Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fort McMurrayMore information: Alberta [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	68,002	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	67,123^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.3	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	28,670	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	24,505	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,303.5	...	...	1,303.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	52.17	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	67,995	35,775	32,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,660	8,015	7,640	23.0	22.4	23.7
0 to 4 years	5,525	2,835	2,690	8.1	7.9	8.3
5 to 9 years	5,590	2,875	2,720	8.2	8.0	8.4
10 to 14 years	4,540	2,310	2,235	6.7	6.5	6.9
15 to 64 years	49,505	26,245	23,265	72.8	73.4	72.2
15 to 19 years	3,615	1,955	1,665	5.3	5.5	5.2
20 to 24 years	3,615	1,955	1,660	5.3	5.5	5.2
25 to 29 years	4,840	2,430	2,405	7.1	6.8	7.5
30 to 34 years	7,115	3,490	3,620	10.5	9.8	11.2
35 to 39 years	7,580	3,950	3,635	11.1	11.0	11.3
40 to 44 years	6,115	3,210	2,905	9.0	9.0	9.0
45 to 49 years	5,075	2,790	2,285	7.5	7.8	7.1
50 to 54 years	4,515	2,460	2,060	6.6	6.9	6.4
55 to 59 years	4,120	2,315	1,810	6.1	6.5	5.6
60 to 64 years	2,915	1,700	1,210	4.3	4.8	3.8
65 years and over	2,830	1,520	1,310	4.2	4.2	4.1
65 to 69 years	1,510	860	655	2.2	2.4	2.0
70 to 74 years	720	390	335	1.1	1.1	1.0
75 to 79 years	335	165	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
80 to 84 years	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
85 years and over	110	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
85 to 89 years	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
90 to 94 years	30	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
95 to 99 years	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.0	22.4	23.7	23.0	22.4	23.7
15 to 64 years	72.8	73.4	72.2	72.8	73.4	72.2
65 years and over	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1
85 years and over	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Average age of the population	33.3	33.7	32.8	33.3	33.7	32.8
Median age of the population	34.4	35.2	33.6	34.4	35.2	33.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	24,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	11,470	...	...	46.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,125	...	...	4.6	...	...
Row house	2,590	...	...	10.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	455	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,610	...	...	22.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	845	...	...	3.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,400	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	24,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,360	...	...	21.9	...	...
2 persons	7,230	...	...	29.5	...	...
3 persons	4,530	...	...	18.5	...	...
4 persons	4,370	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,020	...	...	12.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	67,805	35,690	32,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	52,340	27,760	24,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	33,060	16,855	16,205	63.2	60.7	65.9
Married	25,535	13,110	12,425	48.8	47.2	50.5
Living common-law	7,520	3,745	3,775	14.4	13.5	15.4
Living common law - Never married	5,975	2,985	2,990	11.4	10.8	12.2
Living common law - Separated	320	190	130	0.6	0.7	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,170	565	605	2.2	2.0	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	19,280	10,905	8,380	36.8	39.3	34.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	14,475	8,640	5,835	27.7	31.1	23.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,435	765	670	2.7	2.8	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,555	1,290	1,265	4.9	4.6	5.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	815	210	605	1.6	0.8	2.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	18,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	7,665	...	...	41.8	...	...
3 persons	4,345	...	...	23.7	...	...
4 persons	4,330	...	...	23.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,985	...	...	10.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	18,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	15,760	...	...	86.0	...	...
Married couples	12,005	...	...	65.5	...	...
With children⁶	7,945	...	...	43.4	...	...
Without children	4,060	...	...	22.2	...	...
Common-law couples	3,760	...	...	20.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,725	...	...	9.4	...	...
Without children	2,040	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,565	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,770	...	...	9.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	790	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	67,805	35,690	32,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	56,330	28,340	27,985	83.1	79.4	87.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	31,530	15,750	15,780	46.5	44.1	49.1
Parents in one-parent families	2,560	790	1,770	3.8	2.2	5.5
Children⁶	22,235	11,805	10,435	32.8	33.1	32.5
In a two-parent family	18,300	9,645	8,650	27.0	27.0	26.9
In a one-parent family	3,940	2,155	1,780	5.8	6.0	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,480	7,345	4,135	16.9	20.6	12.9
Living alone	5,360	3,615	1,740	7.9	10.1	5.4
Living with other relatives⁷	1,945	985	955	2.9	2.8	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	4,180	2,745	1,435	6.2	7.7	4.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	24,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,990	...	...	61.2	...	...
Couple-family households	13,245	...	...	54.1	...	...
With children⁶	8,245	...	...	33.6	...	...
Without children	4,995	...	...	20.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,750	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	890	...	...	3.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	230	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,445	...	...	5.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,590	...	...	6.5	...	...
One-person households	5,360	...	...	21.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	52,155	27,670	24,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,605	26,610	22,995	95.1	96.2	93.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	74,000	114,000	46,000	74,000	114,000	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,620	26,620	23,000	95.1	96.2	94.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,400	90,000	41,200	62,400	90,000	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,920	25,700	20,220	88.0	92.9	82.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	77,000	115,000	42,800	77,000	115,000	42,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	43,255	24,680	18,570	82.9	89.2	75.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	81,000	117,000	46,000	81,000	117,000	46,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,355	21,805	19,545	79.3	78.8	79.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,560	1,210	6,800	3,560	1,210	6,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,185	2,945	4,240	13.8	10.6	17.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,760	6,280	6,200	5,760	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,445	7,095	8,350	29.6	25.6	34.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	52,200	27,720	24,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,665	26,640	23,030	95.1	96.1	94.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	97,800	128,600	62,150	97,800	128,600	62,150
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,685	26,650	23,025	95.2	96.1	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	75,500	96,500	51,160	75,500	96,500	51,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,860	25,685	20,170	87.9	92.7	82.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	98,900	128,200	61,600	98,900	128,200	61,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	43,265	24,645	18,625	82.9	88.9	76.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	99,600	127,800	62,350	99,600	127,800	62,350
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	41,365	21,755	19,610	79.2	78.5	80.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,780	6,135	9,600	7,780	6,135	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,240	2,925	4,315	13.9	10.6	17.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,770	7,150	8,190	7,770	7,150	8,190
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,305	6,935	8,365	29.3	25.0	34.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,680	8,320	8,980	8,680	8,320	8,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	52,195	27,720	24,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,425	13,505	7,920	41.0	48.7	32.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	118,000	150,000	83,000	118,000	150,000	83,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	133,800	157,200	93,600	133,800	157,200	93,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,935	8,775	8,165	32.4	31.7	33.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,000	84,000	26,000	44,000	84,000	26,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	71,800	100,100	41,400	71,800	100,100	41,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	93.4	96.2	86.8	93.4	96.2	86.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	88.8	91.8	81.2	88.8	91.8	81.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	6.6	3.9	13.2	6.6	3.9	13.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.6	2.5	1.2	0.6	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.0	1.8	5.8	3.0	1.8	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.7	1.7	5.3	2.7	1.7	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	52,155	27,675	24,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,555	1,065	1,490	4.9	3.8	6.1
With total income	49,600	26,605	22,995	95.1	96.1	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,405	1,235	3,170	8.9	4.6	13.8
$10,000 to $19,999	3,060	1,015	2,040	6.2	3.8	8.9
$20,000 to $29,999	3,955	1,380	2,575	8.0	5.2	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,600	1,160	2,435	7.3	4.4	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	3,325	1,205	2,120	6.7	4.5	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,940	1,085	1,855	5.9	4.1	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,590	1,145	1,445	5.2	4.3	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,265	1,135	1,125	4.6	4.3	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,185	1,175	1,005	4.4	4.4	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,075	1,195	880	4.2	4.5	3.8
$100,000 and over	19,210	14,870	4,335	38.7	55.9	18.9
$100,000 to $149,999	7,545	4,965	2,580	15.2	18.7	11.2
$150,000 and over	11,660	9,900	1,755	23.5	37.2	7.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	52,155	27,675	24,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,535	1,055	1,480	4.9	3.8	6.0
With after-tax income	49,620	26,615	23,000	95.1	96.2	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,485	1,265	3,220	9.0	4.8	14.0
$10,000 to $19,999	3,215	1,080	2,135	6.5	4.1	9.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,660	1,600	3,065	9.4	6.0	13.3
$30,000 to $39,999	4,215	1,465	2,750	8.5	5.5	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	4,075	1,490	2,580	8.2	5.6	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,450	1,525	1,930	7.0	5.7	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,165	1,625	1,540	6.4	6.1	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,865	1,630	1,235	5.8	6.1	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,715	1,610	1,100	5.5	6.0	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,485	1,595	890	5.0	6.0	3.9
$100,000 and over	14,290	11,730	2,555	28.8	44.1	11.1
$100,000 to $124,999	4,150	3,030	1,125	8.4	11.4	4.9
$125,000 and over	10,135	8,705	1,435	20.4	32.7	6.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	52,155	27,675	24,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,900	2,990	5,915	17.1	10.8	24.2
With employment income	43,250	24,680	18,575	82.9	89.2	75.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,105	1,155	1,955	7.2	4.7	10.5
$5,000 to $9,999	2,060	725	1,330	4.8	2.9	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	3,050	1,100	1,950	7.1	4.5	10.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,525	910	1,615	5.8	3.7	8.7
$30,000 to $39,999	2,535	910	1,625	5.9	3.7	8.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,215	920	1,295	5.1	3.7	7.0
$50,000 to $59,999	2,060	845	1,215	4.8	3.4	6.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,115	965	1,145	4.9	3.9	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,845	965	875	4.3	3.9	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,945	1,070	870	4.5	4.3	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,780	1,025	755	4.1	4.2	4.1
$100,000 and over	18,025	14,090	3,935	41.7	57.1	21.2
$100,000 to $124,999	4,160	2,570	1,590	9.6	10.4	8.6
$125,000 and over	13,865	11,520	2,345	32.1	46.7	12.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	52,155	27,670	24,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,320	26,020	22,300	92.6	94.0	91.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	76,000	117,000	46,000	76,000	117,000	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,350	26,020	22,330	92.7	94.0	91.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,200	92,000	40,800	63,200	92,000	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,265	25,325	19,945	86.8	91.5	81.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	80,000	119,000	47,200	80,000	119,000	47,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,945	24,470	18,480	82.3	88.4	75.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	83,000	121,000	49,600	83,000	121,000	49,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,910	20,685	17,230	72.7	74.8	70.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	940	860	1,700	940	860	1,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,700	2,350	3,350	10.9	8.5	13.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,900	5,520	8,100	6,900	5,520	8,100
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	52,200	27,720	24,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,345	26,090	22,255	92.6	94.1	90.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	97,200	128,800	60,050	97,200	128,800	60,050
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,380	26,095	22,290	92.7	94.1	91.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	74,400	96,000	49,200	74,400	96,000	49,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,195	25,310	19,885	86.6	91.3	81.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	100,400	130,400	62,200	100,400	130,400	62,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,015	24,460	18,555	82.4	88.2	75.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	101,500	130,400	63,500	101,500	130,400	63,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,035	20,795	17,240	72.9	75.0	70.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,240	2,972	5,770	4,240	2,972	5,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,635	2,165	3,475	10.8	7.8	14.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,980	7,470	9,920	8,980	7,470	9,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	52,195	27,720	24,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,360	13,485	7,880	40.9	48.6	32.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	116,000	147,000	76,500	116,000	147,000	76,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	129,600	154,200	87,500	129,600	154,200	87,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,125	8,535	7,595	30.9	30.8	31.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	58,400	98,000	37,600	58,400	98,000	37,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	81,500	109,300	50,280	81,500	109,300	50,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	96.6	98.2	92.6	96.6	98.2	92.6
Employment income (%)	93.0	94.8	88.2	93.0	94.8	88.2
Government transfers (%)	3.4	1.8	7.4	3.4	1.8	7.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.5	2.6	1.1	0.5	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	24,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	186,000	...	...	186,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	19,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	206,000	...	...	206,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	24,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	198,200	...	...	198,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	152,800	...	...	152,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	124,400	...	...	124,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	19,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	218,800	...	...	218,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	169,400	...	...	169,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	24,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	95	...	...	0.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	230	...	...	0.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	225	...	...	0.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	200	...	...	0.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	245	...	...	1.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	285	...	...	1.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	295	...	...	1.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	600	...	...	2.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	615	...	...	2.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	705	...	...	2.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	745	...	...	3.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	805	...	...	3.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,175	...	...	78.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,120	...	...	8.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,060	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,995	...	...	16.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	11,010	...	...	44.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	24,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	140	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	95	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	95	...	...	0.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	245	...	...	1.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	250	...	...	1.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	250	...	...	1.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	300	...	...	1.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	360	...	...	1.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	375	...	...	1.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	745	...	...	3.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	915	...	...	3.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	980	...	...	4.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,055	...	...	4.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,155	...	...	4.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,485	...	...	71.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,885	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,050	...	...	12.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,555	...	...	47.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	202,000	...	...	202,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...	157,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	196,000	...	...	196,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	224,000	...	...	224,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,540	6,360	3,175	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	88,000	105,000	62,400	88,000	105,000	62,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	71,500	83,000	53,600	71,500	83,000	53,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	18,025	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	214,000	...	...	214,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	165,400	...	...	165,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,395	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	208,000	...	...	208,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	159,400	...	...	159,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	237,800	...	...	237,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	182,800	...	...	182,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,290	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	126,300	...	...	126,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	102,800	...	...	102,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,550	6,390	3,155	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	104,800	119,200	75,400	104,800	119,200	75,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	80,500	90,100	61,050	80,500	90,100	61,050
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	67,810	35,690	32,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,890	9,195	8,695	26.4	25.8	27.1
0 to 5 years	6,755	3,460	3,295	10.0	9.7	10.3
18 to 64 years	47,185	25,015	22,170	69.6	70.1	69.0
65 years and over	2,730	1,480	1,250	4.0	4.1	3.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,365	1,105	1,255	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	845	445	395	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	320	165	150	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,405	615	790	...	...	...
65 years and over	115	50	65	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	3.5	3.1	3.9	3.5	3.1	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.5	4.7	4.8	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	2.5	3.6	3.0	2.5	3.6
65 years and over (%)	4.1	3.2	5.2	4.1	3.2	5.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	67,805	35,690	32,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,890	9,190	8,700	26.4	25.7	27.1
0 to 5 years	6,755	3,455	3,300	10.0	9.7	10.3
18 to 64 years	47,190	25,015	22,175	69.6	70.1	69.0
65 years and over	2,730	1,480	1,250	4.0	4.1	3.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,330	680	645	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	370	200	175	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	115	60	60	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	925	465	460	...	...	...
65 years and over	35	20	15	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.1
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	67,810	35,690	32,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	13,410	6,575	6,835	19.8	18.4	21.3
In bottom decile	2,515	1,250	1,265	3.7	3.5	3.9
In second decile	2,340	1,100	1,240	3.5	3.1	3.9
In third decile	2,500	1,240	1,260	3.7	3.5	3.9
In fourth decile	2,810	1,390	1,425	4.1	3.9	4.4
In fifth decile	3,250	1,595	1,655	4.8	4.5	5.2
In top half of the distribution	54,395	29,115	25,285	80.2	81.6	78.7
In sixth decile	3,900	1,950	1,950	5.8	5.5	6.1
In seventh decile	5,100	2,585	2,510	7.5	7.2	7.8
In eighth decile	7,365	3,860	3,510	10.9	10.8	10.9
In ninth decile	12,010	6,315	5,695	17.7	17.7	17.7
In top decile	26,025	14,410	11,615	38.4	40.4	36.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	67,805	...	...	67,805	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.338	...	...	0.338	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.267	...	...	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	67,940	35,745	32,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	63,295	33,475	29,825	93.2	93.6	92.7
French only	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,105	2,075	2,030	6.0	5.8	6.3
Neither English nor French	470	170	300	0.7	0.5	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	67,940	35,745	32,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	65,955	34,685	31,270	97.1	97.0	97.1
French	1,295	775	525	1.9	2.2	1.6
English and French	245	130	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	445	160	285	0.7	0.4	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	67,940	35,745	32,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,805	34,220	30,590	95.4	95.7	95.0
Official languages	52,760	28,300	24,460	77.7	79.2	76.0
English	51,465	27,540	23,925	75.8	77.0	74.3
French	1,295	760	535	1.9	2.1	1.7
Non-official languages	12,045	5,920	6,125	17.7	16.6	19.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	220	95	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	105	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	105	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,825	5,825	5,995	17.4	16.3	18.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,030	1,160	875	3.0	3.2	2.7
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	620	375	245	0.9	1.0	0.8
Bilen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	545	335	215	0.8	0.9	0.7
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,400	775	625	2.1	2.2	1.9
Amharic	340	180	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Arabic	865	480	385	1.3	1.3	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	185	110	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,580	1,535	2,040	5.3	4.3	6.3
Bikol	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	195	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,990	1,285	1,705	4.4	3.6	5.3
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	360	200	160	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,315	2,190	2,135	6.4	6.1	6.6
Albanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	410	205	210	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	410	205	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	285	160	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	85	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	185	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,745	1,430	1,320	4.0	4.0	4.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,590	1,340	1,250	3.8	3.7	3.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	190	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	870	445	430	1.3	1.2	1.3
Hindi	245	140	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	350	190	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	750	390	360	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	155	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	825	365	455	1.2	1.0	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	610	265	340	0.9	0.7	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	555	290	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
Akan (Twi)	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	50	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dinka	30	30	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nuer	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	575	270	300	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	570	270	300	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	415	190	220	0.6	0.5	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	5	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	5	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,130	1,530	1,605	4.6	4.3	5.0
English and French	435	235	200	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,385	1,155	1,230	3.5	3.2	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	195	75	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	67,940	35,745	32,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	52,330	27,955	24,370	77.0	78.2	75.7
French	400	220	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	2,875	1,420	1,460	4.2	4.0	4.5
Indigenous³⁹	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,815	1,390	1,425	4.1	3.9	4.4
English and French	900	475	420	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	10,790	5,360	5,430	15.9	15.0	16.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	265	135	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	360	170	185	0.5	0.5	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	67,940	35,745	32,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,035	34,305	30,730	95.7	96.0	95.5
Official languages	57,795	30,630	27,165	85.1	85.7	84.4
English	57,235	30,320	26,915	84.2	84.8	83.6
French	560	310	255	0.8	0.9	0.8
Non-official languages	7,245	3,675	3,565	10.7	10.3	11.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,150	3,625	3,525	10.5	10.1	11.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,245	710	540	1.8	2.0	1.7
Berber languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	385	240	140	0.6	0.7	0.4
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	350	225	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	845	455	390	1.2	1.3	1.2
Amharic	190	100	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arabic	530	280	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,195	1,045	1,150	3.2	2.9	3.6
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,870	885	985	2.8	2.5	3.1
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	250	130	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	55	50	0.1	0.2	0.2
Tamil	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,630	1,320	1,310	3.9	3.7	4.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	195	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,940	990	950	2.9	2.8	3.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,845	945	900	2.7	2.6	2.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	110	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	710	370	340	1.0	1.0	1.1
Hindi	180	100	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	225	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	495	240	255	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	385	175	205	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	320	150	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	265	135	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	190	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	365	185	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	140	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,900	1,440	1,460	4.3	4.0	4.5
English and French	175	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,655	1,320	1,335	3.9	3.7	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	67,940	35,745	32,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	57,920	30,735	27,185	85.3	86.0	84.5
English	3,460	1,780	1,680	5.1	5.0	5.2
French	640	330	305	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official language	4,495	2,165	2,335	6.6	6.1	7.3
Indigenous³⁹	165	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	4,330	2,095	2,230	6.4	5.9	6.9
English and French	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	675	370	310	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	565	275	290	0.8	0.8	0.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	67,780	35,725	32,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	67,320	35,570	31,750	99.3	99.6	99.0
English	67,240	35,530	31,705	99.2	99.5	98.9
French	4,105	2,135	1,970	6.1	6.0	6.1
Non-official languages	17,365	8,645	8,725	25.6	24.2	27.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	190	70	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algonquian languages	125	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,185	8,580	8,605	25.4	24.0	26.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,015	1,750	1,260	4.4	4.9	3.9
Berber languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	765	465	300	1.1	1.3	0.9
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	645	405	250	1.0	1.1	0.8
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,330	1,360	980	3.4	3.8	3.1
Amharic	605	380	225	0.9	1.1	0.7
Arabic	1,555	890	665	2.3	2.5	2.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	295	175	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,255	2,305	2,950	7.8	6.5	9.2
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cebuano	175	85	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Fijian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	120	50	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	450	215	235	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indonesian	50	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,980	2,165	2,815	7.3	6.1	8.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Creole languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	705	390	315	1.0	1.1	1.0
Kannada	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	305	155	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	180	100	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Telugu	170	100	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tulu	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,315	3,255	3,060	9.3	9.1	9.5
Albanian	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	625	300	320	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	605	290	315	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	310	135	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	75	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	530	290	240	0.8	0.8	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	235	135	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	230	135	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	295	155	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	235	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,835	2,035	1,800	5.7	5.7	5.6
Indo-Aryan languages	3,585	1,895	1,690	5.3	5.3	5.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	240	120	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Gujarati	1,170	580	590	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hindi	1,675	930	745	2.5	2.6	2.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	80	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	725	420	305	1.1	1.2	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	1,200	650	550	1.8	1.8	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	320	205	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	140	90	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Persian languages	190	120	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	75	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,315	620	690	1.9	1.7	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	120	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	125	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,045	475	570	1.5	1.3	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,155	605	555	1.7	1.7	1.7
Akan (Twi)	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	195	125	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swahili	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	265	130	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	300	165	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	710	315	395	1.0	0.9	1.2
Chinese languages	710	315	395	1.0	0.9	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	495	220	275	0.7	0.6	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	220	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lao	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	67,780	35,725	32,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,755	3,430	3,325	10.0	9.6	10.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,465	3,285	3,180	9.5	9.2	9.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,495	1,800	1,690	5.2	5.0	5.3
Métis	2,715	1,345	1,370	4.0	3.8	4.3
Inuk (Inuit)	260	140	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	180	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	61,030	32,300	28,730	90.0	90.4	89.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	67,780	35,725	32,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,600	1,365	1,235	3.8	3.8	3.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	65,180	34,360	30,815	96.2	96.2	96.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	24,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	16,310	...	...	66.5	...	...
Renter	8,215	...	...	33.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	24,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,910	...	...	28.2	...	...
Not condominium	17,615	...	...	71.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	24,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	2,295	...	...	9.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,770	...	...	19.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,870	...	...	32.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,465	...	...	38.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	24,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,770	...	...	27.6	...	...
5 rooms	4,085	...	...	16.7	...	...
6 rooms	3,610	...	...	14.7	...	...
7 rooms	3,095	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,965	...	...	28.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	24,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	23,585	...	...	96.2	...	...
More than one person per room	940	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	24,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	22,995	...	...	93.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,530	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	24,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	325	...	...	1.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,790	...	...	19.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,645	...	...	10.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,635	...	...	10.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,575	...	...	14.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,875	...	...	19.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,285	...	...	13.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,390	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	24,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	23,240	...	...	94.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,280	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	24,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	12,735	...	...	51.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,380	...	...	42.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,410	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	24,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	835	...	...	3.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,435	...	...	22.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,230	...	...	29.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,565	...	...	22.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,085	...	...	16.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,110	...	...	4.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	235	...	...	1.0	...	...
85 years and over	40	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	24,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	21,370	...	...	87.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,120	...	...	12.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,735	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	24,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,415	...	...	22.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,705	...	...	11.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,285	...	...	5.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	920	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	145	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	265	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	19,110	...	...	77.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	24,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,055	...	...	4.4	...	...
Not in core need	23,050	...	...	95.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,310	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	87.4	...	...	87.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,800	...	...	2,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,732	...	...	2,732	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	468,000	...	...	468,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	458,800	...	...	458,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,215	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.8	...	...	16.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,550	...	...	1,550	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,674	...	...	1,674	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	67,780	35,730	32,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,470	1,905	1,560	5.1	5.3	4.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,310	1,840	1,470	4.9	5.1	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,415	1,325	1,090	3.6	3.7	3.4
Métis single ancestry	780	450	330	1.2	1.3	1.0
Inuit single ancestry	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	155	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	130	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,650	2,210	2,440	6.9	6.2	7.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,380	2,115	2,270	6.5	5.9	7.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,760	1,340	1,425	4.1	3.8	4.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,385	655	735	2.0	1.8	2.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	270	100	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	50	120	0.2	0.1	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	59,665	31,615	28,050	88.0	88.5	87.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	67,785	35,725	32,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	61,045	32,565	28,485	90.1	91.2	88.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,020	8,755	8,265	25.1	24.5	25.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	44,025	23,810	20,220	64.9	66.6	63.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,735	3,160	3,570	9.9	8.8	11.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	67,785	35,725	32,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	51,830	27,720	24,110	76.5	77.6	75.2
Immigrants⁸¹	15,120	7,575	7,540	22.3	21.2	23.5
Before 1980	610	380	225	0.9	1.1	0.7
1980 to 1990	590	320	265	0.9	0.9	0.8
1991 to 2000	1,520	890	625	2.2	2.5	1.9
2001 to 2010	4,470	2,285	2,185	6.6	6.4	6.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,930	3,695	4,230	11.7	10.3	13.2
2011 to 2015	3,860	1,790	2,075	5.7	5.0	6.5
2016 to 2021	4,060	1,905	2,155	6.0	5.3	6.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	835	430	405	1.2	1.2	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,120	7,580	7,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	990	570	420	6.5	7.5	5.6
5 to 14 years	2,330	1,230	1,100	15.4	16.2	14.6
15 to 24 years	2,655	1,400	1,255	17.6	18.5	16.6
25 to 44 years	7,620	3,665	3,960	50.4	48.4	52.5
45 years and over	1,520	715	810	10.1	9.4	10.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,120	7,580	7,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,265	585	680	8.4	7.7	9.0
Brazil	60	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Colombia	120	65	55	0.8	0.9	0.7
El Salvador	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyana	55	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	250	140	110	1.7	1.8	1.5
Mexico	40	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.4
Peru	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
United States of America	315	165	150	2.1	2.2	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	315	110	200	2.1	1.5	2.7
Europe	1,220	640	575	8.1	8.4	7.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	90	50	40	0.6	0.7	0.5
Greece	25	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Hungary	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italy	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	90	45	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portugal	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Romania	45	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	115	40	70	0.8	0.5	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	420	250	170	2.8	3.3	2.3
Other places of birth in Europe	265	155	110	1.8	2.0	1.5
Africa	3,210	1,845	1,360	21.2	24.3	18.0
Algeria	45	35	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Egypt	125	85	35	0.8	1.1	0.5
Eritrea	205	125	80	1.4	1.6	1.1
Ethiopia	535	340	195	3.5	4.5	2.6
Morocco	80	55	35	0.5	0.7	0.5
Nigeria	455	220	235	3.0	2.9	3.1
Somalia	400	260	135	2.6	3.4	1.8
South Africa, Republic of	255	120	140	1.7	1.6	1.9
Other places of birth in Africa	1,080	590	490	7.1	7.8	6.5
Asia	9,265	4,420	4,840	61.3	58.3	64.2
Afghanistan	40	35	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	75	50	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	215	125	95	1.4	1.6	1.3
Syria⁸⁹	55	30	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Turkey	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	405	180	225	2.7	2.4	3.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	35	15	0.4	0.5	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	85	40	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	4,545	1,985	2,560	30.1	26.2	34.0
Viet Nam	75	25	55	0.5	0.3	0.7
Bangladesh	125	70	55	0.8	0.9	0.7
India	2,020	1,055	970	13.4	13.9	12.9
Pakistan	725	420	300	4.8	5.5	4.0
Sri Lanka	160	95	65	1.1	1.3	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	625	245	375	4.1	3.2	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	160	85	75	1.1	1.1	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,065	1,910	2,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	275	105	165	6.8	5.5	7.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	30	10	15	0.7	0.5	0.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	20	60	2.0	1.0	2.8
Mexico	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
United States of America	75	50	30	1.8	2.6	1.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	20	20	1.0	1.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	35	10	20	0.9	0.5	0.9
Europe	135	70	65	3.3	3.7	3.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	20	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	15	0.6	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	55	30	25	1.4	1.6	1.2
Africa	885	445	445	21.8	23.3	20.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	30	15	10	0.7	0.8	0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	60	45	15	1.5	2.4	0.7
Eritrea	130	95	35	3.2	5.0	1.6
Ethiopia	120	45	80	3.0	2.4	3.7
Morocco	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Nigeria	150	65	90	3.7	3.4	4.2
Somalia	105	45	55	2.6	2.4	2.6
South Africa, Republic of	80	40	35	2.0	2.1	1.6
Sudan⁹⁷	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.7
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	150	60	85	3.7	3.1	3.9
Asia	2,765	1,285	1,480	68.0	67.3	68.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	0	30	0.9	0.0	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	370	185	185	9.1	9.7	8.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	55	30	30	1.4	1.6	1.4
Pakistan	90	60	30	2.2	3.1	1.4
Philippines	1,945	910	1,035	47.8	47.6	48.0
Saudi Arabia	20	20	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	35	20	10	0.9	1.0	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	20	0.6	0.5	0.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	115	25	85	2.8	1.3	3.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	67,780	35,725	32,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,385	8,265	8,125	24.2	23.1	25.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,215	4,320	3,895	12.1	12.1	12.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	43,180	23,140	20,040	63.7	64.8	62.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	14,510	7,195	7,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,585	4,390	4,195	59.2	61.0	57.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,645	2,040	1,605	25.1	28.4	21.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,935	2,345	2,590	34.0	32.6	35.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,765	1,445	2,320	25.9	20.1	31.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,020	1,305	720	13.9	18.1	9.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	140	55	85	1.0	0.8	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	14,510	7,195	7,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	915	570	345	6.3	7.9	4.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,930	1,110	1,820	20.2	15.4	24.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	390	185	205	2.7	2.6	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	555	325	230	3.8	4.5	3.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,700	5,000	4,705	66.9	69.5	64.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	67,780	35,725	32,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	19,320	9,685	9,640	28.5	27.1	30.1
South Asian	4,755	2,515	2,235	7.0	7.0	7.0
Chinese	725	335	400	1.1	0.9	1.2
Black	4,685	2,620	2,065	6.9	7.3	6.4
Filipino	5,815	2,615	3,205	8.6	7.3	10.0
Arab	1,285	710	580	1.9	2.0	1.8
Latin American	635	250	385	0.9	0.7	1.2
Southeast Asian	425	160	270	0.6	0.4	0.8
West Asian	215	145	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Korean	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	200	85	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	450	200	250	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	48,460	26,045	22,415	71.5	72.9	69.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	67,785	35,725	32,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,745	5,785	4,955	15.9	16.2	15.5
English	11,070	5,870	5,200	16.3	16.4	16.2
Irish	11,120	5,710	5,405	16.4	16.0	16.9
Scottish	8,510	4,385	4,125	12.6	12.3	12.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,255	2,670	2,590	7.8	7.5	8.1
German	4,520	2,260	2,260	6.7	6.3	7.1
Chinese	845	375	470	1.2	1.0	1.5
Italian	865	550	315	1.3	1.5	1.0
Indian (India)	2,225	1,180	1,040	3.3	3.3	3.2
Ukrainian	2,485	1,320	1,165	3.7	3.7	3.6
Dutch	1,395	750	645	2.1	2.1	2.0
Polish	1,175	650	530	1.7	1.8	1.7
Québécois	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,485	780	705	2.2	2.2	2.2
Filipino	4,945	2,200	2,745	7.3	6.2	8.6
French Canadian	305	160	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,455	1,890	1,570	5.1	5.3	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,815	985	830	2.7	2.8	2.6
Métis	2,535	1,240	1,295	3.7	3.5	4.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,485	770	715	2.2	2.2	2.2
Russian	630	335	295	0.9	0.9	0.9
Norwegian	940	460	480	1.4	1.3	1.5
Welsh	895	420	475	1.3	1.2	1.5
Portuguese	310	125	185	0.5	0.3	0.6
American	590	320	270	0.9	0.9	0.8
Spanish	595	250	345	0.9	0.7	1.1
Swedish	710	355	355	1.0	1.0	1.1
Hungarian	370	175	195	0.5	0.5	0.6
Acadian	545	280	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistani	960	485	480	1.4	1.4	1.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	990	535	455	1.5	1.5	1.4
Jewish	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	240	120	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Vietnamese	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	605	340	260	0.9	1.0	0.8
Greek	160	95	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	385	200	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,080	530	545	1.6	1.5	1.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	805	390	415	1.2	1.1	1.3
Korean	85	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	305	165	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
Lebanese	580	340	240	0.9	1.0	0.7
Iranian	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	275	140	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	390	205	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	535	280	255	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sikh	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	230	150	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belgian	110	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	555	305	255	0.8	0.9	0.8
Mexican	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swiss	75	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Finnish	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	185	105	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,490	685	810	2.2	1.9	2.5
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	235	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	145	90	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	80	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	85	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tamil	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Colombian	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	145	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czech	170	65	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syrian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	220	125	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	45	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	1,460	815	640	2.2	2.3	2.0
Hong Konger	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Turkish	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	465	245	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bangladeshi	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	370	210	165	0.5	0.6	0.5
Armenian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	570	365	200	0.8	1.0	0.6
Taiwanese	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	110	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	185	80	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ethiopian	435	280	155	0.6	0.8	0.5
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	235	105	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	105	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	195	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrean	210	125	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Canadian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	485	260	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ghanaian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	100	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guatemalan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	200	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Irish	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	45	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	75	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	95	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	235	100	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	105	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	65	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	155	105	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	445	255	185	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	195	120	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Burmese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	105	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	67,780	35,725	32,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	270	95	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	36,100	18,005	18,090	53.3	50.4	56.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,515	3,215	3,295	9.6	9.0	10.3
Anabaptist	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	3,315	1,690	1,630	4.9	4.7	5.1
Baptist	805	350	455	1.2	1.0	1.4
Catholic	16,950	8,445	8,510	25.0	23.6	26.5
Christian Orthodox	935	500	435	1.4	1.4	1.4
Jehovah's Witness	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	205	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	195	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	745	385	355	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,575	1,215	1,360	3.8	3.4	4.2
Presbyterian	215	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Reformed	195	120	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
United Church	1,815	960	855	2.7	2.7	2.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,460	750	705	2.2	2.1	2.2
Hindu	2,025	1,090	935	3.0	3.1	2.9
Jewish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	4,295	2,370	1,925	6.3	6.6	6.0
Sikh	305	180	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	365	185	185	0.5	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	24,380	13,775	10,600	36.0	38.6	33.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	66,895	35,245	31,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	57,290	30,230	27,060	85.6	85.8	85.5
Movers	9,600	5,010	4,585	14.4	14.2	14.5
Non-migrants	7,165	3,815	3,355	10.7	10.8	10.6
Migrants	2,435	1,200	1,230	3.6	3.4	3.9
Internal migrants	1,975	990	990	3.0	2.8	3.1
Intraprovincial migrants	1,220	595	620	1.8	1.7	2.0
Interprovincial migrants	760	395	370	1.1	1.1	1.2
External migrants	455	215	245	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	62,260	32,845	29,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	33,545	17,845	15,700	53.9	54.3	53.4
Movers	28,715	15,000	13,715	46.1	45.7	46.6
Non-migrants	15,825	8,395	7,425	25.4	25.6	25.2
Migrants	12,895	6,605	6,285	20.7	20.1	21.4
Internal migrants	10,165	5,250	4,920	16.3	16.0	16.7
Intraprovincial migrants	4,870	2,445	2,425	7.8	7.4	8.2
Interprovincial migrants	5,295	2,805	2,490	8.5	8.5	8.5
External migrants	2,725	1,355	1,370	4.4	4.1	4.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,195	27,720	24,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,690	3,790	2,900	12.8	13.7	11.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	45,505	23,930	21,575	87.2	86.3	88.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,225	22,300	19,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,480	2,065	1,420	8.2	9.3	7.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	38,745	20,230	18,515	91.8	90.7	92.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,195	27,715	24,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,845	3,155	2,690	11.2	11.4	11.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,945	8,075	7,875	30.5	29.1	32.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,405	16,495	13,915	58.3	59.5	56.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,060	12,085	7,975	38.4	43.6	32.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,580	6,225	1,355	14.5	22.5	5.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,065	1,380	690	4.0	5.0	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,515	4,850	665	10.6	17.5	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,800	5,145	5,645	20.7	18.6	23.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,680	705	975	3.2	2.5	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,345	4,405	5,935	19.8	15.9	24.2
Bachelor's degree	7,495	3,050	4,445	14.4	11.0	18.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	635	280	355	1.2	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	75	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,875	920	955	3.6	3.3	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,230	22,295	19,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,790	1,540	1,245	6.6	6.9	6.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,815	5,995	5,815	28.0	26.9	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,625	14,760	12,870	65.4	66.2	64.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,070	10,775	7,295	42.8	48.3	36.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,735	5,515	1,225	15.9	24.7	6.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,820	1,190	630	4.3	5.3	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,915	4,325	595	11.6	19.4	3.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,825	4,640	5,185	23.3	20.8	26.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,510	620	885	3.6	2.8	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,555	3,985	5,575	22.6	17.9	28.0
Bachelor's degree	6,870	2,715	4,155	16.3	12.2	20.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	575	250	330	1.4	1.1	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	70	115	0.4	0.3	0.6
Master's degree	1,780	865	910	4.2	3.9	4.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	85	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,195	27,715	24,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,790	11,225	10,565	41.7	40.5	43.2
Education	1,585	310	1,275	3.0	1.1	5.2
13. Education	1,585	310	1,275	3.0	1.1	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	460	170	295	0.9	0.6	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	65	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	380	100	280	0.7	0.4	1.1
Humanities	875	325	545	1.7	1.2	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	0	70	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	185	50	135	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	315	90	220	0.6	0.3	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	100	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
54. History	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,955	530	1,425	3.7	1.9	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	85	125	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	440	25	420	0.8	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	210	60	145	0.4	0.2	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	360	60	305	0.7	0.2	1.2
45. Social sciences	660	290	360	1.3	1.0	1.5
Business, management and public administration	5,730	1,575	4,155	11.0	5.7	17.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	375	80	295	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,360	1,495	3,860	10.3	5.4	15.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	840	380	455	1.6	1.4	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	250	65	185	0.5	0.2	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235	85	150	0.5	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	275	175	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	975	525	440	1.9	1.9	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	855	470	385	1.6	1.7	1.6
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,820	10,230	1,585	22.6	36.9	6.5
04. Architecture and related services	105	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	2,245	1,775	470	4.3	6.4	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,150	2,535	620	6.0	9.1	2.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,485	2,290	200	4.8	8.3	0.8
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,720	2,555	165	5.2	9.2	0.7
48. Precision production	1,110	1,025	85	2.1	3.7	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	600	320	280	1.1	1.2	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	245	135	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	350	185	170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Health and related fields	3,220	625	2,600	6.2	2.3	10.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	100	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,990	485	2,500	5.7	1.7	10.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,330	1,495	835	4.5	5.4	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	770	170	600	1.5	0.6	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	415	280	135	0.8	1.0	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,145	1,040	100	2.2	3.8	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	42,225	22,300	19,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,605	7,545	7,065	34.6	33.8	35.4
Education	1,450	275	1,175	3.4	1.2	5.9
13. Education	1,450	275	1,175	3.4	1.2	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	430	150	275	1.0	0.7	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	55	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	360	95	260	0.9	0.4	1.3
Humanities	770	280	495	1.8	1.3	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	0	60	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	175	50	120	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	70	190	0.6	0.3	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	75	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,790	455	1,335	4.2	2.0	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	205	80	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	395	25	375	0.9	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	180	45	130	0.4	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	330	40	300	0.8	0.2	1.5
45. Social sciences	605	260	345	1.4	1.2	1.7
Business, management and public administration	5,255	1,400	3,850	12.4	6.3	19.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	345	75	270	0.8	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,905	1,325	3,580	11.6	5.9	18.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	740	310	430	1.8	1.4	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	45	170	0.5	0.2	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	60	140	0.5	0.3	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	250	150	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	920	490	430	2.2	2.2	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	820	440	380	1.9	2.0	1.9
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,645	9,150	1,495	25.2	41.0	7.5
04. Architecture and related services	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
14. Engineering	2,060	1,625	435	4.9	7.3	2.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,825	2,235	590	6.7	10.0	3.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,240	2,060	180	5.3	9.2	0.9
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,450	2,290	160	5.8	10.3	0.8
48. Precision production	975	895	85	2.3	4.0	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	555	295	260	1.3	1.3	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	220	120	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	340	180	160	0.8	0.8	0.8
Health and related fields	2,955	585	2,365	7.0	2.6	11.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	160	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,740	470	2,265	6.5	2.1	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,110	1,360	755	5.0	6.1	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	680	140	540	1.6	0.6	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	385	260	125	0.9	1.2	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,045	950	90	2.5	4.3	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	42,225	22,300	19,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,605	7,545	7,065	34.6	33.8	35.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,620	14,755	12,865	65.4	66.2	64.6
Location of study inside Canada	21,390	11,910	9,480	50.7	53.4	47.6
Same as province or territory of residence	10,470	6,315	4,155	24.8	28.3	20.8
Different than province or territory of residence	10,920	5,595	5,325	25.9	25.1	26.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,230	2,845	3,385	14.8	12.8	17.0
Americas	650	310	340	1.5	1.4	1.7
United States of America	340	185	155	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mexico	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Americas	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	605	345	260	1.4	1.5	1.3
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Poland	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	240	155	85	0.6	0.7	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	770	435	335	1.8	2.0	1.7
Nigeria	190	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Morocco	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Tunisia	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egypt	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	130	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	350	200	150	0.8	0.9	0.8
Asia	4,150	1,730	2,420	9.8	7.8	12.1
Iran⁸⁸	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	145	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	2,325	870	1,460	5.5	3.9	7.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	1,060	540	525	2.5	2.4	2.6
Pakistan	275	140	130	0.7	0.6	0.7
Other locations of study in Asia	90	15	75	0.2	0.1	0.4
Oceania	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australia	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	52,195	27,715	24,480	...	...	...
In the labour force	40,505	23,440	17,070	...	...	...
Employed	36,985	21,795	15,190	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,520	1,640	1,875	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	11,690	4,275	7,410	...	...	...
Participation rate	77.6	84.6	69.7	77.6	84.6	69.7
Employment rate	70.9	78.6	62.1	70.9	78.6	62.1
Unemployment rate	8.7	7.0	11.0	8.7	7.0	11.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	52,195	27,715	24,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,810	4,895	7,915	24.5	17.7	32.3
Worked	39,385	22,825	16,565	75.5	82.4	67.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	21,755	13,695	8,065	41.7	49.4	32.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	17,630	9,130	8,495	33.8	32.9	34.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.9	39.2	40.7	41.9	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	40,505	23,440	17,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	830	360	470	2.0	1.5	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	39,675	23,075	16,595	98.0	98.4	97.2
Employee	37,410	21,900	15,510	92.4	93.4	90.9
Permanent position	32,550	19,600	12,950	80.4	83.6	75.9
Temporary position	4,860	2,295	2,565	12.0	9.8	15.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,650	875	780	4.1	3.7	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,210	1,425	1,785	7.9	6.1	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,260	1,175	1,085	5.6	5.0	6.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	40,505	23,440	17,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	830	360	470	2.0	1.5	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	39,675	23,075	16,595	98.0	98.4	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	190	135	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,225	1,305	3,920	12.9	5.6	23.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,415	2,615	800	8.4	11.2	4.7
3 Health occupations	1,480	205	1,270	3.7	0.9	7.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,690	1,010	2,680	9.1	4.3	15.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	375	115	265	0.9	0.5	1.6
6 Sales and service occupations	8,600	3,265	5,335	21.2	13.9	31.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,660	10,965	1,695	31.3	46.8	9.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,575	1,275	295	3.9	5.4	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,465	2,185	285	6.1	9.3	1.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	40,505	23,440	17,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	830	360	470	2.0	1.5	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	39,675	23,075	16,595	98.0	98.4	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	12,155	9,595	2,560	30.0	40.9	15.0
22 Utilities	225	170	50	0.6	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	3,210	2,535	680	7.9	10.8	4.0
31-33 Manufacturing	815	635	185	2.0	2.7	1.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,200	840	355	3.0	3.6	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	3,435	1,345	2,090	8.5	5.7	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,000	1,490	510	4.9	6.4	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	185	100	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	510	140	370	1.3	0.6	2.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	905	515	395	2.2	2.2	2.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,405	725	680	3.5	3.1	4.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,460	1,270	1,190	6.1	5.4	7.0
61 Educational services	2,190	390	1,800	5.4	1.7	10.5
62 Health care and social assistance	2,630	275	2,355	6.5	1.2	13.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	540	215	330	1.3	0.9	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,095	880	1,215	5.2	3.8	7.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,685	875	810	4.2	3.7	4.7
91 Public administration	1,865	1,005	860	4.6	4.3	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	42,495	24,285	18,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	41,700	23,930	17,775	98.1	98.5	97.6
French	70	10	60	0.2	0.0	0.3
Non-official language	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	270	105	170	0.6	0.4	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	410	210	200	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	42,495	24,285	18,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,430	24,270	18,160	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	42,335	24,205	18,135	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	42,240	24,190	18,050	99.4	99.6	99.1
French	95	10	85	0.2	0.0	0.5
Non-official languages	90	60	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	60	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	70	15	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	42,495	24,285	18,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	41,870	23,980	17,895	98.5	98.7	98.2
English	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	195	95	105	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	305	145	160	0.7	0.6	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	285	140	150	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	36,985	21,795	15,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,370	1,760	2,610	11.8	8.1	17.2
Worked outside Canada	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	7,670	5,665	2,010	20.7	26.0	13.2
Usual place of work	24,920	14,355	10,565	67.4	65.9	69.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	24,920	14,355	10,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,125	13,855	10,270	96.8	96.5	97.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	420	270	150	1.7	1.9	1.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	285	195	90	1.1	1.4	0.9
Commute to a different province or territory	95	35	55	0.4	0.2	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	32,595	20,015	12,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	21,995	12,810	9,185	67.5	64.0	73.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,855	11,695	8,160	60.9	58.4	64.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,145	1,115	1,030	6.6	5.6	8.2
Public transit	8,995	6,560	2,440	27.6	32.8	19.4
Walked	980	345	630	3.0	1.7	5.0
Bicycle	90	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other method	530	250	280	1.6	1.2	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	32,595	20,015	12,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,565	3,420	5,145	26.3	17.1	40.9
15 to 29 minutes	8,295	4,620	3,675	25.4	23.1	29.2
30 to 44 minutes	6,990	5,290	1,705	21.4	26.4	13.6
45 to 59 minutes	4,300	3,230	1,070	13.2	16.1	8.5
60 minutes and over	4,440	3,460	985	13.6	17.3	7.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	32,595	20,015	12,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,995	4,065	935	15.3	20.3	7.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,055	7,200	2,855	30.8	36.0	22.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,965	2,875	3,095	18.3	14.4	24.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,965	1,425	2,540	12.2	7.1	20.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,875	720	1,150	5.8	3.6	9.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,740	3,735	2,005	17.6	18.7	15.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,150	9,325	8,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,585	810	775	8.7	8.7	8.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,565	8,520	8,050	91.3	91.4	91.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,240	6,285	5,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,085	560	520	8.9	8.9	8.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	530	265	265	4.3	4.2	4.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550	295	255	4.5	4.7	4.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,155	5,730	5,430	91.1	91.2	91.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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