Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	FrederictonMore information: New Brunswick [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	64,614	...	...
Population, 2016¹	61,014^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	30,406	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	28,989	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	721.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	89.60	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	64,605	31,040	33,565
0 to 14 years	9,335	4,750	4,585
0 to 4 years	2,780	1,440	1,335
5 to 9 years	3,320	1,685	1,635
10 to 14 years	3,235	1,620	1,615
15 to 64 years	42,760	20,985	21,775
15 to 19 years	3,495	1,755	1,735
20 to 24 years	5,690	2,875	2,815
25 to 29 years	5,070	2,615	2,455
30 to 34 years	4,345	2,165	2,180
35 to 39 years	4,355	2,155	2,200
40 to 44 years	4,115	2,010	2,105
45 to 49 years	3,955	1,860	2,100
50 to 54 years	3,790	1,815	1,975
55 to 59 years	4,075	1,915	2,160
60 to 64 years	3,865	1,820	2,045
65 years and over	12,505	5,305	7,200
65 to 69 years	3,615	1,600	2,015
70 to 74 years	3,250	1,445	1,805
75 to 79 years	2,300	990	1,310
80 to 84 years	1,695	715	985
85 years and over	1,645	565	1,080
85 to 89 years	990	360	625
90 to 94 years	500	155	345
95 to 99 years	140	40	95
100 years and over	15	5	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	15.3	13.7
15 to 64 years	66.2	67.6	64.9
65 years and over	19.4	17.1	21.5
85 years and over	2.5	1.8	3.2
Average age of the population	41.6	40.1	43.0
Median age of the population	40.0	38.4	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	28,985	...	...
Single-detached house	12,695	...	...
Semi-detached house	750	...	...
Row house	1,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,415	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,615	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	420	...	...
Other single-attached house	170	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,705	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	28,990	...	...
1 person	9,765	...	...
2 persons	10,805	...	...
3 persons	3,945	...	...
4 persons	3,020	...	...
5 or more persons	1,445	...	...
Number of persons in private households	63,300	30,515	32,785
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	55,265	26,290	28,980
Married or living common-law	29,445	14,720	14,725
Married	22,880	11,435	11,440
Living common-law	6,570	3,280	3,285
Living common law - Never married	4,985	2,515	2,475
Living common law - Separated	325	170	155
Living common law - Divorced	1,110	545	570
Living common law - Widowed	145	50	90
Not married and not living common-law	25,820	11,570	14,250
Not married and not living common law - Never married	17,210	9,005	8,205
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,750	710	1,040
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,615	1,245	2,370
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,245	610	2,640
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,380	...	...
2 persons	10,100	...	...
3 persons	3,435	...	...
4 persons	2,770	...	...
5 or more persons	1,075	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,385	...	...
Total couple families	14,440	...	...
Married couples	11,160	...	...
With children⁶	5,275	...	...
Without children	5,880	...	...
Common-law couples	3,280	...	...
With children⁶	995	...	...
Without children	2,290	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,945	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,335	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	605	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	63,300	30,515	32,785
Total - Persons in census families	47,435	23,245	24,190
Married spouses or common-law partners	28,875	14,425	14,455
Parents in one-parent families	2,945	605	2,340
Children⁶	15,610	8,215	7,395
In a two-parent family	11,320	5,855	5,470
In a one-parent family	4,290	2,365	1,930
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,865	7,265	8,595
Living alone	9,770	3,970	5,800
Living with other relatives⁷	1,230	515	710
Living with non-relatives only	4,870	2,780	2,085
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	28,990	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	15,945	...	...
Couple-family households	13,470	...	...
With children⁶	5,860	...	...
Without children	7,605	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,475	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	370	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	705	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,100	...	...
One-person households	9,765	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	53,975	25,770	28,205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,160	24,850	27,310
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,000	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,175	24,865	27,315
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,450	23,040	24,410
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,000	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,190	19,290	18,900
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,400	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,835	17,880	22,960
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,600	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,100	2,965	3,130
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,825	6,510	7,320
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	54,085	25,760	28,325
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,330	24,845	27,485
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,760	56,800	45,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,350	24,865	27,485
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,280	46,560	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,630	23,015	24,610
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,520	53,450	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,345	19,340	19,005
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,760	50,160	39,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,800	17,740	23,055
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,820	10,200	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,830	2,845	2,985
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,430	6,350	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,755	6,520	7,235
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,460	8,300	8,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	54,085	25,765	28,325
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,555	10,565	8,985
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	62,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,300	72,100	61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,790	6,710	8,080
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,000	16,400	13,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,820	25,480	20,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	87.2	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.6	68.8	60.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.6	12.8	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.4	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.8	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	53,975	25,770	28,210
Without total income	1,820	920	900
With total income	52,160	24,850	27,310
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,080	1,830	2,250
$10,000 to $19,999	5,965	2,375	3,590
$20,000 to $29,999	8,540	3,655	4,885
$30,000 to $39,999	7,380	3,310	4,070
$40,000 to $49,999	6,510	2,895	3,610
$50,000 to $59,999	4,735	2,195	2,535
$60,000 to $69,999	3,750	2,020	1,730
$70,000 to $79,999	2,890	1,515	1,370
$80,000 to $89,999	2,280	1,215	1,065
$90,000 to $99,999	1,580	885	700
$100,000 and over	4,455	2,945	1,515
$100,000 to $149,999	3,080	1,970	1,105
$150,000 and over	1,380	970	405
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	53,975	25,770	28,210
Without after-tax income	1,800	905	895
With after-tax income	52,175	24,860	27,315
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,320	1,875	2,440
$10,000 to $19,999	6,220	2,495	3,730
$20,000 to $29,999	10,095	4,470	5,630
$30,000 to $39,999	8,905	3,970	4,940
$40,000 to $49,999	7,095	3,290	3,805
$50,000 to $59,999	5,100	2,580	2,520
$60,000 to $69,999	3,670	1,975	1,695
$70,000 to $79,999	2,395	1,305	1,090
$80,000 to $89,999	1,390	860	525
$90,000 to $99,999	895	605	285
$100,000 and over	2,080	1,430	650
$100,000 to $124,999	1,090	725	365
$125,000 and over	995	710	285
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	53,975	25,770	28,210
Without employment income	15,785	6,480	9,310
With employment income	38,190	19,290	18,900
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,790	2,235	2,555
$5,000 to $9,999	3,495	1,570	1,930
$10,000 to $19,999	5,000	2,320	2,680
$20,000 to $29,999	4,015	1,990	2,030
$30,000 to $39,999	3,810	1,800	2,010
$40,000 to $49,999	3,690	1,735	1,955
$50,000 to $59,999	2,825	1,440	1,390
$60,000 to $69,999	2,550	1,420	1,135
$70,000 to $79,999	1,970	1,085	885
$80,000 to $89,999	1,650	855	790
$90,000 to $99,999	1,170	650	515
$100,000 and over	3,210	2,185	1,020
$100,000 to $124,999	1,535	995	535
$125,000 and over	1,675	1,190	485
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	53,975	25,770	28,205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,995	24,245	26,750
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,020	24,250	26,770
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,200	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,725	22,645	24,080
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,600	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,890	19,060	18,830
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,600	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,885	15,145	20,745
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,080	6,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,755	2,335	2,420
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,400	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	54,085	25,760	28,325
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,940	24,205	26,735
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,720	54,350	41,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,970	24,215	26,760
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,680	44,440	35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,725	22,595	24,125
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,880	53,350	38,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,855	19,080	18,780
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,480	50,080	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,785	15,125	20,660
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,030	7,340	8,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,615	2,265	2,355
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,900	6,560	7,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	54,085	25,765	28,325
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,370	10,480	8,890
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	57,600	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,900	67,900	57,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,570	6,165	7,405
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	20,800	16,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,160	30,600	24,300
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2	91.6	84.2
Employment income (%)	69.2	72.6	65.4
Government transfers (%)	11.8	8.4	15.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	28,985	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,765	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	19,220	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	29,025	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,755	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	19,270	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	28,985	...	...
Under $5,000	270	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	345	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	500	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,210	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,115	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,185	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,235	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,310	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,360	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,485	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,365	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,145	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,010	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,640	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,365	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,065	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,085	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,380	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,840	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	28,985	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	350	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	470	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	525	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,355	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,345	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,380	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,550	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,615	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,995	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,655	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,420	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,000	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,635	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,895	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,830	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,820	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,240	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,480	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,805	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,310	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,825	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,635	6,750	7,890
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	36,000	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	32,800	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,530	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,760	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,390	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,830	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,590	6,770	7,825
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,360	44,080	44,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,840	37,360	38,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	63,300	30,510	32,785
0 to 17 years	11,245	5,730	5,515
0 to 5 years	3,425	1,775	1,650
18 to 64 years	40,485	19,780	20,700
65 years and over	11,570	5,005	6,570
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,455	3,840	4,620
0 to 17 years	1,935	1,030	905
0 to 5 years	620	330	290
18 to 64 years	4,965	2,290	2,670
65 years and over	1,555	515	1,035
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.4	12.6	14.1
0 to 17 years (%)	17.2	18.0	16.5
0 to 5 years (%)	18.1	18.6	17.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.3	11.6	12.9
65 years and over (%)	13.4	10.4	15.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	62,670	30,200	32,475
0 to 17 years	11,095	5,645	5,445
0 to 5 years	3,380	1,755	1,620
18 to 64 years	40,090	19,590	20,505
65 years and over	11,485	4,965	6,525
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,795	1,890	1,900
0 to 17 years	640	340	295
0 to 5 years	190	105	85
18 to 64 years	2,965	1,480	1,480
65 years and over	195	70	130
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.1	6.3	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7	6.0	5.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6	6.0	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4	7.6	7.2
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.4	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	63,300	30,515	32,785
In bottom half of the distribution	36,175	17,165	19,005
In bottom decile	8,305	3,920	4,385
In second decile	7,495	3,525	3,965
In third decile	7,355	3,445	3,915
In fourth decile	6,755	3,255	3,505
In fifth decile	6,265	3,030	3,235
In top half of the distribution	27,125	13,345	13,785
In sixth decile	6,080	2,950	3,130
In seventh decile	5,785	2,810	2,975
In eighth decile	5,695	2,785	2,915
In ninth decile	5,075	2,545	2,535
In top decile	4,490	2,265	2,225
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	63,300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.327	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.432	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.286	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	63,740	30,690	33,055
English only	47,825	23,650	24,180
French only	210	90	125
English and French	15,365	6,780	8,585
Neither English nor French	345	175	175
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	63,740	30,690	33,055
English	58,795	28,475	30,320
French	4,070	1,795	2,270
English and French	555	260	290
Neither English nor French	325	155	165
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	63,740	30,690	33,055
Single responses	61,835	29,780	32,055
Official languages	55,280	26,440	28,840
English	51,320	24,695	26,625
French	3,955	1,745	2,215
Non-official languages	6,560	3,340	3,215
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	45	40
Algonquian languages	85	40	35
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	80	40	35
Mi'kmaq	25	10	15
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	55	30	25
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,475	3,300	3,175
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,380	730	650
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,370	720	650
Amharic	25	15	10
Arabic	1,280	670	605
Aramaic languages	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	20	25
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	10	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	75	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5
Vietnamese	155	75	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	365	160	210
Bikol	5	5	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Cebuano	45	15	30
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5
Ilocano	0	5	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290	125	165
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Creole languages	15	5	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	0	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Dravidian languages	155	95	55
Kannada	15	10	5
Malayalam	25	15	10
Tamil	45	30	20
Telugu	60	40	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,900	1,485	1,415
Albanian	20	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	625	310	315
Baltic languages	20	5	10
Latvian	5	0	0
Lithuanian	15	5	10
Slavic languages	610	300	305
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5
Czech	15	10	5
Macedonian	5	0	5
Polish	45	20	25
Russian	355	185	170
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	115	55	60
Bosnian	35	15	20
Croatian	30	15	10
Serbian	50	20	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	25	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	305	140	170
Frisian	5	0	5
High German languages	175	80	100
German	170	75	95
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	55	55
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	105	50	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	5	15
Danish	10	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0
Swedish	5	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,255	715	540
Indo-Aryan languages	895	520	370
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	165	100	65
Gujarati	45	35	15
Hindi	195	110	80
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	5
Marathi	30	15	10
Nepali	75	40	35
Oriya languages	5	5	0
Odia	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	150	100
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5
Urdu	105	60	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	365	190	175
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	40	20	25
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	15
Persian languages	300	165	135
Dari	5	0	5
Iranian Persian	275	150	130
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	670	310	360
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	30	10	20
Portuguese	180	85	90
Romanian	45	20	25
Spanish	415	190	225
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	25	5	20
Korean	205	115	95
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	270	130	135
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	5	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	20	35
Shona	10	5	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	80	35	40
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	15	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	15
American Sign Language	20	10	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	880	450	430
Chinese languages	860	435	425
Hakka	5	5	0
Mandarin	715	365	350
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5
Yue (Cantonese)	90	50	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	20	5	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	40	20	15
Azerbaijani	5	5	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	25	10	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	25	25
Estonian	5	5	0
Finnish	10	0	5
Hungarian	35	15	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Multiple responses	1,905	910	995
English and French	890	395	495
English and non-official language(s)	845	425	425
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	25	15
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	35
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	63,740	30,690	33,055
English	52,380	25,205	27,175
French	1,475	660	815
Non-official language	1,905	985	920
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	1,900	985	915
English and French	2,805	1,230	1,570
English and non-official language(s)	4,510	2,295	2,220
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	460	220	240
Multiple non-official languages	150	75	75
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	63,740	30,690	33,055
Single responses	62,050	29,815	32,230
Official languages	58,090	27,795	30,300
English	56,080	26,905	29,175
French	2,010	880	1,125
Non-official languages	3,960	2,025	1,935
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10
Algonquian languages	15	5	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	5	10
Mi'kmaq	5	0	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,945	2,020	1,930
Afro-Asiatic languages	960	485	475
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	950	485	465
Amharic	15	5	10
Arabic	895	450	445
Aramaic languages	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	60	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	125	60	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	180	80	100
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	75	90
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	65	40	25
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	25	15	15
Telugu	30	25	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,650	865	785
Albanian	5	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	390	205	185
Baltic languages	5	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5
Slavic languages	385	200	185
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	5
Russian	260	140	115
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	70	35	35
Bosnian	20	5	15
Croatian	10	5	10
Serbian	35	20	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	20	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	50	20	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	35	15	20
German	35	15	25
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	5
Afrikaans	5	0	0
Dutch	10	5	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	810	440	370
Indo-Aryan languages	545	315	230
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	90	55	40
Gujarati	40	25	15
Hindi	130	75	55
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	50	30	20
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	90	65
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5
Urdu	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	265	125	140
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	35	15	20
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	20	5	10
Persian languages	215	105	105
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	195	100	95
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	395	195	200
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5
Portuguese	125	65	60
Romanian	25	15	15
Spanish	235	115	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0
Korean	165	85	70
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	110	50	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	10
Shona	5	5	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	55	25	35
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	15	10
American Sign Language	25	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	620	315	310
Chinese languages	610	305	305
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	545	275	270
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,690	875	820
English and French	510	250	260
English and non-official language(s)	1,080	570	510
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	63,740	30,690	33,055
None	57,160	27,575	29,580
English	2,075	1,020	1,055
French	1,900	825	1,075
Non-official language	1,840	885	955
Indigenous³⁹	70	35	35
Non-Indigenous	1,765	850	915
English and French	90	40	50
English and non-official language(s)	250	135	120
French and non-official language(s)	190	90	100
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	220	115	110
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	63,455	30,580	32,875
Official languages	63,080	30,410	32,670
English	62,930	30,350	32,570
French	15,315	6,845	8,465
Non-official languages	9,260	4,580	4,680
Indigenous languages³⁹	205	120	85
Algonquian languages	205	120	85
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	195	115	80
Mi'kmaq	60	30	30
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	140	85	55
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,070	4,465	4,605
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,990	1,015	975
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	65	30	30
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	30	15	15
Somali	35	25	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,920	980	940
Amharic	60	25	35
Arabic	1,710	865	845
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	135	75	60
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	30	15	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	105	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	180	100	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	610	270	335
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	55	20	35
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	45	30	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	30	30	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	510	210	305
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Creole languages	50	35	15
Haitian Creole	10	10	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	15	10	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0
Dravidian languages	250	130	120
Kannada	35	20	15
Malayalam	60	25	35
Tamil	145	75	70
Telugu	65	45	25
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,460	2,165	2,300
Albanian	25	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	750	360	390
Baltic languages	30	15	15
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	15	15
Slavic languages	730	340	390
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	55	20	30
Russian	490	240	250
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	120	55	70
Bosnian	55	20	35
Croatian	50	25	30
Serbian	60	25	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	205	85	120
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	0	20
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	0	20
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	650	305	340
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	485	230	250
German	480	230	245
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	55	65
Afrikaans	35	15	20
Dutch	95	45	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	55	25	30
Danish	20	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	0
Swedish	25	15	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	30	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,625	890	735
Indo-Aryan languages	1,270	685	590
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	225	120	105
Gujarati	120	70	55
Hindi	695	380	320
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	100	50	45
Nepali	125	60	65
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	330	180	150
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10
Urdu	235	130	110
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
Iranian languages	360	215	145
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	325	200	125
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	310	185	125
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	15	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,535	635	900
Catalan	10	10	0
Italian	210	85	120
Portuguese	220	125	95
Romanian	60	25	35
Spanish	1,230	485	750
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	85	40	45
Korean	225	115	120
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	500	260	240
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	25	20
Lingala	50	15	30
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	70	55
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	300	160	140
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	85	40	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	115	20	95
American Sign Language	110	20	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,005	525	480
Chinese languages	995	520	480
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	905	480	425
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	50	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	80	55	30
Azerbaijani	10	10	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	75	45	30
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	70	40	35
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	25	10	15
Hungarian	40	25	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	63,455	30,580	32,875
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,845	1,295	1,550
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,700	1,235	1,475
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,090	930	1,155
Métis	505	245	260
Inuk (Inuit)	110	55	55
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	40	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	25	60
Non-Indigenous identity	60,605	29,280	31,325
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	63,455	30,580	32,875
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,620	730	890
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	61,835	29,845	31,985
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	29,025	...	...
Owner	16,640	...	...
Renter	12,165	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	29,025	...	...
Condominium	1,775	...	...
Not condominium	27,245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	29,025	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...
1 bedroom	3,590	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,605	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,660	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,020	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	29,025	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,930	...	...
5 rooms	5,075	...	...
6 rooms	4,065	...	...
7 rooms	2,870	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,085	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	29,025	...	...
One person or fewer per room	28,610	...	...
More than one person per room	410	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	29,025	...	...
Suitable	27,990	...	...
Not suitable	1,040	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	29,025	...	...
1960 or before	5,475	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,065	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,150	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,975	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,260	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,370	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,100	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,630	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	29,025	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	27,125	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,900	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	29,025	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,510	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,540	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	970	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	29,025	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,265	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,840	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,725	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,590	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,815	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,325	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,450	...	...
85 years and over	1,005	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	28,655	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	23,175	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,480	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,970	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	29,025	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,755	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,925	...	...
Not suitable only	800	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,380	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	130	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	405	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
Acceptable housing	21,270	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	28,140	...	...
In core need	2,540	...	...
Not in core need	25,600	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,620	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	269,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,155	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,075	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	215	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	34	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	63,455	30,580	32,880
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,390	630	755
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,385	625	755
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,265	565	700
Métis single ancestry	50	20	35
Inuit single ancestry	65	35	30
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,485	1,120	1,370
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,410	1,055	1,355
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,915	840	1,070
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	440	190	250
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	25	30
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	60	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	45	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	59,585	28,830	30,755
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	63,455	30,580	32,875
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	57,565	27,610	29,955
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,885	4,985	4,900
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	47,675	22,620	25,055
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,895	2,970	2,920
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	63,455	30,580	32,875
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	54,080	25,935	28,145
Immigrants⁸¹	7,630	3,705	3,930
Before 1980	1,100	455	650
1980 to 1990	300	145	155
1991 to 2000	585	260	330
2001 to 2010	1,260	645	615
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,385	2,195	2,185
2011 to 2015	965	490	475
2016 to 2021	3,415	1,700	1,710
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,740	940	805
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,635	3,705	3,930
Under 5 years	830	435	400
5 to 14 years	1,640	820	820
15 to 24 years	1,015	410	605
25 to 44 years	3,590	1,720	1,870
45 years and over	550	325	230
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,635	3,705	3,930
Americas	910	410	505
Brazil	30	20	15
Colombia	35	20	20
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	15	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	50	15	35
Mexico	30	10	20
Peru	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10
United States of America	570	265	305
Other places of birth in Americas	145	65	85
Europe	1,680	765	910
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	20	40
Croatia	20	10	0
France	50	25	30
Germany	145	60	85
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	15	0	10
Italy	30	0	20
Netherlands	45	30	15
Poland	25	10	20
Portugal	25	15	10
Romania	50	15	35
Russian Federation	120	65	55
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10
Ukraine	165	70	95
United Kingdom⁸⁷	725	340	380
Other places of birth in Europe	185	80	100
Africa	1,175	635	545
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	170	70	100
Egypt	295	175	125
Eritrea	25	15	10
Ethiopia	40	20	20
Morocco	25	10	10
Nigeria	160	75	80
Somalia	20	15	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	20
Other places of birth in Africa	380	225	160
Asia	3,840	1,880	1,955
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	230	135	90
Iraq	65	30	35
Lebanon	205	100	105
Syria⁸⁹	495	240	250
Turkey	50	25	25
China⁹⁰	625	320	300
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	15	25
Korea, South⁹²	170	80	90
Taiwan	15	0	10
Philippines	495	205	290
Viet Nam	140	80	60
Bangladesh	160	95	60
India	430	230	200
Pakistan	160	90	75
Sri Lanka	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	550	225	320
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,415	1,705	1,710
Americas	220	105	115
Brazil	25	15	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	10	10
Mexico	15	0	15
United States of America	60	35	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15
Other places of birth in Americas	70	40	30
Europe	310	175	140
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	95	50	50
Ukraine	105	50	55
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	30	15
Other places of birth in Europe	45	25	15
Africa	795	400	390
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	60	35	25
Cameroon	10	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	125	35	95
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	240	135	105
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	150	70	75
Somalia	10	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	35	20	10
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	105	65	40
Asia	2,080	1,020	1,065
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	85	50	35
China⁹⁰	245	125	120
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	275	155	115
Iran⁸⁸	90	50	40
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	60	25	35
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	20	15	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15
Lebanon	65	25	40
Nepal	60	25	35
Pakistan	100	50	50
Philippines	300	135	170
Saudi Arabia	65	35	35
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	475	230	245
Turkey	30	15	15
United Arab Emirates	70	15	55
Viet Nam	60	45	15
Other places of birth in Asia	40	15	25
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0
Australia	10	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	63,455	30,580	32,875
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,100	5,005	5,100
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,820	2,865	2,965
Third generation or more¹⁰²	47,530	22,715	24,815
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,530	3,250	3,285
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,385	2,280	2,105
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,635	1,115	525
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,750	1,170	1,580
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	870	305	565
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,265	655	615
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,530	3,250	3,285
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	50	20
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	760	380	380
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	345	170	180
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	505	290	215
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	0	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,830	2,355	2,470
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	63,455	30,580	32,875
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,470	4,285	4,185
South Asian	1,720	900	820
Chinese	1,095	555	535
Black	1,750	855	895
Filipino	585	250	330
Arab	1,535	790	750
Latin American	515	250	265
Southeast Asian	315	160	155
West Asian	430	230	200
Korean	225	120	110
Japanese	45	15	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95	65	35
Multiple visible minorities	160	95	65
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	54,990	26,295	28,695
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	63,455	30,580	32,875
Canadian	9,845	4,745	5,100
English	15,555	7,285	8,270
Irish	16,750	7,830	8,920
Scottish	15,605	7,375	8,230
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,235	3,960	4,275
German	3,720	1,765	1,960
Chinese	1,165	585	580
Italian	920	435	490
Indian (India)	815	425	390
Ukrainian	755	355	400
Dutch	1,825	860	970
Polish	525	250	275
Québécois	220	140	80
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,350	1,110	1,235
Filipino	630	285	345
French Canadian	680	325	350
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,030	1,465	1,560
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,300	570	735
Métis	550	260	290
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,340	635	705
Russian	430	225	210
Norwegian	420	200	220
Welsh	1,875	815	1,060
Portuguese	225	105	120
American	645	285	360
Spanish	380	200	185
Swedish	325	135	185
Hungarian	220	120	105
Acadian	3,555	1,595	1,960
Pakistani	245	105	145
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	525	250	275
Jewish	370	190	180
Punjabi	90	45	50
Vietnamese	215	100	110
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	375	225	150
Greek	140	70	70
Jamaican	80	35	45
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	130	65	60
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95	30	65
Korean	210	110	100
Romanian	135	55	75
Lebanese	630	340	290
Iranian	285	155	135
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	255	135	125
Danish	550	260	290
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	485	195	290
Sikh	30	15	20
Austrian	175	95	75
Belgian	180	75	110
Haitian	10	0	10
Hindu	95	50	50
Mexican	175	100	75
Mennonite	35	10	25
Swiss	85	30	55
Finnish	110	65	40
Sri Lankan	35	15	20
Croatian	55	30	25
Japanese	60	25	35
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	70	30	40
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	665	320	340
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	275	120	155
Muslim	140	65	75
Egyptian	430	240	190
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	10	25
Tamil	50	25	25
Icelandic	20	20	0
Colombian	85	40	50
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	65	35	30
Syrian	515	240	270
Guyanese	40	15	25
Afghan	20	0	20
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	30	60
Serbian	70	30	40
Ojibway	40	20	20
Newfoundlander	255	105	150
Hong Konger	10	10	0
Ontarian	55	30	25
Persian	90	60	30
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	15	0
Turkish	105	60	45
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	145	80	65
Bangladeshi	165	105	60
Algerian	30	20	15
Brazilian	125	70	55
Nigerian	140	65	80
Armenian	30	15	10
Slovak	15	0	10
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	25	0
Somali	45	30	10
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	50	25	30
Salvadorean	25	15	0
African Caribbean	75	30	45
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	165	65	100
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	0	20
Algonquin	25	15	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	30	20
Lithuanian	65	35	30
South African	80	40	45
Australian	35	20	15
Palestinian	35	25	10
Chilean	10	0	10
Congolese	155	80	85
Nova Scotian	205	105	100
Ethiopian	65	25	40
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	30	20
Peruvian	30	10	20
Yoruba	65	40	25
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	25	10	10
Maltese	35	15	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	55	70
New Brunswicker	1,295	570	725
Gujarati	15	15	0
Eritrean	40	20	20
African Canadian	100	35	65
Israeli	40	25	10
Mohawk	30	20	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	10	15
Bulgarian	10	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	45	15	25
Barbadian	15	10	10
African American	90	50	45
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	20	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	20	15
Cuban	25	10	15
Bosnian	35	10	25
Venezuelan	20	0	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10
Latvian	25	15	10
Bengali	45	20	20
Cameroonian	60	45	15
Guatemalan	40	10	25
Indonesian	35	10	30
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	45	20	25
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	150	70	80
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	30	10	15
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	70	20	50
Kurdish	40	15	25
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100	40	60
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	25	10	10
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	110	60	50
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0
Byelorussian	25	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0
New Zealander	25	15	20
Sudanese	45	30	15
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	30	25	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	20	10	15
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	25	10	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	15
Burundian	70	35	35
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	30	25	0
Rwandan	15	0	15
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	10	0
Mayan	15	15	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	40	25	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	35	15	25
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	30	10	25
United Empire Loyalist	110	50	60
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	40	15	25
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	30	15	10
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	20	10	10
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	135	75	60
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	10	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	25	0	20
Maliseet	525	270	255
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	20	20	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	63,455	30,580	32,875
Buddhist	210	135	70
Christian	32,880	14,605	18,275
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,865	2,305	2,555
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	3,535	1,565	1,970
Baptist	3,890	1,705	2,180
Catholic	12,380	5,515	6,865
Christian Orthodox	325	135	185
Jehovah's Witness	100	40	65
Latter Day Saints	95	50	40
Lutheran	125	55	70
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	545	250	300
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,080	430	650
Presbyterian	610	290	320
Reformed	40	10	35
United Church	3,785	1,615	2,170
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,520	650	865
Hindu	755	395	360
Jewish	150	80	75
Muslim	2,300	1,170	1,125
Sikh	190	80	105
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	50	15	40
Other religions and spiritual traditions	700	260	440
No religion and secular perspectives	26,225	13,845	12,390
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	62,890	30,255	32,635
Non-movers	52,140	24,980	27,160
Movers	10,750	5,275	5,475
Non-migrants	6,945	3,450	3,495
Migrants	3,800	1,830	1,975
Internal migrants	3,175	1,530	1,640
Intraprovincial migrants	1,850	895	950
Interprovincial migrants	1,325	635	695
External migrants	630	295	335
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	60,660	29,115	31,545
Non-movers	31,115	14,770	16,340
Movers	29,550	14,345	15,205
Non-migrants	11,970	5,790	6,185
Migrants	17,580	8,555	9,020
Internal migrants	13,490	6,505	6,990
Intraprovincial migrants	8,470	4,050	4,425
Interprovincial migrants	5,025	2,455	2,565
External migrants	4,090	2,055	2,035
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,085	25,765	28,325
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,165	3,070	3,095
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,925	22,695	25,230
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,430	16,350	17,080
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,910	1,095	810
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,520	15,250	16,270
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,085	25,760	28,325
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,615	2,780	2,835
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,950	7,530	7,420
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,515	15,450	18,070
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,320	5,905	7,420
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,585	1,665	920
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,375	680	705
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,205	985	220
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,720	3,885	5,830
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,020	350	670
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,195	9,550	10,650
Bachelor's degree	13,145	6,015	7,135
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	890	375	515
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	420	210	210
Master's degree	4,695	2,270	2,425
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,040	670	370
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,430	16,350	17,075
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,720	990	730
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,660	4,195	3,460
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,055	11,165	12,885
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,860	4,070	4,790
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,610	1,075	540
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	860	445	415
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	755	630	120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,585	2,755	3,825
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	665	245	425
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,195	7,100	8,095
Bachelor's degree	9,780	4,530	5,250
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	630	260	370
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	355	155	200
Master's degree	3,715	1,730	1,990
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	710	420	285
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,085	25,760	28,325
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,570	10,315	10,255
Education	2,965	750	2,215
13. Education	2,965	750	2,215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,030	400	630
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	70	30
50. Visual and performing arts	930	330	600
Humanities	2,440	1,030	1,415
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	170	40	130
23. English language and literature/letters	545	200	350
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	680	215	470
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	100	45	55
38. Philosophy and religious studies	180	90	90
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	135	60
54. History	490	275	210
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	25	60
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,530	1,560	2,965
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	165	210
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	515	50	465
22. Legal professions and studies	730	275	460
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	50	60
42. Psychology	1,090	200	885
45. Social sciences	1,655	815	845
Business, management and public administration	6,785	2,495	4,290
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	610	145	470
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,155	2,345	3,810
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,580	760	820
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	655	240	410
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	180	165
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	10	55
40. Physical sciences	475	320	150
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	10	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,265	1,610	655
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,935	1,435	495
25. Library science	130	55	75
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	105	80
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,040	4,485	555
04. Architecture and related services	125	80	50
14. Engineering	2,060	1,730	330
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,010	895	115
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	905	870	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	680	650	30
48. Precision production	255	250	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	935	605	335
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	315	150	165
03. Natural resources and conservation	615	455	165
Health and related fields	4,380	965	3,415
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	500	275	230
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,695	600	3,100
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	160	90	70
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,560	790	770
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	950	280	670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	25	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	30	0
43. Security and protective services	300	225	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	245	225	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	33,425	16,350	17,080
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,375	5,185	4,190
Education	1,735	460	1,270
13. Education	1,735	460	1,270
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	740	295	445
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	50	15
50. Visual and performing arts	675	245	425
Humanities	1,705	695	1,010
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	150	35	115
23. English language and literature/letters	400	150	250
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	500	155	345
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	35	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	70	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	65	50
54. History	315	180	135
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	10	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,440	1,105	2,330
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	315	140	175
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	365	30	335
22. Legal professions and studies	570	175	395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	25	45
42. Psychology	840	125	710
45. Social sciences	1,240	605	635
Business, management and public administration	4,955	1,865	3,090
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	445	80	365
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,500	1,785	2,720
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,105	545	560
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	460	175	290
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235	130	110
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	10	35
40. Physical sciences	340	225	115
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,885	1,370	515
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,685	1,270	415
25. Library science	90	40	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	50	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,550	3,090	465
04. Architecture and related services	85	45	35
14. Engineering	1,595	1,315	280
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	725	635	90
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	570	545	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	415	395	25
48. Precision production	165	160	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	655	410	245
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	225	110	115
03. Natural resources and conservation	425	295	130
Health and related fields	3,135	735	2,405
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	340	195	155
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,620	460	2,155
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	75	70
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,145	600	545
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	690	230	465
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0
43. Security and protective services	215	155	60
49. Transportation and materials moving	190	170	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	33,425	16,350	17,080
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,375	5,185	4,190
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	24,055	11,165	12,885
Location of study inside Canada	20,730	9,515	11,215
Same as province or territory of residence	15,505	7,145	8,360
Different than province or territory of residence	5,220	2,370	2,855
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,325	1,650	1,670
Americas	695	350	350
United States of America	430	230	200
Mexico	55	10	40
Cuba	20	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	10	20
Brazil	70	35	35
Colombia	20	10	10
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	10	15
Other locations of study in Americas	50	25	25
Europe	750	390	360
Belgium	10	0	10
France	25	15	10
Germany	40	20	20
Netherlands	20	20	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	10	0	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	20	10	10
Russian Federation	45	20	30
Ukraine	120	65	60
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	325	180	145
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10
Italy	20	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	15	15	0
Other locations of study in Europe	70	40	35
Africa	420	215	205
Nigeria	55	25	30
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	160	85	75
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10
Other locations of study in Africa	155	75	75
Asia	1,405	680	730
Iran⁸⁸	95	50	45
Iraq	15	10	0
Israel	30	15	15
Lebanon	30	10	20
Syria⁸⁹	60	30	30
Turkey	20	15	0
China⁹⁰	215	120	95
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	40
Philippines	315	140	175
Viet Nam	30	15	15
Bangladesh	60	25	35
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	280	135	150
Pakistan	50	20	30
Other locations of study in Asia	115	65	50
Oceania	55	25	35
Australia	45	15	35
New Zealand	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	54,085	25,760	28,325
In the labour force	35,895	18,245	17,655
Employed	32,820	16,580	16,240
Unemployed	3,080	1,665	1,415
Not in the labour force	18,190	7,515	10,665
Participation rate	66.4	70.8	62.3
Employment rate	60.7	64.4	57.3
Unemployment rate	8.6	9.1	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	54,085	25,760	28,325
Did not work¹⁸⁶	18,350	7,640	10,710
Worked	35,735	18,120	17,615
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,975	10,870	9,110
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,755	7,250	8,505
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.5	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	35,900	18,245	17,655
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	795	400	395
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	35,105	17,845	17,260
Employee	31,690	15,830	15,865
Permanent position	25,320	12,735	12,590
Temporary position	6,370	3,090	3,275
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,230	1,105	1,125
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,140	1,995	2,150
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,415	2,015	1,395
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	35,900	18,245	17,655
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	795	400	395
All occupations¹⁹¹	35,105	17,845	17,260
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	455	315	140
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,010	2,020	3,990
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,040	3,210	835
3 Health occupations	2,900	595	2,305
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,415	2,700	3,720
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,095	515	585
6 Sales and service occupations	9,555	4,360	5,190
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,665	3,375	295
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	435	345	90
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	525	420	105
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	35,900	18,245	17,655
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	795	400	395
All industries¹⁹¹	35,105	17,845	17,260
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	315	225	90
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	30	0
22 Utilities	680	450	230
23 Construction	1,650	1,450	205
31-33 Manufacturing	935	705	225
41 Wholesale trade	615	470	145
44-45 Retail trade	4,355	2,130	2,230
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,160	800	360
51 Information and cultural industries	965	635	330
52 Finance and insurance	990	430	565
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	450	240	215
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,490	2,260	1,225
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	30	40
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,485	905	580
61 Educational services	3,775	1,515	2,260
62 Health care and social assistance	4,785	985	3,800
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	525	255	270
72 Accommodation and food services	2,670	1,225	1,450
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,555	655	900
91 Public administration	4,605	2,450	2,150
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	38,250	19,335	18,915
English	33,785	17,510	16,280
French	320	110	215
Non-official language	45	30	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	30	15
English and French	3,635	1,470	2,165
English and non-official language(s)	400	195	205
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	38,250	19,335	18,915
Single responses	37,690	19,110	18,580
Official languages	37,595	19,055	18,545
English	36,945	18,845	18,100
French	650	210	445
Non-official languages	95	55	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	95	55	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	15	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	20	15
Chinese languages	30	20	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	20	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	555	225	335
English and French	500	200	300
English and non-official language(s)	50	20	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	38,250	19,335	18,915
None	34,695	17,865	16,835
English	370	125	245
French	2,820	1,175	1,650
Non-official language	295	135	165
Indigenous³⁹	35	20	15
Non-Indigenous	265	115	150
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	32,820	16,580	16,240
Worked at home	6,905	3,690	3,210
Worked outside Canada	70	50	20
No fixed workplace address	3,180	2,115	1,065
Usual place of work	22,660	10,720	11,940
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	22,665	10,725	11,940
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,160	8,120	10,045
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,025	1,095	920
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,355	1,430	930
Commute to a different province or territory	120	75	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	25,845	12,840	13,010
Car, truck or van	22,120	11,125	10,995
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,685	10,285	9,400
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,435	845	1,590
Public transit	925	365	565
Walked	1,965	875	1,095
Bicycle	335	220	115
Other method	500	260	240
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	25,845	12,840	13,010
Less than 15 minutes	14,225	6,530	7,695
15 to 29 minutes	9,150	4,795	4,360
30 to 44 minutes	1,485	915	565
45 to 59 minutes	415	215	200
60 minutes and over	570	375	195
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	25,845	12,840	13,010
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	740	515	230
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,625	1,525	1,105
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,445	4,340	4,115
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,060	3,290	3,770
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,295	1,375	1,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,675	1,805	1,870
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,490	5,845	5,640
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,110	1,075	1,040
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,375	4,775	4,605
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,495	4,285	4,210
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,595	795	800
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,130	545	590
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	460	250	210
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,900	3,490	3,410

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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