,800	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,305	4,020	4,285
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	53,600	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,840	3,850	3,990
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	59,600	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,530	3,350	3,175
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	61,200	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,240	3,425	3,815
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	2,580	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	595	215	380
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	4,560	6,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,675	735	940
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	8,525	4,120	4,410
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,300	4,005	4,295
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,550	69,500	48,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,300	4,005	4,295
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	57,300	41,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,885	3,830	4,055
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,250	65,800	41,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,495	3,320	3,175
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,600	63,350	43,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,340	3,465	3,870
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,970	7,500	10,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	655	245	405
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,720	5,440	7,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,760	805	955
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,690	6,940	8,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	8,530	4,120	4,410
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,610	2,105	1,505
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	75,500	60,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,700	83,300	67,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,385	980	1,400
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	21,000	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,480	30,750	23,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	90.6	80.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.6	75.6	66.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	9.3	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.3	2.3	4.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.8	2.0	3.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	8,545	4,135	4,410
Without total income	250	120	130
With total income	8,300	4,020	4,285
Under $10,000 (including loss)	510	190	325
$10,000 to $19,999	795	265	525
$20,000 to $29,999	1,050	365	690
$30,000 to $39,999	905	345	560
$40,000 to $49,999	870	345	520
$50,000 to $59,999	855	390	460
$60,000 to $69,999	820	445	370
$70,000 to $79,999	595	370	225
$80,000 to $89,999	460	295	165
$90,000 to $99,999	350	230	120
$100,000 and over	1,100	780	325
$100,000 to $149,999	820	555	265
$150,000 and over	285	230	60
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	8,545	4,135	4,410
Without after-tax income	245	120	120
With after-tax income	8,300	4,020	4,285
Under $10,000 (including loss)	545	195	345
$10,000 to $19,999	835	285	555
$20,000 to $29,999	1,180	415	760
$30,000 to $39,999	1,090	425	660
$40,000 to $49,999	1,110	490	625
$50,000 to $59,999	1,070	580	485
$60,000 to $69,999	755	455	305
$70,000 to $79,999	520	345	175
$80,000 to $89,999	455	275	180
$90,000 to $99,999	255	180	75
$100,000 and over	485	365	120
$100,000 to $124,999	270	195	75
$125,000 and over	220	170	45
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	8,545	4,135	4,410
Without employment income	2,020	785	1,230
With employment income	6,525	3,350	3,175
Under $5,000 (including loss)	705	285	420
$5,000 to $9,999	415	160	255
$10,000 to $19,999	690	270	425
$20,000 to $29,999	490	200	290
$30,000 to $39,999	505	180	325
$40,000 to $49,999	565	240	325
$50,000 to $59,999	625	325	300
$60,000 to $69,999	570	345	230
$70,000 to $79,999	460	290	165
$80,000 to $89,999	355	245	110
$90,000 to $99,999	290	200	85
$100,000 and over	850	620	235
$100,000 to $124,999	490	345	150
$125,000 and over	365	275	85
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	8,550	4,140	4,410
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,175	3,950	4,225
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	62,000	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,180	3,950	4,225
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	53,200	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,790	3,830	3,960
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	60,000	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,555	3,375	3,180
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	60,800	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,850	3,235	3,615
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,020	620	5,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	495	165	330
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840	4,400	7,850
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	8,525	4,120	4,410
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,195	3,975	4,230
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,450	67,400	46,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,205	3,975	4,230
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,240	55,350	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,860	3,850	4,005
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,050	64,900	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,480	3,380	3,100
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,850	62,600	44,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,880	3,240	3,645
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,690	5,485	7,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	555	185	365
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	4,560	8,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	8,530	4,120	4,410
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,585	2,115	1,475
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	73,000	57,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,300	80,400	63,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,250	935	1,320
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	28,800	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,160	35,400	29,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.0	93.4	85.4
Employment income (%)	75.4	79.0	70.4
Government transfers (%)	9.9	6.6	14.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.3	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,100	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	930	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	3,175	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,105	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	945	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	3,160	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,100	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	40	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	110	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	100	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	85	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	115	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	120	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	105	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	225	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	210	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	210	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	250	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,230	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	610	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	500	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	650	...	...
$200,000 and over	470	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,100	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	40	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	120	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	110	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	115	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	135	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	135	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	130	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	260	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	295	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	305	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	310	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,820	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	675	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	485	...	...
$150,000 and over	665	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	3,100	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,215	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,490	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	340	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,145	495	650
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	54,000	41,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	46,400	38,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	3,095	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,210	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,495	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	335	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,140	495	645
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,600	54,200	49,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,600	46,000	43,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	10,575	5,170	5,410
0 to 17 years	2,455	1,245	1,215
0 to 5 years	810	420	395
18 to 64 years	6,285	3,090	3,195
65 years and over	1,830	835	1,000
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	540	210	330
0 to 17 years	110	50	60
0 to 5 years	35	15	15
18 to 64 years	245	100	140
65 years and over	180	55	130
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.1	4.0	6.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6	4.2	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0	4.0	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	3.3	4.5
65 years and over (%)	9.8	6.2	12.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	10,580	5,165	5,410
0 to 17 years	2,460	1,240	1,215
0 to 5 years	815	415	395
18 to 64 years	6,290	3,095	3,195
65 years and over	1,835	830	1,000
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	150	65	80
0 to 17 years	30	10	20
0 to 5 years	10	5	10
18 to 64 years	100	45	55
65 years and over	20	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.2	0.8	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2	x	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.2	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	10,575	5,170	5,410
In bottom half of the distribution	3,700	1,700	2,000
In bottom decile	445	190	255
In second decile	615	235	380
In third decile	760	355	400
In fourth decile	895	425	475
In fifth decile	980	490	490
In top half of the distribution	6,880	3,465	3,410
In sixth decile	1,250	630	620
In seventh decile	1,355	675	680
In eighth decile	1,635	800	835
In ninth decile	1,445	740	705
In top decile	1,190	620	570
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	10,580	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.283	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.358	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.250	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	10,615	5,180	5,435
English only	10,035	4,940	5,095
French only	0	0	0
English and French	540	220	320
Neither English nor French	35	20	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	10,615	5,180	5,435
English	10,505	5,125	5,380
French	65	25	40
English and French	15	10	5
Neither English nor French	35	20	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	10,615	5,180	5,435
Single responses	10,485	5,110	5,370
Official languages	9,610	4,695	4,915
English	9,535	4,655	4,875
French	80	35	45
Non-official languages	870	415	455
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	875	415	455
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	20	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	5
Tamil	10	5	10
Telugu	5	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	710	340	370
Albanian	5	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	45	40
Baltic languages	5	5	0
Latvian	5	5	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	40	40
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	40	20	20
Russian	5	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0
Serbian	10	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	445	195	250
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	330	140	190
German	210	85	120
Pennsylvania German	120	50	65
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	50	55
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	35	20	15
Low German, n.o.s.	10	10	5
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	50	25	25
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	30
Indo-Aryan languages	50	25	25
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5
Gujarati	10	5	5
Hindi	15	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0
Urdu	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	5	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	60	45
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	5
Portuguese	40	20	20
Romanian	10	5	5
Spanish	40	25	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	20
Chinese languages	45	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	130	65	65
English and French	25	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	40
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	10,615	5,180	5,435
English	9,905	4,840	5,065
French	5	5	5
Non-official language	160	75	85
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	160	75	85
English and French	65	25	35
English and non-official language(s)	455	215	240
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	10,615	5,180	5,435
Single responses	10,525	5,145	5,385
Official languages	10,215	4,990	5,230
English	10,205	4,985	5,220
French	15	5	5
Non-official languages	305	150	155
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	305	150	155
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	5
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	210	105	105
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5
Russian	5	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	75	30	45
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	45	15	30
German	30	10	20
Pennsylvania German	10	0	10
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	15	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	45	25	20
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	20
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0
Hindi	15	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	30	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	10	10
Romanian	5	5	5
Spanish	20	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5
American Sign Language	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15
Chinese languages	25	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	90	40	55
English and French	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	75	30	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	10,615	5,180	5,440
None	10,145	4,950	5,200
English	130	60	70
French	45	25	25
Non-official language	245	120	130
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	245	120	130
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	10,495	5,130	5,365
Official languages	10,465	5,130	5,345
English	10,465	5,130	5,345
French	570	250	320
Non-official languages	1,110	520	590
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,110	520	590
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	20	30
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	0	35
Haitian Creole	35	0	30
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	0	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	70	45	25
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	30	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	865	415	455
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	90	40	50
Baltic languages	10	10	0
Latvian	10	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	35	45
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	40	20	15
Russian	30	15	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	505	225	280
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	385	175	210
German	300	130	170
Pennsylvania German	105	50	60
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	60	85
Afrikaans	10	10	0
Dutch	60	15	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	65	35	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	100	55	50
Indo-Aryan languages	100	50	50
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	55	25	30
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	0	15
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	40	20	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	100	75
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0
Portuguese	40	20	20
Romanian	20	10	10
Spanish	105	65	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	10	30
American Sign Language	40	10	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20
Chinese languages	40	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	20	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	10,500	5,130	5,365
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	135	80	55
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	105	75	30
First Nations (North American Indian)	60	45	20
Métis	40	30	10
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	0	25
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	10,360	5,050	5,310
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	10,500	5,130	5,365
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	40	25	20
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	10,455	5,105	5,350
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,105	...	...
Owner	3,335	...	...
Renter	770	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,105	...	...
Condominium	115	...	...
Not condominium	3,995	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,105	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...
1 bedroom	345	...	...
2 bedrooms	615	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,155	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	980	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,105	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	610	...	...
5 rooms	435	...	...
6 rooms	740	...	...
7 rooms	735	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,580	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,105	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,085	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,105	...	...
Suitable	4,015	...	...
Not suitable	85	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,105	...	...
1960 or before	945	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,305	...	...
1981 to 1990	310	...	...
1991 to 2000	255	...	...
2001 to 2005	315	...	...
2006 to 2010	480	...	...
2011 to 2015	135	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	365	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,105	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,965	...	...
Major repairs needed	140	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,105	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,700	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,265	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	140	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,105	...	...
15 to 24 years	30	...	...
25 to 34 years	610	...	...
35 to 44 years	695	...	...
45 to 54 years	785	...	...
55 to 64 years	775	...	...
65 to 74 years	660	...	...
75 to 84 years	390	...	...
85 years and over	160	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	4,105	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,615	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	490	...	...
30% to less than 100%	480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,105	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	660	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	445	...	...
Not suitable only	75	...	...
Major repairs needed only	90	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	3,445	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	4,095	...	...
In core need	280	...	...
Not in core need	3,810	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,335	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,426	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	686,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	765	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,084	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	10,495	5,130	5,370
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	20	15	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	20	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	15	10	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	190	100	85
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	190	100	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	135	70	60
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	30
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	10,285	5,015	5,275
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	10,495	5,130	5,365
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	10,230	5,010	5,225
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,340	1,180	1,160
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,890	3,830	4,060
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	265	120	145
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	10,495	5,130	5,365
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	9,605	4,725	4,875
Immigrants⁸¹	870	390	485
Before 1980	290	140	150
1980 to 1990	135	60	75
1991 to 2000	110	45	60
2001 to 2010	120	50	75
2011 to 2021⁸²	220	90	130
2011 to 2015	125	50	70
2016 to 2021	95	40	55
Non-permanent residents⁸³	20	15	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	870	390	485
Under 5 years	100	45	55
5 to 14 years	175	80	90
15 to 24 years	175	60	110
25 to 44 years	380	175	200
45 years and over	50	25	25
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	870	390	485
Americas	215	70	145
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0
Mexico	75	30	40
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10
United States of America	80	15	65
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0
Europe	400	200	205
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	10	0	10
Germany	65	40	30
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	30	10	20
Poland	35	15	20
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	25	20	10
Russian Federation	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	150	75	75
Other places of birth in Europe	50	25	30
Africa	30	10	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10
Asia	215	105	110
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	40	10	30
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	75	35	35
Pakistan	25	15	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	100	40	55
Americas	20	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	25	10	15
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	10
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	50	20	35
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	40	20	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	10,495	5,130	5,365
First generation¹⁰⁰	955	440	515
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,325	620	705
Third generation or more¹⁰²	8,210	4,070	4,145
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	580	245	335
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	295	145	155
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	135	80	65
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	155	65	95
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	205	80	120
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	20	45
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	0	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	580	245	335
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	0	25
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	105	25	85
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	10	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	10	15
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	400	195	205
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	10,500	5,130	5,365
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	510	230	280
South Asian	205	95	105
Chinese	70	35	40
Black	90	30	60
Filipino	35	10	20
Arab	0	0	0
Latin American	25	10	15
Southeast Asian	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	35	10	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	20	10
Multiple visible minorities	10	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	9,990	4,895	5,090
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	10,495	5,130	5,365
Canadian	1,875	935	935
English	2,700	1,230	1,470
Irish	2,310	1,085	1,225
Scottish	2,445	1,140	1,305
French, n.o.s.¹²²	865	415	445
German	3,600	1,765	1,830
Chinese	70	35	40
Italian	215	115	100
Indian (India)	110	60	55
Ukrainian	310	160	150
Dutch	560	245	315
Polish	490	235	255
Québécois	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	500	225	280
Filipino	65	25	35
French Canadian	80	50	35
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	250	150	105
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	60	45	25
Métis	50	25	25
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	175	80	95
Russian	120	60	65
Norwegian	10	0	10
Welsh	155	85	75
Portuguese	85	40	45
American	145	60	85
Spanish	25	10	20
Swedish	60	30	30
Hungarian	115	55	55
Acadian	30	10	25
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15	0	10
Jewish	15	10	10
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	10
Jamaican	15	0	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	15	10
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	65	45	25
Lebanese	25	20	10
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	85	40	40
Danish	70	25	45
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	15	10	10
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	75	25	45
Belgian	35	0	30
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	20	10	10
Mexican	60	35	30
Mennonite	510	235	265
Swiss	740	370	370
Finnish	15	0	15
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	50	20	25
Japanese	30	15	20
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	15	15	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	20	0	10
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	60	40	25
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	10	15
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	10	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	35	20	15
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	15	15
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	10	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	20	20	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	25	10	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	15	10	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	20	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	15	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	15	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	10	10
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	20	15	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	20	0	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	25	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	85	25	65
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	15	10	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	10,495	5,130	5,365
Buddhist	30	10	20
Christian	7,070	3,325	3,750
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,680	805	880
Anabaptist	580	270	320
Anglican	170	70	100
Baptist	90	50	40
Catholic	1,735	760	975
Christian Orthodox	60	40	25
Jehovah's Witness	65	25	40
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	585	295	295
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	30	20
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	175	90	85
Presbyterian	310	145	165
Reformed	20	10	10
United Church	890	425	470
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	640	310	335
Hindu	45	25	20
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	25	20	10
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	50	10	40
No religion and secular perspectives	3,265	1,730	1,535
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	10,320	5,030	5,295
Non-movers	9,320	4,555	4,765
Movers	1,005	470	530
Non-migrants	415	175	240
Migrants	585	300	290
Internal migrants	560	275	280
Intraprovincial migrants	540	270	265
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	15
External migrants	25	20	10
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	9,810	4,755	5,055
Non-movers	6,450	3,115	3,335
Movers	3,360	1,640	1,720
Non-migrants	1,135	545	595
Migrants	2,220	1,100	1,125
Internal migrants	2,055	1,020	1,040
Intraprovincial migrants	1,960	965	995
Interprovincial migrants	95	50	40
External migrants	165	80	85
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,525	4,120	4,410
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,600	810	795
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,925	3,310	3,615
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,540	2,690	2,850
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	590	330	250
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,955	2,355	2,600
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,525	4,120	4,405
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,420	705	710
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,420	1,240	1,180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,685	2,175	2,515
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,840	1,435	1,405
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	655	520	135
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	210	130	85
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	445	395	45
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,090	885	1,205
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	25	70
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,845	735	1,110
Bachelor's degree	1,265	500	770
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	135	50	85
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	25	30
Master's degree	330	135	195
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60	35	25
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,540	2,690	2,855
No certificate, diploma or degree	475	270	210
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,425	745	680
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,640	1,680	1,955
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,180	1,115	1,065
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	490	395	95
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	150	95	60
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	340	300	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,620	710	910
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70	10	65
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,455	565	895
Bachelor's degree	985	390	590
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	110	40	70
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	0	30
Master's degree	285	115	170
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	15	30
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,530	4,125	4,405
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,840	1,950	1,895
Education	255	30	225
13. Education	255	30	225
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	120	50	70
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	105	35	70
Humanities	345	135	215
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	50	15	35
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	70	15	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	15	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	60	55
54. History	40	15	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	525	105	415
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	15	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	150	0	150
22. Legal professions and studies	70	10	60
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	15	0
42. Psychology	120	25	100
45. Social sciences	115	50	70
Business, management and public administration	910	395	515
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	15	65
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	825	385	445
Physical and life sciences and technologies	125	90	45
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	35	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	20	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	40	35	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	135	105	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	100	85	15
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,080	1,005	75
04. Architecture and related services	30	15	15
14. Engineering	130	105	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	220	210	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	270	260	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	315	305	10
48. Precision production	115	115	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	120	50	70
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	35	60
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	15	10
Health and related fields	770	105	665
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	35	90
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	635	70	570
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	260	105	155
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	155	30	130
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	85	65	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	5,540	2,690	2,850
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,905	1,010	890
Education	170	25	145
13. Education	170	25	145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	85	40	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	65	20	45
Humanities	220	95	135
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	35	0	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35	15	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	55	40
54. History	30	15	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	425	70	350
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	55	10	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	115	0	115
22. Legal professions and studies	55	10	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	15	0
42. Psychology	90	0	80
45. Social sciences	90	35	55
Business, management and public administration	750	310	440
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	55	0	50
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	690	300	390
Physical and life sciences and technologies	95	60	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	10	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	20	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	35	25	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	120	90	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	95	80	10
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	860	785	70
04. Architecture and related services	25	0	15
14. Engineering	105	80	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	180	170	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	205	200	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	240	230	10
48. Precision production	95	95	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	100	40	60
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85	25	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	15	10
Health and related fields	585	75	510
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	105	25	80
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	475	50	425
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	200	90	110
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	120	25	95
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	80	60	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	5,540	2,690	2,850
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,905	1,010	890
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,635	1,680	1,960
Location of study inside Canada	3,305	1,525	1,775
Same as province or territory of residence	3,180	1,465	1,715
Different than province or territory of residence	120	60	60
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	335	150	180
Americas	145	55	85
United States of America	125	45	80
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	75	40	40
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	20	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	100	50	50
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	35	15	20
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	50	25	25
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	10	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	8,525	4,120	4,405
In the labour force	5,945	3,080	2,865
Employed	5,630	2,970	2,655
Unemployed	315	110	205
Not in the labour force	2,580	1,040	1,545
Participation rate	69.7	74.8	65.0
Employment rate	66.0	72.1	60.3
Unemployment rate	5.3	3.6	7.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	8,530	4,125	4,405
Did not work¹⁸⁶	2,415	935	1,475
Worked	6,115	3,185	2,930
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,670	2,155	1,510
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,450	1,030	1,415
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.5	45.0	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	5,945	3,085	2,860
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	60	25	40
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	5,885	3,060	2,825
Employee	5,255	2,690	2,560
Permanent position	4,785	2,445	2,335
Temporary position	470	245	225
Fixed term (1 year or more)	85	55	25
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	385	195	195
Self-employed¹⁹²	630	370	265
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	5,945	3,085	2,860
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	60	25	40
All occupations¹⁹¹	5,885	3,060	2,825
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	60	50	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,090	300	790
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	425	330	95
3 Health occupations	460	60	400
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	640	180	460
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	145	35	105
6 Sales and service occupations	1,285	555	735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,205	1,135	65
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	135	95	40
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	440	320	125
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	5,945	3,085	2,860
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	60	25	40
All industries¹⁹¹	5,885	3,060	2,825
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	100	70	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0
22 Utilities	40	40	0
23 Construction	680	590	95
31-33 Manufacturing	830	610	215
41 Wholesale trade	250	160	90
44-45 Retail trade	745	365	385
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	185	140	45
51 Information and cultural industries	110	45	60
52 Finance and insurance	420	120	295
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	65	20	45
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	350	195	160
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	160	105	55
61 Educational services	450	130	325
62 Health care and social assistance	750	85	665
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	90	45	45
72 Accommodation and food services	220	90	130
81 Other services (except public administration)	265	140	125
91 Public administration	160	105	55
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	6,370	3,305	3,065
English	6,275	3,280	2,995
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	50	0	50
English and non-official language(s)	40	25	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	6,370	3,305	3,065
Single responses	6,350	3,300	3,055
Official languages	6,340	3,295	3,045
English	6,325	3,295	3,030
French	15	0	15
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	0	15
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	6,370	3,305	3,065
None	6,295	3,285	3,010
English	20	0	15
French	25	0	25
Non-official language	25	20	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	20	10
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	5,630	2,970	2,655
Worked at home	1,225	545	680
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	535	405	130
Usual place of work	3,865	2,020	1,845
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,865	2,015	1,845
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,025	905	1,115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,310	800	505
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	530	305	220
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	4,400	2,420	1,975
Car, truck or van	4,000	2,245	1,760
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,705	2,110	1,595
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	295	130	160
Public transit	15	0	10
Walked	295	120	180
Bicycle	30	30	0
Other method	55	30	35
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	4,400	2,420	1,975
Less than 15 minutes	2,010	1,000	1,010
15 to 29 minutes	1,540	835	705
30 to 44 minutes	625	440	185
45 to 59 minutes	85	65	20
60 minutes and over	140	90	55
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	4,400	2,420	1,975
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	325	270	55
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	980	680	300
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,160	680	475
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	850	320	530
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	375	110	270
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	705	360	350
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,495	1,260	1,240
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	110	45	65
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,380	1,215	1,175
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,775	890	885
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	30	50
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	50	20	30
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	35	15	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,695	855	835

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table