Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fort McMurrayMore information: Alberta [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	68,002	...	...
Population, 2016¹	67,123^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	28,670	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	24,505	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,303.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	52.17	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	67,995	35,775	32,220
0 to 14 years	15,660	8,015	7,640
0 to 4 years	5,525	2,835	2,690
5 to 9 years	5,590	2,875	2,720
10 to 14 years	4,540	2,310	2,235
15 to 64 years	49,505	26,245	23,265
15 to 19 years	3,615	1,955	1,665
20 to 24 years	3,615	1,955	1,660
25 to 29 years	4,840	2,430	2,405
30 to 34 years	7,115	3,490	3,620
35 to 39 years	7,580	3,950	3,635
40 to 44 years	6,115	3,210	2,905
45 to 49 years	5,075	2,790	2,285
50 to 54 years	4,515	2,460	2,060
55 to 59 years	4,120	2,315	1,810
60 to 64 years	2,915	1,700	1,210
65 years and over	2,830	1,520	1,310
65 to 69 years	1,510	860	655
70 to 74 years	720	390	335
75 to 79 years	335	165	170
80 to 84 years	155	75	80
85 years and over	110	35	75
85 to 89 years	70	30	40
90 to 94 years	30	5	30
95 to 99 years	10	0	10
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.0	22.4	23.7
15 to 64 years	72.8	73.4	72.2
65 years and over	4.2	4.2	4.1
85 years and over	0.2	0.1	0.2
Average age of the population	33.3	33.7	32.8
Median age of the population	34.4	35.2	33.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	24,505	...	...
Single-detached house	11,470	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,125	...	...
Row house	2,590	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	455	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,610	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	845	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,400	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	24,505	...	...
1 person	5,360	...	...
2 persons	7,230	...	...
3 persons	4,530	...	...
4 persons	4,370	...	...
5 or more persons	3,020	...	...
Number of persons in private households	67,805	35,690	32,120
Average household size	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	52,340	27,760	24,580
Married or living common-law	33,060	16,855	16,205
Married	25,535	13,110	12,425
Living common-law	7,520	3,745	3,775
Living common law - Never married	5,975	2,985	2,990
Living common law - Separated	320	190	130
Living common law - Divorced	1,170	565	605
Living common law - Widowed	50	10	40
Not married and not living common-law	19,280	10,905	8,380
Not married and not living common law - Never married	14,475	8,640	5,835
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,435	765	670
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,555	1,290	1,265
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	815	210	605
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	18,330	...	...
2 persons	7,665	...	...
3 persons	4,345	...	...
4 persons	4,330	...	...
5 or more persons	1,985	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	18,325	...	...
Total couple families	15,760	...	...
Married couples	12,005	...	...
With children⁶	7,945	...	...
Without children	4,060	...	...
Common-law couples	3,760	...	...
With children⁶	1,725	...	...
Without children	2,040	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,565	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,770	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	790	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	67,805	35,690	32,120
Total - Persons in census families	56,330	28,340	27,985
Married spouses or common-law partners	31,530	15,750	15,780
Parents in one-parent families	2,560	790	1,770
Children⁶	22,235	11,805	10,435
In a two-parent family	18,300	9,645	8,650
In a one-parent family	3,940	2,155	1,780
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,480	7,345	4,135
Living alone	5,360	3,615	1,740
Living with other relatives⁷	1,945	985	955
Living with non-relatives only	4,180	2,745	1,435
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	24,505	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,990	...	...
Couple-family households	13,245	...	...
With children⁶	8,245	...	...
Without children	4,995	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,750	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	890	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	230	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,445	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,590	...	...
One-person households	5,360	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	52,155	27,670	24,480
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,605	26,610	22,995
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	74,000	114,000	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,620	26,620	23,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,400	90,000	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,920	25,700	20,220
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	77,000	115,000	42,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	43,255	24,680	18,570
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	81,000	117,000	46,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,355	21,805	19,545
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,560	1,210	6,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,185	2,945	4,240
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,760	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,445	7,095	8,350
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	52,200	27,720	24,480
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,665	26,640	23,030
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	97,800	128,600	62,150
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,685	26,650	23,025
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	75,500	96,500	51,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,860	25,685	20,170
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	98,900	128,200	61,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	43,265	24,645	18,625
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	99,600	127,800	62,350
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	41,365	21,755	19,610
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,780	6,135	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,240	2,925	4,315
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,770	7,150	8,190
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,305	6,935	8,365
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,680	8,320	8,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	52,195	27,720	24,475
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,425	13,505	7,920
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	118,000	150,000	83,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	133,800	157,200	93,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,935	8,775	8,165
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,000	84,000	26,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	71,800	100,100	41,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	93.4	96.2	86.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	88.8	91.8	81.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	6.6	3.9	13.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.6	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.0	1.8	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.7	1.7	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	52,155	27,675	24,485
Without total income	2,555	1,065	1,490
With total income	49,600	26,605	22,995
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,405	1,235	3,170
$10,000 to $19,999	3,060	1,015	2,040
$20,000 to $29,999	3,955	1,380	2,575
$30,000 to $39,999	3,600	1,160	2,435
$40,000 to $49,999	3,325	1,205	2,120
$50,000 to $59,999	2,940	1,085	1,855
$60,000 to $69,999	2,590	1,145	1,445
$70,000 to $79,999	2,265	1,135	1,125
$80,000 to $89,999	2,185	1,175	1,005
$90,000 to $99,999	2,075	1,195	880
$100,000 and over	19,210	14,870	4,335
$100,000 to $149,999	7,545	4,965	2,580
$150,000 and over	11,660	9,900	1,755
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	52,155	27,675	24,485
Without after-tax income	2,535	1,055	1,480
With after-tax income	49,620	26,615	23,000
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,485	1,265	3,220
$10,000 to $19,999	3,215	1,080	2,135
$20,000 to $29,999	4,660	1,600	3,065
$30,000 to $39,999	4,215	1,465	2,750
$40,000 to $49,999	4,075	1,490	2,580
$50,000 to $59,999	3,450	1,525	1,930
$60,000 to $69,999	3,165	1,625	1,540
$70,000 to $79,999	2,865	1,630	1,235
$80,000 to $89,999	2,715	1,610	1,100
$90,000 to $99,999	2,485	1,595	890
$100,000 and over	14,290	11,730	2,555
$100,000 to $124,999	4,150	3,030	1,125
$125,000 and over	10,135	8,705	1,435
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	52,155	27,675	24,485
Without employment income	8,900	2,990	5,915
With employment income	43,250	24,680	18,575
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,105	1,155	1,955
$5,000 to $9,999	2,060	725	1,330
$10,000 to $19,999	3,050	1,100	1,950
$20,000 to $29,999	2,525	910	1,615
$30,000 to $39,999	2,535	910	1,625
$40,000 to $49,999	2,215	920	1,295
$50,000 to $59,999	2,060	845	1,215
$60,000 to $69,999	2,115	965	1,145
$70,000 to $79,999	1,845	965	875
$80,000 to $89,999	1,945	1,070	870
$90,000 to $99,999	1,780	1,025	755
$100,000 and over	18,025	14,090	3,935
$100,000 to $124,999	4,160	2,570	1,590
$125,000 and over	13,865	11,520	2,345
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	52,155	27,670	24,480
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,320	26,020	22,300
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	76,000	117,000	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,350	26,020	22,330
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,200	92,000	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,265	25,325	19,945
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	80,000	119,000	47,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,945	24,470	18,480
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	83,000	121,000	49,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,910	20,685	17,230
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	940	860	1,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,700	2,350	3,350
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,900	5,520	8,100
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	52,200	27,720	24,480
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,345	26,090	22,255
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	97,200	128,800	60,050
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,380	26,095	22,290
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	74,400	96,000	49,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,195	25,310	19,885
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	100,400	130,400	62,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,015	24,460	18,555
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	101,500	130,400	63,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,035	20,795	17,240
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,240	2,972	5,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,635	2,165	3,475
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,980	7,470	9,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	52,195	27,720	24,475
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,360	13,485	7,880
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	116,000	147,000	76,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	129,600	154,200	87,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,125	8,535	7,595
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	58,400	98,000	37,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	81,500	109,300	50,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	96.6	98.2	92.6
Employment income (%)	93.0	94.8	88.2
Government transfers (%)	3.4	1.8	7.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.5	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	24,505	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	186,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,360	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	19,145	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	206,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	24,525	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	198,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	152,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,380	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	124,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	19,145	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	218,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	169,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	24,505	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	95	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	230	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	200	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	245	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	285	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	295	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	615	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	705	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	745	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	805	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,175	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,120	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,060	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,995	...	...
$200,000 and over	11,010	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	24,505	...	...
Under $5,000	140	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	95	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	95	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	245	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	250	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	250	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	300	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	360	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	375	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	745	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	915	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	980	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,155	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,485	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,885	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,050	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,555	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,985	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	202,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,355	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	196,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,705	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	224,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,300	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,540	6,360	3,175
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	88,000	105,000	62,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	71,500	83,000	53,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	18,025	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	214,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	165,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,395	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	208,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	159,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,665	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	237,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	182,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,290	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	126,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	102,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,550	6,390	3,155
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	104,800	119,200	75,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	80,500	90,100	61,050
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	67,810	35,690	32,125
0 to 17 years	17,890	9,195	8,695
0 to 5 years	6,755	3,460	3,295
18 to 64 years	47,185	25,015	22,170
65 years and over	2,730	1,480	1,250
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,365	1,105	1,255
0 to 17 years	845	445	395
0 to 5 years	320	165	150
18 to 64 years	1,405	615	790
65 years and over	115	50	65
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	3.5	3.1	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	2.5	3.6
65 years and over (%)	4.1	3.2	5.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	67,805	35,690	32,120
0 to 17 years	17,890	9,190	8,700
0 to 5 years	6,755	3,455	3,300
18 to 64 years	47,190	25,015	22,175
65 years and over	2,730	1,480	1,250
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,330	680	645
0 to 17 years	370	200	175
0 to 5 years	115	60	60
18 to 64 years	925	465	460
65 years and over	35	20	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	1.9	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	2.1	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.7	1.7	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.0	1.9	2.1
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.4	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	67,810	35,690	32,120
In bottom half of the distribution	13,410	6,575	6,835
In bottom decile	2,515	1,250	1,265
In second decile	2,340	1,100	1,240
In third decile	2,500	1,240	1,260
In fourth decile	2,810	1,390	1,425
In fifth decile	3,250	1,595	1,655
In top half of the distribution	54,395	29,115	25,285
In sixth decile	3,900	1,950	1,950
In seventh decile	5,100	2,585	2,510
In eighth decile	7,365	3,860	3,510
In ninth decile	12,010	6,315	5,695
In top decile	26,025	14,410	11,615
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	67,805	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.338	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	67,940	35,745	32,190
English only	63,295	33,475	29,825
French only	70	25	45
English and French	4,105	2,075	2,030
Neither English nor French	470	170	300
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	67,940	35,745	32,190
English	65,955	34,685	31,270
French	1,295	775	525
English and French	245	130	115
Neither English nor French	445	160	285
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	67,940	35,745	32,190
Single responses	64,805	34,220	30,590
Official languages	52,760	28,300	24,460
English	51,465	27,540	23,925
French	1,295	760	535
Non-official languages	12,045	5,920	6,125
Indigenous languages³⁹	220	95	130
Algonquian languages	105	40	60
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	95	35	55
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	95	35	55
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	10	20
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	30	5	20
Cree, n.o.s.	35	15	20
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	110	55	55
Northern Athabaskan languages	110	55	55
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	105	45	55
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	5	5	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,825	5,825	5,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,030	1,160	875
Berber languages	10	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	5	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0	0
Hausa	5	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	620	375	245
Bilen	5	5	5
Oromo	55	30	20
Somali	545	335	215
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5
Semitic languages	1,400	775	625
Amharic	340	180	160
Arabic	865	480	385
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	185	110	75
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5
Vietnamese	45	25	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,580	1,535	2,040
Bikol	15	5	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	30	35
Cebuano	85	35	50
Fijian	10	0	5
Hiligaynon	60	20	40
Ilocano	195	90	100
Indonesian	20	5	10
Kankanaey	25	10	20
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	15
Pangasinan	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,990	1,285	1,705
Waray-Waray	20	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20
Creole languages	30	15	15
Haitian Creole	5	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	360	200	160
Kannada	10	5	0
Malayalam	155	80	75
Tamil	120	70	50
Telugu	75	40	35
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Georgian	15	5	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,315	2,190	2,135
Albanian	10	10	5
Armenian	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	410	205	210
Baltic languages	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5
Slavic languages	410	205	200
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	10	10
Czech	15	10	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	75	35	35
Russian	135	60	75
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	65	30	35
Bosnian	10	5	5
Croatian	15	10	10
Serbian	40	20	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0
Ukrainian	80	40	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	285	160	125
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	90	60	30
German	85	60	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	185	95	90
Afrikaans	135	65	70
Dutch	45	25	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	5	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0
Swedish	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	30	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages	2,745	1,430	1,320
Indo-Aryan languages	2,590	1,340	1,250
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	190	95	100
Gujarati	870	445	430
Hindi	245	140	110
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	5
Marathi	45	25	20
Nepali	45	20	30
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	350	190	165
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	35	35
Urdu	750	390	360
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Iranian languages	155	90	70
Baluchi	5	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	55	30	25
Persian languages	95	55	40
Dari	20	10	10
Iranian Persian	60	35	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	825	365	455
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	35	10	20
Portuguese	100	45	55
Romanian	75	40	35
Spanish	610	265	340
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	15
Korean	80	40	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	555	290	265
Akan (Twi)	40	25	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	5	0
Éwé	15	10	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	10	10	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	20	15	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	15
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	25	15	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0
Shona	90	50	40
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	5	10
Swahili	30	15	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	100	50	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	75	90
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	50	5
Dinka	30	30	5
Nuer	5	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Sign languages	5	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	575	270	300
Chinese languages	570	270	300
Hakka	5	0	0
Mandarin	415	190	220
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	65	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	0
Burmese	5	5	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	5	65
Lao	5	0	0
Thai	70	5	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	20	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	30	15	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	25	20
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0
Hungarian	35	15	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,130	1,530	1,605
English and French	435	235	200
English and non-official language(s)	2,385	1,155	1,230
French and non-official language(s)	55	35	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	35
Multiple non-official languages	195	75	115
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	67,940	35,745	32,190
English	52,330	27,955	24,370
French	400	220	180
Non-official language	2,875	1,420	1,460
Indigenous³⁹	60	30	35
Non-Indigenous	2,815	1,390	1,425
English and French	900	475	420
English and non-official language(s)	10,790	5,360	5,430
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	265	135	130
Multiple non-official languages	360	170	185
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	67,940	35,745	32,190
Single responses	65,035	34,305	30,730
Official languages	57,795	30,630	27,165
English	57,235	30,320	26,915
French	560	310	255
Non-official languages	7,245	3,675	3,565
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	50	45
Algonquian languages	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	5	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	85	45	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	80	40	40
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	75	35	40
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	5	5	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,150	3,625	3,525
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,245	710	540
Berber languages	15	10	5
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	15	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	385	240	140
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	30	20	10
Somali	350	225	130
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	845	455	390
Amharic	190	100	90
Arabic	530	280	250
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	125	70	55
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,195	1,045	1,150
Bikol	10	5	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	5
Cebuano	45	20	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	45	20	25
Ilocano	150	75	75
Indonesian	5	0	0
Kankanaey	10	0	5
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5
Pangasinan	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,870	885	985
Waray-Waray	5	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Creole languages	25	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	5	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	250	130	120
Kannada	5	5	5
Malayalam	100	55	50
Tamil	95	50	45
Telugu	45	25	20
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,630	1,320	1,310
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	195	95	100
Baltic languages	5	5	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0
Slavic languages	190	90	100
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	10
Russian	100	50	55
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	20	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	100	50	45
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5
German	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	50	40
Afrikaans	80	45	40
Dutch	10	5	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,940	990	950
Indo-Aryan languages	1,845	945	900
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	110	60	60
Gujarati	710	370	340
Hindi	180	100	80
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	20	10	10
Nepali	35	15	25
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	225	120	105
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	30	25
Urdu	495	240	255
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	90	50	45
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	35	15	20
Persian languages	55	30	25
Dari	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	35	20	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	385	175	205
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10
Portuguese	25	10	15
Romanian	25	15	10
Spanish	320	150	175
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5
Korean	65	30	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	265	135	130
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	5	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0
Shona	50	25	20
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	10
Swahili	10	5	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	15	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	20	5
Dinka	10	10	0
Nuer	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	10	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	190	180
Chinese languages	365	185	180
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	270	140	135
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	40	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,900	1,440	1,460
English and French	175	95	80
English and non-official language(s)	2,655	1,320	1,335
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	67,940	35,745	32,190
None	57,920	30,735	27,185
English	3,460	1,780	1,680
French	640	330	305
Non-official language	4,495	2,165	2,335
Indigenous³⁹	165	65	100
Non-Indigenous	4,330	2,095	2,230
English and French	40	35	10
English and non-official language(s)	675	370	310
French and non-official language(s)	125	60	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	565	275	290
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	67,780	35,725	32,055
Official languages	67,320	35,570	31,750
English	67,240	35,530	31,705
French	4,105	2,135	1,970
Non-official languages	17,365	8,645	8,725
Indigenous languages³⁹	190	70	120
Algonquian languages	125	45	85
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	115	35	80
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	115	35	80
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	0	30
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	0	20
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	20
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	70	30	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	70	30	40
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	50	20	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	15	10	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,185	8,580	8,605
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,015	1,750	1,260
Berber languages	25	20	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	20	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	0	0
Hausa	10	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	765	465	300
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	100	50	50
Somali	645	405	250
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	2,330	1,360	980
Amharic	605	380	225
Arabic	1,555	890	665
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	295	175	120
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	40	50
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	65	25	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	30	20	10
Austronesian languages	5,255	2,305	2,950
Bikol	10	0	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	90	40	50
Cebuano	175	85	90
Fijian	25	15	10
Hiligaynon	120	50	75
Ilocano	450	215	235
Indonesian	50	25	35
Kankanaey	80	35	45
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	25	15	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	15	25
Pangasinan	65	20	45
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,980	2,165	2,815
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	200	90	110
Creole languages	65	40	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0
Dravidian languages	705	390	315
Kannada	70	40	30
Malayalam	305	155	140
Tamil	180	100	80
Telugu	170	100	75
Tulu	35	15	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,315	3,255	3,060
Albanian	30	20	15
Armenian	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	625	300	320
Baltic languages	20	10	10
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	10
Slavic languages	605	290	315
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	0	10
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	150	80	70
Russian	310	135	175
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	80	50	30
Bosnian	15	0	15
Croatian	45	30	10
Serbian	40	35	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	180	75	105
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	10	10
Irish	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	530	290	240
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	235	135	100
German	230	135	100
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	295	155	140
Afrikaans	235	125	110
Dutch	75	40	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	10
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10
Swedish	10	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	95	50	45
Indo-Iranian languages	3,835	2,035	1,800
Indo-Aryan languages	3,585	1,895	1,690
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	240	120	120
Gujarati	1,170	580	590
Hindi	1,675	930	745
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	80	40	30
Nepali	65	25	40
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	725	420	305
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	120	65	60
Urdu	1,200	650	550
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	320	205	115
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	140	90	45
Persian languages	190	120	70
Dari	35	20	15
Iranian Persian	90	75	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	25	40
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	1,315	620	690
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	90	50	40
Portuguese	120	50	65
Romanian	125	70	50
Spanish	1,045	475	570
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	50	15	35
Korean	110	40	70
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,155	605	555
Akan (Twi)	85	60	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	15	0	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	10
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	65	30	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	20
Lingala	15	15	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	90	50	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	195	125	70
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	50	15	30
Swahili	120	50	70
Wojenaka	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	265	130	135
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	300	165	135
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	25	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	15	10	10
Sign languages	60	45	15
American Sign Language	55	35	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	710	315	395
Chinese languages	710	315	395
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	495	220	275
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	220	100	120
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	0	60
Lao	10	0	0
Thai	60	0	60
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	50	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	60	45	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	30	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	15	15	0
Hungarian	30	15	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	67,780	35,725	32,055
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,755	3,430	3,325
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,465	3,285	3,180
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,495	1,800	1,690
Métis	2,715	1,345	1,370
Inuk (Inuit)	260	140	120
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	180	95	80
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	40	70
Non-Indigenous identity	61,030	32,300	28,730
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	67,780	35,725	32,055
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,600	1,365	1,235
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	65,180	34,360	30,815
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	24,525	...	...
Owner	16,310	...	...
Renter	8,215	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	24,525	...	...
Condominium	6,910	...	...
Not condominium	17,615	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	24,525	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...
1 bedroom	2,295	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,770	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,870	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,465	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	24,525	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,770	...	...
5 rooms	4,085	...	...
6 rooms	3,610	...	...
7 rooms	3,095	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,965	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	24,525	...	...
One person or fewer per room	23,585	...	...
More than one person per room	940	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	24,525	...	...
Suitable	22,995	...	...
Not suitable	1,530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	24,525	...	...
1960 or before	325	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,790	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,645	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,635	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,575	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,875	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,285	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	24,525	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	23,240	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,280	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	24,525	...	...
One-maintainer household	12,735	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,380	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,410	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	24,525	...	...
15 to 24 years	835	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,435	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,230	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,565	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,085	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,110	...	...
75 to 84 years	235	...	...
85 years and over	40	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	24,485	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	21,370	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,120	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,735	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	24,525	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,415	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,705	...	...
Not suitable only	1,285	...	...
Major repairs needed only	920	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	145	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	265	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	19,110	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	24,105	...	...
In core need	1,055	...	...
Not in core need	23,050	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,310	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	87.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,732	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	468,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	458,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,215	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,550	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,674	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	67,780	35,730	32,055
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,470	1,905	1,560
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,310	1,840	1,470
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,415	1,325	1,090
Métis single ancestry	780	450	330
Inuit single ancestry	115	70	45
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	155	60	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	130	50	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	10
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,650	2,210	2,440
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,380	2,115	2,270
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,760	1,340	1,425
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,385	655	735
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	120	110
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	270	100	170
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	50	120
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	30
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	35	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	59,665	31,615	28,050
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	67,785	35,725	32,055
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	61,045	32,565	28,485
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,020	8,755	8,265
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	44,025	23,810	20,220
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,735	3,160	3,570
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	67,785	35,725	32,055
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	51,830	27,720	24,110
Immigrants⁸¹	15,120	7,575	7,540
Before 1980	610	380	225
1980 to 1990	590	320	265
1991 to 2000	1,520	890	625
2001 to 2010	4,470	2,285	2,185
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,930	3,695	4,230
2011 to 2015	3,860	1,790	2,075
2016 to 2021	4,060	1,905	2,155
Non-permanent residents⁸³	835	430	405
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,120	7,580	7,540
Under 5 years	990	570	420
5 to 14 years	2,330	1,230	1,100
15 to 24 years	2,655	1,400	1,255
25 to 44 years	7,620	3,665	3,960
45 years and over	1,520	715	810
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,120	7,580	7,540
Americas	1,265	585	680
Brazil	60	20	40
Colombia	120	65	55
El Salvador	30	15	15
Guyana	55	20	30
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	250	140	110
Mexico	40	10	30
Peru	35	15	20
Trinidad and Tobago	35	15	25
United States of America	315	165	150
Other places of birth in Americas	315	110	200
Europe	1,220	640	575
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	15
Croatia	10	0	0
France	10	0	10
Germany	90	50	40
Greece	25	15	0
Hungary	15	0	10
Italy	10	0	0
Netherlands	35	15	15
Poland	90	45	45
Portugal	25	0	15
Romania	45	20	20
Russian Federation	25	0	20
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0
Ukraine	115	40	70
United Kingdom⁸⁷	420	250	170
Other places of birth in Europe	265	155	110
Africa	3,210	1,845	1,360
Algeria	45	35	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	0
Egypt	125	85	35
Eritrea	205	125	80
Ethiopia	535	340	195
Morocco	80	55	35
Nigeria	455	220	235
Somalia	400	260	135
South Africa, Republic of	255	120	140
Other places of birth in Africa	1,080	590	490
Asia	9,265	4,420	4,840
Afghanistan	40	35	10
Iran⁸⁸	75	50	25
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	215	125	95
Syria⁸⁹	55	30	20
Turkey	45	25	20
China⁹⁰	405	180	225
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	35	15
Korea, South⁹²	85	40	50
Taiwan	10	0	10
Philippines	4,545	1,985	2,560
Viet Nam	75	25	55
Bangladesh	125	70	55
India	2,020	1,055	970
Pakistan	725	420	300
Sri Lanka	160	95	65
Other places of birth in Asia	625	245	375
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	160	85	75
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,065	1,910	2,155
Americas	275	105	165
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	30	10	15
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	80	20	60
Mexico	10	0	10
United States of America	75	50	30
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	20	20
Other places of birth in Americas	35	10	20
Europe	135	70	65
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	20	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	0	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	15
Other places of birth in Europe	55	30	25
Africa	885	445	445
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	30	15	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	60	45	15
Eritrea	130	95	35
Ethiopia	120	45	80
Morocco	10	0	10
Nigeria	150	65	90
Somalia	105	45	55
South Africa, Republic of	80	40	35
Sudan⁹⁷	15	0	15
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	150	60	85
Asia	2,765	1,285	1,480
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	0	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	370	185	185
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	55	30	30
Pakistan	90	60	30
Philippines	1,945	910	1,035
Saudi Arabia	20	20	0
Sri Lanka	35	20	10
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	20
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0
Viet Nam	15	0	15
Other places of birth in Asia	115	25	85
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	67,780	35,725	32,055
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,385	8,265	8,125
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,215	4,320	3,895
Third generation or more¹⁰²	43,180	23,140	20,040
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	14,510	7,195	7,315
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,585	4,390	4,195
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,645	2,040	1,605
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,935	2,345	2,590
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,765	1,445	2,320
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,020	1,305	720
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	140	55	85
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	14,510	7,195	7,315
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	915	570	345
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,930	1,110	1,820
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	390	185	205
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	555	325	230
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,700	5,000	4,705
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	67,780	35,725	32,055
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	19,320	9,685	9,640
South Asian	4,755	2,515	2,235
Chinese	725	335	400
Black	4,685	2,620	2,065
Filipino	5,815	2,615	3,205
Arab	1,285	710	580
Latin American	635	250	385
Southeast Asian	425	160	270
West Asian	215	145	65
Korean	90	40	45
Japanese	35	10	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	200	85	115
Multiple visible minorities	450	200	250
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	48,460	26,045	22,415
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	67,785	35,725	32,055
Canadian	10,745	5,785	4,955
English	11,070	5,870	5,200
Irish	11,120	5,710	5,405
Scottish	8,510	4,385	4,125
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,255	2,670	2,590
German	4,520	2,260	2,260
Chinese	845	375	470
Italian	865	550	315
Indian (India)	2,225	1,180	1,040
Ukrainian	2,485	1,320	1,165
Dutch	1,395	750	645
Polish	1,175	650	530
Québécois	75	40	30
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,485	780	705
Filipino	4,945	2,200	2,745
French Canadian	305	160	145
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,455	1,890	1,570
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,815	985	830
Métis	2,535	1,240	1,295
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,485	770	715
Russian	630	335	295
Norwegian	940	460	480
Welsh	895	420	475
Portuguese	310	125	185
American	590	320	270
Spanish	595	250	345
Swedish	710	355	355
Hungarian	370	175	195
Acadian	545	280	265
Pakistani	960	485	480
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	990	535	455
Jewish	75	45	30
Punjabi	240	120	120
Vietnamese	120	50	70
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	605	340	260
Greek	160	95	65
Jamaican	385	200	190
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,080	530	545
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	805	390	415
Korean	85	35	40
Romanian	305	165	140
Lebanese	580	340	240
Iranian	140	70	75
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	275	140	135
Danish	390	205	190
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	535	280	255
Sikh	75	50	30
Austrian	230	150	85
Belgian	110	45	60
Haitian	15	15	0
Hindu	555	305	255
Mexican	90	35	55
Mennonite	50	30	15
Swiss	75	55	15
Finnish	155	75	75
Sri Lankan	135	70	70
Croatian	165	80	80
Japanese	60	25	35
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	185	105	80
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,490	685	810
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	235	120	110
Muslim	145	90	55
Egyptian	80	60	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	85	90
Tamil	65	25	40
Icelandic	160	70	90
Colombian	115	65	50
Moroccan	145	90	60
Czech	170	65	105
Syrian	65	30	35
Guyanese	65	40	25
Afghan	65	45	20
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	220	125	90
Serbian	45	40	10
Ojibway	90	40	50
Newfoundlander	1,460	815	640
Hong Konger	15	15	10
Ontarian	70	45	25
Persian	75	40	35
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	55	45
Turkish	80	55	25
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	465	245	220
Bangladeshi	130	60	70
Algerian	30	30	0
Brazilian	40	10	25
Nigerian	370	210	165
Armenian	25	0	15
Slovak	30	0	25
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	60	65
Somali	570	365	200
Taiwanese	35	15	25
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	30	15	15
African Caribbean	25	0	25
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	65	15	45
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	110	75	35
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	100	50	55
Algonquin	35	10	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	10	25
Lithuanian	40	20	20
South African	185	80	105
Australian	70	35	40
Palestinian	45	25	20
Chilean	30	10	20
Congolese	60	45	20
Nova Scotian	120	55	65
Ethiopian	435	280	155
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	90	30	60
Peruvian	45	25	20
Yoruba	235	105	125
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	10
Berber	35	20	15
Albanian	35	15	20
Maltese	30	10	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	15
New Brunswicker	105	70	45
Gujarati	195	100	100
Eritrean	210	125	90
African Canadian	60	25	35
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	20	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	50	20	30
Bulgarian	40	20	15
Albertan	485	260	225
Ghanaian	65	35	30
Barbadian	15	0	10
African American	30	15	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	15
Tunisian	25	10	15
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	0
Cuban	20	15	0
Bosnian	15	0	10
Venezuelan	90	35	60
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	65	35	35
Latvian	10	0	0
Bengali	65	40	25
Cameroonian	100	55	45
Guatemalan	15	15	0
Indonesian	80	35	40
Laotian	15	0	10
Ilocano	200	105	100
Northern Irish	40	15	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	45	30	25
Ecuadorian	25	10	20
Franco Ontarian	20	10	0
Argentinian	10	0	10
Estonian	10	0	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	75	30	35
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	30	25
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	95	15	80
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	35	20	15
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	80	30	50
Byelorussian	15	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	235	100	135
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	55	35	25
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10
New Zealander	25	0	15
Sudanese	105	65	35
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	10	15
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	60	35	25
Buddhist	40	20	15
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	65	20	35
Ivorian	30	15	15
Saulteaux	10	0	10
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	15	10	0
Tigrinya	155	105	45
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	30	0	25
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	20	0	15
Manitoban	10	0	10
Cape Bretoner	65	35	30
Rwandan	50	30	15
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	60	35	25
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	30	20	15
Mayan	10	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	445	255	185
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	20	20	0
Malay	35	10	25
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	195	120	80
Burmese	15	0	10
Mongolian	15	10	10
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	20	15	0
Oromo	90	45	50
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	40	10	35
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	20	0	10
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	50	35	20
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	105	45	65
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	30	20	10
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	65	25	45
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	40	20	25
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	75	30	40
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	67,780	35,725	32,055
Buddhist	270	95	170
Christian	36,100	18,005	18,090
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,515	3,215	3,295
Anabaptist	45	20	20
Anglican	3,315	1,690	1,630
Baptist	805	350	455
Catholic	16,950	8,445	8,510
Christian Orthodox	935	500	435
Jehovah's Witness	140	70	70
Latter Day Saints	205	95	115
Lutheran	195	90	100
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	745	385	355
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,575	1,215	1,360
Presbyterian	215	105	110
Reformed	195	120	80
United Church	1,815	960	855
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,460	750	705
Hindu	2,025	1,090	935
Jewish	20	10	10
Muslim	4,295	2,370	1,925
Sikh	305	180	130
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40	20	15
Other religions and spiritual traditions	365	185	185
No religion and secular perspectives	24,380	13,775	10,600
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	66,895	35,245	31,650
Non-movers	57,290	30,230	27,060
Movers	9,600	5,010	4,585
Non-migrants	7,165	3,815	3,355
Migrants	2,435	1,200	1,230
Internal migrants	1,975	990	990
Intraprovincial migrants	1,220	595	620
Interprovincial migrants	760	395	370
External migrants	455	215	245
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	62,260	32,845	29,415
Non-movers	33,545	17,845	15,700
Movers	28,715	15,000	13,715
Non-migrants	15,825	8,395	7,425
Migrants	12,895	6,605	6,285
Internal migrants	10,165	5,250	4,920
Intraprovincial migrants	4,870	2,445	2,425
Interprovincial migrants	5,295	2,805	2,490
External migrants	2,725	1,355	1,370
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,195	27,720	24,475
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,690	3,790	2,900
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	45,505	23,930	21,575
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,225	22,300	19,935
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,480	2,065	1,420
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	38,745	20,230	18,515
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,195	27,715	24,480
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,845	3,155	2,690
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,945	8,075	7,875
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,405	16,495	13,915
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,060	12,085	7,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,580	6,225	1,355
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,065	1,380	690
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,515	4,850	665
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,800	5,145	5,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,680	705	975
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,345	4,405	5,935
Bachelor's degree	7,495	3,050	4,445
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	635	280	355
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	75	110
Master's degree	1,875	920	955
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	85	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,230	22,295	19,930
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,790	1,540	1,245
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,815	5,995	5,815
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,625	14,760	12,870
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,070	10,775	7,295
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,735	5,515	1,225
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,820	1,190	630
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,915	4,325	595
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,825	4,640	5,185
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,510	620	885
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,555	3,985	5,575
Bachelor's degree	6,870	2,715	4,155
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	575	250	330
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	70	115
Master's degree	1,780	865	910
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	85	65
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,195	27,715	24,480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,790	11,225	10,565
Education	1,585	310	1,275
13. Education	1,585	310	1,275
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	460	170	295
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	65	15
50. Visual and performing arts	380	100	280
Humanities	875	325	545
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	0	70
23. English language and literature/letters	185	50	135
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	315	90	220
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	30	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	100	30
54. History	70	35	35
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,955	530	1,425
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	85	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	440	25	420
22. Legal professions and studies	210	60	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	35
42. Psychology	360	60	305
45. Social sciences	660	290	360
Business, management and public administration	5,730	1,575	4,155
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	375	80	295
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,360	1,495	3,860
Physical and life sciences and technologies	840	380	455
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	250	65	185
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235	85	150
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10
40. Physical sciences	275	175	105
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	50	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	975	525	440
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	855	470	385
25. Library science	35	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	45	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,820	10,230	1,585
04. Architecture and related services	105	60	50
14. Engineering	2,245	1,775	470
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,150	2,535	620
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,485	2,290	200
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,720	2,555	165
48. Precision production	1,110	1,025	85
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	600	320	280
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	245	135	115
03. Natural resources and conservation	350	185	170
Health and related fields	3,220	625	2,600
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	100	75
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,990	485	2,500
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	35	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,330	1,495	835
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	770	170	600
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	415	280	135
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,145	1,040	100
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	42,225	22,300	19,930
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,605	7,545	7,065
Education	1,450	275	1,175
13. Education	1,450	275	1,175
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	430	150	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	55	15
50. Visual and performing arts	360	95	260
Humanities	770	280	495
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	0	60
23. English language and literature/letters	175	50	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	70	190
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	25	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	75	30
54. History	75	35	40
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,790	455	1,335
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	205	80	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	395	25	375
22. Legal professions and studies	180	45	130
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	35
42. Psychology	330	40	300
45. Social sciences	605	260	345
Business, management and public administration	5,255	1,400	3,850
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	345	75	270
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,905	1,325	3,580
Physical and life sciences and technologies	740	310	430
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	45	170
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	60	140
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10
40. Physical sciences	250	150	105
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	40	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	920	490	430
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	820	440	380
25. Library science	30	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,645	9,150	1,495
04. Architecture and related services	105	50	50
14. Engineering	2,060	1,625	435
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,825	2,235	590
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,240	2,060	180
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,450	2,290	160
48. Precision production	975	895	85
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	555	295	260
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	220	120	100
03. Natural resources and conservation	340	180	160
Health and related fields	2,955	585	2,365
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	160	80	75
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,740	470	2,265
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	35	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,110	1,360	755
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	680	140	540
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	385	260	125
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,045	950	90
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	42,225	22,300	19,930
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,605	7,545	7,065
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,620	14,755	12,865
Location of study inside Canada	21,390	11,910	9,480
Same as province or territory of residence	10,470	6,315	4,155
Different than province or territory of residence	10,920	5,595	5,325
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,230	2,845	3,385
Americas	650	310	340
United States of America	340	185	155
Mexico	15	0	10
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	50	30	25
Brazil	30	10	20
Colombia	50	20	30
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	95	40	55
Other locations of study in Americas	55	15	35
Europe	605	345	260
Belgium	10	0	0
France	25	20	0
Germany	35	10	25
Netherlands	10	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	20	15	10
Poland	25	10	15
Romania	30	15	15
Russian Federation	30	15	15
Ukraine	65	25	40
Ireland⁹⁶	25	25	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	240	155	85
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	45	30
Africa	770	435	335
Nigeria	190	95	90
Algeria	15	0	10
Morocco	40	35	0
Tunisia	15	10	10
Egypt	35	20	20
South Africa, Republic of	130	75	55
Other locations of study in Africa	350	200	150
Asia	4,150	1,730	2,420
Iran⁸⁸	25	20	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	50	10	40
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	145	70	80
Taiwan	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Japan	10	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25
Philippines	2,325	870	1,460
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	40	15	20
Sri Lanka	40	25	10
India	1,060	540	525
Pakistan	275	140	130
Other locations of study in Asia	90	15	75
Oceania	55	25	30
Australia	25	10	15
New Zealand	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	20	15	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	52,195	27,715	24,480
In the labour force	40,505	23,440	17,070
Employed	36,985	21,795	15,190
Unemployed	3,520	1,640	1,875
Not in the labour force	11,690	4,275	7,410
Participation rate	77.6	84.6	69.7
Employment rate	70.9	78.6	62.1
Unemployment rate	8.7	7.0	11.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	52,195	27,715	24,480
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,810	4,895	7,915
Worked	39,385	22,825	16,565
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	21,755	13,695	8,065
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	17,630	9,130	8,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.9	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	40,505	23,440	17,065
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	830	360	470
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	39,675	23,075	16,595
Employee	37,410	21,900	15,510
Permanent position	32,550	19,600	12,950
Temporary position	4,860	2,295	2,565
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,650	875	780
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,210	1,425	1,785
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,260	1,175	1,085
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	40,505	23,440	17,065
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	830	360	470
All occupations¹⁹¹	39,675	23,075	16,595
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	190	135	60
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,225	1,305	3,920
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,415	2,615	800
3 Health occupations	1,480	205	1,270
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,690	1,010	2,680
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	375	115	265
6 Sales and service occupations	8,600	3,265	5,335
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,660	10,965	1,695
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,575	1,275	295
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,465	2,185	285
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	40,505	23,440	17,065
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	830	360	470
All industries¹⁹¹	39,675	23,075	16,595
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	85	45	40
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	12,155	9,595	2,560
22 Utilities	225	170	50
23 Construction	3,210	2,535	680
31-33 Manufacturing	815	635	185
41 Wholesale trade	1,200	840	355
44-45 Retail trade	3,435	1,345	2,090
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,000	1,490	510
51 Information and cultural industries	185	100	85
52 Finance and insurance	510	140	370
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	905	515	395
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,405	725	680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	30	45
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,460	1,270	1,190
61 Educational services	2,190	390	1,800
62 Health care and social assistance	2,630	275	2,355
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	540	215	330
72 Accommodation and food services	2,095	880	1,215
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,685	875	810
91 Public administration	1,865	1,005	860
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	42,495	24,285	18,215
English	41,700	23,930	17,775
French	70	10	60
Non-official language	35	20	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	15
English and French	270	105	170
English and non-official language(s)	410	210	200
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	42,495	24,285	18,215
Single responses	42,430	24,270	18,160
Official languages	42,335	24,205	18,135
English	42,240	24,190	18,050
French	95	10	85
Non-official languages	90	60	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	60	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	15	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	30	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	20	10
Indo-Aryan languages	30	20	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	70	15	55
English and French	45	10	35
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	42,495	24,285	18,215
None	41,870	23,980	17,895
English	80	45	35
French	195	95	105
Non-official language	305	145	160
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	15
Non-Indigenous	285	140	150
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	36,985	21,795	15,190
Worked at home	4,370	1,760	2,610
Worked outside Canada	20	20	0
No fixed workplace address	7,670	5,665	2,010
Usual place of work	24,920	14,355	10,565
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	24,920	14,355	10,565
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,125	13,855	10,270
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	420	270	150
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	285	195	90
Commute to a different province or territory	95	35	55
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	32,595	20,015	12,575
Car, truck or van	21,995	12,810	9,185
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,855	11,695	8,160
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,145	1,115	1,030
Public transit	8,995	6,560	2,440
Walked	980	345	630
Bicycle	90	55	40
Other method	530	250	280
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	32,595	20,015	12,575
Less than 15 minutes	8,565	3,420	5,145
15 to 29 minutes	8,295	4,620	3,675
30 to 44 minutes	6,990	5,290	1,705
45 to 59 minutes	4,300	3,230	1,070
60 minutes and over	4,440	3,460	985
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	32,595	20,015	12,575
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,995	4,065	935
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,055	7,200	2,855
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,965	2,875	3,095
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,965	1,425	2,540
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,875	720	1,150
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,740	3,735	2,005
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,150	9,325	8,830
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,585	810	775
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,565	8,520	8,050
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,240	6,285	5,955
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,085	560	520
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	530	265	265
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550	295	255
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,155	5,730	5,430

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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